CN1960968B - 十二烷硫醇的混合物、及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
十二烷硫醇的混合物、及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C319/22—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
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- C07C319/26—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- C07C321/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
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Abstract
通过硫化氢在正丁烯三聚物上的催化反应的方法制备的十二烷硫醇异构体的混合物,在19毫巴下具有这样的蒸馏温度图表,点50为123℃±1℃且点20和点80之间的差小于或等于4℃。蒸馏点20、50和80对应于这样的温度,在该温度下20、50和80重量%的混合物转变为气相。一种制备所述十二烷硫醇的方法及其在自由基(共)聚合反应中作为链转移剂的用途和用于在碱性催化剂存在下通过使该混合物与硫反应合成二叔十二烷基多硫化物。
Description
本发明涉及十二烷硫醇的混合物、它的制备方法和它的用途,特别是在自由基聚合反应中作为链转移剂的用途。
申请FR 2 531 426教导了通过硫化氢在烯烃上的作用来制备叔烷基硫醇,特别是叔十二烷基硫醇的方法。这篇文献具体地公开了进行在工业规模上使用的方法和使用四丙烯作为起始物料以合成以下称为TDM 4P的叔十二烷基硫醇。这篇文献还提及了使用由三异丁烯(其产生十二烯的两种异构体的混合物:4,4-二甲基-2-新戊基-1-戊烯和2,2,4,6,6-五甲基-3-庚烯)开始得到两种对应的叔十二烷基硫醇的混合物(下文中称为TDM 3B)的这类方法。
烷基硫醇,特别是叔烷基硫醇,广泛地用于工业聚合反应中,因为它们可降低聚合物链长度和减少它们的分子量。如此获得的聚合物具有较低的粘度,其在特定的用途中常常是必要的,例如用于使塑料易于通过标准技术诸如注塑成形。
可商业购得的四丙烯通过在受控的温度和压力条件下在酸催化剂如无机酸例如H3PO4和H2SO4,或者在有机金属催化剂如烷基铝或碱金属的存在下,通过丙烯低聚而获得。
四丙烯相当于具有10-14个碳原子的烯烃(C10-C14单烯烃)的混合物,其中含有12个碳原子的烯烃(也称为十二碳烯或C12烯烃)的含量为55-85重量%,并且更具体地为60-80重量%。这些烯烃各自以双键的位置异构体形式和几何异构体形式存在于所述混合物中。十二烯相当于丙烯的四聚物,并且C10、C11、C13和C14烯烃的存在(在由产生C12的丙烯低聚反应获得的产物中)是由副反应产生的。
为了能够在取决于目标用途的技术上和经济上更好地响应市场的需求,总是期望具有可获得的拓宽范围的TDM。
因此,本发明的一个主题是十二烷硫醇异构体的混合物,其是通过硫化氢与正丁烯三聚物的催化反应制备的,并且显示出在19毫巴下点50为123℃±1℃并且点20和点80之间的温度差小于或等于4℃的蒸馏温度图。
蒸馏的点20、50和80理解为是指这样的温度,在该温度下20、50和80重量%的混合物分别已成为气相。
本发明的另一主题是十二烷硫醇异构体混合物的制备方法,其特征在于使硫化氢与三(正丁烯)在催化剂存在下反应。
术语“三(正丁烯)”是要表示由正丁烯在通常与上述相同的催化剂体系存在下低聚而获得的单烯烃混合物。存在于所述混合物中的烯烃通常含有11-13个碳原子,其中十二烯的重量含量大于90重量%,和甚至大于95重量%。三(正丁烯)是商业可购得的。
令人吃惊地,已发现根据本发明的方法产生与在专利FR 2 531 426公开的那些所得产物不相同的产物。具体地说,该产物(其为异构体混合物)显示出与由四丙烯或三异丁烯获得的TDM混合物的实质上不相同的蒸馏温度图。
这种差异可由所用的三(正丁烯)反应物的性质来解释,其导致比TDM 4P产品的那些大得多的在混合物异构体行为上的均一性。至于与TDM 3B产品的比较,可指出的是本发明的混合物具有实质上大于TDM沸点的点50,其行为像实际上的纯物质一样。除了这个差异之外,应强调的是本发明混合物的合成,其在处理程度(process level)上非常接近TDM 4P产品采用的合成,避免了TDM 3B产品合成所显示的中间体的热稳定性的问题。
蒸馏在Cadiot“旋带精馏”塔上无回流和在19毫巴的压力下进行。对TDM 4P和本发明混合物进行的测量示于下表1中。
表1
%馏出的TDM | 蒸馏温度(℃) | %馏出的本发明的混合物 | 蒸馏温度(℃) |
10% | 97 | 10% | 116 |
20% | 106 | 19% | 122 |
29% | 109 | 29% | 122 |
40% | 113 | 40% | 123 |
54% | 114 | 49% | 123 |
64% | 118 | 59% | 123 |
72% | 118 | 70% | 124 |
81% | 121 | 83% | 125 |
工业上,本发明的混合物是含有11-13个碳原子的硫醇的复杂混合物,但具有大于90重量%,优选大于95重量%的十二烷硫醇含量。
通过比较,由四丙烯获得的混合物具有在水平方面实质上不同的蒸馏图,点50低10℃(10℃ lower);在与本发明混合物的3或4℃相比时,TDM 4P的点20和50之间的差为15℃。
可用于根据本发明的方法中的催化剂可以选自酸化合物、金属氧化物或这两种产品的组合。作为酸化合物,可使用固态或液态的并且在反应介质中可混溶或不混溶的路易斯酸和/或布朗斯台德酸,例如选自有机或无机酸、矾土、粘土、硅石或硅石-矾土、沸石、杂多酸或者弱酸性或强酸性阳离子交换树脂。在具有可用作催化剂的氧化物的金属中,可以提及铬、钴、钼、钨、锆、铌或镍。
优选使用阳离子交换树脂作为催化剂。
本领域技术人员已知的作为阳离子交换剂的含有酸官能团的各种聚合物和共聚物因此是合适的。特别地,可以使用交联的、特别地具有二乙烯基苯的基于磺化聚苯乙烯的树脂、含有自由羧基的丙烯酸类树脂或苯基丙烯酸类树脂、衍生自苯酚磺酸的酚醛型树脂、或木素磺酸类交换剂。这种类型的树脂以各种名称售卖。还更优选使用磺化苯乙烯/二乙烯基苯共聚物树脂,其可以名称商业购得。
硫化氢与烯烃的摩尔比至少为1(相当于化学计量)并且通常为1-100,优选1-20,还更优选1-5。
实施根据本发明方法的温度取决于所用的催化剂,并且通常为10-250℃,优选50-150℃,以及还更优选70-120℃。压力可等于或大于大气压。它通常为5-80巴,优选10-50巴,以及还更优选10-20巴。
所述方法可连续或间歇地进行。优选连续地进行。
时空间速度,其定义为烯烃体积的每小时流速与催化剂体积之比,强烈地取决于所用的催化剂活性。它通常为0.01-100h-1,优选0.1-10h-1,且还更优选0.2-2h-1。
使用本领域技术人员已知的全部常规的方法分离反应产物,所述产物可含有形成的硫醇、未反应的硫化氢和未转化的烯烃。通常使用减压蒸馏,以从形成的硫醇中分离未转化的烯烃。
本发明的另一个主题是在自由基(共)聚合反应中作为链转移剂的用途或在多硫化物合成中作为起始物料的用途。
当本发明的混合物在自由基聚合反应中作为链转移剂时,使得可获得具有实质上降低的粘度的聚合物(或塑料)。此外,当它用于多硫化物制备时,它也产生对于粘度显示实质性差异的最终材料。这些性能在实际水平上是特别有利的。例如它们使得塑料可通过标准注塑工艺更快地成形,由此可使模制物体的生产线的生产量增加。例如在苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物的情况下,它们也可降低转移剂的用量,所述转移剂对于具有所需流变性的共聚物的制造来说是必要的,例如对于它用作纸张涂层的粘合剂的目的来说是必要的。
通过下述实施例阐述本发明,所给实施例完全是为了说明本发明而非用于限制其范围。
实施例1:由三(正丁烯)制备混合物
作为三(正丁烯),使用商购的含有11-13个碳原子的烯烃混合物,其中十二烯含量为98重量%。混合物的组成通过气相色谱质谱联用来测定,其中采用(对于后者)通过用氨的正化学电离的检测技术。
在15巴的压力下,以79ml/h(即60.8g/h或363mmol/h)的速度,向此反应器中连续地加入液态三(正丁烯)。同时,向其中注入26标准升(normal liter)/h(即36.9g/h或1083mmol/h)的气态H2S。H2S/烯烃的摩尔比为3。
将反应介质保持在90℃±2℃的温度下。反应物在它们进入反应器之前紧密混合。收集从反应器中连续流出的液体并将残留的硫化氢脱气。
通过气相色谱质谱联用分析此液体。所用的色谱仪配备有火焰电离检测器和极性柱。观察到色谱图包含2个峰丛(clump),一方面对应于2.7-4.2分钟的保留时间,另一方面对应于4.3-9.6分钟的保留时间。这些峰丛确定为分别对应于三(正丁烯)和混合物。对应于这两个峰丛的面积的测量,使得在校准后能够计算出28%的未转化三(正丁烯)的重量百分比和68%的转化率。此外,其它化合物的缺失显示对混合物的选择度为100%。
实施例2:实施例1中制备的混合物在苯乙烯和丁二烯的自由基共聚合反应中作为链转移剂的用途:
将下述物质加入装有450g水的1升反应器中:
-0.072g FeSO4和0.19g羟甲基亚磺酸的钠盐(式HO-CH2-SO2Na),对应于引发体系3种组分中的2种
-0.08g EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸酯)
-0.5g磷酸钠
-43.3g 25重量%的含水松脂酸钾混合物(乳化剂)
-76.94g苯乙烯
-163.59g丁二烯
-0.43g实施例1中制备的链转移剂。
在环境温度下,在搅拌下将上述组分加入水中,从而获得乳液。
将此乳液冷却到9.5℃,并且添加0.35g对萜烷过氧化氢(以在水中55重量%的比例引入),其对应于引发体系的第3种组分。
聚合从加入对萜烷过氧化氢开始,并且以150转/分钟连续搅拌反应介质5小时。
通过向介质中添加混合物来停止聚合,所述混合物含有0.077g氢氧化钾、0.072g二硫代氨基甲酸钠和0.085g二乙基羟基胺,加上水为15g。
所得胶乳具有约19重量%的固含量。
在除去残留单体后,通过干燥胶乳获得具有约1mm厚度的苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物薄膜。
薄膜的熔体粘度通过在100℃下并且使用受控应力(controlled-stress)流变仪以1Hz的频率测量。
获得1.1×105Pa·s的粘度值。
实施例3(比较):由四丙烯制备TDM4P
作为四丙烯,使用商购的含有11-14个碳原子的烯烃混合物,其中十二烯含量为60重量%。此混合物的组成通过气相色谱质谱连用来测定,其中采用(对于后者)通过用氨的正化学电离的检测技术。
重复实施例1,其中用四丙烯代替三(正丁烯)。
测得25重量%的未转化的四丙烯和71%的转化率。此外,其它化合物的缺失显示出对TDM的选择度为100%。
实施例4(比较):实施例3中制备的TDM4P在苯乙烯和丁二烯的自由基共聚合反应中作为链转移剂的用途:
重复实施例2,其中用实施例3中获得的产物代替实施例1中制备的叔十二烷基硫醇。
获得1.4×105Pa·s的粘度值。
实施例5:通过TDM 4P与硫在碱性催化剂存在下的反应制备二(叔十二烷基)三硫化物
在TPS催化剂(含有2.5%氢氧化钠的聚乙氧基化叔十二烷基硫醇)存在下,进行通过TDM 4P与硫的反应合成二(叔十二烷基)三硫化物。
该设备为夹套的250ml玻璃反应器,其配备有位于排出阀之前的烧结玻璃滤器、用于通过由烧结玻璃喷雾器封端的浸渍管的氮气的入口(氮气的流速通过球形流量计控制)、通过含油计泡器连接到罩(hood)的抽气机(suction)上的水冷式回流冷凝器、使得油能够在夹套中循环的恒温控制浴、由PTFE锚状物(anchor)封端并且配备具有速度计的搅拌器电动机的玻璃搅拌器、和在玻璃管中的热量探测器。
操作条件如下:
将反应器预先放置在氮气气氛下并且将2g TPS催化剂(cata/RSH=1%)与202gTDM 4P(1mol)一起加入。然后将反应器加热至120℃。随后,一部分一部分地(portionwise)加入32g硫(1mol)。以500转/分钟持续搅拌。硫在大约45分钟内完全溶解。然后在反应持续期间采用氮气鼓泡(流速=34l/h)。
随着时间(当硫加入时t=0)取样,以通过银盐定量确定残留硫醇的含量(重量%)和通过HPLC确定游离硫的含量。残留硫醇的重量百分比使得可了解(access)硫醇的转化率。在反应2.5小时后,TDM4P的转化率为92%。
随后将反应混合物冷却至60℃,在所述温度下,添加300mmol环氧乙烷(13.2g)并使其与残留TDM反应3小时。随后在氮气下除去反应介质。反应后残留硫醇含量小于150ppm。
在反应结尾,在热条件下(40℃)下,在反应器烧结玻璃滤器上过滤出多硫化物。
将所得产物的样品称为TDM 4P S3。
实施例6:通过来自实施例1的混合物(以下称为TERDAN)与硫在TPS催化剂(含有2.5%氢氧化钠的聚乙氧基叔十二烷硫醇)存在下反应合成二(叔十二烷基)三硫化物
使用与实施例5中相同的步骤,并且获得TERDAN的转化率,其与在实施例5期间采用TDM4P所获得的转化率相同(92%)。
在用环氧乙烷处理并过滤之后,分离出称为TERDAN S3的样品。
实施例7:通过TDM 4P与硫在碱性TPS催化剂存在下反应制备二(叔十二烷基)五硫化物
采用与实施例5中相同的设备并且进行如下反应。将反应器预先置于氮气气氛下,并随后在1gTPS催化剂存在下(cata/RSH=0.5%),引入202g TDM 4P(1mol)。然后将反应器加热至90℃,并且随后一部分一部分地添加64g硫(2mol)。以500转/分钟持续搅拌。硫在大约60分钟内完全溶解。然后在整个反应持续期间采用氮气鼓泡(流速=6l/h)。
如实施例5进行取样。4小时后的TDM4P转化率大于99.5%。
随后将反应混合物冷却至60℃,在所述温度下添加10mmol环氧乙烷(0.44g)并使其与残留TDM反应1小时。随后在氮气下除去反应介质。反应后残留硫醇含量小于150ppm。
在反应结尾,在热条件下(40℃)下,在反应器烧结玻璃滤器上过滤出多硫化物。
取出产物样品,并将该产物样品称为TDM4PS5。
实施例8:通过TERDAN与硫在TPS催化剂存在下反应合成二(叔十二烷基)五硫化物
重复实施例7,用TERDAN代替TDM 4P,并且在TERDAN转化率方面获得可比拟的结果(4小时后,>99.5%)。
取样并称之为TERDAN S5。
然后根据标准ASTM D445测量多硫化物的运动粘度,并示于表2中。
表2
在40℃下的粘度(mm2/s) | |
实施例5:TDM S3 | 65 |
实施例6:TERDAN S3 | 43 |
实施例7:TDM S5 | 121 |
实施例8:TERDAN S5 | 83 |
这些粘度显示当使用TERDAN代替TDM 4P时,获得较大流动性的多硫化物。
Claims (15)
1.一种十二烷硫醇异构体的混合物,其通过硫化氢与正丁烯三聚物的催化反应的方法制备,并且显示出在19毫巴下的蒸馏温度图,点50为123℃±1℃,并且点20和点80之间的温度差小于或等于4℃,其中蒸馏的点20、50和80为这样的温度,在该温度下20、50和80重量%的混合物分别已成为气相。
2.如权利要求1的混合物,其特征在于该催化反应所用的催化剂选自
1)固态或液态的并且在反应介质中可混溶或不混溶的路易斯酸和/或布朗斯台德酸,
2)金属氧化物,或
1)和2)的组合。
3.如权利要求1的混合物,其特征在于该催化反应所用的催化剂选自
1)矾土、粘土、硅石或硅石-矾土、沸石、杂多酸或者弱酸性或强酸性阳离子交换树脂,
2)金属氧化物,或
1)和2)的组合。
4.如权利要求1的混合物,其特征在于该催化反应所用的催化剂是弱酸性或强酸性阳离子交换树脂。
5.如权利要求1的混合物,其特征在于该催化反应所用的催化剂是磺化苯乙烯与二乙烯基苯的共聚物树脂。
6.如权利要求1-3之一的混合物,其特征在于硫化氢与正丁烯三聚物的摩尔比为1-100。
7.如权利要求6的混合物,其特征在于硫化氢与正丁烯三聚物的摩尔比为1-5。
8.如权利要求1-3之一的混合物,其特征在于所述方法是在10-250℃的温度下和在5-80巴的压力下进行的。
9.如权利要求8的混合物,其特征在于所述方法是在50-150℃的温度下和在10-50巴的压力下进行的。
10.如权利要求9的混合物,其特征在于所述方法是在70-120℃的温度下和在10-20巴的压力下进行的。
11.制备权利要求1的混合物的方法,其特征在于它包含硫化氢与正丁烯三聚物在酸化合物存在下的反应,所述酸化合物为固态或液态的并且在反应介质中可混溶或不混溶的路易斯酸和/或布朗斯台德酸。
12.制备权利要求1的混合物的方法,其特征在于它包含硫化氢与正丁烯三聚物在酸化合物存在下的反应,所述酸化合物为矾土、粘土、硅石或硅石-矾土、沸石、杂多酸或者弱酸性或强酸性阳离子交换树脂。
13.一种自由基聚合的方法,其特征在于它是在如权利要求1-10之一的混合物用作链转移剂的存在下进行的。
14.权利要求13的方法,其特征在于它是自由基共聚的方法。
15.一种合成二(叔十二烷基)多硫化物的方法,其特征在于它是通过如权利要求1-10之一的混合物与硫在碱性催化剂存在下的反应而进行的。
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FR0401154 | 2004-02-06 | ||
FR0401154A FR2866024A1 (fr) | 2004-02-06 | 2004-02-06 | Procede de fabrication de dodecylmercaptans. |
PCT/FR2005/000260 WO2005082846A1 (fr) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-02-04 | Melange de dodecanethiols, son procede de fabrication et ses utilisations |
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CN1960968B true CN1960968B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
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US (2) | US20070197748A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1711460B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4713502B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101004592B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1960968B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE469881T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602005021615D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2346065T3 (zh) |
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EP2106395A2 (de) * | 2006-10-17 | 2009-10-07 | Basf Se | Addition von h2s an terpene zur herstellung neuer molmassenregler für radikalische polymerisationen |
DE102007024009A1 (de) | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-27 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Mercaptangemisch |
EP2423235A1 (de) | 2010-08-31 | 2012-02-29 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nitrilkautschuken in organischen Lösungsmitteln |
EP2554558A1 (de) | 2011-08-02 | 2013-02-06 | Lanxess Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nitrilkautschuken in organischen Lösungsmitteln |
EP2610296A1 (de) | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-03 | Lanxess Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gereinigten Nitrilkautschuken |
US11499113B2 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2022-11-15 | Dic Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
CN118080009B (zh) * | 2024-02-26 | 2024-07-26 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种改性树脂催化剂及其在制备叔十二烷基硫醇中的应用 |
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CN87108064A (zh) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-06-08 | 埃尔夫阿奎坦国家石油(制造)公司 | 有机多硫化物的制法及所用催化体系 |
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GB1246087A (en) * | 1967-09-29 | 1971-09-15 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to synthesis of dodecyl mercaptan |
DE2262610B2 (de) * | 1972-12-21 | 1980-01-03 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Herstellung schlagfester Styrolpolymerisate |
US4102931A (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1978-07-25 | Pennwalt Corporation | Manufacture of tertiary mercaptans using zeolite catalysts |
US4145494A (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1979-03-20 | The General Tire & Rubber Company | Aqueous free radical emulsion polymerization |
US4140604A (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1979-02-20 | Pennwalt Corporation | Process for preparing mercaptans |
ZA811201B (en) * | 1980-04-14 | 1982-03-31 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Removal of iron impurities from glass-making sand |
US4582939A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-04-15 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Mercaptan production |
FR2627183B1 (fr) * | 1988-02-17 | 1991-04-19 | Elf Aquitaine | Perfectionnement a la synthese de mercaptans tertiaires a partir d'homopolymeres de l'isobutylene |
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US5498781A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1996-03-12 | Basf Corporation | Passification of optically variable pigment and waterborne coating compositions containg the same |
US5453544A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1995-09-26 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for making tertiary-thiols |
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FR2758478B1 (fr) * | 1997-01-21 | 1999-02-26 | Elf Aquitaine | Procede pour la presulfuration de catalyseurs |
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DE102004060320A1 (de) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-22 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Thiolen |
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2004
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- 2005-02-04 CN CN2005800042855A patent/CN1960968B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-04 KR KR1020067015570A patent/KR101004592B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-04 AT AT05717563T patent/ATE469881T1/de active
- 2005-02-04 ES ES05717563T patent/ES2346065T3/es active Active
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- 2005-02-04 EP EP05717563A patent/EP1711460B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-02-04 US US10/588,422 patent/US20070197748A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-02-04 WO PCT/FR2005/000260 patent/WO2005082846A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
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US3726846A (en) * | 1968-01-18 | 1973-04-10 | British Petroleum Co | Polymerisation of styrene and similar monomers using a continuously increasing temperature cycle |
US4565893A (en) * | 1982-08-05 | 1986-01-21 | Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production) | Process of synthesis of mercaptans from olefins and hydrogen sulphide by heterogeneous catalysis |
CN87108064A (zh) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-06-08 | 埃尔夫阿奎坦国家石油(制造)公司 | 有机多硫化物的制法及所用催化体系 |
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US20100249366A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
ATE469881T1 (de) | 2010-06-15 |
ES2346065T3 (es) | 2010-10-08 |
DE602005021615D1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
JP4713502B2 (ja) | 2011-06-29 |
EP1711460B1 (fr) | 2010-06-02 |
EP1711460A1 (fr) | 2006-10-18 |
KR101004592B1 (ko) | 2010-12-28 |
CN1960968A (zh) | 2007-05-09 |
JP2007520535A (ja) | 2007-07-26 |
US20070197748A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
WO2005082846A1 (fr) | 2005-09-09 |
KR20060129365A (ko) | 2006-12-15 |
FR2866024A1 (fr) | 2005-08-12 |
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