CN1909930B - 转谷氨酰胺酶介导的肽的接合 - Google Patents
转谷氨酰胺酶介导的肽的接合 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1909930B CN1909930B CN200580002897.0A CN200580002897A CN1909930B CN 1909930 B CN1909930 B CN 1909930B CN 200580002897 A CN200580002897 A CN 200580002897A CN 1909930 B CN1909930 B CN 1909930B
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Abstract
提供使肽接合的方法,包括i)在有能够将所述化合物掺入到肽中的转谷氨酰胺酶存在的条件下,使肽与含官能团的第一化合物反应,形成氨基转移肽,并ii)使所述氨基转移肽与,例如,能够与在酶反应中掺入到肽中的官能团反应的官能化聚合物反应。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种用于肽翻译后接合的新方法,其中转谷氨酰胺酶用于在肽中掺入可选择性连接另一基团的连接点。所述接合肽的特性发生了改变且因此用于治疗性应用或它们可使所述肽的分析或分离和纯化更为容易。
发明背景
通过将改变肽的性质的基团与肽接合而修饰肽的性质和特性是熟知的。这种接合通常要求肽中的一些官能团与接合基团中的另一官能团反应。通常,氨基,如N-末端氨基或赖氨酸中的ε-氨基已经与适宜的酰化试剂联合使用。常常需要甚或要求能够控制接合反应,即控制在哪里连接接合化合物和控制连接多少接合基团。这通常被称作特异性。
本发明的目的是提供一种可以高度特异性使肽接合的方法。一般而言,该方法利用能够将含适宜官能团的化合物掺入到肽中的酶,例如,转谷氨酰胺酶,其中所述官能团随后被用作接合点。
长时间以来,已经大体知晓了肽的接合,且US4,179,337在20多年前已公开了与聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇接合的肽。
已经公开了不同类型的化学过程,其对于在肽和与肽接合的部分之间形成键是有效的。EP605963公开了将与醛基团形成肟键的含水聚合物移植到蛋白上。天然氨基酸均不含醛,因此在接合过程的第一步中羟基须被氧化。WO96/41813公开了被用于接合反应中的氨基-氧肟形成基团官能化的聚合物。WO98/05363公开了含肽和水溶性聚合物的化合物,其中两者通过N-末端氨基酸残基的肟键共价键合。
此外,已知酶的使用能够更特异性使肽接合。EP243929公开了使用蛋白酶,如羧肽酶将具有官能团的化合物掺入到肽的C-末端中,其中所述官能团可随后被用作与帮助肽分析的细胞毒素基团,其它肽或报道基团,如荧光基团连接的点。然而,该技术限制了与C-末端氨基酸残基连接的点,如果C-末端残基对于肽的活性而言很重要,则有时构成严重的限制。
转谷氨酰胺酶先前已经用于改变肽的性质。在食品工业且特别是牛奶工业中,许多技术都是可利用的,例如,使用转谷氨酰胺酶使肽交叉结合。其它文献公开了使用转谷氨酰胺酶改变生理学活性肽的性质。EP950665、EP785276和Sato,Adv.DrugDeliveryRev.,54,487-504,2002公开了在有转谷氨酰胺酶存在的条件下,含有至少一个Gln的肽与胺-官能化的PEG或相似配体之间的直接反应,且Wada在Biotech.Lett.,23,1367-1372,2001中公开了利用转谷氨酰胺酶使β-乳球蛋白与脂肪酸直接接合。
发明概述
本发明人吃惊地发现酶,如转谷氨酰胺酶可用于在肽中掺入一个或多个肽中不易接近的官能团,从而形成官能化肽,且发现该官能化肽可随后与另一化合物反应,所述另一化合物含有接合部分和一个或多个能够与掺入到肽中的一个或多个官能团反应,但不与存在于肽中的其它官能团反应的官能团。
这类方法能够提供高度特异性,因为转谷氨酰胺酶可仅催化在作为转谷氨酰胺酶底物的氨基酸残基处掺入化合物,且对官能团进行了选择,使它们仅彼此反应,而不与肽中可接近的其它官能团反应。以这种方式,接合部分仅在可控的部位或地方连接,且通过选择官能团,可控制接合基团的数目。
因此在其中一个实施方案中,本发明人提供一种使肽接合的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤
i)在一个或多个步骤中,在能够催化第一化合物掺入到所述肽中的转谷氨酰胺酶存在的条件下,使肽与含一个或多个构成所述肽的任意氨基酸残基中不易接近的官能团或潜在官能团的所述第一化合物反应,从而形成官能化肽;和
ii)任选活化所述潜在官能团;和
iii)在一个或多个步骤中,使所述官能化肽与含一个或多个官能团的第二化合物反应,其中所述官能团不与构成所述肽的氨基酸残基中易接近的官能团反应,且其中所述第二化合物中的所述官能团能够与所述第一化合物中的所述官能团反应,从而在所述官能化肽与所述第二化合物之间形成共价键。
本发明的目的是提供通过本发明方法接合的肽。
本发明另一目的提供以某种方式被修饰,从而更适于本发明方法的肽。
本发明另一目的是提供适用于本发明方法中的试剂和酶。
本发明另一目的提供含有通过本发明方法接合的肽的组合物,例如药物组合物。
本发明另一目的提供用于治疗的根据本发明方法接合的肽。
本发明另一目的提供用于疾病治疗的治疗方法,包括给予根据本发明方法制备的接合肽。
本发明另一目的提供根据本发明方法制备的接合肽在制备药物中的用途。
本发明另一目的提供一种通过根据本发明方法使所述肽接合而改进肽的药理学性质的方法。
定义
在本文中,“氨基转移”或类似说法表示谷氨酰胺侧链中的氮与来源于另一化合物的氮,特别是来源于另一含氮亲核试剂的氮交换的反应。
在本文中,术语“不易接近”表示缺少或某种意义上讲事实上缺少某物,使得其不能接近。当官能团在待接合的肽中不易接近时,表示该肽缺少所述官能团或,如果存在,在某些情况下,被屏敝参与反应。作为举例,所述官能团可被隐藏在肽结构中,从而被阻碍参与反应,或它可位于肽链的被受限柔性阻碍官能团参与反应的肽区域中。应认识到官能团是否易接近取决于反应条件。可预期在有变性剂存在的条件下或在高温条件下,肽可伸展从而使不易接近的官能团暴露出来。应了解“不易接近”是指“在根据特定的目标反应选择的反应条件下不易接近”。
在本文中,术语“肟键”表示式-C=N-O-的部分。
在本文中,术语“腙键”表示式-C=N-N-的部分。
在本文中,术语“苯腙键”表示式
在本文中,术语“缩氨基脲键”表示式-C=N-N-C(O)-N-的部分。
术语“烷烃”表示饱和、直链、支链和/或环状烃。除非用另外的碳原子数详细说明,该术语表示具有1-30(包括两端值)个碳原子,如1-20(包括两端值),如1-10(包括两端值),例如1-5(包括两端值);或15-30个碳原子(包括两端值)的烃。
术语“烯烃”表示含至少一个碳-碳双键的直链、支链和/或环状烃。除非用另外的碳原子数详细说明,该术语表示具有2-30(包括两端值)个碳原子,如2-20(包括两端值),如2-10(包括两端值),例如2-5(包括两端值);或15-30个碳原子(包括两端值)的烃。
术语“炔烃”表示含至少一个碳-碳三键的直链、支链和/或环状烃,且它可任选含一个或多个碳-碳双键。除非用另外的碳原子数详细说明,该术语表示具有2-30(包括两端值)个碳原子,如2-20(包括两端值),如2-10(包括两端值),如2-5(包括两端值);或15-30个碳原子(包括两端值)的烃。
术语“碳环芳香化合物”表示芳香烃,如苯和萘。
术语“杂环化合物”表示含5、6或7个环原子的环状化合物,其中1、2、3或4个是选自N,O和/或S的杂原子。杂环芳香化合物的例子包括噻吩,呋喃,吡喃,吡咯,咪唑,吡唑,异噻唑,异唑,吡啶,吡嗪,嘧啶,哒嗪,以及它们部分或全部氢化的等价物,如哌啶,吡唑烷(pirazolidine),吡咯烷,吡咯啉(pyroline),咪唑烷,咪唑啉,哌嗪和吗啉。
术语“杂烷烃”,“杂烯烃”和“杂炔烃”表示上面限定的烷烃、烯烃和炔烃,其中在所述部分的结构中插入了一个或多个杂原子或基团。杂基团和原子的例子包括-O-,-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O)2-,-C(O)--C(S)-和-N(R*)-,其中R*代表氢或C1-C6-烷基。杂烷烃的例子包括。
术语“(根)基团”或“二(根)基团”表示已经分别从中除去一个或两个氢原子的化合物。当具体说明时,(根)基团还可表示通过形式上除去化合物中原子较大的基团,例如,羟基所形成的部分。
术语“卤素”表示周期表第七主族的成员,例如,F,Cl,Br和I。
术语“PEG”表示约100-约1,000,000Da分子量的聚乙二醇,包括其类似物,其中,例如末端OH-基已被烷氧基,如甲氧基、乙氧基或丙氧基取代。具体而言,其中末端-OH已被甲氧基取代的PEG称作mPEG。
术语“mPEG”(或更优选“mPEG基”)是指下列结构的多分散或单分散基团
其中m是大于1的整数。因此,其中m为90的mPEG具有3991Da,即,约4kDa的分子量。同样,具有20kDa平均分子量的mPEG具有454的平均m。由于生产mPEG的过程,这些分子常常具有分子量的分布。这种分布由多分散性指数描述。
此处所用术语“多分散性指数”是指重均分子量与数均分子量之间的比,如聚合物化学领域已知的那样(见,例如,“PolymerSynthesisandCharacterization”,J.A.Nairn,UniversityofUtah,2003)。多分散性指数是大于或等于1的数值,且它可根据GelPermeationChromatgraphic数据估计。当多分散性指数为1时,产物是单分散性的,且因此由具有单一分子量的化合物组成。当多分散性指数大于1时,它是该聚合物多分散性的度量,即,具有不同分子量的聚合物广泛分布。
化学式、化合物名称或分子结构中“mPEG20000”的使用表示其中mPEG是多分散性的且具有约20kDa分子量的mPEG残基。
多分散性指数通常随着PEG或mPEG的分子量而增加。当提到20kDaPEG,特别是20kDamPEG时,表示具有低于1.06,如低于1.05,如低于1.04,如低于1.03,如1.02-1.03的多分散性指数的化合物(或事实上是化合物的混合物)。当提到30kDaPEG,特别是30kDamPEG时,表示具有低于1.06,如低于1.05,如低于1.04,如低于1.03,如1.02-1.03的多分散性指数的化合物(或事实上是化合物的混合物)。当提到40kDaPEG,特别是40kDamPEG时,表示具有低于1.06,如低于1.05,如低于1.04,如低于1.03,如1.02-1.03的多分散性指数的化合物(或事实上是化合物的混合物)。
在本文中,词语“肽”和“蛋白”交换使用且表示相同含义。术语“肽”表示具有通过肽键连接的两个或多个氨基酸残基的化合物。氨基酸可以是天然的或非天然的。该术语还包括被其它肽、糖、脂类、或其它有机化合物取代的所述化合物,以及其中一个或多个氨基酸残基已被化学修饰的化合物。该术语还包括与辅基连接的肽。具体而言,肽发挥生理学如治疗活性。
在本文中,术语“芳基”表示碳环芳香环基团或稠合的碳环系统基团,其中至少一个环是芳香的。典型的芳基包括苯基,联苯基,萘基,四氢萘基等。
此处所用术语“杂芳基”,单独或结合,表示例如具有5-7个环原子的芳环基团,或具有例如7-18个环原子的稠合芳环系统基团,其中至少一个环是芳香的且含有一个或多个作为环原子的、选自氮、氧或硫杂原子的杂原子,其中N-氧化物和硫一氧化物及硫二氧化物是允许的杂芳香取代。例子包括呋喃基,噻吩基,苯硫基,吡咯基,咪唑基,吡唑基,三唑基,四唑基,噻唑基,唑基,异唑基,二唑基,噻二唑基,异噻唑基,吡啶基,哒嗪基,吡嗪基,嘧啶基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,苯并呋喃基,苯并苯硫基,吲哚基,和吲唑基等。
术语“接合”作为名词表示被修饰的肽,即具有与它键合的部分,从而修饰所述肽性质的肽。作为动词,该术语表示一个部分与肽键合,从而修饰所述肽性质的过程。
此处所用术语“前体药物”表示不具有或并非必需具有治疗活性,但在给药后,通过在肌体内发生的反应而转化成治疗活性化合物的化合物。通常,这类反应是水解,例如,通过酯酶或氧化。前体药物的例子包括生物可水解的酰胺和生物可水解的酯且还包括a)其中这类前体药物中的生物可水解的官能度包含在本发明化合物中的化合物和b)给定官能团可被生物氧化或还原,从而得到本发明药物的化合物。这些官能团的例子包括1,4-二氢吡啶,N-烷基羰基-1,4-二氢吡啶,1,4-环己二烯,叔-丁基等。
此处所用术语“生物可水解的酯”是药物(incasu,本发明化合物)的酯,其a)不会阻碍母体物质的生物学活性,但可赋予该物质有益的体内活性,如作用的持续时间,作用的起效等,或b)是非生物活性的,但很容易被受治疗者体内转化成生物活性成分。优点是,例如增加溶解度或生物可水解酯自肠口服吸收并在血浆中转化成本发明化合物。这类的许多例子都是本领域已知的且包括低级烷基酯(例如,C1-C4),低级酰氧基烷基酯,低级烷氧基酰氧基烷基酯,烷氧基酰氧基酯,烷基酰氨基烷基酯和胆碱酯。
此处所用术语“生物可水解的酰胺”是药物(incasu,本发明的化合物)的酰胺,其a)不会阻碍母体物质的生物活性,但赋予该物质有益的体内性质,如作用持续时间、作用的起效等,或b)是生物非活性的,但很容易被受治疗者体内转化成生物活性成分。优点是,例如增加溶解度或生物可水解的酰胺自肠口服吸收并在血浆中转化成本发明化合物。这类的许多例子都是本领域已知的且包括低级烷基酰胺,α-氨基酸酰胺,烷氧酰基酰胺和烷氨基烷羰基酰胺。
在本文中,术语“药学可接受的盐”表示对患者无害的盐。这类盐包括药学可接受的酸加成盐,药学可接受的金属盐,铵和烷基化铵盐。酸加成盐包括无机酸以及有机酸的盐。适宜无机酸的代表性例子包括盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、磷酸、硫酸、硝酸等。适宜有机酸的代表性例子包括甲酸、乙酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、苦杏仁酸、草酸、苦味酸、丙酮酸、水杨酸、琥珀酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、酒石酸、抗坏血酸、扑酸、双亚甲基水杨酸、乙二磺酸、葡萄糖酸、柠康酸、天门冬氨酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、EDTA、乙醇酸、对-氨基苯甲酸、谷氨酸、苯磺酸、对-甲苯磺酸等。药学可接受的无机或有机酸加成盐的其它例子包括J.Pharm.Sci.1977,66,2等中所列的药学可接受的盐,其引入此处作为参考。金属盐的例子包括锂、钠、钾、镁盐等。铵和烷基化铵盐的例子包括铵、甲铵、二甲铵、三甲铵、乙铵、羟乙铵、二乙铵、丁铵、四甲铵盐等。
此处所用“治疗有效量”的化合物是指足以治愈、减轻或部分抑制已知疾病的临床表现及其并发症的用量。足以实现该目的之用量被定义为“治疗有效量”。用于各目的的有效量取决于疾病或损伤的严重程度以及受治疗者的体重和一般状况。应了解可使用常规实验,通过在矩阵中构造数值和不同试验点的矩阵确定适宜剂量,这是受过培训的医师或兽医普通技术人员已知的。
此处所用术语“治疗”和“治疗”是指用于对抗状况,如疾病或病症目的的患者的处理和护理。该术语包括患者所遭受的已知状况的全部治疗范围,如给予活性化合物以减轻症状或并发症、延迟疾病、病症或状况的发展、减轻或缓解症状和并发症、和/或治愈或消除疾病、病症或状况以及预防该状况,其中预防应理解为用于对抗疾病、状况、或病症目的的患者的处理和护理且包括给予活性化合物,以预防症状或并发症发作。所治疗的患者优选哺乳动物,特别是人,但还可包括动物,如狗、猫、牛、羊和猪。
发明描述
转谷氨酰胺酶(E.C.2.3.2.13)也被称作蛋白-谷氨酰胺-γ-谷氨酰基转移酶,催化一般反应
在一个实施方案中,Q-C(O)-NH2(胺受体)代表含谷氨酰胺的肽且Q’-NH2(胺供体)代表第一化合物,如上所示,或Q-C(O)-NH2代表上述第一化合物且Q’-NH2代表含赖氨酸的肽。在具体实施方案中,然而,Q-C(O)-NH2代表含谷氨酰胺的肽且Q’-NH2代表上述第一化合物。
体内常用的胺供体是结合肽的赖氨酸,且上述反应提供肽的交叉-键合。凝血因子XIII是一种转谷氨酰胺酶,其影响损伤后血液的凝结。不同的转谷氨酰胺酶彼此不同,例如不同之处在于,作为底物的蛋白需要Gln周围的不同氨基酸残基,即不同的转谷氨酰胺酶具有不同的含Gln的肽作为底物,这取决于什么氨基酸残基与Gln残基相邻。如果待被修饰的肽含有不止一个Gln残基,则可利用该方面。如果希望仅在存在的一些Gln残基上选择性使肽接合,则该选择性可根据转谷氨酰胺酶的选择获得,所述酶其仅接受相关的Gln残基作为底物。可选择性地,可改变接近Gln的一个或多个氨基酸残基,例如,通过基因工程方式修饰给定转谷氨酰胺酶对所述Gln残基的活性。
应认识到化合物是否是给定酶的底物原则上取决于反应条件,例如,时间范围。假设有充足的时间,许多通常不被认为是底物的化合物,事实上,是底物。当如上述相对于给定转谷氨酰胺酶,一些Gln残基可以是底物,而其它不是,意在表明“其它不是”的程度是仍然可获得所需选择性。如果一个或多个Gln残基,其需要保持未接合,事实上是,转谷氨酰胺酶的底物,然而,如果仅与转谷氨酰胺酶接触一段较长时间,则选择性可通过在适宜时间后,除去或灭活转谷氨酰胺酶而获得。
有用的转谷氨酰胺酶的例子包括微生物转谷氨酰胺酶,如来源于茂原链霉菌(Streptomycesmobaraense),肉桂链霉菌(Streptomycescinnamoneum)和灰肉色链霉菌(Streptomycesgriseocarneum)(所有均在US5,156,956中公开,其引入此处作为参考),和淡紫灰链霉菌(Streptomyceslavendulae)(在US5,252,469中公开,其引入此处作为参考)和拉达卡链霉菌(Streptomycesladakanum)(JP2003199569,其引入此处作为参考)。应注意前属轮枝链霉菌属的成员现在包括在链霉菌属中[Kaempfer,J.Gen.Microbiol.,137,1831-1892,1991]。其它有用的微生物转谷氨酰胺酶已从枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)(在US5,731,183中公开,其引入此处作为参考)和各种粘液菌中分离出来。有用的微生物转谷氨酰胺酶的其它例子是在WO96/06931(例如,来源于利迪芽孢杆菌(Baciluslydicus)的转谷氨酰胺酶)和WO96/22366中公开的那些,两篇均引入此处作为参考。有用的非-微生物转谷氨酰胺酶包括豚鼠肝转谷氨酰胺酶,和来源于各种海产来源,像扁平鱼Pagrusmajor(在EP-0555649中公开,其引入此处作为参考),和日本牡蛎Crassostreagigas(在US5,736,356中公开,其引入此处作为参考)的转谷氨酰胺酶。
在一个实施方案中,Q’-NH2,即上述第一化合物,是含氮亲核试剂,其中亲核试剂理解为碱性、富含电子的化合物,其倾向攻击碳核。含氮亲核试剂可以是例如胺或含氧胺衍生物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及使肽接合的方法,其中在一个或多个步骤中,在有转谷氨酰胺酶存在的条件下,使由下式代表的含Gln残基的肽
与由下式代表的含氮亲核试剂(第一化合物)反应
H2N-D-R-X
形成下式氨基转移的肽
任选活化X中的所述潜在官能团,
使所述氨基转移的肽进一步与下式的第二化合物反应
Y-E-Z
形成下式的接合肽
其中D代表键或氧;
R代表连接基或键;
X代表含有一个或多个构成肽P-C(O)-NH2的氨基酸残基中不易接近的官能团或潜在官能团的基团;
Y代表含有一个或多个与存在于X中的官能团反应的官能团的基团,且该官能团不与肽P-C(O)-NH2中易接近的官能团反应;
E代表连接基或键;
A代表通过包含在X和Y中的官能团对之间反应形成的部分;且Z是待与肽接合的部分。
接合后,可通过本领域熟知的技术分离并纯化接合肽。该接合肽还可转化成药学可接受的盐或前体药物,如果相关。
具体而言,所述方法还可包括将所得接合肽配制成药物组合物的步骤。
在X和Y官能团之间的反应中形成的部分A原则上可以是任何种类,这取决于所需的最终接合肽的性质。在一些情况下,可能需要具有不稳定的键,其可在稍后阶段裂解,例如,通过某些酶作用或通过水解。在其它情况下,可能需要具有稳定的键,这样才可获得稳定的接合肽。具体是由胺衍生物和羰基之间反应形成的部分的类型,如肟,腙,苯腙和缩氨基脲部分。
在一个实施方案中,X和Y的官能团选自羰基,如酮和醛基,和氨基衍生物,如
肼衍生物-NH-NH2,
羧酸肼衍生物-O-C(O)-NH-NH2,
氨基脲衍生物-NH-C(O)-NH-NH2,
氨基硫脲衍生物-NH-C(S)-NH-NH2,
碳酸二酰肼衍生物-NHC(O)-NH-NH-C(O)-NH-NH2,
卡巴肼衍生物-NH-NH-C(O)-NH-NH2,
硫代卡巴肼衍生物-NH-NH-C(S)-NH-NH2,
芳肼衍生物-NH-C(O)-C6H4-NH-NH2,和
酰肼衍生物-C(O)-NH-NH2;或
烃氧基胺衍生物,如-O-NH2,-C(O)-O-NH2,-NH-C(O)-O-NH2和-NH-C(S)-O-NH2。
应了解,如果包含在X中的官能团是羰基,则包含在Y中的官能团是胺衍生物,反之亦然。由于绝大多数肽中均存在-NH2基团,如X含酮-或醛-官能度,则相信可获得更好选择性。
应了解包含在X中的官能团在某种意义上可以是潜在的,它在与Y-E-Z反应之前需要被活化。作为举例,X可包含与适宜试剂反应后转化成醛或酮的部分。这类部分的例子包括
其中R9代表H,C1-6烷基,芳基或杂芳基。具体的例子包括甲基、乙基和丙基。所述部分可通过用适宜试剂,如高碘酸盐氧化,或通过用含水酸水解而转化成醛或酮,任选有催化剂存在,如铜、银、或汞盐。
具体而言,式
H2N-D-R-X
的化合物(第一化合物)可选自4-(氨甲基)苯基乙酮,4-(2-氨乙基)苯基乙酮,N-(4-乙酰基苯基)2-氨基乙酰胺,1-[4-(2-氨基乙氧基)苯基]乙酮,1-[3-(2-氨基乙氧基)苯基]乙酮,1,4-双(氨氧基)丁烷,3-氧杂戊烷-1,5-二羟基胺,1,8-二氨氧基-3,6-二氧杂辛烷,1,3-双(氨氧基)丙-2-醇,1,11-双(氨氧基)-3,6,9-三氧杂十一烷,1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇,1,2-双-(氨氧基)乙烷,和1,3-双(氨氧基)丙烷。
氨基转移的化合物(第一化合物)和待与氨基转移肽反应的化合物(第二化合物)均分别含有连接基,R和E。这些连接基彼此独立,可以不存在或选自烷烃、烯烃或炔烃二根基团和杂烷烃,杂烯烃和杂炔烃二根基团,其中一个或多个任选取代的芳香碳环二根基团或杂环化合物的二根基团,例如亚苯基或哌啶二根基团可插入到前述二根基团中。应了解所述连接基还可包含选自羟基,卤素,硝基,氰基,羧基,芳基,烷基和杂芳基基团的取代。
E和R代表键或连接基,且在本文中,术语“连接基”表示分别将Y与Z分开和将X与NH2-D-分开的部分。连接基E和R的其中一个功能是在肽与接合部分Z之间的连接中提供适宜的柔性。E和R的典型例子包括直链,支链和/或环状C1-10亚烷基,C2-10亚烯基,C2-10亚炔基,C2-10杂亚烷基,C2-10杂亚烯基,C2-10杂亚炔基,其中可插入一个或多个碳环芳香化合物二根基团或杂环化合物二根基团。E和R的具体例子包括
其中*表示连接点。
需要对肽进行修饰可能有多种原因,这还反映在按照本发明方法与肽接合的化合物种类上。可能希望使肽接合而改变肽的物理-化学性质,如,增加(或降低)溶解度以改变治疗肽的生物可利用率。在另一实施方案中,可能希望通过使化合物与肽接合而改变肌体中的清除率,所述肽其结合血浆蛋白,如白蛋白,或其增加肽的大小以预防或延迟通过肾脏排出。接合还可改变且特别是降低肽对水解,例如,体内蛋白水解的敏感度。在另一实施方案中,可能希望接合一标记从而帮助分析肽。这种标记的例子包括放射性同位素、荧光标记和酶底物。在另一实施方案中,化合物与肽接合从而帮助分离肽。例如,可使对特定柱材料具有特异亲和性的化合物与肽接合。可能还希望改变肽的免疫原性,例如,通过接合肽而隐藏、遮蔽或掩盖肽的一个或多个免疫原性表位。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种改进肽药理学性质的方法。这种改进是相对于未接合的肽而言的。这种药理学性质的例子包括功能性体内半衰期、免疫原性、肾滤过、蛋白酶保护和白蛋白结合。
术语“功能性体内半衰期”以其标准含义使用,即,在肌体/靶器官中仍然存在50%的肽或接合肽活性的时间,或肽或接合肽的活性为其初始值50%的时间。作为测定功能性体内半衰期的一种选择,可测定“体内血浆半衰期”,即在被清除前,在血浆或血流中有50%肽或肽接合物循环的时间。血浆半衰期的测定较之测定功能性半衰期常常更为简单且血浆半衰期的数值通常是功能性体内半衰期数值的良好指征。血浆半衰期的可替代性术语包括血清半衰期、循环半衰期、血清清除率、血浆清除率和清除半衰期。
与功能性体内半衰期或血浆半衰期联合使用的术语“增加”用于表示肽接合物的相关半衰期相对于未接合(亲本)肽统计学显著增加,如在可比较的条件下测定的。例如,相关半衰期可增加至少约25%,如至少约50%,例如至少约100%,150%,200%,250%,或500%。在一个实施方案中,相对于亲本肽的半衰期,本发明的化合物显示半衰期增加至少约5h,优选至少约24h,更优选至少约72h,且最优选至少约7天。
体内血浆半衰期的测量可按照文献中描述的多种方式进行。体内血浆半衰期的增加可被量化为清除率(CL)降低或平均存留时间(MRT)增加。按照适宜测定法测定的,较之亲本肽的CL,CL降至低于70%,如低于50%,如低于20%,如低于10%的本发明接合肽的体内血浆半衰期增加。按照适宜测定法,较之亲本肽的MRT,MRT增加至超过130%,如超过150%,如超过200%,如超过500%的本发明接合肽的体内血浆半衰期增加。可使用适宜的试验动物,在标准药动学研究中评价清除率和平均存留时间。根据给定蛋白选择适宜的试验动物为本领域技术人员能力所及。在人类中进行试验,当然,代表了最终的试验。通常,且作为举例,给小鼠、大鼠、狗、猴子或猪注射目标化合物。注射的量取决于试验动物。随后,采集1-5天内的血液样品,根据需要评价CL和MRT。通常,利用ELISA技术分析血液样品。
术语化合物的“免疫原性”是指当给予人类时,化合物引发有害免疫反应的能力,无论是体液免疫、细胞免疫,还是两者皆可。在任何人类亚种群中,均可能存在对所给予的特定蛋白显示出敏感性的个体。免疫原性可使用本领域已知的常规方法,通过量化敏感个体中是否存在生长激素抗体和/或生长激素应答T-细胞而测量。在其中一个实施方案中,本发明的接合肽相对于亲本肽个体的免疫原性,在至少约10%,优选至少约25%,更优选至少约40%且最优选至少约50%的敏感个体中显示免疫原性降低。
此处所用术语“蛋白酶保护”或“受到保护的蛋白酶”表示本发明的接合肽较之亲本肽更耐血浆肽酶或蛋白酶。已知存在于血浆中的蛋白酶和肽酶涉及循环蛋白的降解。
蛋白质对例如二肽基氨基肽酶IV(DPPIV)所致降解的抗性是通过下列降解测定法测定的:37℃在100μL0.1M三乙胺-HCl缓冲液,pH7.4中,用1μL相当于5mU酶活性的纯化二肽基氨基肽酶IV培养蛋白等分试样(5nmol)。通过加入5μL10%三氟乙酸终止酶反应,分离蛋白降解产物并使用HPLC分析量化。根据Siegel等人,Regul.Pept.1999;79:93-102和Mentlein等人,Eur.J.Biochem.1993;214:829-35,用于进行该分析的一种方法是:将混合物上样于VydacC18大孔(30nm孔,5μm粒径)250×4.6mm柱上并以1ml/分钟的速率,用乙腈溶于0.1%三氟乙酸中的线性梯度逐步洗脱(0%乙腈3分钟,0-24%乙腈17分钟,24-48%乙腈1分钟)。可利用220nm(肽键)或280nm(芳香氨基酸)处的吸光度监测蛋白及其降解产物,并通过它们的峰面积相对于标准品的那些积分而量化。在培养时间评价二肽基氨基肽酶所致的蛋白水解率,其导致少于10%的肽被水解。在一个实施方案中,肽接合物的水解率低于亲本肽的70%,如低于40%,如低于10%。
哺乳动物种类循环血液中最丰富的蛋白成分是血清白蛋白,其通常以约3-4.5g/100毫升全血的浓度存在。血清白蛋白是约70,000道尔顿的血液蛋白,其在循环系统中具有若干重要功能。它作为血液中各种有机分子的转运蛋白,作为通过血液的各种代谢物(如脂肪酸和胆红素)的主要转运蛋白,且由于它的丰富,作为循环血液渗透调节剂。血清白蛋白具有超过1周的半衰期,且增加蛋白血浆半衰期的其中一个方法已经将蛋白与结合血清白蛋白的基团接合起来。白蛋白结合性可按J.Med.Chem,43,2000,1986-1992所述测定,其引入此处作为参考。
Z的具体例子包括含一个或多个标记,如荧光标记的基团,如荧光素基团,罗丹明基团,TexasRed基团和藻胆色素蛋白基团;酶底物,如对-硝基苯酚醋酸盐基团;和放射性同位素如Cu-64,Ga67,Ga-68,Zr-89,Ru-97,Tc-99,Rh-105,Pd-109,In-111,I-123,I-125,I-131,Re-186,Re-188,Au-198,Pb-203,At-211,Pb-212和Bi-212;有机部分,如PEG或mPEG基团及其氨基衍生物(包括直链和支链PEG及mPEG基团);直链,支链和/或环状C1-22烷基,C2-22烯基,C2-22炔基,C1-22杂烷基,C2-22杂烯基,C2-22杂炔基,其中可插入一个或多个碳环芳香化合物二根基团或杂环化合物二根基团,且其中所述C1-C22或C2-C22基团可任选被一个或多个选自羟基,卤素,羧基,杂芳基和芳基的取代基取代,其中所述芳基或杂芳基可任选被一个或多个选自羟基,卤素和羧基的取代基取代;甾族基团;脂类基团;多糖基团,例如葡聚糖;聚酰胺基团例如聚氨基酸基团;PVP基团;PVA基团;聚(1-3-二草脲酰胺);聚(1,3,6-三烷);乙烯/马来酸酐聚合物;Cibacron染料,如CibacronBlue3GA;规定长度的聚酰胺链,如WO00/12587中公开的,其引入此处作为参考;和羟烷基淀粉,如羟乙基淀粉,如WO03/074087和WO02/80979中公开的,两篇均引入此处作为参考,。
特别提到C10-20烷基,如C15和C17,且具体是直链C15和C17,及下式的二苯酮衍生物
特别提到如下面简图描述的含cibacronyl基团的Z
根据本发明,与肽接合的PEG或mPEG可以为任何分子量。具体而言,分子量可以为500-1000,000Da,如500-500,000Da,如500-100,000Da,如500-60,000Da,如1000-40,000Da,如5000-40,000Da。具体而言,可使用具有10,000Da-40,000Da,如20,000Da-40,000Da,如20,000-30,000Da或30,000-40,000Da分子量的PEG。特别是具有10,000,20,000,30,000或40,000Da分子量的PEG或mPEG。
Z可以是支链的,这样Z包含不止一个上述标记或基团。例如,mPEG40K通常使用两个各含mPEG20k的臂,以支链mPEG的形式获得。
在其中一个实施方案中,Z包含已知结合血浆蛋白,如白蛋白的一个或多个部分。化合物结合白蛋白的能力可按照J.Med.Chem,43,2000,1986-1992所述测定,其引入此处作为参考。在本文中,如果Ru/Da高于0.05,如高于0.10,如高于0.12甚或高于0.15,则定义化合物可结合白蛋白。
在本发明另一实施方案中,白蛋白结合部分是肽,如包含少于40个氨基酸残基的肽。许多较小的肽,它们是白蛋白结合部分,在J.BiolChem.277,38(2002)35035-35043中公开,其引入此处作为参考。
式Y-E-Z化合物的具体例子包括
其中mPEG具有20kDa分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa或30kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有20kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中mPEG具有10kDa的分子量,
其中上式中各k独立代表0-5的整数,即0,1,2,3,4或5。
正如“发明背景”部分中所讨论的,胺官能化的PEG或脂肪酸与含Gln的肽的直接接合是已知的。然而,它可从EP950665,EP785276,Sato,Adv.DrugDeliveryRev.,54,459-476,2002和Wada,Biotech.Lett.,23,1367-1372,2001中公开的实施例清楚看出,它需要明显过量(高达100-1000倍)的化合物与肽接合用于反应进行。这种过量构成了对技术或大规模反应实用性的限制。例如,具有较小多分散性指数的mPEG非常昂贵,且较大过量的需求在实践中不可能。此外,对于较大部分,例如PEG10kDa或PEG20kDa的接合而言,由于这种化合物的分子量,试剂过量100-1000倍是不可行的。大量PEG的存在可能使肽,即所接合的肽和转谷氨酰胺酶沉淀也是熟知的。与此相反,本发明的两步方法提供的有利之处在于酶步骤中需要大量过量的反应物是小分子,其即使过量也很容易处理。随着第二步中形成的键的适当选择,无需大量过量,因为例如,肟的形成在几乎等摩尔量的胺和酮-官能度下发生。
其它优点是制备“现成接合物”肽的可能性。肽可在有转谷氨酰胺酶存在的条件下,与适宜的亲核试剂(H2N-D-R-X)反应,产生官能化肽。所述官能化肽可根据需要储存,在以后与一种或多种第二化合物(Y-E-Z)反应,产生各种不同的接合肽。这可使一个官能化肽用于生产多个接合肽。以这种方式,可避免很多用于确定适宜反应条件的优化。
按照本发明方法,肽为转谷氨酰胺酶的底物。因此,要求肽含有Gln或Lys残基,特别是Gln残基。如果给定的肽不是转谷氨酰胺酶底物,则可在肽序列中插入一个或多个Gln或Lys残基,特别是Gln残基,以使肽成为转谷氨酰胺酶底物。原则上,这类Gln或Lys残基可插入到序列中的任何位置,然而,优选插入到肽的生理学,如治疗活性不受影响的位置,其程度不至于使肽不再有效,例如,在治疗干预方面不再有效。在肽中插入氨基酸残基可通过本领域技术人员已知的标准技术进行,如翻译后的化学修饰或转基因技术。
作为转谷氨酰胺酶底物的任何肽均可通过本发明方法接合,如酶、肽激素、生长因子、抗体、细胞因子、受体、淋巴因子和疫苗抗原,特别是治疗肽,如胰岛素,胰高血糖素样-肽1(GLP-1),胰高血糖素样-肽2(GLP-2),生长激素,细胞因子,三叶因子肽(TFF),肽黑色素皮质激素受体修饰物和因子VII化合物。
具体应用的胰岛素是人胰岛素。在本文中,术语“胰岛素”是指天然产生的胰岛素或重组产生的胰岛素。重组人胰岛素可在任何适宜的宿主细胞中产生,例如,宿主细胞可以是细菌、真菌(包括酵母)、昆虫、动物或植物细胞。许多胰岛素化合物已在文献中公开,且它们也特别用于本发明方法中。“胰岛素化合物”(和相关表达)是指人胰岛素,其中一个或多个氨基酸已经缺失和/或被其它氨基酸取代,包括,不可编码的氨基酸,和/或含附加氨基酸,即超过51个氨基酸的人胰岛素,和/或其中至少一个有机取代基与一个或多个氨基酸结合的人胰岛素。
提及下列专利文献作为胰岛素化合物的公开内容,其特别是可用于本发明提供的方法中。
WO97/31022(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了具有延长活性分布的胰岛素化合物,其中B-链N-末端氨基酸的氨基和/或LysB29的ε-氨基具有含亲脂取代基的羧酸。具体为NεB29-(CO-(CH2)14-COOH)人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)16-COOH)人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)18-COOH)人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)20-COOH);NεB29-(CO-(CH2)22-COOH)人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)14-COOH)AspB28-人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)16-COOH)AspB28-人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)18-COOH)AspB28-人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)20-COOH)AspB28-人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)22-COOH)AspB28-人胰岛素;NεB30-(CO-(CH2)14-COOH)ThrB29LysB30-人胰岛素;NεB30-(CO-(CH2)16-COOH)ThrB29LysB30-人胰岛素;NεB30-(CO-(CH2)18-COOH)ThrB29LysB30-人胰岛素;NεB30-(CO-(CH2)20-COOH)ThrB29LysB30-人胰岛素;NεB30-(CO-(CH2)22-COOH)ThrB29LysB30-人胰岛素;NεB28-(CO-(CH2)14-COOH)LysB28ProB29-人胰岛素;NεB28-(CO-(CH2)16-COOH)LysB28ProB29-人胰岛素;NεB28-(CO-(CH2)18-COOH)LysB28ProB29-人胰岛素;NεB28-(CO-(CH2)20-COOH)LysB28ProB29-人胰岛素;NεB28-(CO-(CH2)22-COOH)LysB28ProB29-人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)14-COOH)desB30人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)16-COOH)desB30人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)18-COOH)desB30人胰岛素;NεB29-(CO-(CH2)20-COOH)desB30人胰岛素;和NεB29-(CO-(CH2)22COOH)desB30人胰岛素。
WO96/29344(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了具有延长活性分布的胰岛素化合物,其中B-链N-末端氨基酸的氨基具有含12-40个相连碳原子的亲脂取代基,或其中B-链C-末端氨基酸的羧基具有含12-40个相连碳原子的亲脂取代基。
WO95/07931(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了具有延长活性分布的胰岛素化合物,其中LysB29的ε-氨基具有亲脂取代基。具体为NεB29-十三酰基脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GlyA21脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GlyA21脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GlyA21脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基GlyA21脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GlyA21GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GlyA21GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GlyA21GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基GlyA21GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基AlaA21脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基AlaA21脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基AlaA21脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基AlaA21脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基AlaA21GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基AlaA21GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基AlaA21GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基AlaA21GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基GlnB3脱(B30)人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GlyA21人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GlyA21人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GlyA21人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基GlyA21人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GlyA21GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GlyA21GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GlyA21GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基GlyA21GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基AlaA21人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基AlaA21人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基AlaA21人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基AlaA21人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基AlaA21GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基AlaA21GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基AlaA21GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基AlaA21GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基GlnB3人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GlyA21GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GlyA21GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GlyA21GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基GlyA21GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GlyA21GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GlyA21GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GlyA21GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基GlyA21GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基AlaA21GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基AlaA21GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基AlaA21GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基AlaA21GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基AlaA21GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基AlaA21GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基AlaA21GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十二酰基AlaA21GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十三酰基GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-十四酰基GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素,NεB29-癸酰基GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素和NεB29十二酰基GlnB3GluB30人胰岛素。
WO97/02043(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了激素非活性的胰岛素化合物,其用于胰岛素预防,且具体而言这类人胰岛素类似物选自脱A1人胰岛素;脱(A1-A2)人胰岛素;脱(A1-A3)人胰岛素;脱A21人胰岛素;脱(B1-B5)人胰岛素;脱(B1-B6)人胰岛素;脱(B23-B30)人胰岛素;脱(B24-B30)人胰岛素;脱(B25-B30)人胰岛素;GlyA2人胰岛素;AlaA2人胰岛素;NleA2人胰岛素;ThrA2人胰岛素;ProA2人胰岛素;D-alloIleA2人胰岛素;NvaA3人胰岛素;NleA3人胰岛素;LeuA3人胰岛素;ValA2,IleA3人胰岛素;AbuA2,AbuA3人胰岛素;GlyA2,GlyA3人胰岛素;D-CysA6人胰岛素;D-CysA6,D-CysA11人胰岛素;SerA6,SerA11,脱(A8-A10)人胰岛素;D-CysA7人胰岛素;D-CysA11人胰岛素;LeuA19人胰岛素;GlyB6人胰岛素;GluB12人胰岛素;AsnB12人胰岛素;PheB12人胰岛素;D-AlaB12人胰岛素;和AspB25人胰岛素,它们用于本发明的方法中。
WO92/15611(Novonordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了在胰岛素受体结合过程中具有快速的缔合速率常数且特征在于A13位含酪氨酸和/或B17位含苯并氨酸、色氨酸或酪氨酸的人胰岛素类似物。具体而言,这种类似物选自TyrA13人胰岛素,PheB17人胰岛素,TrpB17人胰岛素,TyrB17人胰岛素,TyrA13,PheB17人胰岛素,TyrA13,TrpB17人胰岛素,TyrA13,TyrB17人胰岛素,PheA13,PheB17人胰岛素,PheA13,TrpB17人胰岛素,PheA13,TyrB17人胰岛素,TrpA13,PheB17人胰岛素,TrpA13,TrpB17人胰岛素和TrpA13,TyrB17人胰岛素。.
WO92/00322(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了能够靶向特定组织且特征在于胰岛素分子中的A13位和/或B17位具有不同于亮氨酸的天然存在的氨基酸残基和/或在胰岛素分子中的B18位具有不同于缬氨酸的天然存在的氨基酸残基的人胰岛素类似物。具体而言,这种类似物选自AlaB17人胰岛素,AlaB18人胰岛素,AsnA13人胰岛素,AsnA13,AlaB17人胰岛素,AsnA13,AspB17人胰岛素,AsnA13,GluB17人胰岛素,AsnB18人胰岛素,AspA13人胰岛素,AspA13,AlaB17人胰岛素,AspA13,AspB17人胰岛素,AspA13,GluB17人胰岛素,AspB18人胰岛素,GlnA13人胰岛素,GlnA13,AlaB17人胰岛素,GlnA13,AspB17人胰岛素,GlnB18人胰岛素,GluA13人胰岛素,GluA13,AlaB17人胰岛素,GluA13,AspB17人胰岛素,GluA13,GluB17人胰岛素,GluB18人胰岛素,GlyA13人胰岛素,GlyA13,AlaB17人胰岛素,GlyA13,AsnB17人胰岛素,GlyA13,AspB17人胰岛素,GlyA13,GluB17人胰岛素,GlyB18人胰岛素,SerA13人胰岛素,SerA13,GlnA17,GluB10,GlnB17-des(ThrB30)人胰岛素,SerA13,AlaB17人胰岛素,SerA13,AsnB17人胰岛素,SerA13,AspB17人胰岛素,SerA13,GlnB17人胰岛素,SerA13,GluB17人胰岛素,SerA13,ThrB17人胰岛素,SerB14,AspB17人胰岛素,SerB18人胰岛素,ThrA13人胰岛素或ThrB18人胰岛素。
WO90/01038(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了具有较高生物活性且特征在于PheB25被His或Tyr取代,或在A4,A8,A17,A21,B9,B10,B12,B13,B21,B26,B27,B28和B30中一个或多个位置具有取代,且在任选缺少的B30位具有氨基酸残基的人胰岛素类似物。具体而言,这种类似物选自TyrB25人胰岛素,TyrB25,AspB28人胰岛素,HisB25人胰岛素,HisB25,AspB28人胰岛素,TyrB25人胰岛素-B30-酰胺和HisB25人胰岛素-B30-酰胺。
WO86/05496(NordiskGentofte)公开了具有延长作用且特征在于具有阻断的B30羧基,且在A4,A17,A21,B13和B21位的氨基酸残基中具有1-4个阻断羧基的人胰岛素类似物。具体而言,这种类似物选自胰岛素-B30-辛酯,胰岛素-B30-十二酰胺,胰岛素-B30-十六酰胺,胰岛素-(B21,B30)-二甲酯,胰岛素-(B17,B30)-二甲酯,胰岛素-(A4,B30)二酰胺,胰岛素-A17酰胺-B30-辛酯,胰岛素-(A4,B13)-二酰胺-B30-己酰胺,胰岛素-(A4,A17,B21,B30)-四酰胺,胰岛素-(A17,B30)-二酰胺,A4-Ala-胰岛素-B30-酰胺和B30-Leu-胰岛素-(A4,B30)-二酰胺。
WO86/05497(NordiskGentote),其引入此处作为参考,公开了A4,A17,B13和B21位4个氨基酸残基中的一个或多个含有不带电侧链的胰岛素化合物。具体是人胰岛素A17-Gln,人胰岛素A4-Gln,猪胰岛素B21-Gln,人胰岛素B13-Gln,人胰岛素(A17,B21)-Gln,人胰岛素A4-Ala,人胰岛素B21-Thr,人胰岛素B13-Val,人胰岛素-Thr-A17-Gln,人胰岛素B21-甲酯和人胰岛素A17-甲酯。
WO92/00321(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了具有延长活性的胰岛素化合物,其中在B-链的N-末端引入了正电荷。具体为ArgB5,SerA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB5,ProB6,SerA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB5,GlyA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB5,ProB6,GlyA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB2,SerA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB2,ProB3,SerA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB2,GlyA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB2,ProB3,GlyA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB2,ArgB3,SerA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB2,ArgB3,SerA21人胰岛素,ArgB4,ProB5,SerA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB4,ArB5,ProB6,GlyA21,ThrB30人胰岛素,ArgB3,GlyA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB3,SerA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB4,GlyA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB4,SerA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛和ArgB1,ProB2,GlyA21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素。
WO90/07522(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了在溶液中显示较低缔合能力的胰岛素化合物,其中B28位存在带正电的氨基酸残基,即,Lys或Arg。具体是脱[PheB25]-人胰岛素,脱[TyrB26]-人胰岛素,脱[ThrB27]-人胰岛素,脱[ProB28]-人胰岛素,脱[PheB25]-猪胰岛素,脱[ProB28]-猪胰岛素,脱[ProB28]-兔胰岛素,脱[PheB25],脱[ThrB30]-人胰岛素,脱[TyrB26],脱[ThrB30]-人胰岛素,[SerA21]-脱[ProB28]-人胰岛素,[GlyA21]-脱[ProB28]-人胰岛素,[GlyA21]-脱[PheB25]-人胰岛素,[AspA21]-脱[PheB25]-人胰岛素,[HisB25]-脱[TyrB26],脱[ThrB30]-人胰岛素,[AsnB25]-脱[TyrB26],脱[ThrB30]-人胰岛素,[AspA21]-脱[PheB25],脱[ThrB30]-人胰岛素,[AspB28]-脱[PheB25]人胰岛素,[AspB3]-脱[PheB25]-人胰岛素,[LysB28]-人胰岛素,[LysB28,ThrB29]-人胰岛素和[ArgB28]脱[LysB29]-人胰岛素。
WO90/11290(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了具有延长活性的胰岛素化合物。具体是[ArgA0]人胰岛素-(B30-酰胺),[ArgA0,GlnB13]-人胰岛素-(B30-酰胺),[ArgA0,GlnA4,AspA21]-人胰岛素-(B30-酰胺),[ArgA0,SerA21]-人胰岛素-(B30-酰胺)和[ArgA0,ArgB27]-脱[ThrB30]-人胰岛素。
WO90/10645(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了糖基化胰岛素。具体是Phe(B1)葡萄糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1)甘露糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1)甘露糖人胰岛素,Lys(B29)甘露糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1)半乳糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1)半乳糖人胰岛素,Lys(B29)半乳糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1)麦芽糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1)乳糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1)葡萄糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1)麦芽糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1)乳糖人胰岛素,Lys(B29)葡萄糖人胰岛素,Lys(B29)麦芽糖人胰岛素,Lys(B29)乳糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Phe(B1)二葡萄糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1,Lys(B29)二葡萄糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Lys(B29)二葡萄糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1)异麦芽糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1)异麦芽糖人胰岛素,Lys(B29)异麦芽糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1)麦芽三糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1)麦芽三糖人胰岛素,Lys(B29)麦芽三糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Phe(B1)二麦芽糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Lys(B29)二麦芽糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Lys(B29)二麦芽糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Phe(B1)二乳糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Lys(B29)二乳糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Lys(B29)二乳糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Phe(B1)二麦芽三糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Lys(B29)二麦芽三糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Lys(B29)二麦芽三糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Gly(A1)二甘露糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Lys(B29)二甘露糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Lys(B29)二甘露糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Gly(A1)二半乳糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Lys(B29)二半乳糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Lys(B29)二半乳糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Gly(A1)二异麦芽糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1),Lys(B29)二异麦芽糖人胰岛素,Gly(A1),Lys(B29)二异麦芽糖人胰岛素,Phe(B1)葡萄糖[AspB10]人胰岛素和Gly(A1),Phe(B1)二葡萄糖[AspB10]人胰岛素。
WO88/065999(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了稳定的胰岛素化合物,其中Ans21A已被其它氨基酸残基取代。具体为GlyA21人胰岛素,AlaA21人胰岛素,SerA21人胰岛素,ThrA21人胰岛素和hSerA21人胰岛素。
EP254516(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了具有延长作用的胰岛素化合物,其中碱性氨基酸残基已被中性氨基酸残基取代。具体为GlyA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,SerA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ThrA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,AlaB21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,HisA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,AspB21,LysB27,ThrB30-NN2人胰岛素,GlyA21,ArgB21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,SerA21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ThrA21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,AlaB21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,HisA21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,AspB21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,GlyA21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,SerB21,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,SerA21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,ThrA21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,AlaA21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,HisA21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,AspA21,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,GlyA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,SerA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,ThrA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,AlaA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,HisA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,AspA21,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,AsnA21,LysB27人胰岛素,SerA21,LysB27人胰岛素,ThrA21,LysB27人胰岛素,AlaA21,LysB27人胰岛素,HisA21,LysB27人胰岛素,AspA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlyA21,LysB27人胰岛素,AsnA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,SerA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,ThrA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,AlaA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,HisA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,AspA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,GlyA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,AsnA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,SerA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,ThrA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,AlaA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,HisA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,AspA21,ArgB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,GlyA21,ArB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,AsnA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,GlnA17,SerA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,GlnA17,ThrA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,GlnA17,AlaA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,GlnA17,HisA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,GlnA17,AspA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,GlnA17,GlyA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,ArgA27,AsnA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,ArgA27,SerA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,ArgA27,ThrA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,ArgA27,AlaA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,ArgA27,HisA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,ArgA27,AspA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,ArgA27,GlyA21,GlnB13人胰岛素,GlnA17,AsnA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,SerA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,ThrA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,AlaA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,HisA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,AspA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnA17,GlyA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnB13,AsnA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnB13,SerA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnB13,ThrA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnB13,AlaA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnB13,HisA21,LysB27人胰岛素,GlnB13,AspA21,LysB27人胰岛素,和GlnB13,GlyA21,LysB27人胰岛素。
EP214826(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了迅速起效的胰岛素化合物。
EP194864(NovoNordisk),其引入此处作为参考,公开了具有延长作用的胰岛素化合物,其中碱性氨基酸残基已被中性氨基酸残基取代。具体为GlnA17,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnA17,GlnB13,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnA17,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnA17,LysB27-NH2人胰岛素,GlnA17,GlnA17,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,LysB30-NH2人胰岛素,GlnB13,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB27,ArgB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB27,LysB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,LysB27,ArgB30-NH2人胰岛素,LysB27,LysB30-NH2人胰岛素,LysB27,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,LysB29-NH2,脱-(B30)人胰岛素,ThrB30-NH2人胰岛素,LysB30-NH2人胰岛素,LysB30(Lau)-NH2人胰岛素,LysB30,ArgB31-NH2人胰岛素,LysB30,LysB31-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB30-NH2人胰岛素,ArgB30,ArgB31-NH2人胰岛素,和ArgB30,LysB31-NH2人胰岛素。
US专利No.3,528,960(EliLilly),其引入此处作为参考,公开了N-羧基芳酰基胰岛素化合物,其中胰岛素分子的一个、两个或三个伯氨基具有羧基芳酰基。
GB专利No.1.492.997(Nat.Res.Dev.Corp.),其引入此处作为参考,公开了在NεB29处具有氨基甲酰基取代的、低血糖效应分布提高的胰岛素化合物。
JP未审公开专利申请No.1-254699(KodamaCo.,Ltd.),其引入此处作为参考,公开了胰岛素化合物,其中烷酰基与PheB1的氨基或LysB29的ε-氨基或这两者结合。
JP未审公开专利申请No.57-067548(Shionogi),其引入此处作为参考,公开了胰岛素化合物,其中B30位具有含至少5个碳原子的氨基酸,其无需用核苷酸三联体编码。
WO03/053339(EliLilly),其引入此处作为参考,公开了胰岛素化合物,其中N-末端的A-链已用两个氨基酸残基,A-1和A0延伸,其中B-链已经在N-末端用两个氨基酸残基B-1和B0延伸,其中B28,B29和B39位的氨基酸残基可被取代,且其中B28或B29位Lys的ε-氨基与带正电氨基酸的α-羧基共价结合,形成Lys-Nε-氨基酸衍生物。具体的所述类似物是其中A-1和B-1都没有,且其中A0代表Arg、B0代表Arg或没有。
选自i.其中B28位是Asp,Lys,Leu,Val,或Ala且B29位是Lys或Pro的类似物;和
ii.脱(B28-B30),脱(B27)或脱(B30)人胰岛素的胰岛素化合物也可用于本发明的方法中,且特别是其中B28位是Asp或Lys,且B29位是Lys或Pro的胰岛素化合物。
脱(B30)人胰岛素也可用于本发明的方法中。
其它可用的胰岛素化合物选自B29-Nε-肉豆蔻酰-脱(B30)人胰岛素,B29-Nε-棕榈酰-脱(B30)人胰岛素,B29-Nε-肉豆蔻酰人胰岛素,B29-Nε-棕榈酰人胰岛素,B28-Nε-肉豆蔻酰LysB28ProB29人胰岛素,B28-Nε-棕榈酰LysB28ProB29人胰岛素,B30-Nε-肉豆蔻酰-ThrB29LysB30人胰岛素,B30-Nε-棕榈酰-ThrB29LysB30人胰岛素,B29-Nε-(N-棕榈酰-γ-谷氨酰基)-脱(B30)人胰岛素,B29-Nε-(N-lithocholyl-γ-谷氨酰基)-脱(B30)人胰岛素,B29-Nε-(ω-羧基十七酰基)-脱(B30)人胰岛素,B29-Nε-(ω-羧基十七酰基)人胰岛素和B29-Nε-肉豆蔻酰-脱(B30)人胰岛素。
可用于本发明方法中的GLP-1的例子包括人GLP-1和GLP-1化合物。人GLP-1是一种来源于前原胰高血糖素(preproglucagon)的37个氨基酸残基肽,其是在回肠末端、胰腺和脑的L-细胞中合成的。GLP-1是一种重要的肠激素,在葡萄糖代谢和胃肠分泌及代谢方面具有调节功能。加工前原胰高血糖素得到GLP-1(7-36)-酰胺,GLP-1(7-37)和GLP-2主要存在于L-细胞中。片段GLP-1(7-36)-酰胺和GLP-1(7-37)都是葡萄糖-依赖性胰岛素向性(insulinotropic)剂。在过去十年,许多GLP-1的结构类似物都是从毒蜥蜴的毒液中分离出来的(毒蜥和珠毒蜥)。Exendin-4是一种从珠毒蜥的毒液中分离出来的39个氨基酸残基的肽,且该肽与GLP-1共有52%同源性。Exendin-4是一种有效的GLP-1受体激动剂,在注射到狗中后,其已经显示出刺激胰岛素释放并确保降低血液葡萄糖水平。GLP-1(0-37)和exendin-4(1-39)及其特定片段、类似物和衍生物(此处命名为GLP-1化合物)是有效的胰岛素向性剂,且它们全部可用于本发明的方法中。GLP-1(1-37)的胰岛素向性片段是胰岛素向性肽,其整个序列可在GLP-1(1-37)的序列中找到且至少一个末端氨基酸已经缺失。GLP-1(1-37)胰岛素向性片段的例子是GLP-1(7-37),其中GLP-1(1-37)的1-6位中的氨基酸残基已经缺失,和GLP-1(7-36),其中GLP-1(1-37)的1-6及37位的氨基酸残基已经缺失。exendin-4(1-39)的胰岛素向性片段的例子是exendin-4(1-38)和exendin-4(1-31)。化合物的胰岛素向性性可通过本领域熟知的体内或体外测定法测定。例如,可将化合物给予动物并随时间监测胰岛素浓度。GLP-1(1-37)和exendin-4(1-39)的胰岛素向性类似物分别是指一个或多个氨基酸残基已被其它氨基酸残基交换和/或一个或多个氨基酸残基缺失和/或加入一个或多个氨基酸残基的分子,条件是所述类似物是胰岛素向性或是胰岛素向性化合物的前体药物。GLP-1(1-37)胰岛素向性类似物的例予是,例如Met8-GLP-1(7-37),其中8位的丙氨酸已被甲硫氨酸取代且1-6位的氨基酸残基已缺失,和Arg34-GLP-1(7-37),其中34位的缬氨酸已被精氨酸取代且1-6位的氨基酸残基已缺失。exendin-4(1-39)的胰岛素向性类似物的例子是Ser2Asp3-exendin-4(1-39),其中2和3位的氨基酸残基已分别被丝氨酸和天门冬氨酸取代(该具体的类似物在本领域中也称为exendin-3)。GLP-1(1-37),exendin-4(1-39)的胰岛素向性衍生物及其类似物是本领域技术人员所认为的这些肽的衍生物,即,具有不存在于亲本肽分子中的至少一个取代基,条件是所述衍生物是胰岛素向性或是胰岛素向性化合物的前体药物。取代基的例子是酰胺、碳水化合物、烷基和亲脂取代基。GLP-1(1-37),exendin-4(1-39)的胰岛素向性衍生物及其类似物的例子是GLP-1(7-36)-酰胺、Arg34,Lys26(Nε-(γ-Glu(Nα-十六酰基)))-GLP-1(7-37)和Tyr31-exendin-4(1-31)-酰胺。GLP-1(1-37),exendin-4(1-39),及其胰岛素向性片段、胰岛素向性类似物和胰岛素向性衍生物的其它例子在WO98/08871,WO99/43706,US5424286和WO00/09666中描述,它们全部引入此处作为参考。
GLP-2和GLP-2化合物还可通过本发明提供的方法来修饰。在本文中,GLP-2化合物优选以低于1μM,例如低于100nM的亲和常数(KD)或效能(EC50)结合GLP-2受体。术语“GLP-2化合物”表示其中一个或多个氨基酸残基已经缺失和/或被其它天然或非天然的氨基酸残基取代的人GLP-2,和/或含附加氨基酸残基的人GLP-2,和/或其中至少一个有机取代基与一个或多个氨基酸残基结合的人GLP-2。具体而言,考虑其中氨基酸序列在33个连续氨基酸的任何序列上显示超过60%的人GLP-2氨基酸序列的那些肽。还考虑当氨基酸序列缺失多达4个氨基酸时,其中氨基酸序列在37个连续氨基酸的任何序列上显示超过60%的人GLP-2氨基酸序列的那些肽。还考虑当把多达2个氨基酸加入到它们的氨基酸序列中时,其中氨基酸序列在31个连续氨基酸的任何序列上显示超过60%的GLP-2氨基酸序列的那些肽。术语“GLP化合物”还包括可存在并存在于一个到另一个体的天然等位基因变异。且,糖基化或其它翻译后修饰的程度和位置可取决于所选择的宿主细胞及宿主细胞环境的性质。
候选GLP-2化合物,其可用于本发明,包括WO96/32414,WO97/39031,WO98/03547,WO96/29342,WO97/31943,WO98/08872中描述的GLP-2化合物,它们全部引入此处作为参考。
具体而言,下列GLP-2化合物适用于本发明的方法中。A2G-GLP-2(1-33);K30R-GLP-2(1-33);S5K-GLP-2(1-33);S7K-GLP-2(1-33);D8K-GLP-2(1-33);E9K-GLP-2(1-33);M10K-GLP-2(1-33);N11K-GLP-2(1-33);T12K-GLP-2(1-33);I13K-GLP-2(1-33);L14K-GLP-2(1-33);D15K-GLP-2(1-33);N16K-GLP-2(1-33);L17K-GLP-2(1-33);A18K-GLP-2(1-33);D21K-GLP-2(1-33);N24K-GLP-2(1-33);Q28K-GLP-2(1-33);S5K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);S7K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);D8K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);E9K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);M10K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);N11K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);T12K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);I13K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);L14K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);D15K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);N16K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);L17K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);A18K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);D21K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);N24K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);Q28K/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);K30R/D33K-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/S5K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/S7K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/D8K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/E9K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/M10K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/N11K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/T12K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/I13K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/L14K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/D15K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/N16K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/L17K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/A18K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/D21K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);D3E/N24K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);和D3E/Q28K/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33)。
仅有一个亲脂取代基与GLP-2肽相连的GLP-2衍生物也可用于本发明的方法中,如其中亲脂取代基含有4-40个碳原子,如8-25个碳原子,例如12-20个碳原子的GLP-2衍生物。
亲脂取代基可以下列方式于氨基酸残基相连,即亲脂取代基的羧基与氨基酸残基的氨基形成酰胺键。
作为举例,亲脂取代基与Lys残基相连。
亲脂取代基可以下列方式与氨基酸残基相连,即亲脂取代基的氨基与氨基酸残基的羧基形成酰胺键。
亲脂取代基还可通过间隔基与GLP-2肽相连,且所述间隔基可选自β-丙氨酸,γ-氨基丁酸(GABA),γ-谷氨酸,Lys,Asp,Glu,含Asp的二肽,含G1u的二肽,或含Lys的二肽。在本发明一个实施方案中,间隔基是β-丙氨酸。亲本GLP-2肽的羧基还可与间隔基的氨基形成酰胺键,且氨基酸或二肽间隔基的羧基与亲脂取代基的氨基形成酰胺键。
亲本GLP-2肽的氨基还可与间隔基的羧基形成酰胺键,且间隔基的氨基与亲脂取代基的羧基形成酰胺键。
在本发明一个实施方案中,亲脂取代基是直链或支链烷基。在本发明一个实施方案中,亲脂取代基是直链或支链脂肪酸的酰基。
在本发明一个实施方案中,亲脂取代基是直链或支链烷烃、α,ω-二羧酸的酰基。
在本发明一个实施方案中,GLP-2衍生物具有一个亲脂取代基。在本发明一个实施方案中,GLP-2衍生物具有两个亲脂取代基。
在本发明一个实施方案中,GLP-2衍生物具有三个亲脂取代基。在本发明一个实施方案中,GLP-2衍生物具有四个亲脂取代基。
下列列表包含具体用于本发明方法中的GLP-2衍生物。
S5K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
S7K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
D8K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
E9K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
M10K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
N11K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
T12K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
I13K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L14K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
D15K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
N16K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(辛酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(壬酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(癸酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十一酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十二酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十三酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十四酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十五酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十七酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十八酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十九酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(二十酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(辛酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(壬酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(癸酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十一酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十二酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十三酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十四酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十五酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十六酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十七酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十八酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十九酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(二十酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(辛酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(壬酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(癸酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十一酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十二酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十三酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十四酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十五酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十六酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十七酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十八酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十九酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(二十酰基氨基)丁酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
A18K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
D21K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
N24K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
Q28K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)-GLP-2(1-33);
S5K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
S7K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
D8K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
E9K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
M10K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
N11K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
T12K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
I13K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L14K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
D15K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
N16K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(辛酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(壬酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(癸酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十一酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十二酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十三酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十四酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十五酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十七酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十八酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(十九酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(3-(二十酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(辛酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(壬酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(癸酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十一酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十二酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十三酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十四酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十五酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十六酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十七酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十八酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十九酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(二十酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(辛酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(壬酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(癸酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十一酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十二酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十三酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十四酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十五酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十六酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十七酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十八酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(十九酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
L17K(4-(二十酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
A18K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
D21K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
N24K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
Q28K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/S5K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/S7K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/D8K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/E9K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/M10K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/N11K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/T12K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/I13K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L14K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/D15K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/N16K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(辛酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(壬酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(癸酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(十一酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(十二酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(十三酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(十四酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(十五酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(十七酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(十八酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(十九酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(3-(二十酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(辛酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(壬酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(癸酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十一酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十二酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十三酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十四酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十五酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十六酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十七酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十八酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(十九酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K((S)-4-羧基-4-(二十酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(辛酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(壬酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(癸酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(十一酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(十二酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(十三酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(十四酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(十五酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(十六酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(十七酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(十八酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(十九酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/L17K(4-(二十酰基氨基)丁酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/A18K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/D21K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);
D3E/N24K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33);和
D3E/Q28K(3-(十六酰基氨基)丙酰基)/K30R/D33E-GLP-2(1-33)。
用于本发明方法中的因子VII化合物包括野生型因子VII(即,具有U.S.专利No.4,784,950中公开的氨基酸序列的多肽),以及显示出与野生型因子VII基本上相同或改进的生物活性的因子VII变体,因子VII-相关多肽以及因子VII衍生物和因子VII接合物。术语“因子VII化合物”包括它们未裂解(酶原)形式的因子VII多肽,以及被蛋白水解加工以得到它们各自生物活性形式的那些,其可被命名为因子VIIa。通常,因子VII在残基152和153之间裂解,产生因子VIIa。因子VII的这种变体可显示与人因子VII不同的性质,包括稳定性、磷脂结合、比活性改变等。
此处所用“因子VII-相关多肽”包括多肽,含变体,其中因子VIIa的生物活性相对于野生型因子VII的活性已被大大修饰或降低。这些多肽包括,但不限于,其中已经引入特定氨基酸序列从而修饰或破坏多肽生物活性的因子VII或因子VIIa。
此处所用术语“因子VII衍生物”示野生型因子VII,显示与野生型因子VII及因子VII-相关多肽基本上相同或改进的生物活性的因子VII的变体,其中亲本肽的一个或多个氨基酸已被化学修饰,例如,通过烷基化、PEG化、酰化、酯形成或酰胺形成等。其包括但不限于PEG化人因子VIIa,半胱氨酸-PEG化人因子VIIa及其变体。
术语“PEG化人因子VIIa”是指人因子VIIa,它具有与人因子VIIa多肽接合的PEG分子。应了解,PEG分子可与因子VIIa多肽的任何部分,包括因子VIIa多肽的任何氨基酸残基或碳水化合物部分相连。术语“半胱氨酸-PEG化人因子VIIa”是指具有与引入到人因子VIIa中的半胱氨酸的巯基接合的PEG分子的因子VIIa。
因子VIIa在血液凝结中的生物活性来源于其(i)结合组织因子(TF)和(ii)催化因子IX或因子X蛋白裂解,从而产生活化的因子IX或X(分别为因子IXa或Xa)的能力。就本发明的目的而言,因子VIIa的生物活性可使用缺少因子VII的血浆和凝血激酶,通过测量制剂促进血液凝结的能力而量化,如U.S.专利No.5,997,864所述。在该测定法中,生物活性以凝结时间相对于对照样品的减少表示且通过与含1个单位/ml因子VII活性的混合人血清标准品比较而转化为“因子VII单位”。可替代地,因子VIIa的生物活性可通过(i)在含有包埋在脂膜中的TF和因子X的系统中,测量因子VIIa产生因子Xa的能力(Persson等人,J.Biol.Chem.272:19919-19924,1997);(ii)在含水系统中测量因子X水解;(iii)使用基于表面胞质团共振的仪器测量其与TF的物理结合(Persson,FEBSLetts.413:359-363,1997)和(iv)测量合成底物水解而量化。
具有与野生型因子VIIa基本上相同或改进的生物活性的因子VII包括显示至少约25%,优选至少约50%,更优选至少约75%且最优选至少约90%的在相同细胞类型中产生的因子VIIa的比活性的那些,其是在上述凝结测定法、蛋白水解测定法或TF结合测定法的一种或多种中测定的。具有与野生型因子VIIa相比大大降低的生物活性的因子VII是显示低于约25%,优选低于约10%,更优选低于约5%且最优选低于约1%的在相同细胞类型中产生的野生型因子VIIa的比活性的那些,其是在上述凝结测定法、蛋白水解测定法或TF结合测定法的一种或多种中测定的。具有与野生型因子VII相比大大修饰的生物活性的因子VII变体包括,但不限于,显示独立于TF的因子X蛋白水解活性的因子VII变体及结合TF但不裂解因子X的那些。
因子VII的变体,无论显示较之野生型因子VII基本相同还是更好的生物活性,或,可选择性地,显示相对于野生型因子VII大大修饰或降低的生物活性,包括,但不限于,通过一个或多个氨基酸的插入、缺失或取代,具有不同于野生型因子VII序列的氨基酸序列的多肽。
此处所用术语“变体”或“变体”是指具有野生型因子VII序列的因子VII,其中母蛋白的一个或多个氨基酸已被其它氨基酸取代和/或其中母蛋白的一个或多个氨基酸已缺失和/或其中一个或多个氨基酸已插入到蛋白中和/或其中一个或多个氨基酸已加入到母蛋白中。这种加入可发生在母蛋白的N-末端或C-末端或两者皆可。该定义内的“变体”或“变体”仍然以其活化形式具有FVII活性。在其中一个实施方案中,变体与野生型因子VII的序列70%相同。在另一实施方案中,变体与野生型因子VII的序列80%相同。在另一实施方案中,变体与野生型因子VII的序列90%相同。在另一实施方案中,变体与野生型因子VII的序列95%相同。
与野生型因子VII具有基本上相同的生物活性的因子VII变体的非限制性例子包括S52A-FVIIa,S60A-FVIIa(Lino等人,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.352:182-192,1998);U.S.专利No.5,580,560中公开的显示蛋白水解稳定性增加的FVIIa变体;残基290-291之间或残基315-316之间已被蛋白裂解的因子VIIa(Mollerup等人,Biotechnol.Bioeng.48:501-505,1995);因子VIIa的氧化形式(Kornfelt等人,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.363:43-54,1999);PCT/DK02/00189中公开的FVII变体;和WO02/38162中公开的显示蛋白水解稳定性增加的FVII变体(ScrippsResearchInstitute);WO99/20767中公开的具有修饰的Gla-结构域且显示膜结合提高的FVII变体(UniversityofMinnesota);和WO01/58935中公开的FVII变体(MaxygenApS),它们全部引入此处作为参考。
具体是与野生型FVIIa相比生物活性增加的FVII变体,包括WO01/83725,WO02/22776,WO02/077218,PCT/DK02/00635,丹麦专利申请PA200201423,丹麦专利申请PA200101627;WO02/38162(ScrippsResearchInstitute)中公开的FVII变体;和JP2001061479(Chemo-Sero-TherapeuticResInst.)中公开的活性提高的FVIIa变体,它们全部引入此处组委参考。
具有相对于野生型因子VII,生物活性大大降低或被修饰的因子VII变体的例子包括R152E-FVIIa(Wildgoose等人,Biochem29:3413-3420,1990),S344A-FVIIa(Kazama等人,J.Biol.Chem.270:66-72,1995),FFR-FVIIa(Holst等人,Eur.J.Vasc.Endovasc.Surg.15:515-520,1998),和缺少Gla结构域的因子VIIa(Nicolaisen等人,FEBSLetts.317:245-249,1993),它们全部引入此处作为参考。
因子VII的变体,因子VII或因子VII-相关多肽的例子包括野生型因子VII,L305V-FVII,L305V/M306D/D309S-FVII,L305I-FVII,L305T-FVII,F374P-FVII,V158T/M298Q-FVII,V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVII,K337A-FVII,M298Q-FVII,V158D/M298Q-FVII,L305V/K337A-FVII,V158D/E296V/M298Q/L305V-FVII,V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,V158D/E296V/M298Q/L305V/K337A-FVII,K157A-FVII,E296V-FVII,E296V/M298Q-FVII,V158D/E296V-FVII,V158D/M298K-FVII,andS336G-FVII,L305V/K337A-FVII,L305V/V158D-FVII,L305V/E296V-FVII,L305V/M298Q-FVII,L305V/V158T-FVII,L305V/K337A/V158T-FVII,L305V/K337A/M298Q-FVII,L305V/K337A/E296V-FVII,L305V/K337A/V158D-FVII,L305V/V158D/M298Q-FVII,L305V/V158D/E296V-FVII,L305V/V158T/M298Q-FVII,L305V/V158T/E296V-FVII,L305V/E296V/M298Q-FVII,L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVII,L305V/V158T/E296V/M298Q-FVII,L305V/V158T/K337A/M298Q-FVII,L305V/V158T/E296V/K337A-FVII,L305V/V158D/K337A/M298Q-FVII,L305V/V158D/E296V/K337A-FVII,L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,L305V/V158T/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,S314E/K36H-FVII,S314E/K316Q-FVII,S314E/L305V-FVII,S314E/K337A-FVII,S314E/V158D-FVII,S314E/E296V-FVII,S314E/M298Q-FVII,S314E/V158T-FVII,K316H/L305V-FVII,K316H/K337A-FVII,K316H/V158D-FVII,K316H/E296V-FVII,K316H/M298Q-FVII,K316H/V158T-FVII,K316Q/L305V-FVII,K316Q/K337A-FVII,K316Q/V158D-FVII,K316Q/E296V-FVII,K316Q/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/V158T-FVII,S314E/L305V/K337A-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158D-FVII,S314E/L305V/E296V-FVII,S314E/L305V/M298Q-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158T-FVII,S314E/L305V/K337A/V158T-FVII,S314E/L305V/K337A/M298Q-FVII,S314E/L305V/K337A/E296V-FVII,S314E/L305V/K337A/V158D-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158D/M298Q-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158D/E296V-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158T/M298Q-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158T/E296V-FVII,S314E/L305V/E296V/M298Q-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158T/E296V/M298Q-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158T/K337A/M298Q-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158T/E296V/K337A-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158D/K337A/M298Q-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158D/E296V/K337A-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,S314E/L305V/V158T/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,K316H/L305V/K337A-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158D-FVII,K316H/L305V/E296V-FVII,K316H/L305V/M298Q-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158T-FVII,K316H/L305V/K337A/V158T-FVII,K316H/L305V/K337A/M298Q-FVII,K316H/L305V/K337A/E296V-FVII,K316H/L305V/K337A/V158D-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158D/M298Q-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158D/E296V-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158T/M298Q-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158T/E296V-FVII,K316H/L305V/E296V/M298Q-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158T/E296V/M298Q-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158T/K337A/M298Q-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158T/E296V/K337A-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158D/K337A/M298Q-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158D/E296V/K337A-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,K316H/L305V/V158T/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,K316Q/L305V/K337A-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158D-FVII,K316Q/L305V/E296V-FVII,K316Q/L305V/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158T-FVII,K316Q/L305V/K337A/V158T-FVII,K316Q/L305V/K337A/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/L305V/K337A/E296V-FVII,K316Q/L305V/K337A/V158D-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158D/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158D/E296V-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158T/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158T/E296V-FVII,K316Q/L305V/E296V/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158T/E296V/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158T/K337A/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158T/E296V/K337A-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158D/K337A/M298Q-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158D/E296V/K337A-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,K316Q/L305V/V158T/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,F374Y/K337A-FVII,F374Y/V158D-FVII,F374Y/E296V-FVII,F374Y/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/V158T-FVII,F374Y/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V-FVII,F374Y/L305V/K337A-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V-FVII,F374Y/L305V/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158T-FVII,F374Y/L305V/S314E-FVII,F374Y/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/K337A/V158T-FVII,F374Y/K337A/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/K337A/E296V-FVII,F374Y/K337A/V158D-FVII,F374Y/V158D/S314E-FVII,F374Y/V158D/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/V158D/E296V-FVII,F374Y/V158T/S314E-FVII,F374Y/V158T/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/V158T/E296V-FVII,F374Y/E296V/S314E-FVII,F374Y/S314E/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/E296V/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/L305V/K337A/V158D-FVII,F374Y/L305V/K337A/E296V-FVII,F374Y/L305V/K337A/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/L305V/K337A/V158T-FVII,F374Y/L305V/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/E296V-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/V158T-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/M298Q/V158T-FVII,F374Y/L305V/M298Q/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158T/S314E-FVII,F374Y/K337A/S314E/V158T-FVII,F374Y/K337A/S314E/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/K337A/S314E/E296V-FVII,F374Y/K337A/S314E/V158D-FVII,F374Y/K337A/V158T/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/K337A/V158T/E296V-FVII,F374Y/K337A/M298Q/E296V-FVII,F374Y/K337A/M298Q/V158D-FVII,F374Y/K337A/E296V/V158D-FVII,F374Y/V158D/S314E/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/V158D/S314E/E296V-FVII,F374Y/V158D/M298Q/E296V-FVII,F374Y/V158T/S314E/E296V-FVII,F374Y/V158T/S314E/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/V158T/M298Q/E296V-FVII,F374Y/E296V/S314E/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/L305V/M298Q/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/E296V/M298Q/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/M298Q/S314E-FVII,F374Y/V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,F374Y/V158D/E296V/M298Q/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/V158D/M298Q/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/V158D/E296V/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/M298Q/K337A-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/E296V/K337A-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/M298Q/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/E296V/S314E-FVII,F374Y/V158T/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,F374Y/V158T/E296V/M298Q/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158T/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/V158T/M298Q/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/V158T/E296V/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158T/E296V/M298Q-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158T/M298Q/K337A-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158T/E296V/K337A-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158T/M298Q/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158T/E296V/S314E-FVII,F374Y/E296V/M298Q/K337A/V158T/S314E-FVII,F374Y/V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/M298Q/V158T/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/M298Q/K337A/V158T-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/K337A/V158T/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/M298Q/K337A/V158T/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/E296V/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/M298Q/K337A/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/E296V/M298Q/K337A/V158T/S314E-FVII,F374Y/L305V/V158D/E296V/M298Q/K337A/S314E-FVII,S52A-因子VII,S60A-因子VII;R152E-因子VII,S344A-因子VII,缺少Gla结构域的因子VIIa;和P11Q/K33E-FVII,T106N-FVII,K143N/N145T-FVII,V253N-FVII,R290N/A292T-FVII,G291N-FVII,R315N/V317T-FVII,K143N/N145T/R315N/V317T-FVII;及233Thr-240Asn的氨基酸序列中具有取代、加成或缺失的FVII,304Arg-329Cys的氨基酸序列中具有取代、加成或缺失的FVII。
可用于本发明方法中的生长激素(GH)包括人生长激素(hGH),其序列和特征在HormonDrugs,Gueriguian,U.S.P.Covention,Rockvill,1982中提出,和生长激素化合物。术语“生长激素化合物”表示其中一个或多个氨基酸残基已缺失和/或被其它天然或非天然氨基酸残基取代的人生长激素(hGH),和/或含天然或非天然氨基酸残基加成的hGH,和/或其中至少一个有机取代基与一个或多个有机取代基结合的hGH。具体是191个天然氨基酸序列(索马托品)和192个氨基酸N-末端甲硫氨酸种类(索吗托诺)。
可用于本发明中的生长激素化合物的其它例子包括WO92/09690(Genentech)中公开的,其中氨基酸第172,174,176和178号的基团被下列氨基酸基团(R,S,F,R);(R,A,Y,R),(K,T,Y,K);(R,S,Y,R);(K,A,Y,R);(R,F,F,R);(K,Q,Y,R);(R,T,Y,H);(Q,R,Y,R);(K,K,Y,K);(R,S,F,S)或(K,S,N,R)取代,其引入此处作为参考。
可用于本发明中的生长激素化合物的其它例子包括US6,004931(Genentech)中公开的,具有下列取代G120R,G120K,G120Y,G120F和G120E的hGH,其引入此处作为参考。
可用于本发明中的生长激素化合物的其它例子包括US6,143,523(Genentech)中公开的,具有下列取代R167N,D171S,E174S,F176Y和I179T;R176E,D171S,E174S和F176Y;F10A,M14W,H18D和H21N;F10A,M14W,H18D,H21N,R167N,D171S,E174S,F176Y,I179T;F10A,M14W,H18D,H21N,R167N,D171A,E174S,F176Y,I179T;F10H,M14G,H18N和H21N;F10A,M14W,H18D,H21N,R167N,D171A,T175T和I179T;及F10I,M14Q,H18E,R167N,D171S和I179T的hGH,其引入此处作为参考。
可用于本发明中的生长激素化合物的其它例子包括US6,136,536(Genentech)中公开的,具有下列取代H18A,Q22A,F25A,D26A,Q29A,E65A,K168A,E174A和G120K的hGH,其引入此处作为参考。
可用于本发明中的生长激素化合物的其它例子包括US6,057,292(Genentech)中公开的,具有下列取代H18D,H21N,R167N,K168A,D171S,K172R,E174S,I179T且其中G120被R、K、W、Y、F或E进一步取代的hGH,其引入此处作为参考。
可用于本发明中的生长激素化合物的其它例子包括US5,849,535(Genentech)中公开的,具有下列取代H18D,H21N,R167N,K168A,D171S,K172R,E174S和I179T的hGH,其引入此处作为参考。
可用于本发明中的生长激素化合物的其它例子包括WO97/11178(Genentech)中公开的,具有下列取代H18D,H21D,R167N,K168A,D171S,K172R,E174S和I179T;及H18A,Q22A,F25A,D26A,Q29A,E65A,K168A和E174A的hGH,其引入此处作为参考。
可用于本发明的生长激素化合物的其它例子包括WO90/04788(Genentech)中公开的,具有下列取代K168A和E174A;R178N和I179M;K172A和F176A;及H54F,S56E,L58I,E62S,D63N和Q66E的hGH,其引入此处作为参考。
可使用本发明方法修饰的细胞因子的例子包括红细胞生成素(EPO),血小板生成素,INF-α,IFN-β,IFN-γ,TNF-α,白介素-1β(IL-1-β),IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10,IL-12,IL-15,IL-18,IL-19,IL-20,IL-21IL-24,粒细胞集落-刺激因子(G-CSF),GM-CSF,及趋化因子,如巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1(MIP-1)γ干扰素诱导型蛋白及IFNγ诱导的单核因子(MIG)。
用于本发明方法中的IL-19的具体例子包括WO98/08870(HumanGenomeScience)中公开的那些,其引入此处作为参考。具体是WO98/08870中SEQIDNO:2公开的肽。
可用的IL-20的具体例子包括WO99/27103(Zymogenetics)中公开的那些,其引入此处作为参考。在本文中,IL-20表示IL-20本身及其片段以及与IL-20或其片段至少90%相同的多肽。具体用于本发明方法中的蛋白包括WO99/27103中SEQIDNO:1,SEQIDNO:2,SEQIDNO:3,SEQIDNO:4,SEQIDNO:5,SEQIDNO:6,SEQIDNO:7,SEQIDNO:8,SEQIDNO:9,SEQIDNO:10,SEQIDNO:11,SEQIDNO:12,SEQIDNO:13,SEQIDNO:14,SEQIDNO:15,SEQIDNO:16,SEQIDNO:17,SEQIDNO:18,SEQIDNO:19,SEQIDNO:20,SEQIDNO:21,SEQIDNO:22,SEQIDNO:23,SEQIDNO:24,SEQIDNO:25,SEQIDNO:26,SEQIDNO:27,SEQIDNO:28,SEQIDNO:29,SEQIDNO:30,SEQIDNO:31,SEQIDNO:32,SEQIDNO:33,SEQIDNO:34和SEQIDNO:35公开的那些。
可用于本发明方法中的IL-21的例子包括WO00/53761(Zymogenetics)中公开的那些,其引入此处作为参考。具体为WO00/53761中SEQIDNO:2公开的肽。
TTF可用于本发明的方法中。TTF肽是主要与胃肠道有关的肽家族。具体是乳腺癌相关pS2肽(TFF-1),已知其来源于人、小鼠和大鼠,解痉多肽(TFF-2),已知其来源于人、猪、大鼠和小鼠及肠三叶因子(TFF-3),已知来源于人、大鼠和小鼠。
可用于本发明方法的来源于TFF家族的其它肽包括WO02/46226(NovoNordisk)中公开的那些,其引入此处作为参考。具体是TFF-2肽,其中具有WO02/46226公开的氨基酸的TFF2肽在Cys6-Cys104,Cys8-Cys35,Cys19-Cys34,Cys29-Cys46,Cys58-Cys84,Cys68-Cys83,和Cys78-Cys95之间包含二硫化物键且其中部分X独立选自糖残基且低聚糖与Asn15共价连接。
TFF家族的其它肽包括TFF-1和TFF-3二聚物,如WO96/06861(NovoNordisk)公开的那些,其引入此处作为参考。
已知有若干种黑色素皮质激素受体,且可用于本发明方法中的肽是肽黑色素皮质激素-4受体激动剂,已知其具有食欲抑制作用。具体是下列专利文献中公开的肽或蛋白,其全部引入此处作为参考:US6,054,556(Hruby),WO0O/05263(Wi1liamHarveyResearch),WO00/35952(Melacure),WO00/35952(Melacure),WO00/58361(Procter&Gamble),WO01/52880(Merck),WO02/26774(Procter&Gamble),WO03/06620(Palatin),WO98/27113(RudolfMagnusInstitute)和WO99/21571(Trega)。
可用于本发明方法中的其它种类的肽或蛋白包括酶。有很多酶都可用于各种工业目的,且特别是水解酶(蛋白酶、脂酶、纤维素酶、酯酶)、氧化还原酶(漆酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、脂氧合酶)、转移酶和异构酶。
可用于本发明方法中的其它肽或蛋白包括ACTH,促肾上腺皮质素-释放因子,血管紧张素,降钙素,胰岛素及其片段和类似物,高血糖素,IGF-1,IGF-2,肠胃泌素(enterogastrin),胃泌素,四肽胃泌素,五肽胃泌素,尿胃泌素(urogastrin),表皮生长因子,促胰液素,神经生长因子,促甲状腺素释放激素,促生长素抑制素,生长激素释放激素,促生长因子,甲状旁腺激素,血小板生成素,红细胞生成素,下丘脑释放因子,催乳激素,甲状腺刺激激素,内啡肽,脑啡肽,后叶加压素,催产素,阿片类物质(opiods)及其类似物,天冬酰胺酶,精氨酸酶,精氨酸脱氨基酶,腺苷脱氨基酶及核糖核酸酶。
待依本发明方法修饰的肽可从天然来源(例如,植物、动物或微生物,如酵母、细菌、真菌或病毒)中分离或被合成。天然来源的肽还包括转基因来源的肽,例如,被基因工程修饰表达或增加肽表达的来源,其中所述肽在某种意义上可以是“天然的”,它天然存在,或在某种意义上是“非天然的”,它仅由于人干预而存在。从天然来源分离的肽还可在本发明的接合之前经历合成修饰。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及可获得的,如根据本发明方法获得的接合肽。如果可获得的,如,通过本发明方法获得的接合肽是治疗肽,则本发明还提供这种化合物在治疗中的用途,以及含这种化合物的药物组合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供下式的接合肽,及其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物和前体药物
其中P,R,A,D,E和Z是如上面所定义的,且其中基团
代表通过除去Gln残基侧链中-NH2的氢而获得的肽基团。
这种化合物及其药学可接受的盐、溶剂化物和前体药物的具体例子包括
Nε141-[2-(4-(4-(mPEG(20k)基丁酰基)-氨基-丁氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH,
Nε141-[2-(1-(十六酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH,
Nε141(2-(4-(4-(1,3-双(mPEG(20k)基氨基羰氧基)丙-2-基氧基)丁酰氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH,
Nε141(2-(4-(2,6-双(mPEG(20k)基氧基羰基氨基)己酰基氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH,
Nε141(2-(4-(4-(mPEG(30k)基氧基)丁酰氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH,
Nε141(2-(4-(4-(mPEG(20k)基氧基)丁酰氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH,和
Nε141(2-(4-(3-(mPEG(30k)基氧基)丙酰氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH。
正如上面所讨论的,上面列表提到的mPEG(20k)基表示具有低于1.06,如低于1.05,如低于1.04,如低于1.03,如1.02-1.03多分散性指数的mPEG(20k)基。同样,上面列表中提到的mPEG(30k)基表示具有低于1.06,如低于1.05,如低于1.04,如低于1.03,如1.02-1.03的多分散性指数的mPEG(30k)基。
正如上面所讨论的,肽可含有不止一个肽可在这里接合的Gln-残基。在这种情况下,上式还表示已在不止一个位点处接合的肽。
对于未接合肽(P-C(O)-NH2)为治疗肽的情形,本发明还涉及接合肽I的治疗用途,且特别是含所述接合肽的药物组合物。
胰岛素用于治疗或预防糖尿病,且在一个实施方案中,本发明因此提供一种治疗1型或2型糖尿病的方法,该方法包括在受治疗者需要时给予其治疗有效量的本发明胰岛素或胰岛素化合物接合物。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供胰岛素或本发明胰岛素化合物接合物在制备治疗1型或2型糖尿病的药物中的用途。
GLP-1可用于治疗高血糖、2型糖尿病、葡萄糖耐受性降低、1型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、综合征X、血脂异常、β-细胞编程性细胞死亡,β-细胞不足、炎性肠综合征,消化不良,认知障碍,例如,认知提高,神经保护,动脉粥样硬化,冠心病和其它心血管疾病。在其中一个实施方案中,本发明因此提供一种治疗所述疾病的方法,该方法包括在受治疗者需要时,给予其治疗有效量的本发明GLP-1或GLP-1化合物接合物。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供GLP-1或GLP-1化合物接合物在制备用于治疗上述疾病的药物中的用途。
GLP-2可用于治疗导致肠中营养物吸收障碍的肠衰竭,具体而言GLP-2可用于治疗小肠综合征、炎性肠综合征、克罗恩氏病、结肠炎包括胶原结肠炎、辐射性结肠炎、辐射后萎缩、非-热带(谷蛋白不耐受)和热带口炎性腹泻,血管梗阻或创伤后的受损组织,旅游腹泻,脱水,菌血症,脓毒症,神经性食欲缺乏,化疗后的受损组织,早产儿,硬皮病(schleroderma),胃炎包括萎缩性胃炎,窦切除术后的萎缩性胃炎和幽门螺杆菌胃炎,溃疡,肠炎,盲管,淋巴梗阻,血管疾病和移植物抗宿主疾病,手术过程后的愈合,放疗和化疗后的萎缩症,及骨质疏松症。因此,强调本发明提供治疗上述疾病的方法,该方法包括在受治疗者需要时,给予其治疗有效量的本发明GLP-2或GLP-2化合物接合物。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供GLP-2或GLP-2化合物接合物在制备治疗上述疾病的药物中的用途。
生长激素可用于治疗生长激素缺乏(GHD);Turner综合征;Prader-Willi综合征(PWS);Noonan综合征;Down综合征;慢性肾病、青年类风湿性关节炎;囊性纤维化、接受HAART治疗的儿童中的HIV-感染(HIV/HALS儿童);小于胎龄儿(SGA);极低出生体重儿(VLBW)而非SGA的身材矮小;骨骼发育异常;季肋发育不全;软骨发育不全;原发性身材矮小(ISS);成人GHD;长骨,如胫骨、腓骨、股骨、肱骨、挠骨、尺骨、锁骨、matacarpea、matatarsea、和指(趾)骨骨折;海绵般多孔骨,如scull、手基底、和足基底骨折;例如手、膝、或肩腱或韧带手术后的患者;患有或经受骨折分离骨生成的患者;髋部或盘复位、半月板修复、脊柱融合术或假体固定术后的患者,如在膝、髋、肩、肘、手腕或颌骨中;例如,已经固定了骨缝术材料,如钉子、螺丝和板的患者;骨折未连接或连接不正的患者;骨切开术(osteatomia)后的患者,例如,胫骨或第1脚趾;移植术后的患者;由创伤或关节炎引起的膝关节软骨退化;Turner综合征患者的骨质疏松症;男性骨质疏松症;长期透析的成年患者(APCD);APCD中与营养不良有关的心血管病;APCD中恶病质的逆转;APCD中的癌症;APCD中的慢性阻塞性肺病;APCD中的HIV;患有APCD的老年人;APCD中的慢性肝病、APCD中的疲劳综合征;克罗恩氏病;肝功能受损;男性HIV感染;短肠综合征;中枢性肥胖;HIV-有关的脂肪营养不良综合征(HALS);男性不育症;重要的选择性手术、醇/药物解毒或神经创伤后的患者;衰老;虚弱的老年人;骨关节炎;创伤性受损的软骨;勃起机能障碍;纤维肌痛;记忆障碍;抑郁症;创伤性脑损伤;蛛网膜下出血;极低出生体重;代谢综合征;糖皮质激素肌病;或儿童由于糖皮质激素治疗导致的身材矮小,生长激素也已经用于加速肌肉组织、神经组织或伤口愈合;加速或增加血液流到受损组织;或降低受损组织的感染率,该方法包括在患者需要时,给予其治疗有效量的式I化合物。本发明因此提供一种治疗这些疾病或状况的方法,该方法包括在患者需要时,给予其治疗有效量的本发明生长激素或生长激素化合物接合物。
通常,所给予的接合生长激素的量为10-7-10-3g/kg体重,如10-6-10-4g/kg体重,如10-5-10-4g/kg体重。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供生长激素或生长激素化合物接合物在制备治疗上述疾病或状况的药物中的用途。
细胞因子涉及宿主疾病,包括免疫系统的病因学。具体而言,IL-20可涉及牛皮癣及其治疗,I-21涉及癌症且可治疗该疾病。在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种治疗牛皮癣的方法,包括给予治疗有效量的本发明的IL-20接合物。在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及本发明的IL-20接合物在制备治疗牛皮癣的药物中的用途。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括在受治疗者需要时,给予其治疗有效量的本发明的IL-21接合物。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及IL-21接合物在制备治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
TTF肽可用于增加受治疗者粘膜层的粘度,从而减少唾液分泌,例如,由放疗、用抗胆碱能药物治疗或Sjgren’s综合征引起的唾液分泌增加,治疗变应性鼻炎、创伤、中风、大手术、肾或肝病、用NSAID,例如阿司匹林、甾族化合物或醇治疗继发的应激反应诱导的胃溃疡。TTF肽还可用于治疗克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、角膜结膜炎、慢性膀胱感染、肠膀胱炎、乳头瘤和膀胱癌。在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及治疗上述疾病或状况的方法,该方法包括在患者需要时,给予其治疗有效量的本发明TTF接合物。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及TTF接合物在制备治疗上述疾病或状况的药物中的用途。
黑色素皮质激素受体修饰物,且特别是黑色素皮质激素4受体激动剂涉及肥胖和相关疾病的治疗和预防。在其中一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种预防或延迟葡萄糖耐受性降低(IGT)从而发展成非胰岛素依赖性2型糖尿病,用于预防或延迟非胰岛素依赖性2型糖尿病发展成胰岛素依赖性糖尿病,用于治疗肥胖和调节食欲的方法。黑色素皮质激素4受体激动剂还涉及下列疾病的治疗:动脉粥样硬化,高血压,糖尿病,2型糖尿病,葡萄糖耐受性降低(IGT),血脂异常,冠心病,胆囊疾病,胆结石,骨关节炎,癌,性机能障碍和早产儿死亡的危险。在一个实施方案中,本发明因此提供一种治疗上述疾病或状况的方法,该方法包括在受治疗者需要时,给予其治疗有效量的本发明黑色素皮质激素4受体激动剂接合物。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及黑色素皮质激素4受体激动剂接合物在制备治疗上述疾病或状况的药物中的用途。
因子VII化合物涉及与凝结有关疾病的治疗,且特别是生物活性的因子VII化合物涉及治疗血友病,使用因子VIII和IX抑制剂的血友病,血小板减少症患者,血小板病患者,如Glanzmann’s血小板机能不全、血小板释放缺陷和贮库(stroragepool)缺陷,冯维勒布兰德氏病患者,肝病患者和与手术创伤有关的出血问题。生物非活性的因子VII化合物涉及治疗凝结过高状况的患者,如脓毒症、深处-血管血栓形成患者、有心肌感染或栓塞中风、肺栓塞危险的患者、急性冠状综合征患者、经历冠心病的患者,预防心脏事件和接受血管成形术患者的再狭窄,外周血管疾病患者和急性呼吸困难综合征。在一个实施方案中,本发明因此提供一种治疗上述疾病或状况的方法,该方法包括在受治疗者需要时,给予其治疗有效量的本发明因子VII化合物接合物。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供因子VII化合物接合物在制备治疗上述疾病或状况的药物中的用途。
在治疗的时候,许多疾病可使用不止一种药物治疗,同时给药或顺序给药。因此在治疗方法中,使用本发明的肽接合物联合一种或多种通常用于治疗所述疾病的治疗活性化合物来治疗上述疾病也落在本发明范围内。用类推方法,本发明的肽接合物以及其它通常用于治疗上述其中一种疾病的治疗活性化合物在制备用于所述疾病的药物中的用途也落在本发明的范围内。
正如上面所讨论的,本发明的治疗性接合肽可用于治疗,且这也是本发明一个实施方案。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供接合肽在诊断中的用途。药物组合物
另一目的是提供一种含以10-15mg/ml-200mg/ml,如10-10mg/ml-5mg/ml浓度存在的本发明接合肽,如接合生长激素(GH)的药物组合物,其中所述组合物具有2.0-10.0的pH。该组合物可进一步含有缓冲系统、防腐剂、等渗剂、螯合剂、稳定剂和表面活性剂。在本发明其中一个实施方案中,该药物组合物为含水组合物,即,含有水的组合物。这种组合物通常为溶液或混悬液。在本发明另一实施方案中,该药物组合物为水溶液。术语“含水组合物”被定义为含至少50%w/w水的组合物。同样,术语“水溶液”被定义为含至少50%w/w水的溶液,且术语“含水混悬液”被定义为含至少50%w/w水的混悬液。
在另一实施方案中,该药物组合物为冻干组合物,使用前,医师或患者向其中加入溶剂和/或稀释剂。
在另一实施方案中,该药物组合物为干燥的组合物(例如,冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥),准备使用时,无需任何在先溶解。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种药物组合物,它包含肽接合物,例如GH接合物的水溶液,和缓冲剂,其中所述肽接合物,如GH接合物以0.1-100mg/ml或更高浓度存在,且其中所述组合物具有约2.0-约10.0的pH。
在本发明另一实施方案中,组合物的pH选自2.0,2.1,2.2,2.3,2.4,2.5,2.6,2.7,2.8,2.9,3.0,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.6,3.7,3.8,3.9,4.0,4.1,4.2,4.3,4.4,4.5,4.6,4.7,4.8,4.9,5.0,5.1,5.2,5.3,5.4,5.5,5.6,5.7,5.8,5.9,6.0,6.1,6.2,6.3,6.4,6.5,6.6,6.7,6.8,6.9,7.0,7.1,7.2,7.3,7.4,7.5,7.6,7.7,7.8,7.9,8.0,8.1,8.2,8.3,8.4,8.5,8.6,8.7,8.8,8.9,9.0,9.1,9.2,9.3,9.4,9.5,9.6,9.7,9.8,9.9和10.0。
在本发明另一实施方案中,缓冲液选自醋酸钠、碳酸钠、柠檬酸盐、双甘氨肽、组氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸钠和三(羟甲基)-氨基甲烷、N-二甘氨酸、tricine、苹果酸、琥珀酸盐、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、天门冬氨酸或其混合物。这些具体缓冲液各自构成本发明的可选择性实施方案。
在本发明又一实施方案中,该组合物还包含药学可接受的防腐剂。在本发明另一实施方案中,防腐剂选自苯酚,邻-甲酚,间-甲酚,对-甲酚,对-羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对-羟基苯甲酸丙酯,2-苯氧基乙醇,对-羟基苯甲酸丁酯,2-苯基乙醇,苄醇,氯丁醇,和thiomerosal,溴硝丙二醇,苯甲酸,亚胺尿(imidurea),氯己啶(chlorohexidine),脱氢醋酸钠,氯甲酚,对-羟基苯甲酸乙酯,苄索氯铵,氯苯甘醚(chlorphenesine)(3对-氯苯氧基丙-1,2-二醇)或其混合物。在本发明又一实施方案中,防腐剂以0.1mg/ml-20mg/ml的浓度存在。在本发明又一实施方案中,防腐剂以0.1mg/ml-5mg/ml的浓度存在。在又一实施方案中,防腐剂以5mg/ml-10mg/ml的浓度存在。在本发明又一实施方案中,防腐剂以10mg/ml-20mg/ml的浓度存在。这些具体的防腐剂各自构成本发明的可选择性实施方案。防腐剂在药物组合物中的使用是本领域技术人员熟知的。可参考Remington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy,20thedition,2000。
在本发明另一实施方案中,该组合物还含有等渗剂。在本发明又一实施方案中,等渗剂选自盐(例如,氯化钠),糖或糖醇,氨基酸(例如,L-甘氨酸,L-组氨酸,精氨酸,赖氨酸,异亮氨酸,天门冬氨酸,色氨酸,苏氨酸),糖醇(例如,丙三醇(甘油),1,2-丙二醇(丙二醇),1,3-丙二醇,1,3-丁二醇)聚乙二醇(例如,PEG400)或其混合物。可使用任何糖如单-、二-、或多糖,或水溶性葡聚糖,包括例如,果糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、山梨糖、木糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、蔗糖、海藻糖、葡聚糖、支链淀粉、糊精、环糊精、可溶性淀粉、羟乙基淀粉和羧甲基纤维素-Na。在其中一个实施方案中,糖添加剂是蔗糖。糖醇被定义为具有至少一个-OH基团的C4-C8烃且包括,例如,甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、肌醇、半乳糖醇、卫矛醇、木糖醇和阿拉伯糖醇。在一个实施方案中,糖醇添加剂是甘露糖醇。上述糖或糖醇可单独或结合使用。对用量没有限制,只要糖或糖醇可溶于液体制剂中且不会不利地影响使用本发明方法获得的稳定效果。在一个实施方案中,糖或糖醇浓度为约1mg/ml-约150mg/ml。在本发明另一实施方案中,等渗剂以1mg/ml-50mg/ml的浓度存在。在本发明另一实施方案中,等渗剂以1mg/ml-7mg/ml的浓度存在。在本发明另一实施方案中,等渗剂以8mg/ml-24mg/ml的浓度存在。在本发明另一实施方案中,等渗剂以25mg/ml-50mg/ml的浓度存在。这些具体等渗剂各自构成本发明的可选择性实施方案。等渗剂在药物组合物中的使用是本领域技术人员熟知的。可参考Remington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy,20thedition,2000。
在本发明另一实施方案中,所述组合物进一步包含螯合剂。在本发明另一实施方案中,螯合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),柠檬酸,和天门冬氨酸的盐及其混合物。在本发明另一实施方案中,螯合剂以0.1mg/ml-5mg/ml的浓度存在。在本发明另一实施方案中,螯合剂以0.1mg/ml-2mg/ml的浓度存在。在本发明另一实施方案中,螯合剂以2mg/ml-5mg/ml的浓度存在。这些具体的螯合剂各自构成本发明的可选择性实施方案。螯合剂在药物组合物中的使用是本领域技术人员熟知的。可参考Remington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy,20thedition,2000。
在本发明另一实施方案中,该组合物进一步包含稳定剂。稳定剂在药物组合物中的使用是本领域技术人员熟知的。可参考Remington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy,20thedition,2000。
更具体而言,本发明的组合物是稳定的液体药物组合物,它的治疗活性成分包括在储存过程中,可能在液体药物组合物中显示聚集体形成的蛋白。“聚集体形成”是指蛋白分子之间的物理相互作用,其导致低聚物形成,其可保持溶解,或从溶液沉淀的较大可见聚集体。“储存过程中”是指已经制备的液体药物组合物或组合物不会立即给予受治疗者。在制备之后,将它以液体形式、冷冻状态、或干燥形式包装储存,随后重构为液体形式或适于给予受治疗者的其它形式。“干燥形式”是指通过冷冻干燥(即冻干;见,例如,Williams和Polli(1984)J.ParenteralSci.Technol.38:48-59),喷雾干燥(见Masters(1991)Spray-DryingHandbook(5thed;LongmanScientificandTechnical,Essez,U.K.),pp.491-676;Broadhead等人(1992)DrugDevel.Ind.Pharm.18:1169-1206;和Mumenthaler等人(1994)Pharm.Res.11:12-20),或风干(Carpenter和Crowe(1988)Cryobiology25:459-470;和Roser(1991)Biopharm.4:47-53)将液体药物组合物或组合物干燥。在液体药物组合物储存过程中,蛋白聚集体的形成可不利地影响该蛋白的生物活性,导致药物组合物的治疗功效损失。此外,聚集体的形成可引起其它问题,如使用输注系统给予含蛋白的药物组合物时,管、膜或泵的阻塞。
本发明的药物组合物还可含有足以在组合物储存过程中,降低蛋白聚集体形成量的氨基酸碱。“氨基酸碱”是指氨基酸或氨基酸的组合,其中任意给定的氨基酸以其游离碱形式或其盐形式存在。使用氨基酸组合时,所有氨基酸均可以它们游离碱的形式存在,所有均可以它们盐的形式存在,或某些以它们游离碱的形式存在,而其它以它们盐的形式存在。在其中一个实施方案中,用于制备本发明组合物的氨基酸是携带带电侧链的那些,如精氨酸、赖氨酸、天门冬氨酸、和谷氨酸。特定氨基酸(甲硫氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、天门冬氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸及其混合物)的任何立体异构体(即,L或D异构体或其混合物)或这些立体异构体的组合或甘氨酸或有机碱,如,但不限于咪唑均可存在于本发明的药物组合物中,只要特定的氨基酸或有机碱以其游离碱形式或其盐形式存在。在一个实施方案中,使用氨基酸的L-立体异构体。本发明的组合物还可使用这些氨基酸的类似物配制。“氨基酸类似物”是指天然存在的氨基酸的衍生物,它可带来所需的、在本发明液体药物组合物储存过程中,降低蛋白聚集体形成的作用。适宜的精氨酸类似物包括,例如,氨基胍、鸟氨酸和N-单乙基L-精氨酸,适宜的甲硫氨酸类似物包括乙硫氨酸和丁硫氨酸,适宜的半胱氨酸类似物包括S-甲基-L半胱氨酸。与使用其它氨基酸一样,可以它们的游离碱形式或它们的盐形式将氨基酸类似物掺入到组合物中。在本发明又一实施方案中,以足以防止或延迟蛋白聚集的浓度使用氨基酸或氨基酸类似物。
在本发明又一实施方案中,在发挥治疗剂作用的蛋白是含有容易发生这种氧化的至少一个甲硫氨酸残基的蛋白时,可加入甲硫氨酸(或其它硫氨基酸或氨基酸类似物)来抑制甲硫氨酸残基氧化成甲硫氨酸亚砜。“抑制”是指甲硫氨酸氧化种类随时间的最小累积。抑制甲硫氨酸氧化导致蛋白以其适当分子形式的更大保留。可使用甲硫氨酸的任意立体异构体(L或D异构体)或其任意组合。所加入的量应当是足以抑制甲硫氨酸残基氧化的量,甲硫氨酸亚砜的量对于调节机构是可接受的。通常,这是指组合物含有不超过约10%-约30%甲硫氨酸亚砜。通常,这可通过加入甲硫氨酸获得,这样所加入的甲硫氨酸与甲硫氨酸残基的比为约-1∶1-约1000∶1,如10∶1-约100∶1。
在本发明又一实施方案中,组合物进一步包含选自高分子量聚合物或低分子量化合物的稳定剂。在本发明又一实施方案中,稳定剂选自聚乙二醇(例如,PEG3350),聚乙烯醇(PVA),聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,羧基-/羟基纤维素或其衍生物(例如,HPC,HPC-SL,HPC-L和HPMC),环糊精,含硫物质如一硫代甘油,巯基乙酸和2-甲基硫代乙醇,和不同的盐(例如,氯化钠)。这些具体的稳定剂各自构成本发明的可选择性实施方案。
药物组合物还可包含附加稳定剂,其进一步提高其中治疗活性蛋白的稳定性。本发明具体目标的稳定剂包括,但不限于,甲硫氨酸和EDTA,其保护范围免受甲硫氨酸氧化,和非离子表面活性剂,其保护蛋白免受与冻融或机械剪切有关的聚集。
在本发明又一实施方案中,组合物进一步包含表面活性剂。在本发明又一实施方案中,表面活性剂选自洗涤剂、乙氧基化蓖麻油、聚乙二醇化甘油酯,乙酰化单甘油酯,脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯嵌段聚合物(例如,泊咯沙姆如PluronicF68,泊咯沙姆188和407,TritonX-100),聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,聚氧乙烯和聚氧乙烯衍生物(如烷基化和烷氧基化衍生物)(吐温,如Tween-20,Tween-40,Tween-80和Brij-35),单甘油酯或其乙氧基化衍生物,二甘油酯或其聚氧乙烯衍生物,醇,甘油,凝集素和磷脂(例如,磷脂酰丝氨酸,磷脂酰胆碱,磷脂酰乙醇胺,磷脂酰肌醇,二磷脂酰甘油和鞘磷脂),磷脂衍生物(例如,二棕榈酰磷脂酸)和溶血磷脂(例如,棕榈酰溶血磷脂酰基-L-丝氨酸和乙醇胺、胆碱、丝氨酸或苏氨酸的1-酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸酯)和溶血磷脂酰基和磷脂酰胆碱的烷基,烷氧基(烷基酯),烷氧基(烷基醚)-衍生物,例如溶血磷脂酰胆碱、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱的月桂酰基和肉豆蔻酰基衍生物,和极性前部基团的修饰,它是胆碱、乙醇胺、磷脂酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、甘油、肌醇、和带正电的DODAC,DOTMA,DCP,BISHOP,溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸和溶血磷脂酰苏氨酸,和甘油磷脂(例如,脑磷脂),甘油糖脂(例如,半乳吡喃糖苷),鞘糖脂(例如,神经酰胺、神经节苷脂),十二烷基胆碱磷酸,肌卵溶血卵磷脂,夫西地酸衍生物-(例如,sodiumtauro-dihydrofusidate等),C6-C12长链脂肪酸及其盐(例如,油酸和辛酸),脂酰肉碱和衍生物,赖氨酸、精氨酸或组氨酸的Nα-乙酰化衍生物,或赖氨酸或精氨酸的侧链酰化衍生物,含有赖氨酸、精氨酸或组氨酸及中性或酸性氨基酸任意组合的二肽的Nα-酰化衍生物,含有中性氨基酸和两个带电氨基酸任意组合的三肽的Nα-酰化衍生物,DSS(多库脂钠,CAS登记号[577-11-7]),多库脂钙,CAS登记号[128-49-4]),多库脂钾,CAS登记号[7491-09-0]),SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠或月桂基硫酸钠),辛酸钠,胆酸或其衍生物,胆汁酸及其盐和甘氨酸或牛磺酸接合物,乌索脱氧胆酸,胆酸钠,脱氧胆酸钠,牛磺胆酸钠,甘氨胆酸钠,N-十六烷基-N,N-二甲基-3-铵-1-丙磺酸盐,阴离子(烷基-芳基-磺酸盐)一价表面活性剂,两性离子表面活性剂(例如,N-烷基-N,N-二甲铵-1-丙磺酸盐,3-氯氨基-1-丙基二甲铵-1-丙磺酸盐,阳离子表面活性剂(季铵碱)(例如,十六烷基-三甲铵溴化物,氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓),非离子表面活性剂(例如,十二烷基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷),poloxamines(例如,Tetronic’s),它们是由于向乙二胺中顺序加入氧化丙烯和氧化乙烯而得到的四功能嵌段共聚物,或表面活性剂选自咪唑啉衍生物或其混合物。这些具体的表面活性剂各自构成本发明的可选择性实施方案。
表面活性剂在药物组合物中的使用是本领域技术人员熟知的。可参考Remington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy,20thedition,2000。
其它成分也可存在于本发明的药物组合物中。这种附加成分可包括湿润剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂、膨胀剂、张力调节剂、螯合剂、金属离子、油质载体、蛋白(例如,人血清白蛋白、凝胶或蛋白)和两性离子(例如,氨基酸如甜菜碱、牛磺酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸)。这种附加成分,当然,不应不利地影响本发明药物组合物的整体稳定性。
可在患者需要这种治疗时,将本发明含肽接合物,如GH接合物的药物组合物给予患者的若干部位,如,局部,例如皮肤和粘膜部位,旁路吸收的部位,如,在动脉、静脉、心脏中给药,并在涉及吸收的部位给药,例如,在皮肤中、皮肤下、肌肉或腹部中给药。
本发明药物组合物的给药可在患者需要这种治疗时,通过若干给药途径进行,例如,舌、舌下、口腔、口服、胃和肠中、鼻、肺,例如通过细支气管和肺泡或其组合、表皮、真皮、透真皮、阴道、直肠、眼,例如通过结膜,输尿管和非肠道给予患者。
本发明的组合物可以若干剂型给药,例如,溶液、混悬液、乳液、微乳、复乳、泡沫、油膏、糊剂、硬膏剂、软膏剂、片剂、包衣片、冲洗剂、胶囊剂,例如硬明胶胶囊和软明胶胶囊、栓剂、直肠胶囊、滴剂、凝胶、喷雾剂、粉剂、气溶胶、吸入剂、滴眼剂、眼用软膏剂、眼用冲洗剂、阴道栓、阴道环、阴道软膏剂、注射用溶液、原位转化溶液,例如,原位胶凝、原位凝结、原位沉淀、原位结晶、输注溶液和植入物。
本发明的组合物可通过共价、疏水和静电相互作用而进一步在药物载体、药物递送系统和高级药物递送系统中复合或附于其上,以便进一步提高GH接合物的稳定性,增加生物可利用率,增加溶解度,降低副作用,实现本领域技术人员熟知的按照规定时间用药的疗法,并增加患者顺应性或其任意组合。载体、药物递送系统和高级药物递送系统的例子包括,但不限于,聚合物,例如,纤维素和衍生物、多糖,例如,葡聚糖和衍生物、淀粉和衍生物、聚(乙烯醇)、丙烯酸盐和异丁烯酸盐聚合物、聚乳酸和聚乙醇酸及其嵌段共聚物、聚乙二醇、载体蛋白,例如白蛋白、凝胶,例如,热胶凝系统,例如本领域技术人员熟知的嵌段共聚系统,微胶粒、脂质体、微球、毫微颗粒、液晶及其分散液、L2相及其分散液,脂类-水系统的相特性领域技术人员熟知的,聚合微胶粒、复乳、自我-乳化、自我-微乳化、环糊精及其衍生物,和树突状聚合物。
本发明组合物可用于固体、半固体、粉末和溶液的组合物中,用于肺给予肽接合物,如GH接合物,其中使用计量吸入器、干粉吸入器和喷雾器,所有装置为本领域技术人员熟知。
本发明的组合物特别用于控释、持续释放、延迟释放和缓慢释放的药物递送系统中。更具体而言,但不限于,组合物用于本领域技术人员熟知的非肠道控释和持续释放系统的组合物(两种系统均可导致给药次数减少多倍)中。甚至更优选皮下给药的控释和持续释放系统。不限制本发明的范围,有效的控释系统和组合物的例子是水凝胶、油凝胶、液晶、聚合微胶粒、微球、毫微颗粒。
生产用于本发明组合物的控释系统的方法包括,但不限于,结晶、冷凝、共-结晶、沉淀、乳化、分散、高压匀化、胶囊化、喷雾干燥、微囊化、凝聚、相分离、溶剂蒸发以产生微球,挤出和超临界流体方法。通常参考HandbookofPharmaceuticalControlledRelease(Wise,D.L.,ed.MarcelDekker,NewYork,2000)和DrugandthePharmaceuticalSciencesvol.99:ProteinCompositionandDelivery(MacNally,E.J.,ed.MarcelDekker,NewYork,2000)。
非胃肠道给药可利用注射器,任选笔-样注射器通过皮下、肌内、腹膜内或静脉内注射进行。可选择性地,非肠道给药可利用输注泵进行。另一选择是可以是用于给予肽接合物的溶液或混悬液,如,鼻或肺喷雾剂形式的GH接合物的组合物。作为又一选择,本发明含肽接合物,如GH接合物的药物组合物还可适于透真皮给药,例如,没有针的注射或从贴剂、任选离子电渗贴剂,或透粘膜,如口腔给药。
术语“稳定的组合物”是指物理稳定性增加、化学稳定性增加或物理和化学稳定性增加的组合物。
此处所用术语蛋白组合物的“物理稳定性”是指由于蛋白与热-机械应力接触和/或与不稳定的界面和表面,如疏水表面和界面相互作用而形成蛋白的生物非活性和/或不溶聚集体的趋势。含水蛋白组合物的物理稳定性是装在适宜容器(例如,药筒或小瓶)中的组合物在不同温度下与机械/物理应力(例如,搅拌)接触不同时间后,通过目测和/或浊度测量而评价的。组合物的目测在具有黑暗背景的急速聚光灯中进行的。组合物的浊度特征是按照0-3排列的浊度程度的目测得分(显示没有浊度的组合物相当于目测得分为0分,在日光下显示可见浊度的组合物相当于目测得分为3分)。根据蛋白聚集,当在日光下显示可见浊度时,将组合物归为物理不稳定的。可选择性地,组合物的浊度可通过本领域技术人员熟知的简单浊度测量而评价。含水蛋白组合物的物理稳定性还可通过使用蛋白的分光剂或构象状态的探针而评价。该探针优选是小分子,其优先接合蛋白的非-天然构象异构体。蛋白结构的小分子分光探针的其中一个例子是ThioflavinT。ThioflavinT是一种已经广泛用于检测淀粉状蛋白原纤的荧光染料。在原纤存在的条件下,且可能还存在其它蛋白构型,当与原纤蛋白形式结合时,ThioflavinT在约450nm处引起新的最大激发且约482nm处的发射提高。未结合的ThioflavinT在该波长处本质上是非-荧光的。
其它小分子可被用作蛋白结构从天然向非-天然状态改变的探针。例如,“疏水片”探针优先结合蛋白已暴露的疏水片。疏水片通常隐藏在天然状态的蛋白三级结构中,但随着蛋白的伸展或变性而开始暴露。这些小分子分光探针的例子是芳香的、疏水染料,如antrhacene,吖啶,菲吡啉等。其它分光探针是金属-氨基酸络合物,如疏水氨基酸,如苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸和缬氨酸等的钴金属络合物。
此处所用术语蛋白组合物的“化学稳定性”是指导致与天然蛋白结构相比,生物效能潜在降低和/或免疫原性潜在增加的化学降解产物形成的蛋白结构中的化学共价变化。根据天然蛋白的类型和性质,以及蛋白暴露的环境不同,可形成各种化学降解产物。绝大多数情况下,化学降解的消除不能完全避免,且常常在蛋白组合物的储存和使用过程中见到化学降解产物的量增加,这是本领域技术人员熟知的。绝大多数蛋白均倾向脱酰氨基,即谷酰基或天门冬酰基中的侧链酰胺基被水解形成游离羧酸的过程。其它降解途径包括形成高分子量转化产物,其中两个或多个蛋白分子通过酰胺基转移和/或二硫化物相互作用而彼此共价结合,导致形成共价结合的二聚物、低聚物和聚合物降解产物(StabilityofProteinPharmaceuticals,Ahern.T.J.&ManningM.C.,PlenumPress,NewYork1992)。(例如,甲硫氨酸残基的)氧化可作为化学降解的另一变形提及。蛋白组合物的化学稳定性可通过在与不同环境条件接触(降解产物的形成常常可通过提高温度而促进)后,测量不同时间点的化学降解产物量而评价。各单独降解产物的量常常通过根据分子大小和/或电荷,使用各种色谱技术(例如,SEC-HPLC和/或RP-HPLC)分离而测定。
因此,正如上面所述,“稳定的组合物”是指物理稳定性增加、化学稳定性增加或物理和化学稳定性增加的组合物。一般而言,组合物必须在使用和储存过程中稳定(按照建议的使用和储存条件)直到有效期。
在本发明其中一个实施方案中,含GH接合物的药物组合物可稳定使用超过6周,且稳定储存超过3年。
在本发明另一实施方案中,含GH接合物的药物组合物可稳定使用超过4周,且稳定储存超过3年。
在本发明又一实施方案中,含GH接合物的药物组合物可稳定使用超过4周,且稳定储存超过2年。
在本发明又一实施方案中,含GH接合物的药物组合物可稳定使用超过2周,且稳定储存超过2年。
此处引证的所有参考文献,包括公开出版物、专利申请和专利都全文引入此处作为参考,其程度与每篇文献单独且特定地全文引入此处作为参考(至法律允许的最大程度)相当。
此处所用的所有标题和副标题仅仅是为了方便,而不应解释为以任何方式限制本发明。
除非另有要求,此处提供的任意和所有实施例,或举例性文字(例如,“如”)的使用仅仅是为了更好地举例说明本发明,而不是对本发明范围的限制。说明书中的文字不应被解释为任何未-要求保护的部分是本发明实践所必需的。
此处专利文献的引证和引入仅仅是为了方便而进行的,不能反映这类专利文献的有效性、专利性和/或强制性。
本发明包括适用法律许可的、权利要求中描述的主题的所有改进和等价物。
实施例
将溶于适宜溶剂,如水中的接合肽与5-1000倍过量的第一化合物(上面所讨论的)混合,并加入转谷氨酰胺酶。适宜的转谷氨酰胺酶是,例如,自茂原链霉菌,利迪链霉菌或豚鼠肝脏中分离出来的那些。所加入的转谷氨酰胺酶的量取决于所需反应率。加入的酶越多,则反应进行得越快。温度可以为室温或稍高至约40℃。当反应已经达到所需点,即,接合肽的所需部分已经官能化的点,加入第二化合物(上面所讨论的),从而提供接合肽。随后可通过柱技术纯化接合肽。在反应顺序之前,还可包括一个或多个附加纯化步骤,例如,除去过量的第一化合物或除去酶。在第二步中,可升高温度以增加反应率,这与酶活性无关。典型的反应条件可在Biochem.,35,13072-13080,1996,BioconjugateChem.,11,502-509,2000,和BioconjugateChem.,12,701-710,1991中找到。
缩写词
TGase:根据US5156956,来源于茂原链霉菌或根据WO9606931-A1,来源于利迪链霉菌的微生物转谷氨酰胺酶。
分析方法:
Maldi-T质谱
使用AutoflexMaldi-T仪器(Bruker)测定分子量。根据夹层方法制备样品。基质1是10mgα-氰基-4-羟基-肉桂酸溶于1ml丙酮的溶液。基质2是10mgα-氰基-4-羟基-肉桂酸溶于1ml50%乙腈水溶液中的溶液。通过顺序涂覆1μl基质1,风干,涂覆1μl3%三氟乙酸,涂覆1μl样品,涂覆1μl基质2,风干,通过用水冲洗目标平板而洗涤并最后风干而制备样品。使用20%激光能量和仪器提供的3-20kDa范围的标准方法获得光谱。
RP-HPLC.
RP-HPLC分析在装有Waters996二极管阵列检测器的Waters2690分离模块上进行。用Vydac218TP544.6mm×250mm5μmC-18硅胶柱(TheSeparationsGroup,Hesperia),利用UV在214nm,254nm,280nm和301nm处检测。柱子用0.1%三氟乙酸/H2O平衡,并在42℃下,50分钟内,用0-90%乙腈、0.1%三氟乙酸/H2O梯度洗脱,流速0.5ml/分。
LC-MS
LC-MS分析是在装有两个PerkinElmerSeries200微型泵、PerkinElmerSeries200自动采样机、AppliedBiosystems785AUV检测器和Sedex75蒸发散射检测器的PE-SciexAPI100质谱仪上进行的。室温下,以1.5ml/分钟洗脱WatersXterra3.0mm×50mm5μC-18硅胶柱。用5%乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸/H2O平衡,用5%乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸/H2O洗脱1.0分钟,然后在7分钟内,用90%乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸/H2O线性梯度洗脱。通过214nm处UV检测和蒸发光散射检测。将柱洗脱液部分引入到PE-SciexAPI100质谱仪的离子喷射界面中。在运行过程中,每隔2秒扫描质量范围300-2000amu。
Edman测序:
基本上按照制造商所述,使用AppliedBiosystemModel494蛋白测序仪,通过自动Edman降解测定氨基酸序列。通常,使用50pmol肽进行分析。PEG化或脂肪酸衍生的氨基酸残基显示空白Edman周期。
蛋白质的量化
使用UV-分光光度计,通过测量280nm处的吸光度评价蛋白浓度。使用16170M+1cm+1摩尔消光系数。根据体积和浓度计算量。
酶肽绘图用于测定衍生位点
蛋白绘图是使用还原和烷基化蛋白的Asp-N消化进行的。首先,根据标准过程,用DTT(二硫苏塘醇)和碘乙酰胺处理蛋白。使用HPLC纯化烷基化产物。随后,以1∶100的酶:底物比,用内蛋白酶Asp-N(Boehringer)消化烷基化纯化产物过夜。使用C-18柱和标准三氟乙酸/乙腈缓冲液系统HPLC分离消化物。将所得肽图与未-衍生的hGH进行比较,收集具有不同保留时间的部分,并使用Maldi-tof质谱仪进一步分析。
SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳
SDS聚-丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳是使用NuPAGE4%-12%Bis-Tris凝胶(InvitrogenNP0321BOX)进行的。将凝胶银染色(InvitrogenLC6100)或考马斯染色(InvitrogenLC6065),并按照M.M.Kurfurst在Anal.Biochem.200(2):244-248,1992中所述,用碘化钡相对于PEG染色。
hGH与mPEG或与亲脂部分接合的举例流程
I.hGH,人生长激素
II.Nε141-(2-羟基-3-氨基-丙基)hGH
III.Nε141-(2-氧代-乙基)hGH
IV.Nε141-[2-(4-(4-(mPEG基)丁酰基)-氨基-丁氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH
V.Nε141-[2-(1-(十六酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH
实施例1.hGH(I.)的氨基转移,产生Nε141-(2-羟基-3-氨基-丙基)hGH(II.)
将hGH(I.)(200mg)溶于磷酸盐缓冲液(50mM,pH8.0,14ml)中。
将该溶液与1,3-二氨基-丙-2-醇(378mg)溶于磷酸盐缓冲液(50mM,1ml,pH8.0,1,3-二氨基-丙-2-醇溶解后,用稀盐酸调节pH至8.0)中的溶液混合。
最后,加入TGase(18mg~40U)溶于磷酸盐缓冲液(50mM,pH8.0,1ml)的溶液,并通过加入磷酸盐缓冲液(50mM,pH8)调节体积至10ml,得到0.2M浓度的1,3-二氨基-丙-2-醇。37℃培养混合物4小时。
将温度降至室温,并加入N-乙基-马来酰亚胺至1mM终浓度。
1小时后,用10个体积的tris缓冲液(50mM,pH8.5)稀释混合物。
实施例2.Nε141-(2-羟基-3-氨基-丙基)hGH(II.)的离子交换色谱
将实施例1所得溶液上样于用缓冲液A(50mMtris,pH8.5)预平衡的MonoQ10/100GL柱(AmershamBiosciencescat.No.17-5167-01)上。然后在40分钟内,以2ml/分钟流速,用3%-6%梯度的溶于缓冲液A的缓冲液B(50mMtris,2MNaCl,pH8.5)洗脱。基于280nm的UV吸收采集相应部分,并对所选择的部分进行Maldi-T分析。收集根据Maldi-T质谱,与显示预期mw的最大峰相对应的部分。
实施例3Nε141-(2-羟基-3-氨基-丙基)hGH(II.)的特征描述
实施例2收集的混合物的肽绘图表明Asp-N片段AA130-146显示质量增加了73amu,相当于在谷氨酰胺残基侧链中加入了氨基醇。这是仅有的肽,与天然hGH相比,HPLC绘图的保留时间发生改变。该片段含有两个谷氨酰胺残基。该肽经历Edman测序且发现了预期产率的Gln-137,而Gln-141显示空白Edman周期。推断出该衍生在Gln-141处选择发生。
实施例4.N-(4-氨氧基-丁基)-4-mPEG基-丁酰胺的合成,其中mPEG基是多分散性的且具有约20kDa的分子量
步骤1:2-(4-(叔-丁氧基羰基氨氧基)丁基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮
向商购的N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺(2.82g,10mmol)和N-Boc-羟胺(2.08g,15.6mmol)的混合物中加入乙腈(2ml),接着加入1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(2.25ml,15mmol)。室温搅拌反应混合物30分钟,然后在50℃下搅拌2天。用水(30ml)和1N盐酸(20ml)混合物稀释。用醋酸乙酯(2×100ml)萃取。用盐水(50ml)洗涤有机相并在硫酸镁上干燥。通过色谱法在硅胶(60g)上纯化粗产物,其中使用庚烷/醋酸乙酯1∶0-0∶1梯度作为洗脱剂,得到2.08g2-(4-(叔-丁氧羰基氨氧基)丁基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮。
步骤2:N-(4-氨基丁氧基)氨基甲酸叔-丁酯
将水合肼(1.0ml,20mmol)加入到2-(4-(叔-丁氧羰基氨氧基)丁基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮(2.08g,6.22mmol)溶于乙醇(8.0ml)的溶液中。80℃搅拌反应混合物65h。真空除去溶剂。将残渣溶于甲苯(10ml)中并真空除去溶剂。将残渣混悬于1N盐酸(10ml)中。通过过滤除去沉淀并用水(2ml)洗涤。混合滤液和洗涤液并用碳酸钾制成碱性。用二氯甲烷(4×20ml)萃取溶液。在硫酸镁上干燥有机层。真空除去溶剂,得到0.39gN-(4-氨基丁氧基)氨基甲酸叔-丁酯。向水相中加入碳酸钾(3g),用二氯甲烷(3×20ml)萃取。在硫酸镁上干燥这些混合有机层。真空除去溶剂,得到另外0.39gN-(4-氨基丁氧基)氨基甲酸叔-丁酯。
步骤3:N-(4-(4-(mPEG20000基)丁酰氨基)丁氧基)氨基甲酸叔-丁酯
将可商业得到的mPEG2000基丁酸的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(Nektar“mPEG-SBA”,#2M450P01,3g,0.15mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(25ml)中。加入N-(4-氨基丁氧基)氨基甲酸叔-丁酯(0.12g,0.59mmol)。室温振荡反应混合物。加入二乙醚直到获得沉淀。过滤分离沉淀。将该物质真空干燥,得到2.39gN-(4-(4-(mPEG20000基)丁酰氨基)丁氧基)氨基甲酸叔-丁酯。
步骤4:N-(4-氨氧基丁基)-4-(mPEG20000基)丁酰胺
将三氟乙酸(20ml)加入到N-(4-(4-(mPEG20000基)丁酰氨基)丁氧基)氨基甲酸叔-丁酯(2.39g,0.12mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(20ml)的溶液中。振荡反应混合物30分钟。加入二乙醚(100ml)。过滤分离所形成的沉淀。用二乙醚(2×100ml)洗涤并真空干燥,得到1.96gN-(4-氨氧基丁基)-4-(mPEG20000基)丁酰胺。
实施例5.氧化Nε141-(2-羟基-3-氨基-丙基)hGH(II.)得到Nε141-(2-氧代-etyl)hGH(III.)
使用AmiconUltra-15超滤装置(Millipore),将含48.7mg(II.)实施例2混合部分的缓冲液与15mM三乙醇胺pH8.5(用1N盐酸调节)缓冲液交换4次。最后,将溶液浓缩至2ml。向其中加2ml100mM甲硫氨酸溶于15mMpH8.5三乙醇胺缓冲液的溶液。最后,加入0.4ml25mM过碘酸钠水溶液,室温培养该混合物30分钟。然后在冰上冷却,并加入1.6ml冰冷的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
实施例6.用N-(4-氨氧基-丁基)-4-mPEG基-丁酰胺将Nε141-(2-氧代-etyl)hGH(III.)肟化,得到Nε141-[2-(4-(4-(mPEG基)丁酰基)-氨基-丁氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH(IV.),其中mPEG基是多分散性的且具有约20kDa的分子量
将380mgN-(4-氨氧基-丁基)-4-mPEG基-丁酰胺溶于4ml水中,并用1N盐酸调节至pH6.0。然后在轻度混合下,缓慢加入实施例5所得混合物,并在室温下反应72小时。
实施例7.Nε141-[2-(4-(4-(mPEG基)丁酰基)-氨基-丁氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH(IV.)的离子交换色谱,其中mPEG基是多分散性的且具有约20kDa的分子量
将实施例6所得溶液上样于用缓冲液A(50mMtris,pH8.5)预平衡的MonoQ10/100GL柱(AmershamBiosciencescat.No.17-5167-01)上。然后在1120分钟内,以0.5ml/分钟的流速,用溶于缓冲液A的0%-7%缓冲液B(50mMtris,2MNaCl,pH8.5)梯度洗脱。基于280nm处的UV吸收采集部分并在所选部分上进行Maldi-T分析。收集根据Maldi-T质谱,与显示预期mw的最大峰相对应的部分。Maldi-T分析给出集中在43130Da周围的宽峰,这与mPEG的多分散性一致。SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示具有清晰可见的60kDa分子量的单一带。将带用银和碘化钡染色,证实它是PEG衍生的蛋白。这些分析结果证实分离出来的产物化合物是hGH的单peg化衍生物。
实施例8.1-[4-(2-(氨氧基)乙基)哌啶-1-基]十六-1-酮的合成
步骤1:
4-[2-(甲苯-4-磺酰氧基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔-丁酯
将甲苯磺酰氯(4.16g,21.8mmol)加入到商业可得到的4-(2-羟乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸酯叔-丁酯(例如,Aldrich54,724-7,5.0g,21.8mmol)和三乙胺(4.25ml,30.5mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(100ml)的溶液中。室温搅拌反应混合物16小时。用醋酸乙酯(300ml)稀释并用10%硫酸氢钠水溶液(200ml)洗涤。用醋酸乙酯(150ml)萃取水相。用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液(250ml)洗涤混合的有机层并在硫酸镁上干燥。真空除去溶剂。在硅胶(80g)上,通过闪烁柱色谱纯化粗产物,其中首先使用1∶2,然后是1∶1的醋酸乙酯/庚烷作为洗脱剂,得到6.04g4-[2-(甲苯-4-磺酰氧基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔-丁酯。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ1.05(m,2H);1.45(s,9H);1.55(m,5H);2.50(s,3H);2.65(t,2H);4.05(m,4H);7.35(d,2H);7.80(d,2H).
步骤2:
4-[2-(1,3-二氧代-1,3-二氢异吲哚-2-基氧)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔-丁酯
0℃下,将氢化钠溶于矿物油(0.69g,17.2mmol)的60%混悬液加入到N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(2.80g,17.2mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(20ml)的溶液中。0℃搅拌反应混合物45分钟。连续加入4-[2-(甲苯-4-磺酰氧基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔-丁酯(5.99g,15.6mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(15ml)和碘化四丁铵(0.17g,0.47mmol)的溶液。将反应混合物加热至60℃2天并冷却至室温。小心加入水(5ml)。用醋酸乙酯(250ml)稀释反应混合物并用10%硫酸氢钠水溶液(200ml)洗涤。用醋酸乙酯(200ml)萃取水相。用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液(150ml)洗涤混合有机层,并在硫酸镁上干燥。真空除去溶剂。在硅胶(80g)上,通过闪烁色谱纯化粗产物,其中使用醋酸乙酯/庚烷1∶1作为洗脱剂,得到4.36g4-[2-(1,3-二氧代-1,3-二氢异吲哚-2-基氧)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔-丁酯。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ1.15(m,2H);1.50(s,9H);1.75(m,5H);2.75(m,2H);4.10(m,2H);4.30(t,2H);7.80(m,4H).
步骤3:
2-(2-(哌啶-4-基)乙氧基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮
将三氟乙酸(20ml)加入到4-[2-(1,3-二氧代-1,3-二氢异吲哚-2-基氧)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔-丁酯(4.26g,11.4mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(20ml)的溶液中。室温搅拌反应混合物50分钟。真空除去溶剂,将残渣溶于二氯甲烷(50ml)中并真空除去溶剂。后一过程重复2次,得到6.46g2-(2-(哌啶-4-基)乙氧基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮的粗三氟乙酸盐。
MS:m/z=275[M+1+]
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ1.30(m,2H);1.65(m,2H);1.90(m,3H);2.90(q,2H);3.30(d,2H);4.20(t,2H);7.90(s,4H);8.30(br,1H);8.65(br,1H).
步骤4:
2-[2-(1-(十六酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙氧基]异吲哚-1,3-二酮
0℃下,将1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(1.04g,5.44mmol)加入到棕榈酸(1.40g,5.44mmol)和3,4-二氢-3-羟基-4-氧代-1,2,3-苯并三唑(0.89g,5.44mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(20ml)和二氯甲烷(20ml)的溶液中。0℃搅拌反应混合物20分钟。连续加入2-(2-(哌啶-4-基)乙氧基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮(2.11g,5.44mmol)的三氟乙酸盐溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5ml)和乙基二异丙胺(6.19ml,38.1mmol)的溶液。搅拌反应混合物16小时,温热至室温。用醋酸乙酯(150ml)稀释并用10%硫酸氢钠水溶液(150ml)洗涤。用醋酸乙酯萃取水相。用水(50ml)和碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液(50ml)的混合物洗涤混合有机层并在硫酸镁上干燥。通过闪烁色谱在硅胶(40g)上纯化粗产物,其中使用醋酸乙酯/庚烷1∶1作为洗脱剂,得到1.52g2-[2-(1-(十六酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙氧基]异吲哚-1,3-二酮。
MS:m/z=513[M+1+]
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ0.90(t,3H);1.10(m,2H);1.25(m,26H);1.45(m,2H);1.65(m,1H);1.80(m,2H);2.30(t,2H);2.95(t,1H);3.85(m,3H);4.20(t,2H);4.40(d,1H);7.90(s,4H).
步骤5:
将水合肼(0.14ml,2.96mmol)加入到2-[2-(1-(十六酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙氧基]异吲哚-1,3-二酮(1.52g,2.96mmol)溶于乙醇(30ml)的溶液。将反应混合物加热回流75分钟并冷却至室温。过滤除去形成的沉淀。真空除去溶剂。通过闪烁色谱在硅胶(30g)上纯化粗产物,其中使用二氯甲烷/甲醇/25%氨水(100∶10∶1)的混合物作为洗脱剂,得到800mg1-[4-(2-(氨氧基)乙基)哌啶-1-基]十六-1-酮。
MS:m/z=383[M+1+]
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ0.80(t,3H);1.25(m,2H);1.60(m,26H);1.70(m,4H);1.65(m,3H);2.708t,2H);2.60(t,1H);3.05(t,1H);3.80(m,3H);4.60(d,1H).
实施例9.Z-Gln-Gly氨基转移得到[4-(3-氨基-2-羟基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-2-苄氧基羰氨基-丁酰氨基]-乙酸
将30mgZ-Gln-Gly(BachemC1635)溶于磷酸盐缓冲液(50mM,pH8.0,2ml)中。
向其中加入1,3-二氨基-丙-2-醇(9mg)溶于磷酸盐缓冲液(50mM,pH8.0,1,3-二氨基-丙-2-醇溶液后调节至pH8.0,0.9ml)的溶液。最后,加入TGase(0.9mg~2U)溶于磷酸盐缓冲液(50mM,pH8.0,0.1ml)的溶液并在37℃下培养该混合物4小时。将温度降至室温并加入N-乙基-马来酰亚胺至1mM终浓度。1小时后,用10个体积的水稀释混合物。在填装了7μmC-18硅胶的25mm×250mm柱上,通过半制备型HPLC从该溶液分离产物。在40℃下,以10ml/分钟用10-30%乙腈溶于0.1%三氟乙酸/H2O的梯度洗脱柱子50分钟。收集与主要峰相对应的含肽部分,用约3个体积的H2O稀释至30ml并冻干。通过RP-HPLC描述所得终产物,它具有12.75分钟的保留时间,并通过LC-MS描述,其中1.9分钟的保留时间具有于411.5amu的M+H+相对应的质量峰,其于预期结构相一致。
实施例10.[4-(3-氨基-2-羟基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-2-苄氧基羰氨基-丁酰氨基]-乙酸的氧化,得到[2-苄氧羰氨基-4-(2-氧代-乙基氨基甲酰基)-丁酰氨基]-乙酸
将0.8mg[4-(3-氨基-2-羟基-丙基氨基甲酰基)-2-苄氧羰氨基-丁酰氨基]-乙酸溶于4ml15mM三乙醇胺pH8.5(用1N盐酸调节)中。向其中加入1ml173mM甲硫氨酸水溶液。最后,加入24mM过碘酸钠水溶液,并在0℃培养混合物10分钟。
实施例11.[2-苄氧羰氨基-4-(2-氧代-乙基氨基甲酰基)-丁酰氨基]-乙酸的肟化,形成(2-苄氧羰氨基-4-{2-[2-(1-十六酰基-哌啶-4-基)-乙氧基亚氨基]-乙基氨基甲酰基}-丁酰氨基)-乙酸
将2mg1-[4-(2-(氨氧基)乙基)哌啶-1-基]十六-1-酮溶于3mlN,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,并在冰上冷却该溶液。向0.53ml该溶液中加入1.38ml实施例10的反应混合物,并使混合物在0℃反应过夜。RP-HPLC证实新产物的形成。它是以分析规模,通过RP-HPLC分离的,并经过Maldi-TOF质谱,其产生与与其结构相一致的、相当于M+H+:744.7amu的峰。
实施例12.Nε141-(2-羟基-3-氨基-丙基)hGH(II.)的氧化,得到Nε141-(2-氧代-etyl)hGH(III.)
将5mgNε141-(2-羟基-3-氨基-丙基)hGH(II.)溶于0.5ml15mM三乙醇胺缓冲液pH8.5(用1N盐酸调节)中。向其中加入0.13ml173mM甲硫氨酸水溶液。最后,加入0.06ml24mM过碘酸钠水溶液,0℃培养混合物10分钟。
实施例13.用1-[4-(2-(氨氧基)乙基)哌啶-1-基]十六-1-酮将Nε141(2-氧代-etyl)hGH(III.)肟化,得到Nε141-[2-(1-(十六酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH(V.).
将2mg1-[4-(2-(氨氧基)乙基)哌啶-1-基]十六-1-酮溶于3mlN,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,并在冰上冷却该溶液。加入0.14ml实施例12的反应混合物,并使该混合物在0℃反应过夜。
实施例14Nε141-[2-(1-(十六酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH(V.)的特性描述
将以分析规模,通过RP-HPLC分级分离实施例13的粗反应混合物等分试样,并对该部分进行Maldi-TOF质谱。使根据产物结构预期的具有预期分子量的部分经过肽绘图。该图表明Asp-N片断AA130-146限制质量增加了407amu,这相当于在谷氨酰胺残基的侧链中加入了2-(1-(十六酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙氧基亚氨基)-乙基。这是仅有的肽,与天然hGH相比,在HPLC图中的保留时间发生了变化。该片断含有两个谷氨酰胺残基。该肽经过Edman测序且发现了预期产率的Gln-137,而Gln-141显示空白Edman周期。推断出,衍生在Gln-141处选择性发生。
Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中Z选自直链和支链PEG和mPEG基团。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中所述生长激素是生长激素化合物。
4.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中所述化合物在对应于人生长激素的141位接合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其药学可接受的盐,所述化合物选自
Nε141-[2-(4-(4-(mPEG(20k)基丁酰基)-氨基-丁氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH,
Nε141-[2-(1-(十六酰基)哌啶-4-基)乙氧基亚氨基)-乙基]hGH,
Nε141(2-(4-(4-(1,3-双(mPEG(20k)基氨基羰氧基)丙-2-基氧)丁酰氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH,
Nε141(2-(4-(2,6-双(mPEG(20k)基氧基羰基氨基)己酰氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH,
Nε141(2-(4-(4-(mPEG(30k)基氧基)丁酰氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH,
Nε141(2-(4-(4-(mPEG(20k)基氧基)丁酰氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH,和
Nε141(2-(4-(3-(mPEG(30k)基氧基)丙酰氨基)丁氧基亚氨基)乙基)hGH;
其中mPEG(20k)基和mPEG(30k)基分别表示具有低于1.06多分散性指数的mPEG(20k)基和mPEG(30k)基。
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Also Published As
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JP2011219480A (ja) | 2011-11-04 |
CN103215328B (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
EP2368579A1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
WO2005070468A3 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
EP1708755A2 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
CN103215328A (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
ATE550041T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
EP2033662B1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
EP1708755B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
EP2842576A1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
EP2033662A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
RU2006126331A (ru) | 2008-02-27 |
JP2007518747A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
CN1909930A (zh) | 2007-02-07 |
JP4874811B2 (ja) | 2012-02-15 |
BRPI0506864A (pt) | 2007-05-29 |
JP5583635B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
DK2842576T3 (en) | 2017-10-16 |
ES2642214T3 (es) | 2017-11-15 |
WO2005070468A2 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
RU2385879C2 (ru) | 2010-04-10 |
AU2005205867A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
ES2397241T3 (es) | 2013-03-05 |
EP2842576B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
CA2552043A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
MXPA06008209A (es) | 2006-08-31 |
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