CN1886684A - System and method for manipulating and processing materials using holographic optical trapping - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for manipulating one or more particles having one or more characteristics with an optical trap formed by modulating a laser beam with a Dynamic Optical Element (DOE). The method includes the steps of selecting at least one characteristic of the particle, generating a laser beam having a selected wavelength corresponding to the at least one selected characteristic of the particle, and selecting calculated values of the DOE, the calculated values corresponding to the at least one selected characteristic of the particles. The method further includes the steps of modulating the beam and the DOE to produce at least one holographic optical trap having properties corresponding to the at least one selected characteristic to, focusing the trap to a beam focus or spot size having a selected size, and locating the beam focus near a particle location for trapping the particle therein.

Description

Use holographic optical trapping to handle and handle the system and method for material

The cross reference of related application

[0001] the present invention relates to following temporary patent application and be the converting text of following provisional application:

[0002] in the 60/543rd, No. 488 of application on February 11st, 2004.

[0003] in the 60/519th, No. 407 of application on November 12nd, 2003.

[0004] in the 60/515th, No. 091 of application on October 28th, 2003.

[0005] in the 60/515th, No. 092 of application on October 28th, 2003.

[0006] in the 60/531st, No. 254 of application on Dec 20th, 2003.

[0007] determined the application's disclosed content is integrated with this paper in the mode of list of references above.

Technical field

[0008] the present invention relates to use holography to capture to handle and handle the system and method for nano material, micro-material and leather material (nanomaterial, micromaterial, and picomaterial).

Background technology

[0009] generally to be described to feature be material or the structure that the size of its at least one dimension is in nano-area to nano material.These materials have a lot of and various application.Nano material comprises element or simple substance material (elemental material), for example such as the simple substance atomic block of gold; And more orderly or regular structure, for example nanotube and bucky-ball (buckeyball).Nanotube is the object (object) of hollow, symmetry, and it is made up of one or more atoms or molecular layer, the interested especially nanotube of being made up of carbon.Bucky-ball is the atom spheroid or the carbon spheroid of hollow.Other example of nano material and orderly nanostructured is discussed below.

[0010] nanotube is the nanostructured that a kind of people cherish a special interest, because their outstanding machinery, electronics and optical characteristics, this also makes it have widely and uses.The multifunctionality (versatility) that interrelates with carbon structure that the nanotube that is formed by carbon can provide height for example is connected the ability of (inteface) with dna molecular.Continuous research to nanotube over past ten years has produced millions of successful technology: the insulating material that injects nanotube can be changed into conductor; Nanotube-reinforcing material is being developed and is being used to improve physical strength; The researcher also grows the huge array of neat nanotube, as the electronic emitter in the display.

[0011] other application is conceived to utilize the unique property of carbon nano-tube.These application comprise the amorphous materials (bulk material) with big elastic modulus, nano tube based electronic component, and use nanotube to come the structure of direct light.

[0012] in the development of many these technology, there are a difficult problem or the challenge of well-known.Difficult problem comprises based on architectural characteristic (for example the hand of these structures is levied, diameter, length and other characteristic) and separating or the purifying nano material.Nearest progress comprises separates the variety classes nanotube, for example, utilizes the specific keyed jointing of DNA or utilizes electrophoresis.Another serious difficult problem relates to the manipulation nano material and is used for controlled assembling (assembly), deposition and directed or location.Although there is the method be used for the particular type deposition, but still lack the ability of mobile single object and patterning macoradical object on three-dimensional.

Summary of the invention

[0013] the present invention is based on discovery to a kind of method of the material particle that has one or more characteristics with optical trap manipulation, described optical trap is by forming with diffraction optical element (DOE) modulation beam of laser light beam.Select at least one characteristic of material according to this method; Generation have selection, with the laser beam of the corresponding wavelength of characteristic of at least one selection of material; The calculated value of the corresponding DOE of characteristic of at least one selection of selection and material; Modulate described light beam and DOE, to produce holographic optical traps, it has the characteristic corresponding characteristic with at least one selection; Described trap is focused; And described beam focus is located near the particle position of trapped particle wherein.

[0014], the present invention includes the functional of observation trap according to aspect further; Recomputate the DOE value corresponding to this observed result, functional to adjust; And repeated measures step and recomputate step, obtained satisfied functional up to characteristic at least one selection.

[0015] according to the present invention, the functional of trap can change by the shape of moulding trap.The present invention relates to the many aspects of manipulation of particles, comprise a kind of or more than a kind of following situation:

[0016] particle of being captured is moved to selected position;

[0017] part with the particle of being captured is attached on surface or another particle;

[0018] particle of selecting in the particle that adheres to is heated selectively, in closing on medium, to set up the flow pattern of selecting;

[0019] with particle-stabilised on the position;

[0020] heats described particle with the trap energy;

[0021] particle is moved, so that itself and nearest object collide;

[0022] adopt shock wave to make the particle distortion, on nearest object, to punch;

[0023] the arranged in patterns particle to select;

[0024] heats particle selectively, the flow pattern of closing on the corresponding selection of medium with foundation with the arranged in patterns of selecting;

[0025] trapped particle in having first functional first trap of selecting; And has stacked second trap of selecting on second functional particle;

[0026] from the teeth outwards with the particle deposition;

[0027] with parallel axial array particle is deposited from the teeth outwards perpendicular to the surface;

[0028] with the parallel axial array that is parallel to the surface particle is deposited from the teeth outwards;

[0029] removes particle from the surface;

[0030] falls particle from ablated surface;

[0031] according to particle properties they are classified, described characteristic comprises at least one in size, shape, length, conductance, specific inductive capacity, refractive index, chirality, the thermal absorptivity;

[0032] particle in the medium is carried out the selectivity heating, to cause media expansion;

[0033] particle in the medium that has a passage is therein carried out selectivity heating, causing the expansion of medium, thereby close this passage;

[0034] distinguishes particle based on size, functional, absorbability, fluorescence, chirality and length; And

[0035], detects energy from particle emission in response to incident radiation.

[0036] system and a method according to the invention allows industrial copolymer and biomacromolecule (biopolymer) to be attached on nanotube and the nanostructured.These macromolecules can be attached to functional colloidal spheres (functionalized colloidal sphere) successively earlier, and this spheroid is beneficial to clamp with optical tweezers or light handles nanostructured.In addition, holographic optical trapping can be applied on patterning and the control substrate or a large amount of nanostructured outside the substrate then.

[0037] makes the multiple technology that is used to handle and handle nano material and nanostructured become possibility according to the system and method for the present invention that uses holographic optical trapping, and strengthened these technology.

[0038] one exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprise that the nanosphere cloud (cloud) that uses optics to capture controls the method for nanotube, and it helps handling and this pipe of patterning.Holographic optical trapping has remarkable advantages in this field, this be because: the shape of trap can be moulded arbitrarily; Permission is controlled the details of nanosphere cloud, thereby can allow the more many-sided manipulation to nanotube.

[0039] the present invention includes a kind of device, it uses diffraction optical element (DOE), for example spatial light modulator, Digital Light Processor or other diffraction element, and by the laser of its modulation, produce hologram and capture nano particle.

[0040] the present invention also comprises the product of producing by method disclosed herein and various device.

Description of drawings

[0041] Fig. 1 is used to put into practice the component diagram of the method according to this invention with the exemplary compact systems of formation optical trap;

[0042] the accompanying inverted microscope (inverted microscope) on it of the compact systems of Fig. 2 key diagram 1;

[0043] Fig. 3 A has described a kind of exemplary distribution of single-walled nanotube, and this nanotube is positioned at target sample, and target sample is provided with respect to the optics capture system of Fig. 1.

[0044] Fig. 3 B has described a kind of typical group (group) of single-walled nanotube, its optics capture system by Fig. 1, and use laser to form light convection current trap (photo convectivetrap) and gathered together;

[0045] Fig. 3 C has described the time average of a plurality of frames, and it had illustrated that before nanotube is deposited on the substrate optics capture system described in Fig. 1 moves the ability of the nanotube of capturing with predetermined pattern;

[0046] Fig. 3 D has described the intense light pulse that is produced by the optics capture system of Fig. 1 or has burst, and it makes the CCD camera saturated when the nanotube of being assembled is deposited on the substrate;

[0047] Fig. 3 E has described the optics capture system by Fig. 1, deposits to the nanotube on the substrate;

[0048] Fig. 3 F has described a width of cloth bright field image (bright-field image), and it has illustrated that the nanotube of being assembled is with the deposition of specific pattern by the optics capture system of Fig. 1;

[0049] Fig. 3 G has described a width of cloth dark field image (dark field image), and it has illustrated by the optics capture system of Fig. 1 captures and partly extract nanotube rope or fiber from a branch of nanotube;

[0050] Fig. 3 H has described another width of cloth dark field image, and it has illustrated that the optics capture system by Fig. 1 further extracts nanotube rope or the fiber that is shown in Fig. 3 G from a branch of nanotube;

[0051] Fig. 3 I has described another width of cloth dark field image, and it has illustrated that the optics capture system by Fig. 1 extracts the nanotube rope that is shown in Fig. 3 G and 3H fully from a branch of nanotube;

[0052] Fig. 3 J has described capturing of a few bundle nanotubes and has rotated, and it is to finish by the optics capture system of Fig. 1, and this system is configured to and produces optics whirlpool (opticalvortex);

[0053] Fig. 3 K has described the time average of several frames, and it has illustrated when using optics whirlpool rotation nanotube, the rotation pattern of that bundle nanotube that the optics capture system by Fig. 1 is produced; And

[0054] Fig. 3 L has described by the parallel a plurality of patterns that produce of the optics capture system of Fig. 1, this pattern is the laser that is configured to focusing system in described optics capture system, with what produce when carrying out holographic etching on the layer of the nanotube that is deposited on glass surface or sheet.

[0055] Fig. 4 A and 4B have illustrated that colloidal spheres that a kind of use is adhered to the nano particle end handles the technology of the nano particle of elongation.

[0056] Fig. 5 A and 5B have illustrated that a kind of use nano particle cloud forms nanometer handle (nanohandle), to handle the technology of the nano particle that elongates.

[0057] Fig. 6 A-6B has illustrated the various technology of the nano particle of revising elongation by stretching, and wherein the polycomponent particle can be separated.

[0058] Fig. 7 A-7C has illustrated nano particle has been attached to other structural technology with pattern or the direction of selecting.

[0059] Fig. 8 A-8E has illustrated that nano particle is deposited from the teeth outwards, and particle that is deposited or the technology of other material by being revised such as etched material removal method.

[0060] Fig. 9 A-9F has illustrated that nano particle is inserted into or is embedded into technology in the cell membrane.

[0061] Figure 10 A-10D has illustrated the technology that can form nanochannel in the surface.

[0062] Figure 11 A-11B has illustrated that nano particle can be handled, to form the technology of narrow syringe (zepto-syringe).

[0063] Figure 12 A-12E has illustrated that selectivity is captured and heated nano particle in fluid media (medium), and to set up the technology of selectivity flow pattern, wherein the selectivity heating can be used in the nano-fluid device.

[0064] Figure 13 A-13E has illustrated selectivity heating nano particle, exerts an influence with overall (bulk) characteristic to body, thereby optionally is controlled at the technology that flows in the nanochannel that forms in the body.

[0065] Figure 14 A-14G has illustrated the technology that nano particle is formed the conduction chain (strand) with selectable characteristic electron.

[0066] Figure 15 has illustrated a block scheme, and it is used to carry out the method according to this invention.

Embodiment

[0067] described specific embodiment of the present invention with quite detailed details hereinafter, its purpose is to illustrate the principle of the invention and operation.Yet, can carry out multiple correction, and the scope of the present invention exemplary embodiment that is not limited to describe below.For example, although also use micro-material to describe the present invention sometimes as exemplary embodiment by using nano material, but be to be understood that application of the present invention crossed over the broad range of scantling, scantling is from the microscale about 1mm (regime) or to the tape measure degree that is lower than about about 0.1nm, and these application all comprise in the present invention.

[0068] as what here use, term nanometer (narno) or nano-substance refer to that those have particle, material and the structure of nanoscale scope (promptly having the particle less than the sub-micro characteristic dimension of 10-6m) characteristic dimension.This particle can be cohesion piece and the element or the simple substance material of atom, molecule, these atoms and molecular material, perhaps can be the oldered array of atom or molecular material.Nano material can also include but not limited to medicine, biomaterial and from the polymer/metallic (aggregated metal) of seawater.They can comprise also that wherein molecule is in solution or the field of fine particle in suspending liquid.Describe the ad hoc structure of nano particle, nano material or nanostructured, help the purpose of explaining.Term often is used alternatingly herein.Sometimes nanometer is used alone, and should generally understand the class that nanometer in this case is meant these materials; Or think yardstick in nanometer (nm) level.As the content of describing, the contextual discussion of not carrying out the drawout qualification should be conspicuous to those skilled in the art.Same, micro-material can be the material less than 1mm, leather material is meant the material less than 0.1nm.

[0069] manipulation of nano particle implements very difficultly, and it needs restive classification tool.Known, for example, can use holographic technique and be captured and handle at about one or more particles of the micrometer range of 10-6m, this holographic technique has used dynamic optical elements (DOE) to produce hologram.In one exemplary embodiment, this DOE can be the spatial light modulator (SLM) of modulating lasering beam.This DOE can also be Digital Light Processor (DLP), or is installed in the holographic negative of fixedly exposure (fixed exposureholographic plate) on the spin objective table, or the like.Be better than capturing a micro-particle, DOE produces a plurality of light pencils (beamlet) at every turn, and it is used for capturing a plurality of particulates.Be well known that nano particle also can use the holographic laser technology equally and captured optically.Yet, is difficult to use conventional art that most of nano particles are carried out single optics and captures, and a difficult problem is also prolonged and arrive holographic technique.

[0070] reason of these difficult problems is that micro-particle is (promptly greater than 10 ^-6The particle of m) under the yardstick that is called as ray optics range scale (Ray Optics regime), is captured usually.Under this range scale, particle is generally much bigger than the diameter of light beam.Nano particle is present under the Rayleigh yardstick, and wherein particle is much smaller than the diameter of light beam.This difference is not the problem of simple numerical range.Do an analogy roughly, this difference is just as using electric torch to locate difference between basketball and the location dust particle in a dark room.Also can make other comparison, but important thing is that the difference on the above-mentioned size is so huge,, easily is not suitable for or can be used for nanoscale so that the known technology that is used for microscale do not having enough under the situation about revising.Yet, in the discussion hereinafter, might utilize the known devices of having used new method, to obtain required result in nano-area.

[0071] as here using, term is handled (manipulation) and has been contained any technology that nano particle is subjected to the energy affect of incident widely, these technology comprise capture, move, knocking-on (dislodging), heating, ablation or the like.Making such definition is can easily be suitable for finishing another manipulation because be used to finish the technology of a manipulation.For example, as what discuss hereinafter, can capture and heat nano particle at the same time or separately, be that a kind of technology based on the technology of using, and is to use separately or be used in combination, and can obtain various result.

Device

[0072] Fig. 1 is a width of cloth component diagram, and it has illustrated and an embodiment of the corresponding to compact systems of the present invention that this compact systems is used to form one or more optical traps.This system comprises that phase patternization or pattern form optical element 51, compares with dynamic optical elements, and it has reflection, dynamic surface.Exemplary means is the unique spatial light modulator of phase place, " the PAL-SLM series of X 7665 " of being produced by Japanese Hamamatsu for example is all by " the SLM 512SA7 " or " SLM 512SA15 " of the Boulder Nonlinear Systems of LaFayette production of the state of Colorado.In another example, DOE has been to use microscopical Texas Instrument Digital Light Processor (DLP).These dynamic optical elements have the reflecting surface of codified, the hologram that is formed therein by computer control in this reflecting surface.

[0073] described optical element 51 walks abreast with frame 52 or is attached on the frame 52, passes this frame and has been equipped with the first optical channel 53a.The one end 53b and the optical element 51 of first optical channel are closely approaching, and the other end 53c of first optical channel intersects and be connected this second optical channel 53d with the second optical channel 53d of vertical formation there.This second optical channel forms in the base 54a of microscopical lens, and this base 54a is equipped with turntable or " nosepiece " 54b.This nosepiece 54b is adapted to be mounted within (not shown) in Nixon TE 200 series microscope.Second optical channel is communicated with the 3rd optical channel 55a, and the 3rd optical channel 55a is also perpendicular to second optical channel.The 3rd optical channel 55a passes the base 54a of nosepiece from the upper surface of nosepiece 54b, and is parallel to object lens focusing lens 56.This focusing lens has a top and a bottom, is formed with circle backlight (back aperture) 57 on the bottom.Be inserted in the 3rd optical channel, and between the circle backlight 57 of second optical channel and focusing lens, be a dichroic mirror (dichroic mirror) beam splitter 58.Comprise at this other element that is used to form in the compact systems of optical trap 50: first mirror M 1, its reflection is from the emission of phase pattern optical element and pass the light pencil of first optical channel; Be arranged in first group of transmission optical element TO1 in first optical channel, the light pencil that they are reflected from first mirror M 1 with reception by coaxial alignment; Be arranged in second group of transmission optical element TO2 in first optical channel, they are aligned the light pencil that passes the first transmission lens TO1 with reception; And second mirror M 2 that is positioned at first optical channel and the second optical channel intersection, they are aligned with reflection and pass the second transmission optical element TO2 and the light pencil that passes the 3rd optical channel 55a.

[0074] in order to produce optical trap, guiding beam of laser bundle (not shown) passes optical fiber 150, and penetrates from collimating light pipe terminal 151, and this laser beam is reflected out by the dynamic surface 59 of optical element 51 again.The light beam (not shown) that penetrates from the collimating light pipe of optical fiber 150 terminal 151 is diffracted to multi beam light pencil (not shown) by the dynamic surface 59 of optical element 51.Quantity type of every bundle light pencil (number tupe) and direction can be controlled and changed by the hologram that conversion is encoded in dynamic surface medium 59.Described light pencil then passes first group of transmission optical element TO1 after 1 reflection of first mirror M, pass second group of transmission optical element TO2 along the first optical channel 53a again and arrive second mirror M 2; And be directed upwards being transferred to the circle backlight 57 of object lens 56 at dichroic mirror 58, and converge through object lens 56 then, therefore produced and formed the essential optical gradient condition (opticalgradient condition) of optical trap.Those pass the part of dichroic mirror 58 light separated, that be used for imaging, pass the lower part of the 3rd optical channel 55b, form the optical data stream (not shown).

[0075] in these embodiments, wherein the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of light pencil (phase profile) is lower in peripheral brightness, and inside regional luminance is higher in the periphery.Useful to forming optical trap less than about 15% cross to fill (overfilling) to circle 57 backlight, this can make that the brightness of periphery of the optical trap that the brightness of periphery of optical trap constituted compared with not having to fill circle 57 backlight is strong.

[0076] Fig. 2 is the front elevation of Nixon TE 200 series microscope, and the compact systems 50 (Fig. 1) that is used to produce optical trap has been installed therein.Nosepiece 54b and accompanying frame 52 thereof directly are installed to microscope by the stand (not shown) that is used for nosepiece 54a and 54b.This frame and accessory thereof (contents) and accompanying optical element 51 are fixed on nosepiece 54a and the 54b, and this makes that the remainder that almost can not maybe can not adjust the telescope to one's eyes is replaced or revised.For imaging, light source 61 can be provided on the object lens 56.

[0077] first and second group of transmission optical element TO1 and TO2 are shown as each and have comprised two lens elements.These lens can be convex lens or concavees lens.Different and the lens type and the quantity that change, for example symmetrical air gap simple lens, symmetrical air gap doublet and/or extra lens or lens combination can be selected, to obtain the picture conversion from first mirror M, 1 to second mirror M 2.In certain embodiments, first and second groups of transmission optical elements are symmetrical air gap doublets, and its lens interbody spacer is opened a segment distance, equally make up action to be similar to telephoto lens.

[0078] being shown in compact systems 50 Fig. 1, that be used to constitute one or more optical traps is an embodiment of light pincers.The light pincers provide the strong method that is used to control nano material.Specifically, holographic optical trapping makes to utilize optics to capture to handle a large amount of nanostructureds becomes possibility, wherein for example nanotube or the nanotube assembly under these sizes of nanostructured.These manipulations utilize the advantage of holographic optical trapping, for example, produce the optical mode except that standard Gauss trap, control the nanostructured that comprises nanotube in multiple useful mode.

[0079] except that standard Gauss trap, can use optical mode to come rotational structure such as the optics whirlpool.The optics whirlpool is being broken on the nano-substance also of great use.The Bei Saier light beam, because the long aspect ratio of their capture region, it can be used to capture many nanostructureds such as nanofiber or long single fiber.

[0080] makes and use up pincers and handle these nano-substances and can be enhanced by those cuttings or solder technology (being used for connecting or the cut-out nano-substance).For example, clamp down on laser and can suitably be used, also can use second laser with this purpose.

[0081] in addition, radiation pressure and the heat nano object that can be used to be handled is deposited on certain surface.This controlled nano-precipitation allows the pattern of writing complex.

[0082] except that independent nano-substance, the ability of handling the nano-substance group can be used to form the material of nano based.For example, nanotube can be assembled to form material, and the nanotube in the perhaps already present material can come processed by holographic optical tweezer, for example to adjust their position or direction.An object lesson of this technology is in area of solar cell.A lot of new solar cell materials comprise nanotube.Yet the significant obstacle of creating effective material is: the ability of arranging or aiming at nanotube when made.Holographic optical trapping provides this ability.

[0083] holographic optical tweezer important application is the classification to nanotube.Two stages that this assorting process is handled in nanometer are crucial.Phase one comprises purifying nano material (removing " non-pipe " material).Holographic optical trapping is fit to come material is classified based on size and consistance (consistency), and it can be used for this sorting phase.Subordinate phase comprises based on the characteristic of nano-substance they is classified, and for example conductive nanotube is classified from the semiconduction nanotube.This separation is extremely difficult traditionally, and this is because described nanotube is very approximate (but the hand of removing nano tube structure is levied) aspect its composition, the size and dimension.Reciprocation with light in holographic optical traps provides a kind of useful sorting technique of levying based on this hand.For example, the optics whirlpool can be used, and this is to levy the momentum value of structure to change because they give different hands.In addition, owing to, can use Gauss or bessel beam trap to classify based on conductivity to the reciprocation difference of the light of the material of different conductivities.In a word, can be used to by using the holographic optical traps nanotube of classifying with the reciprocation of the different light of nanotube with different length, thickness, chirality or conductivity.

[0084] different traps have different pattern (shape or optical characteristics), and it can be used to handle the nanostructured with different qualities.For example, the characteristic light that the Bezier trap has shape such as hollow circular cylinder distributes, and is dark substantially in the zone of right cylinder inside promptly, and this is owing to constitute the light of trap interference to be had destructiveness, and the light on the surface then helps interfering.Light in a Bezier trap distributes and changes, and the object of elongation wherein can be captured in trap and be handled thus.The Bezier trap is called as optical bottle (optical bottle) sometimes.

[0085] Gauss's trap has the characteristic light distribution that changes according to Gaussian function, and promptly light is decayed to both sides from a maximal value.Also can in specific application, produce a class Gaussian distribution with two peaks.

Holographic deposition of gold

[0086] can use optical trap to handle to have difformity, the particle of size and consistance (consistency).The metal of different size is captured by optics.Comprise the optics capture system that only comes from a direction light beam, the dynamic balance of influence on direction of beam propagation.The power of capturing is tending towards towards the focus of trap pulling particle, and radiation pressure is tending towards forcing particle backward and leave trap.A kind of good trap can be captured lucky particle from the not far downstream of this trap focus.Yet, arrange particle by allowing radiation pressure consciously, can particle is directed in stream by the laser trap, and the guiding particle be shifted to the surface of material.Select these particles and surface, so that particle can be deposited from the teeth outwards with desirable pattern.For example, the gold particle of nano-scale can be deposited with certain pattern.Also can use annealing steps revise pattern such as its connective characteristic.

[0087] owing to have some heat fluctuations at the particle position place of deposition, described nano particle is deposited with the degree of accuracy of microscale.Yet, can utilize a feedback system to promote particle gently, to obtain the degree of accuracy on nanoscale.Can use a kind of high speed spatial light modulator to be adapted to proper speed with capturing laser.

[0088] holographic optical trapping also can make a large amount of parallel of this process become possibility, makes that multiple pattern is write simultaneously, this be one for making the attractive feature of integrated circuit.May carry out the ability of three-dimensional localization with optical trap, make structure multi-level pmultistage circuit and structure become possibility.

[0089] it is very strong coming the thermal effect of the pincers in the comfortable fluid, and it can be used to create strong track (strong loci) concentration of material.These thermal effect can very accurately be controlled by using holographic optical trapping, to produce a plurality of pincers.Thereby, can use " heat pincers " to produce to be categorized as purpose nanotube stream, perhaps, can use " heat pincers " mobile at one time macoradical nanotube.Also can realize the deposition of hot polymerization collection mitron.

Example images

[0090] Fig. 3 A has shown the distribution of exemplary single-walled nanotube, and this nanotube is in being mixed with the water of 0.5% sodium dodecylsulphonate (SDS) surfactant solution, and this surfactant is used for the stabilized nanoscale pipe.Use dark field microscopy to show described pipe.

[0091] Fig. 3 B has shown one group of such single-walled nanotube: this nanotube is gathered together by light convection current trap.

[0092] Fig. 3 D has shown bursting of high light, and it makes the CCD camera saturated when described pipe is deposited on the substrate.

[0093] Fig. 3 E has shown the nanotube that deposits on the substrate.

[0094] 3C has shown the time average of a plurality of frames, and it has shown the ability (before nanotube is deposited) that moves the nanotube of being captured with predetermined pattern use holographic optical traps.

[0095] Fig. 3 F is a width of cloth bright field image, and it has shown the nanotube with the specific pattern deposition.

[0096] Fig. 3 G to 3I is a dark field image, and it has shown extraction nanotube rope (nanatube rope) from a branch of nanotube.

[0097] shown that at Fig. 3 J a branch of nanotube is the rotation of the optics whirlpool of I=10 by electric charge.

[0098] Fig. 3 K is the time average of several frames, and it has shown the rotation pattern.

[0099] Fig. 3 L has shown that this pattern is to carry out holographic etching by laser on the sheet that is deposited on the nanotube on the glass surface substrate (sheet) to produce by the parallel a plurality of patterns that produce of the optics capture system of Fig. 1.

[0100] equipment of the present invention has been opened up a big class application, and by described equipment, holographic optical traps is handled nano-substance and handled the material of nano based.Because the difference in the reciprocation of laser and different nanotube chiralities, the holographic optics sorting technique of being set up can be utilized, with the nanotube of classifying based on all important parameters (comprising chirality).The ability of aligned nanotubes provides a solution for a material processed difficult problem, and these difficult problems are at present also unresolved, and for example aligned nanotubes improves with intensity or the acquisition conductivity that obtains to increase in material.

Handle the nanostructured of elongating

[0101] the multiple technology that is used to handle the particle of nano particle or other elongation will be introduced below.After above-mentioned introduction, introducing is related to the object lesson of accompanying drawing.

The ablation gold electrode

[0102] can use holographic optical tweezer to come from the ablated surface coating.For example, gold can be removed to produce pattern.In addition, can use pincers to come to remove material, to create the meticulousr feature that to create than other method from an existing pattern.For example, but etched electrodes manufacturing has the electrode of much smaller feature, to be implemented in the measurement that (under the promptly bigger electrode) can not be realized under the method for distinguishing.

The little processing of parallel ablation of various materials

[0103] importance of micro-fluid chip (Microfluidic chip) is increasing, particularly for the application of chip labization.Adopt holographic optical tweezer to drive these chips and can make the complicated control possibility that becomes, the object of being controlled comprises valve, the pump housing, syringe and other parts essential to the accurate control of chip functions.In addition, can use the laser ablation of plastics to create microfluidic channel.Use clean plastics on the glass slideway, to form carefully (about 400 microns) thin slice, these plastics or from laser absorbing light, or ablated: in the previous case, melt by light beam and to remove material by laser; In the later case, form passage by etching away material.Use the holographic optical tweezer system to produce the controlled three-dimensional hot spot of a plurality of independences, be used to handle substrate.Described hot spot moves across substrate, removes material and forms a plurality of passages simultaneously.Use the advantage of holographic optical tweezer system a lot: a plurality of passages can be write simultaneously, thereby have reduced manufacturing time.Because light beam can be controlled, therefore there is no need mobile microscope dresser.This has improved resolution, because light beam can be located within 15nm.And because hologram is three-dimensional, therefore complicated three-D pattern can be created.Remove beyond the plastics, described technology also can be applicable on other material, and these other materials are at least one of them of following material: nanotube, condensed state simple substance gold, platinum, titanium (tatanium), DNA, thermal absorption body, colloidal spheres, polymkeric substance, XC polymer, quantum dot, medicine and biomaterial.

The holographic configurable golden lead that generates

[0104] holographic optical trapping makes by laser beam becomes possibility to the manipulation of golden nanometer particle.Use bessel beam can create the gold particle line, it effectively creates the lead that is formed by gold.These leads can dynamically dispose by quilt as following the discussion again.The ability that creates a plurality of Bezier traps means can produce interconnected complex network.

[0105] the holographic optical tweezer definable in time and fixed point, for example position in 3D region.Defined point is the separated volume of luminance brightness, its preferential attraction (or maintenance) or, selectively, resist (or discharge) on these aspects or near the object these are put.Thereby this light has constituted a preferential position array in the space.The control relevant with the time of these points is allowed to form the preferential position array of a motion, and wherein each independent position all can hold the object of one or more different sizes, shape or composition.In addition, the gathering of a single point or point also can be unlocked or close, and makes the position appearing and subsiding on time of array thus.

[0106] this invention is to form in time and an expansion of fixed array in the space, and it is included in the various types of connections that form between the array position.Use provides the form of one dimension light and does not use point as luminance brightness zone (for example bessel beam), can set up the network structure of an interconnective point in 3D region.This network structure can with depend on the time, that is to say that the connection between specified point can or be moved in different moment opening and closing.Thisly move the mobile of the gathering can follow a little, described point can be defined by all arrays as previously described, perhaps is defined with certain alternate manner.For example, object can use some other mechanism and be fixed in the space.In addition, a new array can form on the described in front lattice array in stacked ground, or stacked be formed on one with this array have nothing to do fully in the array that forms of this array on.This new array can only be defined by the end points of the two-dimensional structure of formed light.

[0107] this network structure example is the gathering (concentration) to conductive nanoparticles (for example gold particle), and it advances to conduct network (or " lead ") with formation.Described conduction network be by its light intensity at utmost incide conducting particles solution one dimensional network appearance and by being produced; The average-size of conducting particles and magnitudes such as skin depth at the particle at the light wavelength place that forms network is, perhaps the average-size of conducting particles is less than the skin depth at the particle at the light wavelength place that forms network.

[0108] in another example, considers that the potpourri of particle is useful.In a kind of like this solution of conducting particles, the size of some particles is greater than the size of those particles, and the size of other particle is less than the skin depth of these other particles.Optical-fiber network described in the example linearity that creates first kind particle connects in front, and along the lead that does not comprise the second class particle of same Linear Network.If bigger with littler particle has different conductivities, change attraction and repulsion degree to two class particles, will cause a power transformation resistance network, it is positioned between the end (array " point ") of linear structure.By this way, just can spread all over network structure and obtain variable resistance.

[0109] this idea expansion of displaying great creativity is to form connection between the gathering of one-dimentional structure of sealing by producing optical surface.The application of this viewpoint comprises creates empty capacitor, so that electricity-infiltration marker space is combined with optical peristalsis pump (peristoltic) or other optical sorting structure, perhaps use photo-induced stratification (opticallyinduced layering) to make complicated new optical element such as the negative electricity dielectric material.

Rapid damage, ablation or the elimination of fixing diffusion or active material

[0110] important step in making and handling usually is removal, destruction, ablation or eliminates compound, material, waste product or biological elements.Light can be used as energy source, and being used at last, (tail) removes, destroys, ablates or eliminate (material) above-mentioned.Have extensive variation and controlled light beam, its power and space distribution can be applied on the material by scanning and focusing.These light beams can accurate way remove, cut, mould or eliminate.In being discussed below, effect (effect) is meant for example moulds sample.A kind of embodiment has used the galvanometer driven mirror that pulsed light beam is delivered to another place zone from a zone, this another everywhere the zone be exactly the desired zone of moulding, remove, destroying or eliminate.

[0111] in an illustrative embodiments, the array of the material of controlled (or the absorption) selecting to reflect and transmission is placed on and will be subjected on the sample of light action.The example of this an array is the phased array of a MEMS reflection mirror array and a polarization that only passes through light.When each part of array was in reflection (or absorption) pattern, system just closed.Optionally connect the element in the array, to open shaping action according to the mode that determines by time and space.Two kinds a sample moulded the effect of can playing continuously.Pass under the situation that sample space moves at sample material, one or more patterns of moulding can be added on the sample that moves through array.Feedback between measuring system and modeling tools can be used to the pattern of moulding by the sample decision is added on the sample.This system can realize by the light source of pulse or continuous light source.Light a branch of or more multi beam can be used to illuminate controlled array, moulds power thereby provide.Selectively, one or more diffraction optical elements can be used to create the light beam of each each element of controlled array.If one or more diffraction optical elements are dynamic, the situation in SLM for example, this diffraction optical element just can be carried out multiple beam manufacturing function and controlled array functional simultaneously in a device.

[0112] another embodiment used Dan Shu, directly pass the light beam of acoustooptic cell (AOC).Can use the not same area in sample of this layout direct light arrival.Use impulse source, light can be drawn towards position on the sample that one or more needs mould.Single beam laser can be used to mould the many positions in the sample areas by this way.During Guang Mai send, wherein there is not demand to moulding, bootable those light pulses of-AOC are to sample areas light beam piece in addition.

[0113] this embodiment also can play effect by continuous light beam.The controlled light beam upstream interrupter (interrupter) of AOC makes the user have following selection: the user can select to carry out continuous moulding; Perhaps the user can select to come the opening and closing light beam with the AOC performance with by the corresponding to mode of sample of being moulded.Feedback between measuring system and modeling tools can be used to the pattern of moulding by the sample decision is added on the sample equally.

The holographic optical tweezer hot radical is captured

[0114] generally speaking, be that the capture effect do not had the sample that absorb on much better than in the thermal effect that produces on the strong absorber than both making by laser pincers.Holographic optical tweezer allows to use these to be used for the thermal effect that object is handled.Absorbing particle is at first captured by the optical bottle that holography produces.These bottle grafts near object and are operated, and produce a some trap thereafter on absorbing particle.Can produce big flowing then, with the motion of guiding adjacent particles.Thermal effect also can be used to heat the particle of specific captive particle, deposition and specific zone, to make required medium and particle flow.

[0115] in another embodiment, by using a chamber, particle is captured on two dimension and handles, be deposited layer of absorbent on the described chamber, this absorbing material can heat with a kind of laser pattern, this laser pattern has produced one and has been tending towards the stream of particle towards the pattern center driven, but only when these particles are positioned at a specific radius (its by described pattern determine) this stream just produce.

[0116] another embodiment comprises: the fluid that absorbs in two-photon (two-photon) technology.This allows the preferential heating in trap location.By suitable three-D pattern heating, particle is pulled to the center of heating pattern, but (it is determined by described pattern) only just takes place when this pattern is in a specific radius.

Be used to control the holographic optical tweezer of microfluid stream

[0117] holographic optical tweezer is as a kind of very general technology, and it has had wide range of application.But capture the puzzlement that still is subjected to the following fact by laser: the acting force that is produced by the laser trap is small and weak relatively inherently., the acting force that thermal effect produced by the laser trap can be very huge.By introducing the system of research such as the microscopic absorber of graphite particle, can realize these thermal effect: by these particles being embedded in microfluid (microfuidic) passage, can produce big fluid stream, it provides powerful pumping source.In addition, the multifunctionality of holographic optical tweezer makes that the quantity of these pumps is very big and has three-dimensional localization.

[0118] another embodiment of native system comprises the absorption pattern is deposited to a surface, and it makes the surface of can directed heating any position along this pattern.Deposit a shallow layer by the material that will absorb laser emission on glass surface, generation one can be heated the surface of any position, and its feasible stream can be designed to be very accurate.Holographic optical trapping allows to produce a plurality of traps, and each trap can have variable power.This makes will be moulded with the stream of path movement particle arbitrarily.In addition, because trap is a dynamic arrangements, stream configuration more easily in time, this makes the chemical treatment of various ways and fluid calculating become possibility.

[0119] to the calculating of suitable flow graph case, can obtain help from simulation to electrostatic field.The stream that occurs with simple form is two-dimentional, and its result comes from the heating to discrete particle, pattern or continuous surface: because stream is basic convection current, so this is a kind of pseudo-two-dimensions, and therefore three-dimensional., focusing on only is that the fluid layer that heating takes place is useful, thereby this can revert to a two-dimentional system again.This is a nature in many cases, because particle that is transmitted and bag (packet) all do not match on density with their fluids on every side usually.

[0120] by using the fluid that absorbs laser emission, even three-dimensional flow also can be moulded.The ability of creating three dimensional trap makes that any position in the heating three-dimensional chambers all is possible.By using the fluid only absorb in two-photon technology, heating can be positioned on the position of trap focus just, rather than before trap and the light cone place of the light behind the trap.Use bessel beam can help heating according to post (column).The light of other pattern can be used similarly.Thermal effect can be used alone or capture use together in conjunction with optics, with manipulation of particles.

[0121] holographic optical trapping can be in conjunction with the holographic optical tweezer that is used for microfluid stream.All standard holographic optical trappings static state and dynamic cataloging technology can be used, to influence the particle in the stream that produces by the use thermal technology.

The optics control of microfluidic device

[0122] micro-fluid chip comprises open passage, and it is full of by certain fluid, and described fluid results from the material around.This chip is normally smooth, wherein because of all passages all in one plane.This device can be manufactured, for example, by etching into the flat surfaces of a material, and second planarization material is adhered to its surface.More complex devices can be three-dimensional (3D) in passage, is not all to be on the single plane.This device can be manufactured, for example, makes by a plurality of thin PDMS layers of bonding a pile, and wherein each PDMS layer has the passage that forms therein.

[0123] constructing microfluidic device though set up many methods, still is difficult at micro-fluid chip inner control fluid or solution.Three kinds of common flow control methods are arranged here: (1) pressure-driven flows, and the pressure of wherein one or more feeder connections and outlet is controlled, for example syringe pump (syringe pump) or pneumatic membrane (pneumatic membrane).Under most situation, the pressure of all or nearly all entrance and exit should preferably accurately be controlled.(2) electro-osmosis is flowed (EOF), wherein at two or be controlled more than two the feeder connection and the voltage of outlet.By the control of suitable convection cell and conduit wall characteristic, the ion aggregation thing along wall can flow along channel surface, and the fluid that hauls in the passage is being followed it.(3) used interior peristaltic valve accent/pumping (Intrinsic peristaltic valving/pumping) under the pneumatic control of deformable material for conduit wall, permission produces adjacent air duct under pneumatic control, this can be inflated the valve near the fluid passage.A plurality of valves can be placed adjacent to each other, to form a peristaltic pump.

[0124] in each technology of these technology, described system should preferably seal all or almost all.Described element should preferably have suitable rigidity, and to avoid elongating these elements, this elongation to element can cause the very long relaxation time when pressure changes.The quantity of control line and the quantity of entrance and exit (nutriber) are linear proportional.Like this, it will be heavy and expensive to the situation that surpasses several entrance and exits only.

[0125] stream in EOF is difficult to accurate control.Preferably should prepare described surface in very reproducible mode; Described fluid preferably should have suitable and controlled characteristic; The behavior of the single chip of a slice is tending towards aging; And usually get into smooth different by a plurality of devices of similar manner manufacturing.For slowly flowing (＜10 μ m/s or 100 μ m/s), for example those light pincers can be preserved the mobile of particle, pressure-driven; Because can arrange described EOF flowing of causing of the subtle change of the fluid volume at different entrance and exits place flows.Therefore, EOF is best for quick flow effect, and is important to the accurate control of cycle chemistry effect (chemistry).

[0126] owing to the possibility of frequency multiplexing technique, the retractility of pneumatic control line (scale) will be better than the retractility to pressure driven flow and EOF.Yet a plurality of heavinesses and pressure manifold costliness (manifold) are important for the control micro-fluid chip.Control line should preferably be set in the initial chip design, and it will cause very complicated chip.In some cases, this can limited chip design, and it may or increase the spending of chip self.

[0127] according to the present invention, can make the microfluidic device of appropriate structuring, it directly responds to light.A kind of taking the form of at soft material chip (for example, the chip of being made by PDMS) gone up the bag (pocket) of making light absorbing dyestuff.When the rayed with suitable wavelength and brightness was on dye cell, this dye cell just expanded and pinch off channel, has partly or wholly closed passage.Described light can be collimated light beam, and it is focused this dye cell; Or be in another configuration.Second kind take the form of with light absorbing dyestuff merge to continuous soft chip material (for example, PDMS) in.When illumination was mapped on the zone of chip wall, chip had absorbed this light, and heating is also expanded.If the illumination of q.s is mapped on the zone of chip wall of certain contiguous passage, then this passage can partly or wholly be closed, and produces a valve.In this form of expression, valve can produce in any part of passage, even do not give extra effort or consideration in design.In the most form of expression, a plurality of such valves can be connected, to produce one or more peristaltic pumps.

[0128] for the 3D micro-fluid chip of complexity, the retractility of the valve regulated that light is introduced is good.Because wall material can be to the light substantially transparent, the user can be around around mounted valve on certain passage of other passage.This can accomplish by focusing the light into the more locational of required heating.Thereby it is can not can more difficult than making the 2D microfluidic device have the ability of controlled valve or suction to make the 3D microfluidic device have the ability of controlled valve or suction.

[0129] flow for control, this design has the identical advantage of many and pneumatic control chip.The user need not control fluid column height, need not be controlled at the pressure of each entrance and exit, or does not need the chemical action of accurate control surface and fluid.As an alternative, the wriggling suction is local controlled, and flow velocity is provided by geometry, and light produces pulsation under this speed.Therefore, it is aging for opposing, surface chemical property, fluid behaviour and external environmental factor are very strong.

[0130] for for the system that has used optics to capture in the fluid chip, this design can increase its advantage: make and use up pincers and not only can be used for handling object, also can be used for controlling the microfluid valve.

Holographic optical control to bubble or injection cell

[0131] pointed out in the nearest report that the bubbles strike that produces when ultrasound wave to from the pressure pulse wave of shock wave the time, can produce a proboscis (proboscis), it can be used to pierce through cell membrane.Because the multifunctionality of the PHASE DISTRIBUTION that can be produced together with holographic optical traps, these traps can be used to handle bubble.This just means that the combination of these technology makes that to the instrument that is used to pierce through cell membrane be fully controlled.The use of the multiple source of shock wave generator, making can be to described nose location.In fact, the sound wave of holography generation allows the meticulous control to this location.

Narrow syringe

[0132] holographic pincers also can be served the purpose of a key: drive microfluidic element.Chip lab is used, and it allows the tip research about micro-visible amount of reagent, and need have the microfluid chamber of the element of similar pump and valve.For the application that needs the accurate and unified injection of convection cell, spheroid will be captured and be promoted by a diameter post similar to this sphere diameter.Any fluid in post can be discharged from post, forms micro-syringe.Because the resolution of clamping down on is 10nm, and owing to the ability of clamping down on object only has tens nanometers dimensionally, therefore this micro-syringe can be according to 1/10,000 ascends to heaven (femtoliter) or the measuring accuracy of tens narrow liters (zeptoliter) is discharged fluid, this can help those has only and seldom measures the operational test of reagent, perhaps can help the test that the reagent price of those uses makes us hanging back.A series of such syringes around central bore can be controlled with the order of precise timeization by holographic pincers, and this feasible in proper order very first time research to complex interaction effect between a plurality of chemistry or the biological molecule becomes possibility.Any may be that important valve can be clamped down on spheroid by utilization and blocks up or open passage and realized easily.This chip lab even need not be smooth.The ability of clamping down in three-dimensional has been considered complicated geometry, comprises the heap of the chamber that can be driven simultaneously, perhaps spherical microinjection chamber.

[0133] spheroid and around wall between electrostatic force, it is to insert or to interfere fluid (intervening fluid) as medium, this electrostatic force can be quite huge.These power are at an easy rate greater than about 100 skin newton, and 100 skin newton light pincers (value of power) of trying one's best and can provide just.This means that the possibility of avoiding this bonding generation is important.A kind of method of accomplishing these is ion concentrations of solution in the control tube.As general solution, this is difficult for (a control ion concentration), and this is to have the very selected only a few of low ion concns owing to doing like this to be reduced to the reagent that can be used for injecting.A kind of better solution is to use the solution that has the microballoon of polymkeric substance in its surface range.These polymkeric substance have hindered spheroid by space repulsion (stericrepulsion) and have been adhered to the surface.This polymkeric substance is very short, and representational have nanometer length, and this polymkeric substance should not interfere with the fluid pumping function of syringe.

The gene of using up pincers and laser pulse is inserted

[0134] often a biological cell or little object need be changed for specific application.This may require physical change, for example excises cell membrane or makes certain deformable polymer; Perhaps need chemical change, for example in cell, introduce particular proteins or dna sequence dna.A kind of method of finishing these comprises uses little object, and its essence pierces through, is out of shape as projectile (projectile) or influences target object in other mode.Described projectile, for example Rhizoma Trillii Tschonoskii comes selected by its response to short laser pulse.Can use in 10 nanometers and reach this purpose to the projectile in 10 micrometer ranges.For example, in this processing, can use the silica bead of 0.97 micron diameter of BangsLaboratories company limited manufacturing.When this projectile collided the laser pulse of a selection, it obtained huge momentum.The location of projectile in sample (for example, microscope slideway) can be carried out by an optical pincers apparatus.Use the holographic optical trapping device of similar Arryx BioRyx  200 systems, can obtain extra functional.When described projectile was placed on the target proximity that is on the desired location, laser pulse was with regard to focusing and to this projectile shooting.These pulses can be by producing such as the laser cutting machine from the MicroPoint2203TM of Photonic Instruments company limited.Heat that is produced and the momentum that causes have all produced various influence to target object.This projectile can be used to pierce through cell, or is further used in cell, to transmit the organelle and the structure of particular chemical or physical influence in cell.These can be used in the particle gun in a similar manner, just also have the ability that selectivity is aimed at individual cells, and do not need the projectile (for example, the projectile that is formed by tungsten) of particular type.Selectively, when this projectile is positioned the target object edge at it, can makes the edge deformation of target object or cut away the edge of target object.This projectile also can be embedded in the target object, or entirely penetrates it.By holographic optical tweezer, any amount of projectile can be had the seedbed or do not had the seedbed to be positioned on one group of cell, but and continuous fire or igniting, this continuous fire is subject to the speed that laser pulse shooting speed and pulse focus can move.The combination of pulsed laser energy, duration, wavelength and projectile size and formation has determined to give the momentum of this projectile jointly.Can control projectile and enter into piercing through of target or penetration degree by regulating these parameters.For example, entering into cell membrane, tenuigenin or nuclear controlled piercing through all can obtain.

[0135] the introductory description in front will further below detailsization.For example the present invention is suitable for handling nano material (nonmaterial), so that these materials are deposited on certain surface with some pattern.

[0136] Fig. 4 A and 4B have illustrated a kind of technology that is used to handle the nanostructured of elongation.Should be appreciated that the multiple nano material that comprises nano particle and nanostructured generally is suspended in the liquid medium volume.In Fig. 4 A, nanotube 100 is suspended in the medium 101, and this nanotube describes with a kind of nanostructured of exemplary elongation.Nanotube 100 has end portion 102.This end 102 is attached on the colloidal spheres 104 by the intermediate material compatible with nanotube 100.Intermediate material 104 can be certain industrial copolymer or certain boiomacromolecule or polymkeric substance.This colloidal spheres 104 can be by functionalization suitably, with compatible with intermediate material.

[0137] as being shown among Fig. 4 A and the 4B, optical trap 108 can be used as the light pincers and use, clamping down on single colloidal spheres 104, and these spheroids are independently mobile with different directions respectively.For example, in Fig. 4 B, described spheroid can move by opposite direction, and stretches and leave pipe 100.Selectively, pipe 100 can be between the two positions be directed by spinning ball relative to each other, and described two positions are the positions shown in position shown in the solid line and the dotted line.

[0138] Fig. 5 A and 5B have illustrated a kind of and similar arrangement (arrangement) that illustrate previously, and in arranging at this, nano particle 110 is suspended in the liquid medium 101 with nanotube 100.The end 102 of pipe 100 is trapped in wherein as the target of optical trap 112 and in company with nano particle 111, so nano particle 110 is understood 102 cohesions (coalce) endways or is gathered into piece (clump), with form nanometer handle 110 ', this handle helps the manipulation of pipe.Should be appreciated that also and can handle other nanostructured according to the example of Figure 4 and 5.In addition, the manipulation of the nano material of other form, classification, deposition and remove and as in question hereinafter, to obtain.

[0139] Fig. 6 A has illustrated a kind of arrangement, and wherein different nanostructured 120A and 120B are arranged in common medium.This structure can be the nanotube of different length, but or other have the structure of perception (sensible) characteristic.In Fig. 6 A, interested characteristic be the length of nanostructured 120A and 120B.Nanostructured 120A with length L A is captured by a pair of isolated optical trap 122A, and this spacing to optical trap is equivalent to the length of nano particle 120A.Same, have the nano particle of length L B or optical trap 122B that structure 120B is opened by a pair of appropriate intervals and capture.The length of trap and shape make to be distinguished between the nanostructured of different length becomes possibility, therefore can be by the position that is separated is caught and moved to these nanostructureds, and they are separated.

[0140] Fig. 6 B has illustrated a multi-component nanostructured.An exemplary configurations can be, for example, dna molecular 130, it can be separated into the chain 130A and the 130B of separation: at first by optical trap 134A and 134B the respective end 132A and the 132B of each chain are separately fixed, and then this optical trap is removed as shown.The pulling force of described trap separates chain, and has overcome the basis in conjunction with 133 (base pair bond).

[0141] should be appreciated that and to use above-mentioned thought to strengthen this separating process by the end that colloidal spheres or nanometer handle is attached to chain.

[0142] Fig. 7 A illustrates a kind of technology, and wherein the end 142 that has such as the nanostructured of nanotube 140 is captured in optical trap 144.In Fig. 7 B, but an end that is captured of control lead 140, so that end 142 is fixed on the compatible surface 146.By this way, one or more nanotubes can be fixed with the parallel axial array perpendicular to the surface or be deposited on the described surface, and free end is therein by illustrated being separated from surface 146.

[0143] selectively, nanotube 140 two ends 142A-142B can be caught by corresponding optical trap 144A-144B in Fig. 7 C, and can handle described end so that each pipe is attached, to deposit on the substrate 146.In this example, pipe is arranged in the plane on surface 146 with a kind of symmetrical pattern of parallel axial array.

[0144] as being shown in Fig. 8 A, comprise that the nano material of gold element agglomerate can be deposited as line, it has formed very thin golden conductor.Golden nanometer particle 150 can be captured in optical trap 152, is transmitted then, thereby deposits on the substrate 154 with the pattern of selecting 156 (Fig. 8 B).Selectively, as be shown in Fig. 8 C, pattern 158 can be corrected or improve.Pattern 158 can produce by above-described or other method, and these methods for example have the photoetching process of artefact (artifact) 158A.This artefact thing can be attached to pattern, perhaps can be placed near the somewhere of pattern.This artefact can be removed from the surface, can use the optics technology of capturing to ablate or 154 removes artefact from the surface.

[0145] in Fig. 8 D, electrode 160 is deposited on the substrate 162.Described electrode is a rectangular shape.In Fig. 8 E, this electrode comes etching or ablation along line 164, so that electrode 160 electrically is separated into regional 160A and 160B.

[0146] in another explanation, nano particle, particulate, skin particle or other object can be inserted into or be attached on other object.For example, in Fig. 9 A, cell 170 has cell membrane or cell membrane 172.Nano particle is as example, by optical trap 176 gene 17 4 is placed near the wall 172.Subsequently, a branch of luminous energy bundle 178, beam of laser bundle for example can be used and is target (being target with other polymkeric substance or DNA or RNA particle perhaps) with near the gene 17s 4 the cell membrane 172.When the laser beam direct projection is to particle, this light beam pressure is embedded into (Fig. 9 B) in the cell membrane 172 with gene 17 4, if or this light beam pressure build-up is to enough greatly, light beam has just formed hole 180 on cell membrane 172, and gene 17 4 is transferred to cell interior 182 (Fig. 9 C).Selectively, trap 176 can be used to particle 174 is moved into place.

[0147] Fig. 9 D-9F has illustrated embodiments of the invention, and it is used to pierce through or cuts cell membrane 172.In described device, one or more nano bubbles 180 are from the volume generation of liquid 181.Source 184 such as ultrasound source or well heater can be used to produce bubble 180.The position of adjacent cells wall 172 can be captured and remain on to nano bubble 186 optically by trap 187.Sound source 188 is provided in the fluid media (medium) 181, produces shock front (shock front) 189 (Fig. 9 E) during its work in medium.This acoustics forward position 189 makes captive nano bubble distortion and produce a nose 190 on walls, and it has pierced through cell envelope 172.The penetration depth of may command nose perhaps only provides a hole that is used for embedding nano particle on wall to cut and to pass cell membrane (Fig. 9 F).For example, a genetic fragment or other nanostructured can be captured optically at cell envelope, and in the as directed after this hole 192 that is positioned on the cell membrane and pass hole 192 on the cell membrane.

[0148] Figure 10 A-10D has illustrated a kind of technology, wherein passage or other nanofeature can be formed on the surface of object 193 or within.The energy beam of beam of laser 194 has aimed at the surface 195 of object 193.This light beam 194 has dispersed loose bonding particle or with higher-energy etched surfaces 195, with the nanochannel 196 that is shaped there (Figure 10 A-Figure 10 B).After this, cover plate 198 can be fixed to the upper surface 192 of object shown in Figure 10 C, to form the passage 200 of sealing.This passage can have various forms, and can be interconnected to form the passage 203 of manifold or other patterning, to form microfluidic device (Figure 10 D).

[0149] Figure 11 A-11B has illustrated a nanodevice 210 that is used for nanometer quantity reagent is transferred to downstream position.This device 210 comprises a block of material 212, and it has the passage 214 that is formed on wherein.Size is fit to be contained in the nanometer spheroid 216 among the nanotubes 214, and it can be captured in trap 216 and be placed to (Figure 11 B) in the passage 214 in company with a certain amount of reagent 218.Can in passage 214, capture this nanometer spheroid 216 optically, and it is moved around there according to the direction of arrow.Nanochannel 214 with length L and diameter D defines certain volume.By with this spheroid movable length L in nanochannel 214, the reagent 218 of a quantity of measuring is by dislocation (displace).This device can be used to transmit very small amount of reagent (for example, the narrow reagent that rises magnitude).

[0150] Figure 12 A-12C has illustrated an alternative embodiment of the invention, and wherein nano particle 130 is captured on the surface 132 that is deposited in the space 134 that comprises fluid media (medium) 136 by optics.This nano particle can be patterned.In one exemplary embodiment, nano particle is deposited with 4 * 4 pattern 138.If particle 130 is thermal absorption body (promptly having precedence over the endergonic particle of medium), then, optionally illuminate particle with certain pattern by utilizing laser beam or trap 140, can in medium, set various flow pattern.

[0151] in Figure 12 B, illuminates particle 130 by optical trap 140.This particle has absorbed the energy that adds thermal proximity medium 136, has caused convective flow 142 therein.

[0152] as described, medium 136 can have distribution other nano particle 142 wherein.They can attracted to trap 140 by a factor or two factors in light or the fluid stream.Be supplied to the energy of trap by variation, desirable convection current and particle flux can be established.Can also capture the particle (Figure 12 C) of suspension by other trap 146, remain on the circulation of the fluid in the described volume simultaneously.

[0153] Figure 12 C has illustrated the FLOW CONTROL under three dimensional arrangement.In the volume 162 of medium 164, set up a kind of pattern of trap 160.Particle 160 is located on the position of selection by trap 166.In this arrangement, the particle 160V that vertically is provided with has caused vertically flow (arrow V indication) in medium; Horizontally disposed particle 160H has caused horizontal flow (arrow H) in medium.This selectivity is captured pattern and can be employed, to set up in three-dimensional and conversion corresponding vertical and level heating and flow pattern FV and FH.

[0154] in exemplary embodiment Figure 12 D, particle 160 can be captured in Bezier trap (optical bottle) 172, is cool in this bottle.Be stacked on the Bezier trap as fruit dot trap 174, inside will be illuminated and particle 170 will absorb energy and produce the fluid that is independent of Bezier trap or bottle flows.

[0155] with reference to figure 12E, other flow pattern can be set up the layout of a plurality of traps, and wherein particle 170 can be located in the Bezier trap 174, and wherein the row that replace of trap can further illuminate by a trap 174, to produce stream upwards.It is cool that particle in the row that replace is held.As a result of, will produce downward convective flow F with big pattern with changing.

[0156] Figure 13 A exemplary illustration the laboratory 180 on chip, it has the interconnected chamber 182A-182D by passage 184A-184C.Flow pattern can be established with mobile fluid and particle in chamber (orderly at a plurality of chamber 182A-182D).Use optical trap 186 to come trapped particle and it is mobile between different chambers.Interchangeable, heat flow for example is described among Figure 12 B, can be based upon in a plurality of different chambers, and it has caused the flow pattern between each chamber.

[0157] Figure 13 C has illustrated the piece 190 that has chamber 192 and 194 therein.Be connected by passage 196 chambers 192 and 194.Flowing through passage occurs between the chamber.The material that forms piece 180 can be an elastic polymer material, for example has the PDMS of the absorbing agent nano particle 198 that is dispersed in wherein.If the nano particle in the zone 200 of adjacent channel 196 is the target of optical trap 202, then described particle just absorbs energy and causes that the material of the adjacent domain of passage expands, and causes close (Figure 13 C) of passage thus.When trap disconnects, material cooled, passage 196 is opened.

[0158] Figure 13 D has illustrated a kind of layout, and passage 204 is formed in the body 206 therein, and it has a plurality of charging apertures (feed) 208A-208D.Each charging aperture and passage can become the target of trap 209, and trap can optionally be applied thus.

[0159] Figure 13 E has illustrated a kind of layout, and wherein passage 210 is formed in the body 211, and trap 212A-212C optionally is applied to position 214A-214C.If trap is (for example the pressing the order of 212A...212B...212C...212A) activated in order, then passage 200 walls are just closed at position 214A...214B...214C...214A with the order of correspondence.Same, when each trap disconnection, the appropriate section of conduit wall just reopens.Like this, flow and just can take place by peristaltic action along passage.

[0160] in Figure 13 A-13E, also can in the zone of described passage, send laser by arteries and veins, in passage, to cause suction action.For example, if one or more trap location is set up along passage, periodically break-make laser trap can cause the fluctuation of channel inner pressure, and this fluctuation combines with the pulsation in upstream or downstream, just can obtain the effect of wriggling and aspirating.

[0161] Figure 14 A has illustrated an alternative embodiment of the invention, and wherein the volume 230 of fluid media (medium) 232 has comprised the concentration of the nano particle 234 wherein that suspends.Formation surface 236 and 236 ', it has corresponding contact (contact) A, B, C and A ', B ', C '.Optical trap such as bessel beam 238 is set up between contact A and C '.As a result of, nano particle 234 is along the path 240 that is being connected to each other contact A and C ', as shown in collection and be accumulated into piece.

[0162] in Figure 14 B, bessel beam 244 has produced conducting path 248.This path 248 is connecting contact B and A '.Bessel beam alternatively active or passive, multiple thus other conducting path can be set up between the surface.

[0163] Figure 14 C has illustrated one embodiment of the present of invention, and fluid media (medium) 250 has comprised two types nano particle 252 and 254 therein.In illustrated layout, particle 232 has the conductivity of selection, and they are different with nano particle 254 conductivities.Bessel beam 256 makes up conducting path 260 applicable to attracting conducting particles 252 between contact A and A '.Same, bessel beam 261 is applicable to attracting nano particle 254 based on conductivity, size, chirality or further feature, to set up path 262 between contact B and B '.Path 260 and 262 conductivity can be according to the conductivities separately of nano particle and are different.

[0164] in Figure 14 D, conducting path 264 and 264 ' can between contact A-B and A '-B ', set up respectively.As a result of, conducting path 260,264 lumps together to have set up and passes a medium and a conducting path between the surface, and this surface has shown that it is own and as the parallel resistance of a combination.

[0165] in Figure 14 E, bessel beam 268 and 270 can be configured, to produce conducting path 272 and 274.Described conducting path 272 can be formed by the low resistance nano particle, and described conducting path 274 can form by low resistance nano particle more, has so just formed a resistance in series.Conducting path 272 and 274 length L A separately and LB can change separately, to set up the resistance that changes between the surface.

[0166] Figure 14 F has illustrated a changeable lead 280, and it comprises a plurality of nanometer conductor 282A-282G.These conductors enough closely are captured in the bessel beam 264, to keep electric current.

[0167] in Figure 14 G, this bessel beam disconnects, and follows one or more nanometer conductors (for example 282D) diffusion, thereby causes the open circuit of circuit.Electric current is in this example opened a way, and electric current is zero.If light beam is switched and returns out, then conductor 282D is pulled to nearby, thereby electric current is flowed.

[0168] selectively, this bessel beam 284 can be held to be opened, and nanometer conductor 282D can be by a trap 288 shown in light beam in proximal most position and the position outside the light beam that shows of dotted line between switch, wherein electric current is connected when proximal most position, and electric current is zero when dotted line position.

[0169] Figure 15 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and method wherein is exemplary.According to the present invention, use above-described holographic technique to capture and handle nano particle.Yet realization of the present invention is not merely by being assembled described device just and can be obtained.For effective and efficient manner is successfully captured nano particle with a kind of practicality, needs use the dynamic optical elements (DOE) such as spatial light modulator (SLM) or Digital Light Processor (DLP), produce to have to relate to the hologram that the nano particle characteristic is a feature.In other words, need find such hologram: it can reach required functional best.

[0170] the method according to this invention can realize the required manipulation to nano particle feasiblely.This method is by using the optical trap seizure and handling the nano material particle with one or more nano-meter characteristics and realize in the exemplary embodiment, and dynamic optical elements (DOE) modulation beam of laser bundle forms described optical trap.At least one characteristic of nano material is selected.Such characteristic can be size, conductivity, chirality, refractive index or the like.Produce the beam of laser bundle, it has the wavelength corresponding to the selection of the characteristic of at least one selection of nano material.Calculated value corresponding to the DOE of the characteristic of at least one selection of nano material is selected.Light beam comes modulated by DOE, to produce a holographic optical traps, this holographic optical traps has the characteristic corresponding characteristics with at least one selection.In one exemplary embodiment, this trap is focused the spot size scope that a size is about the wavelength 1/4 of selection; And the focus of this light beam is positioned at and is used for therein near the particle of trapped particle (position).

[0171] described method is realized with practical way, and it finds what the most useful, stable and high functionalized trap were realized by using DOE as instrument.In order to reach this target, a width of cloth hologram is at first selected, then produces a trap from hologram, and resultant trap function is observed by human observer or automatic observer or the like; Select further hologram according to observed result then.This process continues always, up to the observer to produced have abundant function, stable please oneself with useful trap till.

[0172] this method has been improved art methods, function and the stable trap that these art methods are not used DOE to find as instrument to have optimization.In fact the possible combination that is used for actual hologram calculating is in fact unconfined in a large number combination.Therefore, unless use the high speed DOE that is coupled with powerful processor, the unlikely actual optics that obtains nano particle of user is captured.Yet in the present invention, DOE and computer drive are used to find out the feature that hologram calculates based on the nano particle feature.Prior art systems depends on test and error, and it only uses known layout and does not calculate according to particle characteristics correction (tailor) hologram.Thereby, use method of the present invention to save the plenty of time, to allow under feasible time frame, the developing multiple technologies that are used to handle nano particle.

[0173] product

[0174] the present invention has also comprised the product of producing according to method and apparatus disclosed herein.For example, the present invention includes the product by using laser beam to come manipulation of particles to produce, this laser beam is modulated by dynamic optical elements, to produce optical trap.The present invention includes product by using this laser beam and modulation dynamic optical elements to come the device of manipulation of particles to produce.In one exemplary embodiment, the present invention includes a structure, it handles nanotube by using described method and apparatus, and it is bonding and form to form the nanotube of these structures.

[0175] although described exemplary embodiment of the present invention herein, carries out multiple improvement and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that.Claims of the present invention will cover these improvement and change, and these improvement and change all fall into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (34)

1. method, it uses optical trap to handle the one or more particles with one or more characteristics, and described optical trap forms by dynamic optical elements DOE modulation beam of laser bundle, said method comprising the steps of:

Select at least one characteristic of described particle;

Produce laser beam, its have a selection, corresponding to the wavelength of the characteristic of at least one selection of described particle;

Select the calculated value of described DOE, described calculated value is corresponding to the characteristic of described at least one selection of described particle;

Modulate described light beam and described DOE, to produce at least one holographic optical traps, it has the performance corresponding to the characteristic of described at least one selection;

With described Trap focus to a beam focus or a spot size scope with size of selection; And

Described beam focus is positioned one to be used for capturing there near the particle position of described particle.

2. method according to claim 1, it further comprises:

Observe the functional of at least one trap;

Functionally recomputated described DOE value in response to what observe, described functional to adjust; And

Repeated measures step and recomputate step is till functional the pleasing oneself that the characteristic to described at least one selection obtains.

3. method according to claim 1, it further comprises:

By moulding the shape of at least one trap, change the functional of described at least one trap.

4. method according to claim 1, wherein handle described particle and further comprise at least one following step:

Trapped particle is moved to the position of selection;

The part of described trapped particle is attached to a surface or is attached to another particle;

The particle that the selectivity heating is attached is to set up a flow pattern in closing on medium;

With particle-stabilised on the position;

Heat described particle with the trap energy;

Penetrate described particle so that itself and nearest object bump;

Make described particle distortion by shock wave, to punch on the object recently;

Pattern with a selection is arranged particle;

The selectivity heating is by the particle of selected arranged in patterns, to set up the flow pattern of the selection that closes on medium accordingly.

Trapped particle in having first functional first trap of selecting; And have stacked second trap of selecting on second functional described particle;

Particle is deposited on the surface;

Particle is deposited on the described surface with the parallel axial array perpendicular to the surface;

Particle is deposited on the described surface with the parallel axial array that is parallel to the surface;

Particle is removed from a surface or body;

Particle is ablated from a surface;

According to the characteristic of the nano particle described nano particle of classifying, the characteristic of described nano particle comprises size, shape, length, conductivity, specific inductive capacity, refractive index, chirality, fluorescence, and in the thermal absorptivity one of at least;

Selectivity adds hot particle in medium, to cause the expansion of described medium;

Selectivity adds hot particle in channelled medium, causing the expansion of described medium, thereby closes described passage;

Distinguish particle based on size, functional, absorptivity, fluorescence, chirality and length; And

The response incident radiation, sensing is from the energy of described particle emission.

5. method according to claim 1, wherein: one or more particles are nano materials, this nano material comprise in the following material one of at least: nanotube, condensed state simple substance gold, platinum, titanium, DNA, thermal absorption body, colloidal spheres, polymkeric substance, XC polymer, quantum dot, medicine and biomaterial.

6. method according to claim 5, it further comprises the steps:

At least one described polymkeric substance is attached to functional colloidal spheres;

Described polymkeric substance is attached at least one end portion of at least one nano particle; And

Can handle first and to capture described functional colloidal spheres in the optical trap.

7. method according to claim 6, it further comprises:

Described polymkeric substance and one of colloidal spheres of adhering to are attached to another end portion of described particle; And

Capture described spheroid in optical trap, the navigability of this optical trap does not rely on described first optical trap, thereby described particle can stretch in the space, compresses or locate.

8. method according to claim 1, wherein: the size of described particle is approximately the described wavelength of described laser.

9. method according to claim 8, wherein: the size of described particle be approximately described laser described wavelength 1/2 to 1/4 near.

10. method according to claim 1, wherein: at least one characteristic of described trap comprises the pattern of described laser.

11. method according to claim 10, the described pattern of wherein said laser comprise following one of at least: Gaussian distribution, Bezier distribute, point distributes, and the optics whirlpool.

12. method according to claim 1, it further comprises: the power of capturing of coming the described trap of balance by the radiation pressure of described laser, with most possibly with the particle localization of being captured near described trap focus.

13. method according to claim 1, wherein said DOE comprises: spatial light modulator, Digital Light Processor, and the holographic negative of fixing exposure.

14. method according to claim 1, wherein: described particle comprises particulate, nano particle, and one or more in the skin particle.

15. a product, its method manufacturing according to claim 1.

16. product, it is made by the assembling of the particle with one or more characteristics by optical trap, wherein said optical trap forms by the beam of laser bundle that uses dynamic optical elements DOE modulation to have the wavelength of selection, and the wavelength of described selection is corresponding to the characteristic of at least one selection of described particle;

Generation has the laser beam of the calculated value of selection, and the calculated value of described selection is corresponding to the characteristic of described at least one selection of described particle;

Modulate described light beam and described DOE, to produce at least one holographic optical traps;

With described Trap focus to a beam focus or have the spot size scope of the size of selection; And

Described beam focus is positioned to be used for capturing therein near the particle position of described particle.

17. product according to claim 16 forms through the following steps:

Observe the functional of at least one trap;

Functionally recomputated described DOE value in response to what observe, described functional to regulate; And

Repeated measures and the step that recomputates are till functional the pleasing oneself that the characteristic to described at least one selection obtains.

18. a device, it is used to handle the material particle of characteristic one or more, that have at least one selection, and described device comprises:

Laser instrument, it is used to produce the laser beam of the wavelength with selection, and this wavelength is corresponding to the characteristic of at least one selection of described material;

Dynamic optical elements DOE, it is used to produce hologram, and described hologram has the calculated value corresponding to the characteristic of described at least one selection of described material;

By the described laser beam that the DOE that is used to produce holographic optical traps modulates, it has the performance corresponding to the characteristic of described at least one selection.

19. device according to claim 18, it further comprises: laser instrument, described laser instrument are used for the beam focus of described Trap focus to the spot size scope of selecting.

20. device according to claim 18, it further comprises: the described functional device that is used to observe described trap.

21. device according to claim 20 further comprises: be used for device in response to the functional DOE of the recomputating value of observation, described functional to regulate.

22. device according to claim 18, wherein: described DOE comprises at least one in spatial light modulator SLM and the Digital Light Processor.

23. device according to claim 18, it further comprises: the computing machine that is used to control described DOE.

24. device according to claim 23, wherein said DOE further comprises: by described computer-controlled codified reflecting surface, it is used for forming therein hologram.

25. device according to claim 18, it further comprises: the microscope that is used to observe described particle.

26. device according to claim 18, wherein: described DOE produces the hologram that a width of cloth is suitable for producing described optical trap, described optical trap comprise in following one of at least: Gauss's trap, bessel beam, optics whirlpool, optical bottle, and some trap.

27. device according to claim 18, wherein said hologram has feature, and it is that interested characteristic optimized to described particle obtains.

28. device according to claim 18 comprises: be used to produce the device of shock wave, described shock wave is used to make described particle distortion.

29. device according to claim 18, wherein: described trap has the optics section profile of selection.

30. device according to claim 18, wherein: described particle comprises one or more in nano particle, particulate and the skin particle.

31. device according to claim 18, wherein: described one or more particles are nano materials, this nano material comprise in the following material one of at least: nanotube, condensed state simple substance gold, platinum, titanium, DNA, thermal absorption body, colloidal spheres, polymkeric substance, XC polymer, quantum dot, medicine, and biomaterial.

32. a product, its device manufacturing according to claim 18.

33. a product, it is by the device manufacturing that is used to handle one or more material particles, and described material particle has the characteristic of at least one selection; Described device has:

Laser instrument, it is used for the characteristic corresponding to described at least one selection of described material, produces the laser beam of the wavelength with selection;

Dynamic optical elements DOE, it is used to produce hologram, and described hologram has the calculated value corresponding to the characteristic of described at least one selection of described material;

The described laser beam of modulating by the DOE that is used to produce one or more holographic optical traps, it has the performance corresponding to the characteristic of described at least one selection, wherein said trap is focused on the particle, and captive particle is attached to other particle, to form described product from wherein assembly.

34. a method, it is used to produce the structure of being made up of nanotube, and it may further comprise the steps:

Assemble and be used to assemble the nanotube of described structure;

Capture described nanotube optically by optical trap, this optical trap forms by the dynamic optical elements modulating lasering beam;

Moving the nanotube of selecting in the captive nanotube makes them closer to each other;

The nanotube of selecting is attached within the assembly, forms described nano tube structure thus.

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