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CN205608350U - Display screen and display - Google Patents

Display screen and display Download PDF

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Publication number
CN205608350U
CN205608350U CN201521139158.3U CN201521139158U CN205608350U CN 205608350 U CN205608350 U CN 205608350U CN 201521139158 U CN201521139158 U CN 201521139158U CN 205608350 U CN205608350 U CN 205608350U
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Prior art keywords
pixel
sub
display screen
substrate
pixels
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CN201521139158.3U
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Inventor
简守甫
曹兆铿
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Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Shanghai AVIC Optoelectronics Co Ltd
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Tianma Microelectronics Co Ltd
Shanghai AVIC Optoelectronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a display screen and display. The display screen includes first base plate and second base plate, and first base plate has along first direction order NULL's first dot structure and second dot structure, first dot structure has along first pixel group and second pixel group that the second direction was arranged, first pixel group has along the first pixel and second pixel of first direction range, second pixel group has along the third pixel and fourth pixel of first direction range, the second dot structure has along second pixel group and first pixel group that the second direction was arranged, the three sub -pixel of first pixel to fourth pixel in by first sub -pixel, second sub -pixel, third sub -pixel and fourth sub -pixel is formed, and in the pixel of arranging along first direction and second orientation, two adjacent sub -pixels are inequality, still including setting up the sept between two base plates, the sept lies in along the center of four arbitrary adjacent sub -pixels of first direction and the range of second orientation, and four sub -pixels are inequality.

Description

Display screen and display
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of touch display, in particular to a display screen and a display.
Background
At present, the resolution of mobile terminal products is higher and higher, and clear visual experience is brought to consumers.
Present pixel is arranged and is played up and mostly red, green, blue three kinds, and RGB plays up promptly, along with the improvement of screen resolution, the increase of pixel density, the luminousness of screen has descended on the contrary. As the light transmittance decreases, the brightness of the screen also decreases.
At present, the more common measure in the industry is to improve the screen brightness, but the negative effect brought by the method is the increase of the power consumption of the display panel, and the increase of the power consumption will cause the loss of the battery capacity of the terminal product, which is not in line with the purpose of improving the resolution and reducing the power consumption in the industry.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a display screen, comprising;
the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged;
a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
wherein,
the first substrate is provided with a first pixel structure and a second pixel structure which are sequentially and alternately arranged along a first direction;
the first pixel structure is provided with a first pixel group and a second pixel group which are arranged along a second direction;
the first pixel group is provided with a first pixel and a second pixel which are arranged along the first direction; the second pixel group is provided with a third pixel and a fourth pixel which are arranged along the first direction;
the second pixel structure has the second pixel group and the first pixel group arranged along the second direction;
the first pixel, the second pixel, the third pixel and the fourth pixel are composed of three sub-pixels of a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, a third sub-pixel and a fourth sub-pixel, and two adjacent sub-pixels in the pixels arranged along the first direction and the second direction are different;
the first substrate is arranged on the first substrate, and the second substrate is arranged on the second substrate;
the spacer is located in the center of any adjacent four sub-pixels arranged along the first direction and the second direction, and the four sub-pixels are different.
A display comprising a display screen as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model one of following advantage has: compared with the traditional red, green and blue (RGB) arrangement, one sub-pixel, namely a white sub-pixel, is added, so that the color is optimized to a certain extent; meanwhile, after the white sub-pixels are added, the pixel arrangement is changed into Red White Blue (RWB), Green Red White (GRW), Blue Green Red (BGR), and White Blue Green (WBG), and corresponding color rendering modes are also added.
The utility model discloses a with the spacer setting in specific position, improved display panel's luminance. By taking the spacer as the center and arranging the sub-pixels with four colors of red, green, blue and white (RGBW) on the periphery, the difference of the aperture opening ratios among the sub-pixels is reduced, the color balance is improved, and the screen brightness is improved. Since the method for improving the screen brightness does not need to be assisted by external energy loss, the power consumption can be reduced to a certain extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a display screen provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a pixel structure of a display screen according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel group of a display screen according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pixel of a display screen according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a display screen according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a display screen according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9a is a schematic view of a display screen according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9b is a schematic view of a display screen according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a pixel arrangement structure of a display screen according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a pixel arrangement structure of another display panel provided by the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a pixel arrangement structure of another display panel according to the present invention;
fig. 13 is a pixel arrangement structure of another display screen according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
A display screen and display of the present invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the schematic drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown, it being understood that those skilled in the art may modify the invention herein described while still achieving the advantageous effects of the invention. Accordingly, the following description should be construed as broadly as possible to those skilled in the art and not as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a display screen provided by the present invention, which includes a first substrate 100 and a second substrate 200 that are arranged relatively and a liquid crystal layer 4 that is arranged between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. In addition, a Black Matrix (BM)6 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 100 facing the second substrate 200, and the BM 6 is deposited between the four sub-pixels and is opaque, so as to mainly prevent backlight leakage, improve display contrast, prevent color mixing, and increase color purity. The side of the second substrate 200 facing the first substrate 100 is provided with a thin film transistor structure 5, the thin film transistor structure 5 forms a gate scan line and a data line, the gate scan line is arranged along a first direction, the data line is arranged along a second direction, and the gate scan line and the data line intersect in the second substrate 200. A spacer 3 is further disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, and the spacer is disposed within the black matrix and covered by the black matrix. The first substrate 100, i.e., the color filter substrate, further includes a pixel structure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a pixel structure of a display screen according to the present invention, and with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, two directions, namely a first direction a and a second direction B, are disposed on the first substrate 200. The first pixel structures 1 and the second pixel structures 2 are alternately arranged along the first direction a, that is, the first pixel structures 1, the second pixel structures 2, and the like are arranged in sequence in the first direction, and the first pixel structures 1 and the second pixel structures 2 are a pixel repeating unit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel group of a display screen provided by the present invention, and fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pixel of a display screen provided by the present invention, and a pixel structure on the first substrate 100 is now described with reference to fig. 2 to fig. 4. The first pixel structure 1 has a first pixel group 10 and a second pixel group 20 arranged along a second direction B; the second pixel structure 2 has a second pixel group 20 and a first pixel group 10 arranged along the second direction B.
The first pixel group 10 has a first pixel 11 and a second pixel 12, and the second pixel group 20 has a third pixel 13 and a fourth pixel 14. The first pixel group 10 has a first pixel 11 and a second pixel 12 arranged along a first direction a, and the second pixel group 20 has a third pixel 13 and a fourth pixel 14 arranged along the first direction a. The first pixel 11, the second pixel 12, the third pixel 13 and the fourth pixel 14 are composed of three sub-pixels of a first sub-pixel C1, a second sub-pixel C2, a third sub-pixel C3 and a fourth sub-pixel C4, and two adjacent sub-pixels are different in the pixels arranged in the first direction a and the second direction B, that is, three different sub-pixels are present in the first pixel 11, three different sub-pixels are present in the second pixel 12, and a last sub-pixel in the first pixel 11 is different from a first sub-pixel of the second pixel 12, a last sub-pixel in the second pixel 12 is different from a first sub-pixel of the third pixel 13, a last sub-pixel in the third pixel 13 is different from a first sub-pixel of the fourth pixel 14, and a last sub-pixel in the fourth pixel 14 is different from a first sub-pixel of the first pixel 11. Similarly, the sub-pixels of the first pixel group 10 and the second pixel group 20 respectively correspond to different sub-pixels in the second direction B.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1, a spacer 3 is further disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, one end of the spacer 3 is located on the second substrate 200, and the other end is located on the first substrate 100, and mainly functions as a support panel. Taking fig. 2 as an example, the spacer 3 is located at the center of any adjacent four sub-pixels arranged along the first direction a and the second direction B, and the sub-pixels surrounding the spacer 3 are different from each other. Optionally, the first direction a and the second direction B are perpendicular to each other, and the first sub-pixel C1, the second sub-pixel C2, the third sub-pixel C3, and the fourth sub-pixel C4 are regularly arranged.
The sub-pixels are regularly arranged, and the spacer 3 is positioned in the centers of the sub-pixels with four different colors, so that the difference of the aperture opening ratios among the sub-pixels is reduced to a certain extent, and the color balance is improved.
Optionally, the projection of the central positions of the four sub-pixels coincides with the intersection of the gate scan line and the data line of the second substrate on the second substrate 200. Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the display screen according to the present invention, and fig. 5 is used to illustrate the position relationship of the spacer 3. The second substrate 200 is provided with at least one gate scan line 11 and at least one data line 12, the gate scan lines 11 are sequentially arranged along the second direction, the data lines 12 are sequentially arranged along the first direction, and the gate scan lines 11 and the data lines 12 have a coincident intersection 30. The projection of the spacer 3 on the second substrate 200 is located at the intersection 30 of the gate scan line 11 and the data line 12. At this time, the black matrix on the first substrate can completely cover the spacers 3, the gate scan lines 11 and the data lines 12 within the minimum area range, and the aperture ratio is improved on the original basis.
As shown in fig. 4, optionally, the first pixel 11 is composed of a first sub-pixel C1, a second sub-pixel C2, and a third sub-pixel C3; the second pixel 12 is composed of a fourth sub-pixel C4, a first sub-pixel C1, and a second sub-pixel C2; the third pixel 13 is constituted by a third sub-pixel C3, a fourth sub-pixel C4, and a first sub-pixel C1; the fourth pixel 14 is composed of the second sub-pixel C2, the third sub-pixel C3, and the fourth sub-pixel C4. Optionally, the colors of the first sub-pixel C1, the second sub-pixel C2, the third sub-pixel C3 and the fourth sub-pixel C4 are red, white, blue and green, respectively, that is, the first pixel 11 is composed of red, white and blue, the second pixel 12 is composed of green, red and white, the third pixel 13 is composed of cyan and red, and the fourth pixel 14 is composed of white, cyan and green.
The red, white, blue and green arrangement is only one of the present embodiment, the colors of the first to fourth sub-pixels can also be red, green, blue and white, which is not limited herein, and the arrangement sequence of any sub-pixel color belongs to the protection content of the present invention.
Optionally, the ratio of the length of each long side to the length of each short side of the first sub-pixel C1, the second sub-pixel C2, the third sub-pixel C3, and the fourth sub-pixel C4 is 3: 1. As shown in fig. 4, the fourth sub-pixel C4 is a rectangle having a long side of 3X, a short side of X, and a ratio of the long side to the short side of 3: 1. Each sub-pixel is set to be rectangular, and the ratio of the long side to the short side is 3:1, so that the panel space can be effectively utilized, the pixel utilization rate is maximized, and the improvement of the screen brightness is facilitated.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a display screen according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the figure, the spacer 3 is located in the first pixel structure 1 and the second pixel structure 2. Optionally, the pixel colors in the first pixel group are arranged to be RWBGRW, and the pixel colors in the second pixel group are arranged to be BGRWBG. Taking the first pixel structure 1 as an example, the spacers 3 are located between the first pixel and the third pixel and between the second pixel and the fourth pixel. The red sub-pixel and the white sub-pixel in the first pixel and the blue sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel in the third pixel form a unit, the spacer 3 is located at the center of the four sub-pixels, that is, the spacer 3 is used as the center, and the sub-pixels with different colors are arranged around the four sub-pixels, namely, the red sub-pixel, the white sub-pixel, the blue sub-pixel and the green sub-pixel. Similarly, the spacer 3 may be located at the center of the unit composed of the white sub-pixel and the blue sub-pixel in the first pixel, and the green sub-pixel and the red sub-pixel in the third pixel. Other embodiments are not described herein, and the only difference is the spatial arrangement of the four sub-pixels centered on the spacer 3.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the spacer 3 may also be located at the center of the first pixel structure 1 or the center of the second pixel structure 2. Alternatively, the first pixel is composed of RWB, the second pixel is composed of GRW, the third pixel is composed of BGR, and the fourth pixel is composed of WBG. The spacer 3 is located at the center of the first pixel structure 1, and at this time, the first row BG and the second row RW of the sub-pixel colors arranged around the spacer 3 along the first direction are taken as the center; the spacer 3 is located at the center of the second pixel structure 2, and at this time, the first row RW and the second row BG of the sub-pixel colors arranged around the spacer 3 along the first direction are respectively centered on the spacer 3.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a display panel according to still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the spacer 3 may be located at the center of the pixel repeating unit formed by the first pixel structure 1 and the second pixel structure 2. Alternatively, the first pixel is composed of RWB, the second pixel is composed of GRW, the third pixel is composed of BGR, and the fourth pixel is composed of WBG. At this time, the first line WB and the second line GR in the first direction of the sub-pixel colors arranged all around with the spacer 3 as the center are defined.
Fig. 9a is a schematic diagram of a display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the arrangement rule of the spacers is the same as the above, and the consistent point is not repeated here, and the difference point lies in: the spacer 3 may be placed in the center of all adjacent four sub-pixels. Alternatively, in fig. 9a, the first pixel is composed of RWB, the second pixel is composed of GRW, the third pixel is composed of BGR, and the fourth pixel is composed of WBG. In fig. 9b, the first pixel is composed of RGB, the second pixel is composed of WRG, the third pixel is composed of BWR, and the fourth pixel is composed of GBW. Two adjacent sub-pixels along the first direction and two adjacent sub-pixels along the second direction form a unit, the unit comprises sub-pixels of four colors RGBW, and a spacer 3 is arranged in the center of any one of the units. The spacer 3 is arranged in the center of any unit, so that the difference of the aperture opening ratios of the sub-pixels can be effectively reduced, and the color contrast can be enhanced and the brightness can be improved through color superposition and rendering among the pixels. The utility model provides an embodiment can increase luminance when improving screen resolution to reduce the screen consumption.
In addition, the first pixel structures 1 are sequentially arranged along the second direction B, that is, in the second direction, the first pixel structures 1 are sequentially arranged, and the second pixel structures 2 are sequentially arranged. When the first pixel structure 1 and the second pixel structure 2 are taken as pixel repeating units, the repeating units are sequentially and repeatedly arranged in the first direction a and the second direction B.
Fig. 10 is a pixel arrangement structure of a display screen provided by the present invention, the arrangement of the first pixel structures 1 and the second pixel structures 2 in the first direction and the arrangement of the spacers are consistent with the arrangement of fig. 4 to fig. 7, the consistent parts are not repeated here, and the aforementioned contents can be referred to, and the difference point lies in: the first pixel structure 1 sequentially arranges 1 sub-pixel in a staggered manner along the second direction B. Alternatively, the first pixel is composed of RWB, the second pixel is composed of GRW, the third pixel is composed of BGR, and the fourth pixel is composed of WBG. The next first pixel structures sequentially arranged along the second direction B are staggered with one red sub-pixel to the left as shown in the figure, and the first column of the previous first pixel structure 1 corresponds to the second column of the next first pixel structure 1.
Fig. 11 is a pixel arrangement structure of another display screen provided by the present invention, in which the first pixel structure 1 arranges 3 mutually staggered sub-pixels along the second direction B in sequence. Alternatively, the first pixel is composed of RWB, the second pixel is composed of GRW, the third pixel is composed of BGR, and the fourth pixel is composed of WBG. The next first pixel structure sequentially arranged along the second direction B is staggered by 3 sub-pixels, namely, a red sub-pixel, a white sub-pixel and a blue sub-pixel, to the left as shown in the figure. The first column of the previous first pixel structure 1 corresponds to the fourth column of the next first pixel structure 1.
Fig. 12 shows another pixel arrangement structure of a display panel according to the present invention, in which the first pixel structure 1 sequentially arranges 4 mutually staggered sub-pixels along the second direction B. Alternatively, the first pixel is composed of RWB, the second pixel is composed of GRW, the third pixel is composed of BGR, and the fourth pixel is composed of WBG. The next first pixel structure sequentially arranged along the second direction B is staggered with 4 sub-pixels, namely, a red sub-pixel, a white sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel and a green sub-pixel, to the left as shown in the figure. The first column of the previous first pixel structure 1 corresponds to the fifth column of the next first pixel structure 1.
Fig. 13 is a pixel arrangement structure of another display screen provided by the present invention, in which the first pixel structure 1 arranges 5 mutually staggered sub-pixels along the second direction B in sequence. Optionally, the first pixel is composed of three sub-pixels RWB, the second pixel is composed of three sub-pixels GRW, the third pixel is composed of three sub-pixels BGR, and the fourth pixel is composed of three sub-pixels WBG. The next first pixel structure sequentially arranged along the second direction B is staggered by 5 sub-pixels, namely, a red sub-pixel, a white sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel and a red sub-pixel, to the left as shown in the figure. The first column of the previous first pixel structure 1 corresponds to the sixth column of the next first pixel structure 1.
In the embodiment shown in any of fig. 10 to 13, the spacer 3 is included, and the spacer 3 is located at the center of any adjacent four sub-pixels arranged along the first direction a and the second direction B, although the above embodiment exemplifies that the first pixel is composed of RWB, the second pixel is composed of GRW, the third pixel is composed of BGR, and the fourth pixel is composed of WBG, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and a person skilled in the art can make any modification to the sub-pixels in each pixel, and the modification is within the scope of the present invention. Similarly, the colors of the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, the third sub-pixel and the fourth sub-pixel are not limited to RWBG, and may be any combination of four different colors.
In addition, the shape and material of the spacer 3 may have other forms. Alternatively, the spacer 3 is elliptical in shape, and the material of the spacer 3 includes at least one of polystyrene, divinylbenzene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, and the like.
Alternatively, the spacer 3 may also be cylindrical in shape. The spacers 3 are regular cylinders, so that the area of the black matrix 6 can be reduced to some extent, and thus, the transmittance of the screen can be improved. By combining the arrangement of the spacers 3 and the reduction of the area of the black matrix 3, it is possible to effectively improve the screen resolution and increase the screen brightness.
In addition, the utility model provides an electrode structure of display screen accords with FFS (fringe Field switching) technique. The second substrate, namely the array substrate, further comprises a pixel electrode and a common electrode, and an insulating layer is arranged between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Optionally, the pixel electrodes are located above the common electrode, the pixel electrodes are strip-shaped electrodes, the common electrode is a planar electrode, and the liquid crystal between the electrodes and above the electrodes can rotate on a plane parallel to the substrate by an edge electric field generated between the top-layer strip-shaped pixel electrode and the bottom-layer planar common electrode on the second substrate. Optionally, the common electrode may be reused as a touch electrode.
By combining the strip-shaped pixel electrodes and the planar common electrode, the display screen has a wider viewing angle and higher transmittance compared with the traditional screen.
The utility model provides a display, including the aforesaid display screen, this kind of display can also obviously improve the aperture opening ratio when having higher resolution and improve and show luminance.
It should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (16)

1. A display screen, comprising;
the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged;
a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
wherein,
the first substrate is provided with a first pixel structure and a second pixel structure which are sequentially and alternately arranged along a first direction;
the first pixel structure is provided with a first pixel group and a second pixel group which are arranged along a second direction;
the first pixel group is provided with a first pixel and a second pixel which are arranged along the first direction; the second pixel group is provided with a third pixel and a fourth pixel which are arranged along the first direction;
the second pixel structure has the second pixel group and the first pixel group arranged along the second direction;
the first pixel, the second pixel, the third pixel and the fourth pixel are composed of three sub-pixels of a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, a third sub-pixel and a fourth sub-pixel, and two adjacent sub-pixels in the pixels arranged along the first direction and the second direction are different;
the first substrate is arranged on the first substrate, and the second substrate is arranged on the second substrate;
the spacer is located in the center of any adjacent four sub-pixels arranged along the first direction and the second direction, and the four sub-pixels are different.
2. A display screen as defined in claim 1 wherein said first direction is perpendicular to said second direction.
3. A display screen according to claim 1, wherein the second substrate further comprises gate scan lines and data lines; and the projection of the central positions of the four sub-pixels is superposed with the projection of the intersection point of the grid scanning line and the data line.
4. A display screen according to claim 1 wherein said first pixel is comprised of said first sub-pixel, said second sub-pixel and said third sub-pixel.
5. A display screen according to claim 1 wherein said second pixel is comprised of said fourth sub-pixel, said first sub-pixel and said second sub-pixel.
6. A display screen according to claim 1 wherein said third pixel is comprised of said third sub-pixel, said fourth sub-pixel and said first sub-pixel.
7. A display screen according to claim 1 wherein said fourth pixel is comprised of said second sub-pixel, said third sub-pixel and said fourth sub-pixel.
8. A display screen according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, the third sub-pixel and the fourth sub-pixel each have a ratio of long side to short side of 3: 1.
9. A display screen according to claim 1, wherein the spacer is further positioned at the center of the first pixel structure or the second pixel structure.
10. A display screen according to claim 1, wherein the spacer is further positioned in the center of the pixel repeat unit formed by the first pixel structure and the second pixel structure.
11. A display screen according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel structures are arranged sequentially along the second direction.
12. A display panel in accordance with claim 11 wherein said first pixel structures are staggered with respect to each other by at least one sub-pixel along said second direction.
13. A display screen as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the spacers comprises polystyrene, divinylbenzene, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylate.
14. A display screen according to claim 1, wherein the second substrate further comprises a pixel electrode and a common electrode, and an insulating layer is further disposed between the pixel electrode layer and the common electrode layer.
15. A display screen as recited in claim 14, wherein the common electrode is a planar electrode and the pixel electrodes are stripe electrodes.
16. A display comprising a display screen as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15.
CN201521139158.3U 2015-12-31 2015-12-31 Display screen and display Active CN205608350U (en)

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CN106773360A (en) * 2017-02-24 2017-05-31 厦门天马微电子有限公司 Liquid crystal display panel and display
CN107121821A (en) * 2017-07-04 2017-09-01 厦门天马微电子有限公司 Display base plate, liquid crystal display panel and display device
WO2018161410A1 (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 Array substrate, and liquid crystal display panel
WO2019061948A1 (en) * 2017-09-26 2019-04-04 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 Rgbx display panel and liquid crystal display apparatus
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