CN1930919A

CN1930919A - Flat heating element

Info

Publication number: CN1930919A
Application number: CNA2005800074606A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 米夏埃尔·魏斯; 西莫内·克勒; 彼得·特雷梅尔
Original assignee: WET Automotive Systems AG
Current assignee: WET Automotive Systems AG
Priority date: 2004-03-08
Filing date: 2005-03-04
Publication date: 2007-03-14
Anticipated expiration: 2025-03-04
Also published as: CN101600271B; DE202004003677U1; CN1930919B; CN101600271A; CN101610612A; CN101610612B

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating element (20), in particular for heating user contact surfaces of a passenger compartment of a vehicle, comprising at least one heating area (100) wherein at least one electric conductor strand (1), which is used to heat, is arranged, at least one additional conductor strand (2) which is used to feed electric energy into at least one conductor strand (1) which is used to heat the heating area (100), at least one contact area (200) wherein the conductor strand (2), which is used to feed electric energy, is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the at least one conductor strand (1) which is used to heat the heating area (100). According to the invention, at least one additional conductor (3) which forms at least one part of an electrically bridging line which bridges the failure point on a failure point during local failures of at least one of the conductor strands (1, 2), is provided.

Description

Flat heating element

The present invention relates to a kind of flat heating element, be particularly useful for the heating of the face that contacts with the user in the passenger accommodation of motor vehicle, it has: at least one thermal treatment zone is provided with the electrical conductor cable that at least one is used to heat in this thermal treatment zone; At least another conductor cable is used for the electric energy feed-in is heated described at least one conductor cable of this thermal treatment zone; A contacting zone, in this contacting zone, the conductor cable that is used for the feed-in electric energy is connected conductively with described at least one conductor cable that is used to heat this thermal treatment zone.

Background technology

Disclose the flat heating element with two or more contact conductors, these contact conductors connect conductively by a plurality of heaters each other.These heaters and/or contact conductor for example can by copper or by other conductor material suitable, that have enough conductivity forms and can be in case of necessity by exterior insulation shielding and/or reinforcement.But the conductor of being made up of copper only can bear limited mechanical load at least in part, consequently can occur the damage that is caused by fatigue of materials and/or material fracture after the use of long duration.This mainly is the undercapacity of the anti-alternating bending of copper product.The fracture of contact conductor and/or heater can appear in this heating element.On fracture location, form opening circuit of feed in the case.Heating element can not be worked in the zone that no longer can flow through electric current at least again.

Disclose by DE 41 01 290, a plurality of heaters are connected with a plurality of conductor contact points that contact, left redundancy under the situation with the indivedual conductors against damage of box lunch.But have some such applicable cases, the described heating element of the document is always firm inadequately and reliable therein.

Disclose, silver-plated to conductor made of copper, prevent corrosion to protect it.If but hole is not silver-plated hermetically, then copper also can be etched.Silver is along with the time will be diffused in the copper in addition.Formed a boundary layer of being done by the Ag-Cu alloy thus, it is highly brittle.Breaking of this boundary layer formed initial crack, and this is dangerous to conductor equally.

In order to eliminate this problem, can use so-called armoury wire, wherein electric conductor is provided with steel core, and it has the copper jacket layer.The armoury wire of being made up of skin and a kind of core that contains the precious metal material work of platinum work is disclosed by DE 38 32 342 C1.This core can determine as flexible, anti-disconnected and tensile strength and anti-reversed bending strength according to some standards, and is outer then can be optimised on required electrical property.

A kind of armoury wire that the core of being done by stainless steel wire reaches the jacket layer of being done by copper that has is disclosed by DE196 38 372 A1.At last in DE 102 06 336 A1, the armoury wire that a kind of jacket layer is formed from steel and core is made of copper or selectively makes has conversely been described.

The major defect of these material known combinations is that armoury wire has high relatively cost and only limited corrosion resistance.Though copper is outer for most of application scenarios conduction current well enough, can not be corrosion-resistant well enough for some application.

Disclose a kind of heater by JP 2001-217058, wherein a plurality of carbon fibers are wrapped up by a bellows.But this structure is not very anti-fracture.

Some definition

Main terms in this specification below will be described:

One " cable " is a microscler body (Strang), and its length dimension is considerably beyond its cross sectional dimensions.Two dimensions of preferred its cross section have roughly the same size.Preferred this body is flexible resilience, but be in one solid-state in.

Here (filamentartig) be interpreted as for " thread ": the object of being called like this is by a short fiber or long fibre constitutes or be made of monofilament or multifilament threads.

" conductor cable " is a kind of cable (Leiterstrang), extending one, the electric conductor of a plurality of perhaps multifibres shapes in this cable, and be preferred basically along the longitudinal extension of this cable.A conductor cable itself can be made of a plurality of conductor cables.

One " jacket layer " is a layer (Mantelschicht), and it is wrapped in a cable directly or indirectly at least in part, but is not necessarily for being wrapped in the outermost layer of cable.

" plastics " be any synthetic, in nature non-existent material, especially polymer and the material such as the carbon fiber of deriving by its.

" heat-resisting " means, related material its shape and intensity is maximum changes unimportantly in daily variations in temperature, and this material keeps chemically stable and keeps and states of matter identical in the standard environment condition.

" chemically torpescence " expression is an inertia, that is, the object of being called like this under the effect of corrosive substance was not also changed, and does not change under the material effect as sweat, carbonic acid or tartaric acid so at least.

" metallization " is interpreted as being provided with metal coating, for example by electroplating or sputter.

" seat surface " is the large-area zone line of the supporting surface at a seat (Sitzspiegel), and it is determined the buttocks that is used to support the user.

" backrest " is the large-area zone line of the supporting surface at a seat, and it is determined the back that is used to support the user.

" seat sidepiece " be normally supporting surface, that leave seat surface and common vertical lateral areas section of giving prominence to some (Sitzwangen), and it is determined and is used for especially lateral support user when negotiation of bends.Here both represented for this notion that seat surface next door was used to support the sidepiece of thigh, represented also that being used on the backrest supported the sidepiece of user's shoulder.

Be interpreted as for " other type ", two objects are realizing that for technical functionality being is different mutually aspect the important and/or basic characteristic at least.Refer in particular to all features of electrical conductor cable, they relate to load capacity basically, working life, and material is selected, combination of materials, shape of cross section-structure and cross sectional dimensions, introducing and contacting in the heating element.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to, a kind of heating element is provided, it has enough lasting load capacity, corrosion resistance and can advantageously be made by cost.

The technical scheme of claim 1,2 and 3 provides three effectively to guarantee possibility to this task.

The technical scheme of claim 1 especially can be protected at the inefficacy of single conductor.The conductor that the technical scheme of claim 2 is traditional relatively has the mechanical load ability of raising.The technical scheme of claim 3 is turn-offed single heating element when dangerous.

The technical scheme of claim 9 has additional insurance by the replacement configuration of an extra conductor.

Described extra conductor and added a contacting form that conforms with purpose between heating fabric/heater according to the heating element of claim 10, it can obtain additional fault insurance and load-bearing capacity with the feature of claim 11.

Have enough contact-making surfaces at the conductor cable that is used to heat and on a plurality of distributing points between the conductor cable of the electric current that is used to feed on the one hand according to the heating element of claim 12, being installed in of an extra conductor constitutes a network in this zone on the other hand, and this network is the electric current between the bypass mesh simply when single conductor break.

In heating element according to claim 13, make that to come the contacting extra conductor to become by power lead unnecessary, the installation of heating element is simplified significantly.

Heating element according to claim 14,15 or 16 has firm especially conductor cable.

Heating element according to claim 17,22 and 24 has a plurality of extremely thin uniconductors, and they have a big surface area and a low resistance together, although the major part of the cross section of this cable is made up of non-conductive (plastics) material.

The characteristics of the heating element of claim 18 are to have high load capacity under low material cost situation.The feature of claim 19,20 and 21 makes the conductor cable of heating element have additional corrosion resistance.

Can realize the insurance function of adding and the simple installation of heating element according to the heating element of claim 23.

Heating element according to claim 25 has such conductor cable, although they have a plurality of single-cables, can constitute compact structure and have low heat and transmit resistance.

Has conductor according to the heating element of claim 26 for the respective electrical function optimization.

Heating element according to claim 27 can be installed simply, because the conductor cable of be used to feed electric energy and/or conductor cable that is used to heat and/or extra conductor can for example be pre-formed as strip material or part and for example only need to be pressed again continuously simply.

The advantage that has according to the heating element of claim 28 is, the safeguard measure that does not need to take to take a lot of trouble on the border between a seat surface and the seat sidepiece is used to make conductor cable to pass borderline region (so-called ditch transition).Even the conductor cable that is used to heat man-hour in further adding of heating element also will run into the pin of sewing, for example select to have guaranteed the power supply of seat sidepiece here by the material of extra conductor or conductor cable.

Heating element according to claim 32 can turn-off especially reliably, because open circuit-and conductor cable 4 can early lose efficacy than conductor cable to be protected 1,2 reliably.

Other favourable configuration of the present invention can be by obtaining in claims and the following description to accompanying drawing.

Description of drawings

Preferred embodiment according to flat heating element of the present invention below will be described.Accompanying drawing is represented:

Fig. 1: the vertical view of a flat heating element,

Fig. 2: according to the summary enlarged drawing of fracture location local A among Fig. 1, an electrode that constitutes by litzendraht wire,

Fig. 3: the amplification plan view of the part in a contacting zone,

Fig. 4: the cross-sectional view of the amplification of an electrical conductor cable,

Fig. 5: the zoomed-in view of the whole wire harness of a conductor cable,

Fig. 6: an alternative of Fig. 1 form of implementation,

Fig. 7: the vertical view of another form of implementation.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 represents an electrical heating elements 20, and it has a face carrier 8, pair of electrodes 30, and this is spaced apart from each other to electrode and is located at each other to reach on the carrier almost parallel and interconnects by a plurality of heaters 40 on a plurality of contactings zone 200.Heater 40 roughly is arranged on the carrier 8 in parallel with each other and is electrically connected in parallel.These electrodes 30 are connected with a power supply 70 by electrical connecting wire 50 itself.Heater 40 is made of some conductor cables 1 that are used to heat this heating element, preferably is made up of the plastics silk of carbonization.Electrode 30 is made of some conductor cables 2 that are used for electric energy feed-in heating element 20, preferably is made up of the twisted wire of copper.

Electric current is flow in a plurality of heaters 40 by connecting a lead 6 and a described electrode 30 by power supply at work.The heat of these heaters makes heating region 100 heating.Electric current is back to power supply again by another electrode 30 and connection lead 6 therefrom again.At this, when operating voltage is 12V the current strength of heating current for example 4 and 5A between.

A zoomed-in view of the intersection region of expression electrode 30 and some heaters 40 among Fig. 2.It expresses a breaking portion of some conductor cables 2 of electrode 30.Lead rupture part shown in Fig. 2 will cause the partial failure of the outage part of flat heating element 20.

For fear of this situation, extra conductor 3 is electrically connected these

end section

36,37 of an electrode 30 mutually and with electrode 30 spacing is arranged in addition in the form of implementation of Fig. 1, so that be not subjected to identical load.

Fig. 3 represents a form of implementation of heating element, and wherein extra conductor 3 replaces parallel with the conductor cable 2 of electrode 30 and extends in circuitously in the contacting zone 200.Here, extra conductor 3 exceeds some orders of magnitude than the fastness of the conductor cable 2 that is used for the feed-in electric energy.If all conductor cables 2 lost efficacy, extra conductor 3 is still remained valid owing to its higher mechanical load ability.Then the cross-over connection section 42 that constitutes between it through a plurality of a little 33 feed-ins of feeding of the conductor cable of these before fracture location 2 is to extra conductor 3 for electric current, and these cross-over connection sections are made of the short section of heater 40.Electric current flows in the extra conductor 3 therefrom.Stride across that the fracture location after-current is assigned to again on the cross-over connection section 42 that is positioned at the fracture location back and the part that disconnects by breaking portion of conductor cable 2 on.

In this form of implementation, extra conductor 3 can be combined in contact electrode by the manufacture method that is used for contact electrode 30 so far.For this reason, the preferred uninsulated twisted wire of these of contact electrode 30 conductor cable 2-so far-one or morely when it is made, replace by the conductor cable 3a of extra conductor 3.

The raising of load capacity when the layout of the meander-shaped of each conductor cable 3a of extra conductor helps extra conductor to be subjected to tension stress on it is vertical.

No matter be that electrode 30 or heater 40 and extra conductor 3 have the conductor cable 1,2,3 that is provided with plastic core and gold-silver coating or nickel wire, as supplementary protection.At this, these heaters are provided with the noble coatings thinner than electrode conductor for its resistance of corresponding raising.

Fig. 4 represents a cross section according to electrical conductor cable 10 of the present invention, and this conductor cable has a core of being done by plastics and reaches a jacket of being made by noble metal.

Electric conductor 10 comprises one by a kind of flexible, anti-fracture and heat-resisting plastics, especially thermoplastic plastics, the thread interior cable 12 especially made by polyamide, and the very anti-fracture of polyamide, tension are disconnected and heat-resisting.The core 12 of wire is wrapped in by a jacket 14 of being made by nickel, gold, silver or gold-silver alloy, and it especially can be applied with by plating mode.Jacket 14 is the very anti-alternating bendings on a long run duration thus that reach that ductility is arranged very much.Core 12 be very anti-fracture and can bear the alternating bending load, make electric conductor 10 have desirable mechanical property and extraordinary electrical characteristics, for example be suitable for and make electric heating conductor etc.

Core diameter can be between about 0.01mm and about 1mm, and is about 0.02 to 3mm for jacket 14 suitable diameters.It is also conceivable that the cross-sectional area of interior cable 12 and jacket layer 14 has the ratio between 1: 4 and 10: 1, the cross-sectional area that preferred interior cable 12 and jacket layer 14 have same size.

Depend on the needs, the cross-sectional area of core 12 can be greater than or less than the cross-sectional area of overcoat 14.In a conductor 10 that stands strong especially mechanical load, reasonably for example can for: core diameter is more selected, so that get rid of the fracture or the damage of conductor 10 or metal-coating 14 reliably.

The single-cable 16 of a plurality of electrical conductor cable 10 forms corresponding to Fig. 4 can be with favourable mode, as illustrated in fig. 5, be reversed into a wire harness 17 or one and twist thread.For example can twist with the fingers into a line, can twist with the fingers into a total wire harness 19 again by a plurality of such lines by 30 to 50 single-cables 16.Can constitute a conductor cable with a plurality of single-cables thus, it can be sewed without a doubt.If this conductor cable is passed by a pin, only be that some single silks are damaged, and can the influence of being worth mentioning do not arranged the general function of total wire harness of conductor cable or electrical characteristics or mechanical property.In addition, can not cause mechanical breaking, because this line is very anti-fracture by the fixing of a sewing thread.

Can an additional insulating barrier or bond layer (not shown) be set around jacket layer 14 in case of necessity, this layer preferably is made up of plastics.

Electrical conductor cable 10 or the total wire harness 19 that is made of a plurality of twisted electrical conductor cables 10 are fit to constitute electrical heating elements, are particularly useful for being installed in motor vehicle seat or the steering wheel.At this, it can be set up as electrode and/or as heater.

Can consider that also extra conductor 3 is combined in the electrode 3 and preferably is insulated at least and/or be spaced between the

end section

36,37 of contact electrode 3.

Especially can consider that feed these conductor cables 2 of electric energy of the band that extra conductor 3 is configured to conduct electricity and being used to are fixed thereon.This band for example can be the braid of being made up of electrical conductor cable, metallic film, metalized fibers net (as copper-plated, zinc-plated), knotwork and/or knitted fabric.It should have the following sheet resistance of 5m Ω/.Conductor cable 2 for example can be sewed on or be sewed up.

Can consider that in addition these end section of at least one contact electrode 3 connect by an electric extra conductor 3 each other in an electrically conductively.

Fig. 6 represents to have the heating element 20 of a carrier 8, is provided with the heater 40 that covers heating region 100 basically fully thereon.This heater 40 is made of a conductor cable 1, total wire harness 17 of preferably being made up of a plurality of uniconductor cables.On each of two end, each is connected heater 40 lead 50 with one and forms the conduction connection in a contact zone 200, preferably be retracted.In this embodiment, it is identical with the conductor cable 2 and the connection lead 6 of the electric energy that is used to feed to connect lead 50.In this embodiment, electric current is by connecting an end of lead 50 feed-in heaters 40; It flows through the whole length of this heater 40 and heats this thermal treatment zone 100 thus; Then it leads telegram in reply source through connecting lead 50 by the other end of heater 40 again on contact zone 200.

Fig. 7 represent one to Fig. 1 in similar basically heating element.Spacing ground and almost parallel are also arranged mutually be provided with pair of electrodes 30 here on a face carrier 8.They are connected to each other by a plurality of heaters 40 on contacting zone 200.But be not provided with the extra conductor 3 that is used for cross-over electrode 30 here.Replace it be extend in electrode 30 next doors each one open circuit-conductor cable 4.This opens circuit-and conductor cable can reach circuitously with electrode 3 and extend on the same face side of carrier 8.But, on it also can be preferably straight line as among this embodiment and being positioned at of being arranged in face carrier 8 and the electrode opposite surfaces side.It is being connected with electrode 30 conductions on a contact site 55 on the one end thereof.It is being connected with a power supply 70 by a connection lead 50 on a connecting portion 57 on its other end.In principle each heating element with one open circuit-conductor cable 4 is just much of that.But each of two electrodes 30 is provided with oneself opens circuit-conductor cable 4 in the present embodiment.

Open circuit-conductor cable 4 reaches by its anti-mechanism energy force rate electrode 30 of autotelic material/cross sectional configuration little by its straight line on the one hand.If electrode is subjected to excessive mechanical load at work now, it is early more disconnected than electrode 30 then to be arranged on opening circuit in the same mechanical load zone-conductor cable 4.When open circuit-conductor cable 4 is damaged or when having disconnected, by open circuit-series circuit of conductor cable 4 and electrode 30 makes heating element 20 reduce ground or fully no longer is heated.Can get rid of the formation that electrode disconnects burn point on the position in this way.

To open circuit-conductor cable 4 additionally or alternatively, another can be set open circuit-conductor cable 4 '.It is not heated electric current and flows through in the present embodiment.It only is along at least one electrode 30, in this embodiment along two arrangement of electrodes.Their end is connected on the monitoring device 80.Can consider in addition, open circuit-add a temperature sensor 90 in the galvanic circle of conductor cable 4 '.The resistance of the resistance of this temperature sensor and opening circuit-conductor cable 4 ' is preferably inequality on the order of magnitude each other.For example the characteristic curve as the NTC (negative temperature coefficient unit) of temperature sensor use will remain unchanged thus.

At work, monitoring device 80 is monitored the temperature of heating element and is suitably regulated the electric current that passes through heating element 20 by temperature sensor 90.If open circuit-and conductor cable 4 ' damages by the excess load of machinery or disconnects, and then monitoring device 80 will record and open circuit-rising of the galvanic circle resistance of conductor cable 4 ', and this resistance increases along with the increase of damaged condition.It is inferred and opens circuit-damage of conductor cable 4 ' and/or temperature sensor thus.In both cases, monitoring device 80 all will make heating element turn-off fully.

Conform with the destination, open circuit-conductor cable 4,4 ' can have a plurality of cables.If single cable fails, this will cause opening circuit-the increasing of the resistance of conductor cable 4,4 '.This can detect by a monitoring device 80 equally.Can provide a precaution alarm thus.In addition, heating element itself side by side is supplied to a magnitude of current that reduce, not too critical.

Importantly, open circuit-conductor cable 4,4 ' insulate with electrode on a section to be monitored at least reliably.Otherwise the short circuit meeting between the two makes the position of a damage again by cross-over connection.

The reference number table

1 is used for conductor cable 14 jacket layer of heating

2 conductor cable 16 single-cables for the electric energy of feeding

3 extra conductor, 17 cable bundles

Conductor cable 19 total wire harness of 3a extra conductor

4,4 ' opens circuit-conductor cable 20 electrical heating elements

Edge 30 electrodes of 5 thermals treatment zone

6 connect

lead

36,37 end section

8 carriers, 40 heaters

10 electrical conductor cables, 42 cross-over connection sections

Cable 50 connects lead in 12

70 power supplys, 55 contacts site

80 monitoring devices, 57 connecting portions

90 temperature sensors, 100 thermals treatment zone

200 contacting zones.

Claims

1. heating element (20) is particularly useful for the heating of the face that contacts with the user in the passenger accommodation of motor vehicle, and it has:

-at least one thermal treatment zone (100) is provided with at least one electrical conductor cable that is used to heat (1) in this thermal treatment zone;

-at least one additional conductors cable (2) is used for the electric energy feed-in is heated described at least one conductor cable (1) of this thermal treatment zone (100);

-one contacting zone (200), in this contacting zone, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy is connected conductively with described at least one conductor cable (1) that is used to heat this thermal treatment zone (100),

It is characterized in that: be provided with at least one extra conductor (3), it constitutes at least a portion of the electric cross-over connection lead of this failure site of cross-over connection on a failure site when at least one partial failure of these conductor cables (1,2).

2. electrical heating elements (20), has at least one electrical conductor cable (10), this conductor cable has at least one thread interior cable (12) and at least one wraps up the jacket layer (14) of cable (12) in this at least in part, and it is characterized in that: jacket layer (14) is conducted electricity.

3. heating element (20), have at least one the electrically heated thermal treatment zone (100) and at least one electrical conductor cable (1,2), this conductor cable is set for and is arranged at least in part in the zone that is subjected to mechanical load, it is characterized in that: heating element (20) has at least one and opens circuit-conductor cable (4,4 '), its mechanical stability, especially its tensile strength and/or anti-reversed bending strength cause the shutoff of heating element (20) than the little of first conductor cable (1,2) and its inefficacy.

4. according to the heating element (20) of one of claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: it is set up the heating in particular for the face that contacts with the user in the passenger accommodation of motor vehicle, and it is provided with:

-one contacting zone (200), in this contacting zone, the conductor cable (2) that is used for the feed-in electric energy is connected conductively with described at least one conductor cable (1) that is used to heat this thermal treatment zone (100), and

-at least one extra conductor (3), it constitutes at least a portion of the electric cross-over connection lead of this failure site of cross-over connection on a failure site when at least one partial failure of these conductor cables (1,2).

5. according to the electrical heating elements (20) of one of claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: be provided with at least one electrical conductor cable (10), this conductor cable has at least one thread interior cable (12) and at least one wraps up the jacket layer (14) of cable (12) in this at least in part, and this jacket layer (14) is conducted electricity.

6. according to the heating element (20) of one of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: be provided with at least one the electrically heated thermal treatment zone (100) and at least one electrical conductor cable (1,2), this conductor cable is set for and is arranged at least in part in the zone that is subjected to mechanical load; And heating element (20) has at least one and opens circuit-conductor cable (4,4 '), and its mechanical stability, especially its tensile strength and/or anti-reversed bending strength cause the shutoff of heating element (20) than the little of first conductor cable (1,2) and its inefficacy.

7. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: this heating element (20) has and is used to heat and/or a plurality of conductor cables (1 of the electric energy of feeding, 2), they preferably reach preferably to the almost parallel extension each other and arrange circuitously, they in contacting zone (200) with other type at least one, preferred a plurality of conductor cables (1,2) are electrically connected; Being used to feed, preferably the edge (5) of (100) extends and is electrically connected with described at least one heater (1) there along the thermal treatment zone on section ground at least for this of electric energy or these conductor cables (2).

8. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: this heating element (20) has a spot of conductor cable that is used to heat (1), preferably is less than 6, preferably is less than 3, preferably only is 1 conductor cable (1,10); Described conductor cable (1) is disposed in the thermal treatment zone (100) with repeatedly changing direction; Each is combined two ends of described conductor cable (1) by bunchy ground in the end of a position and additional conductors cable (1) and the utmost point preferably respectively being connected lead (50) with a power lead (6) and/or one is connected.

9. according to one heating element (20) in the above claim, it is characterized in that: at least generally along a layout of these conductor cables (1,2), it preferably has at least one conductor cable (3a) at least one extra conductor (3) equally; It and the conductor cable (1,2) that is used to heat/feed electric energy electric contact connection at least indirectly at least two positions that are spaced apart from each other; Its preferred this conductor cable (1,2) relatively is with another kind of type configuration, especially on its structure, on the employed material and/or on the spatial placement that is subjected to load area in view of heating element.

10. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: should or these extra conductor (3)/conductor cable (3a) edge (5) of (100) extends to reach and preferably is electrically connected with at least two heaters (1) there along the thermal treatment zone on section ground at least.

11. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: at least one extra conductor (3)/conductor cable (3a) is section ground, preferred tortuous and preferably be roughly parallel to and be used to heat and/or a conductor cable of the electric energy of feeding is arranged (1,2) at least; And/or extra conductor (3)/conductor cable (3a) is used to heat and/or the conductor cable (1,2) of the electric energy of feeding is electrically connected with a plurality of, preferably is connected in contacting zone (200).

12. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: the feed part of conductor cable (2) of electric energy of at least a portion of at least a portion of the conductor cable that is used to heat (1) and extra conductor (3) and/or be used to contacts, especially intersect, so that constitute a plurality of distributing points (33), the conductor cable (1) that electric current can be used to heat by conductor cable that is used for feed (2) and/or extra conductor (3) feed-in on these distributing points, and/or in order to constitute a plurality of cross-over connection sections (42), electric current can be imported this extra conductor (3) and lead back this conductor cable (2) again after disconnecting the position by these cross-over connection sections by described conductor cable (2) before disconnecting the position when a conductor cable (2) disconnects.

13. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: at least one extra conductor (3) only indirectly, especially only the one or more sections as cross-over connection section (42) by conductor cable (1,2) are connected with a power supply (70) and preferred and a power lead (6) and/or a plurality of to be connected lead (50) spaced apart.

14. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: at least one conductor cable (1,2,3a) have at least one electrical conductor cable (10), especially a single-cable (16), described conductor cable have at least one thread interior cable (12) and at least one wrap up at least in part in this jacket layer (14) cable (12) and preferred conduction and/or described conductor cable have nickel plated carbon fiber or basically by nickel alloy or pure nickel, especially as multifilament cable-form.

15. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: cable (12) has a kind of material at least one, and this material can be heat-resisting at least 75 ℃, preferably to 150 ℃, preferably to 300 ℃, preferably to 500 ℃ or preferably to 1000 ℃.

16. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: interior cable (12) can be metallized; Jacket layer (14) is applied to with electroplating, and interior cable (12) is gone up and/or jacket layer (14) is connected with interior cable (12) material sealedly.

17. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: the material of interior cable (12) can be spinned maybe can be drawn as silk or metal wire, be preferably the silk that has less than the thickness of 100 μ m, this thickness is preferably less than 10 μ m, preferably less than 1 μ m, preferably less than 0.1 μ m, preferably less than 0.01 μ m, and/or the thickness of jacket layer (14) is between 0.2 and 2 μ m, preferably between 0.5 and 1.5 μ m, preferably between 0.8 and 1.2 μ m; And/or single-cable (16) and/or conductor cable (1,2,3a) have less than 1mm, preferably less than 0.1mm, preferably less than the thickness of 10mm.

18. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: interior cable (12) at least by share ground by a kind of-preferred elastomeric and tension is disconnected-plastics make,-preferably fully with preferably pressing share at least-by a kind of thermoplastics, polyamide, carbon fiber, polypropylene, polyester, polyimides and/or glass fibre are formed, and/or be made up of steel by share ground at least, and/or the material of interior cable (12) has the higher intensity and/or the remarkable high material value of anti-alternating bending and/or has tension or the compression strength littler than the material of jacket layer (14).

19. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: jacket layer (14) has a chemically inactive surface under environmental condition usually, points to the surface of outer (internal mutually cable) at least at it.

20. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: jacket layer contains metal, preferably make by a kind of alloy, nickel, silver, copper and/or gold by share ground at least, preferably make by the alloy that constitutes by silver, copper, gold and/or nickel fully basically with phosphorus share; Jacket layer (14) has a kind of metal, and this metallic surface can be passivated and/or the surperficial oxidized and/or chromic acid passivation of jacket layer (14).

21., it is characterized in that according to one heating element in the above claim: the face coat of jacket layer (14), especially with plastics and/or lacquer and/or use polyurethanes, PVC, PTFE, PFA and/or polyester coatings by share ground at least.

22. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: at least one conductor cable (1,2,3a, 10) has a plurality of single-cables (16), preferably more than 5, and preferably more than 50, preferably more than 100, or preferably more than 300.

23. heating element according to claim 22, it is characterized in that: a plurality of single-cables (16) and/or conductor cable (1,2,3a, 10) section ground electrically insulated from one another at least, preferred mode is insulated by the insulating barrier (18) on its jacket layer (14) at least in part at least one single-cable (16); And/or conductor cable (10) and/or a uniconductor (16) at least section ground by a kind of adhesives (72), especially a kind of heat-activatable adhesives jacket.

24. the heating element according to one of claim 22 or 23 is characterized in that: a plurality of single-cables (16) are combined into a cable bundles (17); And the bundle of preferred a plurality of cable bundles (17) and/or a plurality of cable bundles (17) is combined into a total bundle (19) again, wherein, conductor cable (10) and/or at least one single-cable (16) preferably have the spirality spatial placement, preferably by stranded, twisted or twisting bunchy each other.

25. according to one heating element in the claim 22 to 24, it is characterized in that: the bundle of described conductor cable (10), a cable bundles (17), a plurality of cable bundles (17) and/or the diameter of described total bundle (19) limit by a restraint device; Heat transmission between cable/Shu Yuqi surrounding environment preferably is changed thus at most a little, preferred its mode is, this restraint device has the auxiliary cables that a spirality is twined this conductor cable (10) or cable bundles (17) or total bundle (19), this auxiliary cables is preferred make by electric conducting material by share ground at least and/or in auxiliary cables the gap ratio auxiliary cables between two adjacent threaded line diameter mostly doubly.

26., it is characterized in that according to one heating element in the above claim: the resistance that conductor cable (2,3a, 10) and/or single-cable (16) have 0 and 3 Ω/m between, preferably 0 and 2 Ω/m between, preferably 0.1 and 0.3 Ω/m between; And/or at least one be used to heat resistance that the conductor cable (1) of this heating element (20) has 0.1 and 3 Ω/m between, preferably 0.2 and 0.5 Ω/m between.

27. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: conductor cable (1,2,3a, 10) can be formed in knitted fabric and/or the braid; It is set on the fabric and is fixed on the fabric by an additional sewing or litzendraht wire; It is sewn in the fabric as sewing thread; And/or it and at least one adhering fabric and/or be bonded between two tissue layer.

28., it is characterized in that: heating element (20) and/or conductor cable (1,2 according to one heating element in the above claim, 3a, 10) be set near surface in the seat sidepiece of an automobile seats at least in part, wherein, this conductor cable (10) is preferred for heating.

29., it is characterized in that according to one heating element in the above claim: these open circuit-and at least one of conductor cable (4,4 ') be at least partially disposed in the zone that is subjected to mechanical load identical with first conductor cable (1,2) equally; Preferably open circuit-conductor cable (4,4 ') at least in part, at least roughly follow being provided with of first conductor cable (1,2) with moving towards.

30. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: the ratio conductivity of open circuit-conductor cable (4,4 ') and/or absolute conductivity be equally high with first conductor cable (1,2) at least, is preferably twice, is preferably four times high.

31. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: these open circuit-conductor cable (4,4 ') at least one be relative first conductor cable (1 in section ground at least, 2) electric insulation and/or preferred spacing is arranged with it setting are preferably on mutual relative (surface) side of a layered vector (8).

32. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: first conductor cable (1,2) differently is provided with the trend of a straight line, is preferably zigzag and/or indentation; Compare with it, these open circuit-conductor cable (4,4 ') at least one and the straight line trend is very little differently is provided with, preferably roughly be provided with point-blank.

33., it is characterized in that according to one heating element in the above claim: these open circuit-and at least one and described first conductor cable (1,2) of conductor cable (4) in series be electrically connected.

34. according to one heating element in the above claim, it is characterized in that: these open circuit-at least one of conductor cable (4 ') be by a monitoring device (80) monitoring, when this open circuit-when conductor cable lost efficacy, monitoring device turn-offed heating element (20).