CN1890371A - 成纤维细胞生长因子的21突变蛋白 - Google Patents
成纤维细胞生长因子的21突变蛋白 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有改良的药学性质的人成纤维细胞生长因子21新突变蛋白,公开了蛋白质及各自的编码核酸。本发明也包括用于扩增所述核酸序列并产生所述突变蛋白的载体和宿主细胞。同时还公开了治疗2型糖尿病、肥胖症、代谢综合征以及降低重症病人的死亡率和发病率的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及对具有改良的药学特性的成纤维细胞生长因子21新突变蛋白的鉴定。
背景技术
成纤维细胞生长因子21是在发育及成熟组织中广泛表达的大型多肽(Baird等,Cancer Cells,3:239-243,1991),在包括血管生成、有丝分裂、图式形成、细胞分化、代谢调节及组织创伤修复等多重生理功能中具有重要作用(McKeehan等,Prog.Nucleic Acid Res.Mol.Biol.59:135-176,1998)。根据已发表文献,FGF家族目前包括至少二十三个成员,FGF-1到FGF-23(Reuss等,Cell Tissue Res.313:139-157(2003))。
据报道,成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF-21)优选表达于肝脏(Nishimura等,Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1492:203-206,(2000);WO01/36640和WO01/18172),可作为缺血性血管疾病、创伤愈合、与肺、支气管或肺泡功能损失相关疾病及很多其他不适的治疗手段。最近证实FGF-21能够促进小鼠3T3-L1脂肪细胞中的葡萄糖摄取(不论胰岛素存在与否),并可以剂量依赖性的方式降ob/ob/ob和db/db小鼠以及8周大ZDF大鼠餐后及空腹时血中的葡萄糖、甘油三酯及糖原水平,因而提供了FGF-21用于治疗糖尿病和肥胖症(WO03/011213)的基础。此外,已证实FGF-21能够有效降低重症病人的死亡率和发病率(WO03/059270)。
研制诸如FGF-21的蛋白质药物制剂的巨大挑战是处理其物理及化学不稳定性。蛋白质的组成多样性和特性决定了其特定行为,如折叠、构象稳定性及解折叠/变性。在研发利用水性蛋白质溶液的药物制剂条件时,必须针对这些特性来稳定蛋白质(Wang,W.,Int.J.of Pharmaceutics,18,(1999)。
具体而言,在药用蛋白质研制中,如苯酚、m-甲酚、甲基对苯甲酸、间苯二酚及苯甲醇之类的抗微生物防腐剂是旨在成为无菌、多用途制剂的肠胃外药物制剂所必需的。遗憾的是,这些化合物常会对蛋白质产品的稳定性产生不良影响,会引发其交联和聚集(Maa等,Int.J.of Pharmaceutics140:155-168(1996);Lam等,Pharm.Res.14(6):725-729(1997))。
FGF-21很可能作为多用途无菌药物制剂使用。然而,已经明确防腐剂(即m-甲酚)在这些条件下对其稳定性有不良影响。显然需要研制出治疗用FGF-21蛋白的稳定水性蛋白质制剂。本发明的FGF-21突变蛋白在药物制剂条件下比野生型FGF-21更稳定,从而克服了其物理不稳定性的巨大障碍。因此,本发明的FGF-21突变蛋白提供了可用于治疗2型糖尿病、肥胖症、代谢综合征以及降低重症病人的死亡率和发病率的稳定药用蛋白质制剂。
发明概述
首先,本发明提供人成纤维细胞生长因子21的突变蛋白或其生物活性肽,包括用带电荷的和/或极性但不带电荷的氨基酸替换以下一个或多个氨基酸:甘氨酸42、谷胺酰胺54、精氨酸77、丙氨酸81、亮氨酸86、苯丙氨酸88、赖氨酸122、组氨酸125、精氨酸126、脯氨酸130、精氨酸131、亮氨酸139、丙氨酸145、亮氨酸146、异亮氨酸152、丙氨酸154、谷胺酰胺156、甘氨酸161、丝氨酸163、甘氨酸170或丝氨酸172,其中氨基酸编号依据SEQ ID NO:1。
其次,本发明提供人成纤维细胞生长因子21的突变蛋白或其生物活性肽,包括用半胱氨酸替换以下两个或多个氨基酸:精氨酸19、酪氨酸20、亮氨酸21、酪氨酸22、苏氨酸23、天冬氨酸24、天冬氨酸25、丙氨酸26、谷胺酰胺27、谷胺酰胺28、丙氨酸31、亮氨酸33、异亮氨酸35、亮氨酸37、缬氨酸41、甘氨酸42、甘氨酸43、谷氨酸50、谷胺酰胺54、亮氨酸58、缬氨酸62、亮氨酸66、甘氨酸67、赖氨酸69、精氨酸72、苯丙氨酸73、谷胺酰胺76、精氨酸77、天冬氨酸79、甘氨酸80、丙氨酸81、亮氨酸82、甘氨酸84、丝氨酸85、脯氨酸90、丙氨酸92、丝氨酸94、苯丙氨酸95、亮氨酸100、天冬氨酸102、酪氨酸104、酪氨酸107、丝氨酸109、谷氨酸110、脯氨酸115、组氨酸117、亮氨酸118、脯氨酸119、天冬酰胺121、赖氨酸122、丝氨酸123、脯氨酸124、组氨酸125、精氨酸126、天冬氨酸127、丙氨酸129、脯氨酸130、甘氨酸132、丙氨酸134、精氨酸135、亮氨酸137、脯氨酸138或亮氨酸139,其中氨基酸编号依据SEQ IDNO:1。
第三,本发明提供人FGF-21的突变蛋白或其生物活性肽,包括用任何带电荷的和/或极性但不带电荷的氨基酸替换任一个本发明第一个实施方案中指出的氨基酸位置,同时用半胱氨酸替换本发明第二个实施方案中指出的两个或多个氨基酸位置。
其他实施方案涉及编码第一、第二及第三实施方案中突变蛋白的多核苷酸、含有所述多核苷酸的载体以及携带所述载体的宿主细胞。另一个实施方案涉及生产多肽、生产能够产生所述多肽的细胞以及生产含有编码所述多肽DNA的载体的方法。
此外,另一实施方案则涉及治疗具有肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖症或代谢综合征中一项或多项表现的病人的方法,包括对所述需要该类治疗的病人施用治疗有效量的实施方案一、二或三中的人FGF-21突变蛋白或其药物组合物。
发明详述
为说明此处公开及要求权利的本发明,定义下列术语如下:
“FGF-21”为包括27个氨基酸前导序列的长为208个氨基酸的多肽。人FGF-21与小鼠FGF-21具有~79%的氨基酸同一性,与大鼠FGF-21具有~80%的氨基酸同一性。人FGF-21为本发明突变蛋白优选的多肽模板,但可以理解,本领域技术人员能够很容易地在另一种哺乳动物的FGF-21多肽序列基础上制备突变蛋白。根据下示181个氨基酸的成熟人FGF-21多肽(SEQ ID NO:1),确定本发明中突变蛋白的氨基酸位置:
1 10 20
His Pro Ile Pro Asp Ser Ser Pro Leu Leu Gln Phe Gly Gly Gln Val Arg Gln Arg Tyr
30 40
Leu Tyr Thr Asp Asp Ala Gln Gln Thr Glu Ala His Leu Glu Ile Arg Glu Asp Gly Thr
50 60
Val Gly Gly Ala Ala Asp Gln Ser Pro Glu Ser Leu Leu Gln Leu Lys Ala Leu Lys Pro
70 80
Gly Val Ile Gln Ile Leu Gly Val Lys Thr Ser Arg Phe Leu Cys Gln Arg Pro Asp Gly
90 100
Ala Leu Tyr Gly Ser Leu His Phe Asp Pro Glu Ala Cys Ser Phe Arg Glu Leu Leu Leu
110 120
Glu Asp Gly Tyr Asn Val Tyr Gln Ser Glu Ala His Gly Leu Pro Leu His Leu Pro Gly
130 140
Asn Lys Ser Pro His Arg Asp Pro Ala Pro Arg Gly Pro Ala Arg Phe Leu Pro Leu Pro
150 160
Gly Leu Pro Pro Ala Leu Pro Glu Pro Pro Gly Ile Leu Ala Pro Gln Pro Pro Asp Val
170 180
Gly Ser Ser Asp Pro Leu Ser Met Val Gly Pro Ser Gln Gly Arg Ser Pro Ser Tyr Ala
Ser
编码该181氨基酸的成熟人FGF-21多肽的相应DNA序列为(SEQ IDNO:2):
CACCCCATCCCTGACTCCAGTCCTCTCCTGCAATTCGGGGGCCAAGTCCGGCA
GCGGTACCTCTACACAGATGATGCCCAGCAGACAGAAGCCCACCTGGAGATC
AGGGAGGATGGGACGGTGGGGGGCGCTGCTGACCAGAGCCCCGAAAGTCTC
CTGCAGCTGAAAGCCTTGAAGCCGGGAGTTATTCAAATCTTGGGAGTCAAGA
CATCCAGGTTCCTGTGCCAGCGGCCAGATGGGGCCCTGTATGGATCGCTCCAC
TTTGACCCTGAGGCCTGCAGCTTCCGGGAGCTGCTTCTTGAGGACGGATACAA
TGTTTACCAGTCCGAAGCCCACGGCCTCCCGCTGCACCTGCCAGGGAACAAG
TCCCCACACCGGGACCCTGCACCCCGAGGACCAGCTCGCTTCCTGCCACTACC
AGGCCTGCCCCCCGCACTCCCGGAGCCACCCGGAATCCTGGCCCCCCAGCCC
CCCGATGTGGGCTCCTCGGACCCTCTGAGCATGGTGGGACCTTCCCAGGGCCG
AAGCCCCAGCTACGCTTCC
蛋白质表达领域的技术人员会意识到可以将甲硫氨酸或甲硫氨酸-精氨酸序列引入该成熟序列(SEQ ID NO:1)的N-末端,以便在大肠杆菌E.coli中表达,这也为本发明所设想。
可以利用三字母密码子定义氨基酸或者利用标准的一字母密码子定义。利用三字母密码子表示原氨基酸,加上该氨基酸编号,再加上替换氨基酸的三字母密码子来表示突变。每一突变蛋白的编码数字是基于成熟野生型人FGF-21的181氨基酸序列而定。例如,用带负电荷氨基酸谷氨酸(Glu)替换139位的亮氨酸(即Leu139),表示为Leu139Glu或L139E。与之相似,用带负电荷氨基酸谷氨酸(Glu)对152位的异亮氨酸和163位的丝氨酸(Ile152,Ser163)进行双重替换,表示为Ile152Glu/Ser163Glu、I152E/S163E或I152E-S163E。
人FGF-21突变蛋白指其含有人FGF-21,其中至少一个野生型成熟蛋白的氨基酸被另一个氨基酸所替换。一般而言,突变蛋白具有某些野生型蛋白结构或功能上的性质改良。例如突变蛋白在浓缩溶液中的物理稳定性可能得到增强或改善(例如,更少发生疏水介导的聚集),同时还保留其有利的生物活性特点。突变蛋白与药物防腐剂(如m-甲酚、苯酚、苯乙醇)的相容性可能有所提高,因而能够制备可在保存期间维持该蛋白生理化学特性及生物学活性的保存型药物制剂。因此,与野生型FGF-21相比药物稳定性增加的突变蛋白,在生理及保存型药物制剂条件下的浓缩溶液中的物理稳定性均有所改善,同时还保持其生物学效力。此处所用的这些术语并无限制性,某一给定突变蛋白完全有可能具有一种或多种野生型蛋白质的改良特性。
“生物活性肽”是指保持本发明突变蛋白改良特性和生物学效力的本发明突变蛋白肽。
“治疗有效量”为对病人产生治疗益处所需的活性剂的最小剂量。例如,对于表现患有或易感2型糖尿病、肥胖症或代谢综合征的患者或为预防其发病的病人而言,“治疗有效量”是指能够诱导、改进或者造成与上述紊乱相关或因与之对抗所致的病理症状、疾病进展、生理情况改善的剂量。本发明中“个体”或“病人”优选为人,但也可为动物,更具体而言为同伴动物(如狗、猫等)、农场动物(如牛、羊、猪、马等)以及实验室动物(如大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠等)。
“2型糖尿病”的特征在于胰岛素存在时仍有过量葡萄糖生成;由于葡萄糖清除不足,循环中的葡萄糖水平过高。
“葡萄糖不耐受”可定义为对葡萄糖的异常敏感性。
“高血糖症”是指血中糖(葡萄糖)过量。
“低血糖症”也称为低血糖,发生于血中葡萄糖水平过低而无法提供机体活动所需的足够能量时。
“高胰岛素血症”是指血中胰岛素水平高于正常。
“胰岛素抵抗”是指正常量胰岛素产生低于正常的生物学反应的状态。
“肥胖症”,对于人个体而言是指体重超过给定人群理想体重的20%(R.H.Williams,Textbook of Endocrinology,1974,904-916页)。
“代谢综合征”是指具有以下至少三种症状的症候群:腹部脂肪——对于大多数男性为腰围40英寸或以上;高血糖——空腹至少为110毫克每分升(mg/dl);高甘油三酯——血中含量至少150mg/dl;低高密度脂蛋白(HDL)——低于40mg/dl;以及血压为130/85或更高。
本发明中的重症病人一般都处于不稳定的高代谢状态。该不稳定代谢状态是由底物代谢改变所致,而这一改变可能会导致某些营养素的相对不足。一般而言脂肪和肌肉的氧化都有所增加。
此外,重症病人优选为那些全身炎症反应综合征或呼吸窘迫的病人。发病率的降低是指降低了重症病人发生其他疾病、状况或症状的可能性,或降低了发生其他疾病、状况或症状的严重度。例如降低发病率可能指降低菌血症或败血症或多器官衰竭相关并发症的发生率。
此处所用的“全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)”描述了与大量临床状况相关的炎症过程,包括(但不仅限于)出现以下一项以上的临床表现:(1)体温高于38℃或低于36℃;(2)心率大于每分钟90次;(3)呼吸急促(表现为呼吸速率大于每分钟20次),或通气过度(表现为PaCO2小于32mmHg);以及(4)血白细胞计数改变,如计数大于12,000/cu mm、计数小于4,000/cu mm,或出现多于10%的未成熟中性粒细胞。当没有其他已知原因(如化疗、诱导产生的中性粒细胞缺乏症及白细胞缺乏症)可解释这些异常时,这些生理性改变反映了基线水平上的急性改变。
此处所用的“败血症”定义为感染引发的SIRS。SIRS的非感染性病因可以包括胰腺炎、缺血、多重创伤和组织损伤(即重度损伤或严重烧伤)、出血性休克、免疫介导的器官损伤以及外源性施用此类炎症过程的公认介质,如肿瘤坏死因子及其他细胞因子。
败血症性休克以及多器官功能障碍是ICU科室(ICU setting)发病率和死亡率的主要成因。败血症与很多宿主防御机制的活化相关并由之介导,这些机制包括细胞因子网络、白细胞和补体级联反应,以及包括内皮在内的凝血/纤溶系统。与多种器官微血管系统的内纤维蛋白沉积相关的弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)及其他程度的消耗性凝血病是败血症/败血症性休克的表现。宿主防御反应对靶器官的下游作用是多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)发展的重要中介,也是败血症、严重败血症及并发休克的败血症病人预后差的原因之一。
此处所用的“呼吸窘迫”是指病人由于某种类型的肺功能障碍出现呼吸困难的情形。通常这些病人会表现出程度不等的低氧血症,补充氧治疗可能有效也可能无效。
呼吸窘迫可能发生于因直接肺损伤导致肺功能受损的病人,也可能由于间接肺损伤(如在全身疾病过程中)而发生。此外,多重易患(predisposing)疾病的存在极大地增加了发病风险;如长期酗酒、慢性肺疾病及低血清pH值之类的次级因素的存在也是如此。
直接肺损伤的一些原因包括肺炎、胃内容物吸入、肺挫伤、脂肪栓塞、近乎溺死、吸入性损伤、高海拔以及肺移植或肺栓子切除术后再灌注性肺水肿。间接肺损伤的一些原因包括败血症、伴休克及多次输血的严重创伤、心肺分流术、药物过量、急性胰腺炎以及血制品输注。
有一类引发呼吸窘迫的肺疾病与所谓的肺原性心脏病(Cor Pulmonale)综合征相关。该类疾病伴有慢性低氧血症,导致称为肺动脉高血压的肺循环压力升高。产生的肺动脉高血压增加了右心室的工作负荷,从而导致其扩张或肥厚。肺原性心脏病通常表现为右心衰竭,定义为右心室压力的持续增高以及静脉回右心血量减少的临床表现。
“慢性阻塞性肺疾病”(COPD),包括肺气肿和慢性支气管炎,也会引起呼吸窘迫,其特征在于气流阻塞。COPD为第四位死因,每年造成超过100,000人死亡。
“急性呼吸窘迫综合征”(ARDS)常为渐进性的,其特征在于具有明确的分期。该综合征通常表现为具有该状况危险因素的病人中迅速发作的呼吸衰竭,以补充氧治疗难以纠正的动脉低氧血症为特征。在肺重力低垂区(dependent lung zone)可能存在肺泡充盈、实变及肺不张;然而非低垂区也可能有广泛的炎症。该综合征可能发展为纤维化肺泡炎,伴有持续低氧血症、肺泡通气死腔增加以及肺顺应性的进一步下降。也可能出现对肺毛细血管床造成损害的肺动脉高血压。
本发明第一优选的方面包括人FGF-21突变蛋白,其中替换是指用任何带电荷的和/或极性但不带电荷的氨基酸取代至少一个以下氨基酸:甘氨酸42、谷胺酰胺54、精氨酸77、丙氨酸81、亮氨酸86、苯丙氨酸88、赖氨酸122、组氨酸125、精氨酸126、脯氨酸130、精氨酸131、亮氨酸139、丙氨酸145、亮氨酸146、异亮氨酸152、丙氨酸154、谷胺酰胺156、甘氨酸161、丝氨酸163、甘氨酸170或丝氨酸172,其中氨基酸编号依据SEQ ID NO:1。带电荷氨基酸是指携带正电荷或负电荷的氨基酸。带正电荷的氨基酸包括组氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸及它们非天然存在的类似物(例如γ氨基丁酸、鸟氨酸等)。带负电荷氨基酸包括天冬氨酸、谷氨酸及它们非天然存在的类似物(例如氨基己二酸)。极性但不带电荷的氨基酸包括丝氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺及它们非天然存在的类似物。实施方案一中最优选的突变蛋白为Gln54Glu、Leu139Glu、Ala145Glu、Leu146Glu、Ile152Glu、Gln156Glu、Ser163Glu及Ile152Glu-Ser163Glu。
本发明其次提供人FGF-21的突变蛋白或其生物活性肽,包括用半胱氨酸替换以下两个或多个氨基酸:精氨酸19、酪氨酸20、亮氨酸21、酪氨酸22、苏氨酸23、天冬氨酸24、天冬氨酸25、丙氨酸26、谷胺酰胺27、谷胺酰胺28、丙氨酸31、亮氨酸33、异亮氨酸35、亮氨酸37、缬氨酸41、甘氨酸42、甘氨酸43、谷氨酸50、谷胺酰胺54、亮氨酸58、缬氨酸62、亮氨酸66、甘氨酸67、赖氨酸69、精氨酸72、苯丙氨酸73、谷胺酰胺76、精氨酸77、天冬氨酸79、甘氨酸80、丙氨酸81、亮氨酸82、甘氨酸84、丝氨酸85、脯氨酸90、丙氨酸92、丝氨酸94、苯丙氨酸95、亮氨酸100、天冬氨酸102、酪氨酸104、酪氨酸107、丝氨酸109、谷氨酸110、脯氨酸115、组氨酸117、亮氨酸118、;脯氨酸119、天冬酰胺121、赖氨酸122、丝氨酸123、脯氨酸124、组氨酸125、精氨酸126、天冬氨酸127、丙氨酸129、脯氨酸130、甘氨酸132、丙氨酸134、精氨酸135、亮氨酸137、脯氨酸138或亮氨酸139,其中氨基酸编号依据SEQ ID NO:1。
本领域技术人员也会认识到天然半胱氨酸(半胱氨酸75和半胱氨酸93)也可用作引入可能改善性质的新二硫键的位点。特别设想在丝氨酸85或苯丙氨酸73分别引入半胱氨酸替换,伴随改变半胱氨酸93或半胱氨酸75,其中后两个位点可用任意其他氨基酸取代。
天然二硫键(如半胱氨酸残基所提供)一般能够提高蛋白质的热力学稳定性。T4溶酶体酶(Matsumura等,PNAS 86:6562-6566(1989))和芽孢杆菌RNA酶(Johnson等,J.Mol.Biol.268:198-208(1997))的多重二硫键突变体是热力学稳定性提高(以熔解温度升高衡量)的成功实例。本发明的一个方面认为通过二硫键限制FGF-21的118-134氨基酸环灵活性能够增加FGF-21在防腐剂中的物理稳定性,推想这可能是由于限制防腐剂进入该蛋白质的疏水核心所致。
含有除Cys75-Cys93处天然存在的二硫键之外的人工二硫键的FGF-21突变蛋白如下:Gln76Cys-Ser109Cys、Cys75-Ser85Cys、Cys75-Ala92Cys、Phe73Cys-Cys93、Ser123Cys-His125-Cys、Asp102Cys-Tyr104Cys、Asp127Cys-Gly132Cys、Ser94Cys-Glu110Cys、Pro115Cys-His117Cys、Asn121Cys-Asp127Cys、Leu100Cys-Asp102Cys、Phe95Cys-Tyr107Cys、Arg19Cys-Pro138Cys、Tyr20Cys-Leu139Cys、Tyr22Cys-Leu137Cys、Arg77Cys-Asp79Cys、Pro90Cys-Ala92Cys、Glu50Cys-Lys69Cys、Thr23Cys-Asp25Cys、Ala31Cys-Gly43Cys、Gln28Cys-Gly43Cys、Thr23Cys-Gln28Cys、Val41Cys-Leu82Cys、Leu58Cys-Val62Cys、Gln54Cys-Leu66Cys、Ile35Cys-Gly67Cys、Gly67Cys-Arg72Cys、Ile35Cys-Gly84Cys、Arg72Cys-Gly84Cys或Arg77Cys-Ala81Cys,其中氨基酸编号依据SEQ ID NO:1。优选含以下人工二硫键的突变蛋白:Tyr22Cys-Leu139Cys、Asp24Cys-Arg135Cys、Leu118Cys-Gly132Cys、His117Cys-Pro130Cys、His117Cys-Ala129Cys、Leu82Cys-Pro119Cys、Gly80Cys-Ala129Cys、Gly43Cys-Pro124Cys、Gly42Cys-Arg126Cys、Gly42Cys-Pro124Cys、Gln28Cys-Pro124Cys、Gln27Cys-Ser123Cys、Ala26Cys-Lys122Cys或Asp25Cys-Lys122Cys。最优选含导入二硫键的突变蛋白为Leu118Cys-Ala134Cys、Leu21Cys-Leu33Cys、Ala26Cys-Lys122Cys、Leu21Cys-Leu33Cys/Leu118Cys-Ala134Cys。
本发明的第三方面提供了人FGF-21突变蛋白或其生物活性肽,包括用任何带电荷的和/或极性但不带电荷的氨基酸替换任一个本发明第一个实施方案中指出的氨基酸位置,同时用半胱氨酸替换本发明第二个实施方案中指出的两个或多个氨基酸位置。
本领域众所周知在研制蛋白质药物的中一大挑战在于对付蛋白质的物理和化学不稳定性。当蛋白质药物制剂用作多用途的可注射制剂而需要稳定、浓缩及防腐的溶液,同时还保持其有利生物活性特征时,这一挑战更为突显。野生型FGF-21详细的生物物理学特征决定了当浓缩的蛋白质溶液(>5mg/ml)处于应激条件下(如高温或低pH)时会加速其交联和聚集(即较差的物理稳定性和生物制药学特性)。FGF-21浓缩蛋白质溶液暴露于药物防腐剂(如m-甲酚)也会对其物理稳定性产生负面影响。
因此,本发明的一个实施方案是在生理及储存制剂条件下保持化学稳定性和生物学效力的同时,增加浓缩溶液的物理稳定性。据认为交联和聚集可能是疏水相互作用所致,因为在给定的蛋白质浓度下,温度及离子强度对物理稳定性具有相当的影响。大部分情况下,目标定位于非保守的、推定存在于表面的氨基酸残基。分析这些残基的局部环境,并选择诱变那些被认为不具结构重要性的残基。引发具体变化的方法之一是通过引入谷氨酸残基(“谷氨酸扫描”)进一步降低蛋白质的pI。有假说认为带电荷替换氨基酸的引入会通过电荷-电荷相斥抑制疏水介导的聚集,并能改善防腐剂相容性。此外,本领域技术人员也会认识到,通过足够程度的诱变引入正电荷、伴随或不伴随负电荷的同时减少,可以将pI迁移至基本pH范围内,从而使能够产生电荷-电荷排斥。
尽管本发明的实施方案涉及在生理及储存药物制剂条件下的物理和化学稳定性,保持该突变蛋白相对于野生型FGF-21的生物学效力也是考虑的重要因素。因此,本发明突变蛋白的生物学效力是指突变蛋白影响葡萄糖摄取(如体外3T3-L1细胞测定(实施例4)所测量),和/或降低血浆葡萄糖水平以及血浆甘油三酯(如ob/ob小鼠测定(实施例5)所测量)的能力。
根据本发明施用的FGF-21突变蛋白可以通过本领域已知的任何方法产生和/或分离。最优选产生该突变蛋白的方法是本领域技术人员公知的重组DNA方法。此类方法描述于《Current Protocols in Molecular Biology》(John Wiley & Sons,Inc.),其在此处引用作为参考。
此外,优选实施方案包括此处所述突变蛋白来源的生物活性肽。该肽含有至少一个前述替换,且该突变蛋白具有生物学活性。可以通过本领域技术人员已知的任何及所有方法产生该肽,其实例包括但不仅限于酶消化、化学合成或重组DNA方法。
本领域已经明确某些成纤维细胞生长因子的肽段具有生物学活性。见例如Baird等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci(USA)85:2324-2328(1988)以及J.Cell.Phys.Suppl.5:101-106(1987)。因此,根据本领域公知的标准选择突变蛋白的片断或肽。例如,已知二肽基肽酶IV(DPP-IV)为灭活神经肽、内分泌肽及细胞因子所涉及的丝氨酸型蛋白酶(Damme等.Chem.Immunol.72:42-56,(1999))。FGF-21的N末端(HisProIlePro)含有是DPP-IV潜在底物的两个二肽,可产生从N-末端截去4个氨基酸的FGF-21片断。出人意料的是,已经证实野生型FGF-21的该片断保留有其生物活性(表1),因此,从N-末端截去本发明突变蛋白的至多4个氨基酸,是本发明的实施方案之一。
本发明也包括RNA形式或DNA形式的编码上述突变蛋白的多核苷酸,其中DNA包括cDNA、基因组DNA以及合成DNA。DNA可以为双链或单链。编码本发明突变蛋白的编码序列可由于冗余或遗传密码的简并而有所不同。
编码本发明突变蛋白的多核苷酸可包括以下:仅该突变蛋白的编码序列、突变蛋白编码序列及额外的编码序列(如功能多肽,或前导或分泌序列或前蛋白质序列);突变蛋白的编码序列及非编码序列(如内含子,或突变蛋白编码序列5’和/或3’端的非编码序列)。因此术语“编码突变蛋白的多核苷酸”所指的多核苷酸可能不仅含有突变蛋白的编码序列,还含有包括额外编码序列和/或非编码序列的多核苷酸。
本发明还涉及编码含上述替换的多肽的片断、类似物及衍生物的所述多核苷酸变体。多核苷酸变体可能为天然存在的人FGF-21序列等位基因变体、非天然存在的变体,或如上所述的截短变体。因此,本发明也包括编码上述突变蛋白的多核苷酸,还包括该多核苷酸的变体,所述变体编码公开突变蛋白的片断、衍生物或类似物。这类核苷酸变体包括缺失变体、替换变体、截短变体以及添加或插入变体,只要其中存在至少一个实施方案一或二中指出的氨基酸替换。
将本发明的多核苷酸与表达控制序列进行有效连接(即定位可确保其功能)后,于宿主中表达。这些表达载体通常可以附加体或宿主染色体DNA整合部分的形式在宿主生物中进行复制。一般而言,表达载体含有选择标记(如四环素、新霉素及二氢叶酸还原酶)以允许检测被目的DNA序列转化的细胞。在适当的启动子控制下,FGF-21突变蛋白可以在哺乳动物细胞、昆虫、酵母、细菌或其他细胞中表达。也可利用本发明DNA构建体衍生的RNA、通过无细胞翻译系统产生所述蛋白质。
大肠杆菌为原核宿主,尤其适用于克隆本发明的多核苷酸。其他适用的微生物宿主包括枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilus)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)以及沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)的多个种,但也可以选择使用其他宿主。也可以在这些原核宿主中制备表达载体,其中通常含有与宿主细胞相容的表达控制序列(如复制起点)。此外,还可能具有众多公知启动子中的任一种,如乳糖启动子系统、色氨酸(trp)启动子系统、β-内酰胺酶启动子系统或噬菌体λ或T7来源的启动子系统。通常这些启动子会控制表达(可选通过操纵子序列),且具有核糖体结合位点序列等,以便起始和完成转录及翻译。
蛋白表达领域技术人员会意识到可以将甲硫氨酸或甲硫氨酸-精氨酸序列引入该成熟序列(SEQ ID NO:1)的N-末端,以便在大肠杆菌E.coli中表达,且这也是本发明所考虑的。因此除非另有说明,在大肠杆菌中表达的本发明突变蛋白N-末端引入了甲硫氨酸序列。
如酵母或真菌等的其他微生物也可用于表达。优选的酵母宿主实例为巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)以及嗜甲醇毕赤酵母(Pichiaangusta),同时需要合适的具有表达控制序列的载体,所述序列如启动子(包括3-磷酸甘油酸激酶或其他糖酵解酶),以及复制起点、终止序列等所需序列。真菌宿主的实例为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)及裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune),但也可选择使用其他真菌。
哺乳动物组织细胞培养也可用于表达和产生本发明的多肽。实际上优选真核细胞,因为本领域已经研制出一些能够分泌完整突变蛋白的合适宿主细胞系,包括CHO细胞系、多种COS细胞系、NS0细胞、叙利亚地鼠(Syrian Hamster)卵巢细胞系、HeLa细胞或人胎肾细胞系(即HEK293、HEK293EBNA)。
这些细胞的表达载体可以包含表达控制序列,如复制起点、启动子、增强子以及必要的加工信息位点(如核糖体结合位点、RNA剪接位点、聚腺苷酸化位点和转录终止序列)。优选的表达控制序列为SV40、腺病毒、牛乳头瘤病毒、巨细胞病毒、Raus肉瘤病毒等来源的启动子。优选的聚腺苷酸化位点包括SV40及牛生长激素来源的序列。
可以通过公知的方法将含有目的多核苷酸序列(如FGF-21突变蛋白以及表达控制序列)的载体转移到宿主细胞内,所采用的方法取决于细胞宿主的类型。例如,对原核细胞通常采用氯化钙转染法,而对于其他细胞宿主可以使用磷酸钙处理或电穿孔法。
可以使用多种蛋白质纯化方法,此类方法为本领域公知且其描述见如Deutscher,Methods in Enzymology 182:83-9(1990)及Scopes,《ProteinPurification:Principles and Practice》,Springer-Verlag,NY(1982)。选用的纯化步骤取决于如生产FGF-21突变蛋白所用方法的性质。
含FGF-21突变蛋白的组合物应当根据有效医疗实践的需要,考虑病人的临床情况、FGF-21突变蛋白组合物的递送位点、施用方法、施用时间安排以及操作者已知的其他因素,来制成剂型并确定剂量。因此,用于此处目的的FGF-21突变蛋白“治疗有效量”取决于上述考虑。
可以通过能达到一般目的(即治疗2型糖尿病、肥胖症、代谢综合征或重症病人)的任何方法施用本发明的FGF-21突变蛋白药物组合物。此处所用的术语“肠胃外”是指包括静脉内、肌内、腹腔内、胸骨内、皮下及关节内注射和输注在内的施用模式。施用的剂量则取决于年龄、健康状况及受者的体重、目前接受的治疗(如果有)、治疗频率以及所期望的效果。本发明范围内的组合物包括所有组合物,其中含有能有效达到所需医疗效果的剂量的FGF-21突变蛋白,所述医疗效果包括治疗2型糖尿病、肥胖症或代谢综合征。虽然病人间的个体需求可能存在差异,普通临床医师仍然能够确定所有成分治疗有效量的最佳范围。
本发明的FGF-21突变蛋白可以根据已知方法配制以制备可药用组合物。理想的制剂应当为能够通过适当稀释剂复原的稳定冻干产品,或为可选含有可药用载体、防腐剂、赋形剂或稳定剂的高纯度液体溶液[Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences第16版(1980)]。本发明的突变蛋白可以与可药用缓冲液组合,并调整其pH以提供一定的稳定性以及可施用的pH值。
在一个实施方案中,一般将一种或多种FGF-21突变蛋白按所需纯度与可药用载体(即在使用剂量和浓度内对受者无毒并与制剂其他成分相容的载体)混合为单位注射剂型(溶液、悬浮液或乳浊液)来制备为肠胃外施用的FGF-21突变蛋白。可优选添加一种或多种可药用的抗微生物剂。苯酚、m-甲酚及苯甲醇为优选的可药用抗微生物剂。
可选加入一种或多种可药用盐来调节离子强度或张力。可加入一种或多种赋形剂进一步调节制剂的等张性。甘油、氯化钠及甘露醇为等张调节赋形剂的实例。
本领域技术人员根据良好的医疗实践及病人个体的临床情况,能够很容易地最优化含有FGF-21突变蛋白的治疗组合物的治疗有效量及其施用方案。本发明FGF-21突变蛋白的一般成人剂量范围为每天约0.01mg至每天约1000mg不等。优选的剂量范围为每天约0.1mg至每天约100mg,更优选为约1.0mg/天至约10mg/天。最优选的剂量为约1-5mg/天。施用合适剂量的FGF-21突变蛋白能够降低血中葡萄糖水平,并通过更快更有效地利用葡萄糖增加能量消耗,因此可以用于治疗2型糖尿病、肥胖症和代谢综合征。
此外,由于在营养支持的重症病人中常见高血糖症和胰岛素抵抗,一些ICU施用胰岛素以治疗进食重症病人的过度高血糖。实际上,最近的研究证明无论病人是否有糖尿病史,使用外源性胰岛素保持血糖水平不高于110mg/dl都能够降低外科重症监护病房重症病人的发病率和死亡率(Vanden Berghe等.N Engl J Med.,345(19):1359,(2001))。因此,本发明的FGF-21突变蛋白独特地适用于协助代谢不稳定的重症病人恢复代谢稳定性。FGF-21突变蛋白的独特之处在于它们刺激葡萄糖摄取并增加胰岛素敏感性,但不会诱导低血糖。
本发明另一方面设想提供作为药物用于治疗2型糖尿病、肥胖症、代谢综合征或重症病人的FGF-21突变蛋白。
至此已对本发明进行了详细描述,参照以下实例能够对之有更清楚的理解,所述实例仅为说明目的而并不旨在对本发明进行限制。
引用的所有专利及出版物均在此处明确引用作为参考。
实施例1
在大肠杆菌中表达和纯化FGF-21突变蛋白
本实施例使用细菌表达载体pET30a进行细菌表达(Novagen,Inc.,Madison,Wisconsin)。pET30a编码卡那霉素抗生素抗性基因,含有细菌复制起点(“ori”)、强T7噬菌体-IPTG诱导启动子、核糖体结合位点(“RBS”)以及带有多个特异限制性内切酶裂解位点的合适MCS。为便于纯化,该载体可编码用于N-末端肽融合的His-及S-标签,以及C-末端His-标签融合。然而,为达本发明的目的,将编码FGF-21变体的cDNA分别插入限制性位点NdeI和BamHI之间,所产生的构建体不使用任何上述标签。
利用PCR寡核苷酸引物(退火为开放阅读框的5’和3’末端),从cDNA克隆中扩增编码FGF-21突变蛋白的核酸序列,所述序列缺少前导序列但以甲硫氨酸残基替代之。将含有限制性酶NdeI和BamHI识别位点的额外核苷酸分别添加到该5’和3’序列中。
根据本领域已知的方法,所述5’正向及3’反向PCR引物含有与FGF-21突变蛋白编码核酸编码序列的一部分对应或互补的核苷酸,以进行克隆。本领域常规技术人员会理解多核苷酸序列中引物的起始位点可以有所变化。
用限制性酶NdeI和BamHI消化扩增的核酸片断和载体pET30a,随后将纯化的消化DNA片断连接起来。向限制性切割的pET30a载体中引入FGF-21突变蛋白编码DNA,使包括其相应终止密码子的FGF-21突变蛋白多肽编码区位于IPTG-诱导启动子的下游,并处于以起始密码子ATG起始的读码框内。相联的终止密码子TAG阻断了插入点下游6-组氨酸密码子的翻译。
利用如《Current Protocols in Molecular Biology》(John Wiley & Sons,Inc.)中所述的标准方法将连接混合物转化入感受态大肠杆菌细胞。
在LB/卡那霉素平板上进行转化反应,过夜生长转化体后,挑取转化株以制备质粒或原位裂解用于PCR筛选。通过限制性分析及随后的DNA序列分析确定含有所需FGF-21变体插入的阳性重组质粒。然后使用这些质粒转化表达株并生产蛋白质。
使用大肠杆菌株BL21(DE3)、BL21(DE3)STAR或BL21(DE3)RP表达FGF-21突变蛋白。这些菌株仅是许多适于表达FGF-21突变蛋白中的一些,它们可以分别通过商业渠道自Novagen,Inc.,Invitrogen及Stratagen获得。利用转化体在含有卡那霉素的LB平板上的生长能力可将其鉴别出来。
使含有所需构建体的克隆在含有卡那霉素(30μg/ml)的LB培养基中液体培养过夜生长(o/n)。利用该o/n培养物接种大型的培养物,稀释比为约1∶25至1∶250。待这些细胞生长至600nm处光密度为0.6(“OD600”)后,加入异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(“IPTG”)使其最终浓度为1mM,以通过失活lacI阻遏物诱导乳糖抑制子敏感性启动子的转录。随后再孵育细胞3至12小时。随后通过离心收获细胞,用50mM Tris缓冲液洗涤沉淀,于pH8.0及-20℃下贮存至纯化。FGF-21突变蛋白表达进不溶性级分(即大肠杆菌包含体(或颗粒))中。尽管变异株之间的表达水平可能有所差异,一般检测到的野生型(WT)FGF-21蛋白质水平为50mg/L。此后的纯化步骤起始于这些颗粒的溶解以及经过四个层析步骤后的变体重折叠。
为从大肠杆菌中纯化FGF-21突变蛋白,将颗粒溶解于50mM Tris,pH9.0,7M尿素及1mM DTT中,调节pH至pH为11.0,室温下振荡1小时。随后使用上述的相同缓冲液将蛋白质捕获于Q-Sepharose柱上,并用线性梯度为0-400mM的NaCl洗脱。在室温下用10mM DTT处理Q-Sepharose洗脱液2小时以还原所有的二硫键。然后将洗脱液稀释10倍使缓冲液的浓度如下:50mM Tris(pH 9.0)、7M尿素、10mM半胱氨酸、1mM DTT,蛋白质浓度为约250-500μg/ml。在还原条件下室温再孵育2小时以获得游离二硫键形式的蛋白质后,将洗脱液用20mM甘氨酸(pH 9.0)透析约48小时,以便形成正确的二硫键。
在Vydac C18柱上以0.1%TFA/0-50%CH3CN为流动相,使用反相HPLC层析法作为纯化的起始步骤。该柱用于浓缩FGF-21或FGF-21突变蛋白,并除去污染的外毒素。
此后的纯化步骤是在1X PBS缓冲液(pH7.4)中在Superdex 35/600柱上进行大小排阻层析。在这一步FGF-21突变蛋白纯度可达~95%。最后一步涉及在50mM Tris(pH 8.0)中行MonoQ层析,并利用线性梯度为0-300mM的NaCl洗脱,通常可以产生纯度>97%的蛋白质。
将上述四柱步骤纯化方案用于所有FGF-21突变蛋白,并生产稳定的制品。
实施例2
在HEK293EBNA细胞中表达和纯化FGF-21突变蛋白
此外,可以在如HEK293EBNA细胞(EdgeBiosystems,Gaiethersburg,MD)的哺乳动物细胞表达系统中生产FGF-21突变蛋白。将FGF-21突变蛋白亚克隆进特有表达载体中,所述载体是商业可得pEAK10在MCS的NheI和XbaI限制性位点间的改良。将编码成熟FGF-21的cDNA序列与Igκ前导序列于框内融合,以促进目的产物在组织培养培养基中的分泌。该表达受CMV病毒强启动子的驱动。利用如Fugene(Roche Diagnostics,Indianapolis,IN)的标准转染试剂和适当数量的重组质粒,在适当的细胞密度下瞬时转染HEK293EBNA细胞(单层或悬浮培养)。在37℃、5%CO2下的无血清培养基中孵育细胞,每天收集,共计5天。一般而言HEK293EBNA悬浮培养的表达水平为~30mg/L。在哺乳动物细胞中表达人FGF-21能够产生天然的HPIP N-末端序列,即N-末端不具有甲硫氨酸残基。已经发现用DPP-IV(猪肾,SIGMA St Louis)酶解处理HEK293EBNA细胞来源的FGF-21会在N-末端截去4个氨基酸。当在小鼠3T3-L1脂肪细胞测定法(见实施例4)中测定时,该FGF-21截短变体刺激葡萄糖摄取的水平与野生型FGF-21相当(表1)。
实施例3
在酵母中表达和纯化FGF-21突变蛋白
还可用于生产FGF-21突变蛋白的表达系统为酵母,如巴斯德毕赤酵母、甲醇毕赤酵母(Pichia methanolica)或酿酒酵母。商业可得的系统(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA)使用具有强AOX1(醇氧化酶)启动子的载体驱动重组蛋白的高水平表达,以在巴斯德毕赤酵母中生产FGF-21突变蛋白。或者可利用使用GAP基因(3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶)来源启动子的载体进行高水平的组成型表达。多重拷贝的巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体可以获得将多重拷贝目的基因整合入基因组的菌株。增加重组巴斯德毕赤酵母菌株中目的基因的拷贝数能够提高蛋白质表达水平。另一种酵母表达系统为酿酒酵母。其表达载体含有GAL1基因启动子和增强子序列。由于其在乳糖诱导时的强大转录活性,GAL1启动子是使用最为广泛的酵母启动子之一。
分析特征(质谱分析)表明在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达的FGF-21被截短(N-末端去除了多至4个氨基酸[HisProIlePro],以下称为des-HPIP)。当在小鼠3T3-L1脂肪细胞检测(见实施例4)中测定时,该FGF-21的截短变体刺激葡萄糖摄取的水平可与野生型FGF-21相当(表1)。
实施例4
小鼠3T3-L1脂肪细胞中的葡萄糖摄取
自美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC,Rockville,MD)获取3T3-L1脂肪细胞。在含有10%富铁胎牛血清的Dulbecco′s改良的Eagle′s培养基的生长培养基(GM)中培养细胞。细胞达到汇合(标记为第0天)两天后将细胞于含10%胎牛血清、10μg/ml胰岛素、1μM地塞米松及0.5μM异丁基甲基黄嘌呤的分化培养基(DM)中暴露48小时,进行标准脂肪细胞分化。此后将细胞保存在含有10%胎牛血清和10μg/ml胰岛素的分化后培养基中。
葡萄糖转运测定-通过0.1mM 2-脱氧-D-[14C]葡萄糖积累测定,如下测量己糖摄取:利用加热至37℃且含有0.2%BSA的KRP缓冲液(136mMNaCl、4.7mM KCl、10mM NaPO4、0.9mM CaCl2、0.9mM MgSO4,pH7.4)将12孔平板上的3T3-L1脂肪细胞洗涤两次,将细胞在含0.2%BSA的Leibovitz′s L-15培养基中于37℃室内空气中孵育2小时,然后用含0.2%BSA缓冲液的KRP再洗涤两次,并在不含(仅Me2SO)或含有渥曼青霉素的KRP-0.2%BSA缓冲液中于37℃室内空气中孵育30分钟。随后加入胰岛素至最终浓度为100nM,计15分钟,最后4分钟时测量2-脱氧-D-[14C]葡萄糖的摄取。从所有测量值中扣除存在10μM细胞松弛素B时测得的非特异性摄取。利用Pierce的二辛可宁酸测定来确定蛋白质的浓度。每一实验常规测定三到四次摄取值。
根据野生型FGF-21的体外活性对体外效力进行标准化,前者标定为1.0并用作阳性对照。表1为本发明FGF-21突变蛋白的体外效力与野生型FGF-21的比较。如表1所示,相对于野生型,本发明的突变蛋白不同程度地保留了生物学效力。
表1
FGF-21突变蛋白 | 表达系统 | 体外效力 |
野生型 | 大肠杆菌 | 1.0 |
截短野生型* | 酵母 | 0.9 |
截短野生型** | HEK293EBNA | 1.3 |
野生型 | HEK293EBNA | 0.7 |
R77E | HEK293EBNA | 1.1 |
L139E | 大肠杆菌 | 0.1 |
L146E | 大肠杆菌 | 0.8 |
Q156E | 大肠杆菌 | 0.6 |
S163E | 大肠杆菌 | 1.3 |
I152E/S163E | 大肠杆菌 | 0.9 |
A145E | 大肠杆菌 | 0.5 |
I152E | 大肠杆菌 | 1.2 |
L118C/A134C | 大肠杆菌 | 0.4 |
des-HPIP-L118C/A134C | 酵母 | 0.3 |
*在N-末端截去4个氨基酸,即des-HPIP
**通过DPP-IV在N-末端酶解截去4个氨基酸,即des-HPIP
实施例5
Ob/ob小鼠模型
采用雄性ob/ob小鼠肥胖症模型的一项研究监测了相对于载体组及胰岛素对照组,FGF-21治疗后的血浆葡萄糖水平和甘油三酯水平。对试验组的雄性ob/ob小鼠(7周大)进行皮下注射纯载体溶液(0.9%NaCl)、或FGF-21突变蛋白(0.125mg/kg)(0.1m1,每日一次)共计7天。于第7天最后一次化合物注射后1小时从鼠尾切口处收集血液,并利用标准方法测定血浆葡萄糖水平。FGF-21突变蛋白相对于载体对照降低血浆葡萄糖水平的能力如表2所示。表2的数据显示了本发明突变蛋白与载体对照相比降低的血浆葡萄糖水平。FGF-21突变蛋白相对于载体对照降低血浆甘油三酯水平的能力如表3所示。
表2
FGF-21突变蛋白 | 血浆葡萄糖水平(占对照的百分比) |
野生型 | 60% |
R77E | 63% |
Q156E | 65% |
S163E | 60% |
A145E | 81% |
I152E | 82% |
G161E | 78% |
L118C-A134C | 80% |
表3
FGF-21突变蛋白 | 甘油三酯水平(mg/dL) |
实验#1 |
载体对照 | 200 |
野生型 | 145 |
R77E | 125 |
实验#2 | |
载体对照 | 165 |
野生型 | 90 |
Q156E | 80 |
S163E | 70 |
试验#3 | |
载体对照 | 100 |
野生型 | 75 |
A145E | 70 |
I152E | 60 |
G161E | 70 |
L118C-A134C | 75 |
实施例6
FGF-21突变蛋白的药物稳定性
在模拟生理及药物制剂条件下分析本发明FGF-21突变蛋白的稳定性。为了模拟生理条件,在室温(RT)、目的蛋白质浓度10mg/ml、pH7.4的PBS中分析突变蛋白的稳定性。如果通过大小排阻和/或反相层析法测得制品蛋白质的复原在室温下可达到>90%的复原率,则PBS中突变蛋白的溶解性/物理稳定性是符合要求的。表4和5所示的本发明突变蛋白满足这一标准。
期望本发明突变蛋白的药物制剂很可以成为为保存型多用制剂,因此,分析其与普通防腐剂间的相容性。为测试制剂相容性,于室温下向含有约10mg/ml突变蛋白、pH7.4的PBS溶液中加入防腐剂m-甲酚(最终浓度3mg/ml,该浓度在中性pH条件下通常能够满足欧洲药典B的防腐效力标准)。通过室温下进行反相和大小排阻层析法测定层析主峰的蛋白质复原率,以初步评估防腐剂存在时的物理稳定性。进一步,以m-甲酚存在2小时后微粒相对于野生型FGF-21的平均直径来表示通过DLS(动态光散射法)在37℃测量的聚集程度。较大的平均直径对应于较高程度的蛋白质交联和/或聚集。本发明第一和第二实施方案中突变蛋白相对于野生型FGF-21的防腐剂相容性(表示为颗粒的功能性平均直径)如表4所示。所有的突变蛋白均在大肠杆菌中表达。
在PBS中稳定且与防腐剂相容的本发明突变蛋白即被认为相对于野生型FGF-21具有增强或改善的药学性质。如表4所示,本发明相对于野生型FGF-21药学特性增强的优选突变蛋白为L139E、A145E、L146E、I152E、Q156E、[I152E、S163E]、S163E、Q54E、[L21C-L33C、L118C-A134C]、L21C-L33C、A26C-K122C及L118C-A134C。
表4
FGF-21突变蛋白 | 平均颗粒粒直径(nm)* |
实验#1 | |
野生型FGF-21 | 1356 |
Q54E | 210 |
L139E | 234 |
A145E | 223 |
L146E | 248 |
I152E | 76 |
Q156E | 353 |
I152E,S163E | 179 |
S163E | 154 |
实验#2 | |
野生型FGF-21 | 813 |
L21C,L33C,L118C, | 10 |
A134C | |
L21C-L33C | 10 |
L118C-A134C | 7 |
A26C-K122C | 7 |
*平均颗粒直径表示目的蛋白浓度为10mg/ml、m-甲酚为3mg/ml,于37℃下孵育2小时后的蛋白质溶液。
序列表
<110>伊莱利利公司
<120>成纤维细胞生长因子21的突变蛋白
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Claims (41)
1.人成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF-21)的突变蛋白或其生物活性肽,其包含用带电荷的和/或极性但不带电荷的氨基酸对以下一个或多个氨基酸的替换:甘氨酸42、谷胺酰胺54、精氨酸77、丙氨酸81、亮氨酸86、苯丙氨酸88、赖氨酸122、组氨酸125、精氨酸126、脯氨酸130、精氨酸131、亮氨酸139、丙氨酸145、亮氨酸146、异亮氨酸152、丙氨酸154、谷胺酰胺156、甘氨酸161、丝氨酸163、甘氨酸170或丝氨酸172,其中氨基酸编号依据SEQ ID NO:1。
2.权利要求1的突变蛋白,其中带负电荷的氨基酸选自天冬氨酸、谷氨酸及它们非天然存在的类似物。
3.权利要求1的突变蛋白,其中极性但不带电荷的氨基酸选自丝氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷胺酰胺及它们非天然存在的类似物。
4.权利要求1的突变蛋白,其中所述突变蛋白选自Leu139Glu、Ala145Glu、Leu146Glu、Ile152Glu、Gln156Glu、Ser163Glu、Ile152Glu、Ser163Glu及Gln54Glu。
5.权利要求4的突变蛋白,其中所述突变蛋白在N-末端截去多至4个氨基酸。
6.多核苷酸,其编码权利要求1的突变蛋白。
7.权利要求6的多核苷酸,其中所述多核苷酸为DNA。
8.表达载体,其含有权利要求7的DNA。
9.宿主细胞,其含有权利要求8的表达载体。
10.权利要求9的宿主细胞,其中所述宿主细胞为酵母细胞。
11.生产多肽的方法,其包括:
(a)在权利要求10的宿主细胞中表达所述多肽,并;
(b)分离所述多肽。
12.药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的权利要求1的FGF-2l突变蛋白和可药用载体,其中所述组合物用于治疗具有肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖症或代谢综合征中一种或几种表现的病人。
13.治疗病人的方法,其包括对所述病人施用治疗有效量的权利要求1的FGF-21突变蛋白,其中所述病人具有选自肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖症或代谢综合征中的一种或多种适应症。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述病人表现为2型糖尿病。
15.人FGF-21突变蛋白或其生物活性肽,其包含用半胱氨酸对以下两个或多个氨基酸的替换:精氨酸19、酪氨酸20、亮氨酸21、酪氨酸22、苏氨酸23、天冬氨酸24、天冬氨酸25、丙氨酸26、谷胺酰胺27、谷胺酰胺28、丙氨酸31、亮氨酸33、异亮氨酸35、亮氨酸37、缬氨酸41、甘氨酸42、甘氨酸43、谷氨酸50、谷胺酰胺54、亮氨酸58、缬氨酸62、亮氨酸66、甘氨酸67、赖氨酸69、精氨酸72、苯丙氨酸73、谷胺酰胺76、精氨酸77、天冬氨酸79、甘氨酸80、丙氨酸81、亮氨酸82、甘氨酸84、丝氨酸85、脯氨酸90、丙氨酸92、丝氨酸94、苯丙氨酸95、亮氨酸100、天冬氨酸102、酪氨酸104、酪氨酸107、丝氨酸109、谷氨酸110、脯氨酸115、组氨酸117、亮氨酸118、脯氨酸119、天冬酰胺121、赖氨酸122、丝氨酸123、脯氨酸124、组氨酸125、精氨酸126、天冬氨酸127、丙氨酸129、脯氨酸130、甘氨酸132、丙氨酸134、精氨酸135、亮氨酸137、脯氨酸138或亮氨酸139,其中氨基酸编号依据SEQ ID NO:1。
16.权利要求15的突变蛋白,其中所述突变蛋白选自Leu21Cys-Leu33Cys/Leu118Cys-Ala134Cys、Leu21Cys/Leu33Cys、Leu118Cys/Ala134Cys或Ala26Cys/Lys122Cys。
17.权利要求16的突变蛋白,其中所述突变蛋白在N-末端截去多至4个氨基酸。
18.权利要求17的突变蛋白,其中所述突变蛋白为des-HPIP-Leu118Cys/Ala134Cys。
19.多核苷酸,其编码权利要求15的突变蛋白。
20.权利要求19的多核苷酸,其中所述多核苷酸为DNA。
21.表达载体,其含有权利要求20的DNA。
22.宿主细胞,含有权利要求21的表达载体。
23.权利要求22的宿主细胞,其中所述宿主细胞为酵母细胞。
24.生产多肽的方法,其包括:
(a)在权利要求23的宿主细胞中表达所述多肽,并;
(b)分离所述多肽。
25.药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的权利要求15的FGF-21突变蛋白和可药用载体,其中所述组合物用于治疗表现选自肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖症或代谢综合征中的一种或多种适应症的病人。
26.治疗病人的方法,包括对所述病人施用治疗有效量的权利要求15的FGF-21突变蛋白,其中所述病人表现选自肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖或代谢综合征中的一种或多种适应症。
27.权利要求26的方法,其中所述病人表现为2型糖尿病。
28.人成纤维细胞生长因子21的突变蛋白或其生物活性肽,其包含用带电荷的和/或极性但不带电荷的氨基酸对以下一个或多个氨基酸位置的替换:甘氨酸42、谷胺酰胺54、精氨酸77、丙氨酸81、亮氨酸86、苯丙氨酸88、赖氨酸122、组氨酸125、精氨酸126、脯氨酸130、精氨酸131、赖氨酸139、丙氨酸145、亮氨酸146、异亮氨酸152、丙氨酸154、谷胺酰胺156、甘氨酸161、丝氨酸163、甘氨酸170或丝氨酸172;同时还有用半胱氨酸对以下两个或多个氨基酸位置的替换:精氨酸19、酪氨酸20、亮氨酸21、酪氨酸22、苏氨酸23、天冬氨酸24、天冬氨酸25、丙氨酸26、谷胺酰胺27、谷胺酰胺28、丙氨酸31、亮氨酸33、异亮氨酸35、亮氨酸37、缬氨酸41、甘氨酸42、甘氨酸43、谷氨酸50、谷胺酰胺54、亮氨酸58、缬氨酸62、亮氨酸66、甘氨酸67、赖氨酸69、精氨酸72、苯丙氨酸73、谷胺酰胺76、精氨酸77、天冬氨酸79、甘氨酸80、丙氨酸81、亮氨酸82、甘氨酸84、丝氨酸85、脯氨酸90、丙氨酸92、丝氨酸94、苯丙氨酸95、亮氨酸100、天冬氨酸102、酪氨酸104、酪氨酸107、丝氨酸109、谷氨酸110、脯氨酸115、组氨酸117、亮氨酸118、脯氨酸119、天冬酰胺121、赖氨酸122、丝氨酸123、脯氨酸124、组氨酸125、精氨酸126、天冬氨酸127、丙氨酸129、脯氨酸130、甘氨酸132、丙氨酸134、精氨酸135、亮氨酸137、脯氨酸138或亮氨酸139,其中氨基酸编号依据SEQ IDNO:1。
29.多核苷酸,其编码权利要求28的突变蛋白。
30.权利要求29的多核苷酸,其中所述多核苷酸为DNA。
31.表达载体,其含有权利要求30的DNA。
32.宿主细胞,其含有权利要求31的表达载体。
33.权利要求32的宿主细胞,其中所述宿主细胞为酵母细胞。
34.生产多肽的方法,其包括:
(a)在权利要求33的宿主细胞中表达所述多肽,并;
(b)分离所述多肽。
35.药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的权利要求28的FGF-21突变蛋白和可药用载体,其中所述组合物用于治疗表现选自肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖症或代谢综合征中的一种或多种适应症的病人。
36.治疗病人的方法,其包括对所述病人施用治疗有效量的权利要求28的FGF-21突变蛋白,其中所述病人表现选自肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖症或代谢综合征中的一种或多种适应症。
37.权利要求36的方法,其中所述病人表现为2型糖尿病。
38.权利要求28的突变蛋白,其中所述突变蛋白在N-末端截去多至4个氨基酸。
39.权利要求1的FGF-21突变蛋白的用途,用于制造治疗选自肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖症或代谢综合征中的一种或多种适应症的药物。
40.权利要求15的FGF-21突变蛋白的用途,用于制造治疗选自肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖症或代谢综合征中的一种或多种适应症的药物。
41.权利要求28的FGF-21突变蛋白的用途,用于制造治疗选自肥胖症、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖不耐受、高血糖症或代谢综合征中的一种或多种适应症的药物。
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AU2004303783A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
US20090118190A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
CA2549249A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
US20070142278A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
IL175736A0 (en) | 2008-02-09 |
KR20060135648A (ko) | 2006-12-29 |
EP1702067A1 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
AR046877A1 (es) | 2005-12-28 |
EP2270163A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
JP4477013B2 (ja) | 2010-06-09 |
BRPI0416683A (pt) | 2007-01-30 |
WO2005061712A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
TW200520772A (en) | 2005-07-01 |
NO20062662L (no) | 2006-08-07 |
EA200601121A1 (ru) | 2006-10-27 |
JP2007535306A (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
US7491697B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 |
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