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CN1711448B - 空气调节系统和方法 - Google Patents

空气调节系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1711448B
CN1711448B CN2003801034344A CN200380103434A CN1711448B CN 1711448 B CN1711448 B CN 1711448B CN 2003801034344 A CN2003801034344 A CN 2003801034344A CN 200380103434 A CN200380103434 A CN 200380103434A CN 1711448 B CN1711448 B CN 1711448B
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heat exchanger
reservoir
air
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fluid
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CN1711448A (zh
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加德·阿萨夫
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Agam Energy Systems Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02Heat pumps of the compression type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/002Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1417Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with liquid hygroscopic desiccants
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0014Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using absorption or desorption
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56Heat recovery units

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于调节具有至少一个入口和一个出口的封闭室内的空间的空气调节系统,该系统包括:第一和第二液体/空气热交换器;所述第一热交换器具有一开口,该开口用于接收来自外界的新鲜空气并推动新鲜空气经过所述第一热交换器,以便使新鲜空气在进入所述封闭室之前与液体进行换热;所述第二热交换器具有一开口,该开口用于接收来自封闭室的空气并推动空气经过所述第二热交换器,以便使空气在排入大气之前与液体进行热交换。本发明还涉及用于空气调节封闭空间和用于蒸发工业废水的方法。

Description

空气调节系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及空气调节系统和方法。更具体地说,本发明涉及夏季和冬季使用的新鲜空气调节系统和方法。
背景技术
现代家庭需要空气调节,具体地说是夏天制冷和冬天供热。为了除去不想要的气体和气味,也需要新鲜空气流。当室外空气和室内空气的焓的梯度较大时,伴随有能量损耗的用于夏季制冷和冬季供热的新鲜空气流也增加了。因此,在热带气候下,当室外空气的焓为90kJ/kg而室内空气的焓保持52kJ/kg时,每交换1kg空气所需的新鲜空气流会增加38kJ的潜在负荷。类似的,在冬天,交换新鲜空气增加了供热负荷。
发明内容
本发明的一般目的是:利用流入系统的新鲜空气和排出室外的空气之间的热交换和液体交换,提供用于封闭室(enclosure)内的空间的新鲜空气调节的系统和方法。
根据本发明,提供一种用于调节封闭室内的空间的空气调节系统,该封闭室具有至少一个入口和一个出口,所述系统包括第一和第二液体/空气热交换器;所述第一热交换器具有一开口,该开口用于接收来自外界的新鲜空气并推动新鲜空气经过所述第一热交换器以便使新鲜空气在进入所述封闭室之前与液体进行换热,所述第二热交换器具有一开口,该开口用于接收来自封闭室的空气并推动空气经过所述第二热交换器以便使空气在排入大气前与液体进行换热。
本发明还提供了一种用于对封闭空间进行空气调节的方法,该方法包括:提供基于本发明的空气调节系统,以及通过利用来自所述空间的冷却空气,使所述液体在进入蒸发器之前进行预冷。
本发明还提供了一种用于对封闭空间进行空气调节的方法,该方法包括:提供基于本发明的空气调节系统,以及在推动液体经过所述热交换器之前,利用热泵来预调节经过该热泵的液体。
根据本发明,该方法还提供了一种用于工业废水蒸发的方法;给接收来自外界的新鲜空气的热交换器的储液器补充液体干燥剂,并从其它热交换器的储蓄器中排出过多的水。
附图说明
下面参考下列附图结合确定的优选实施例描述本发明,从而可以更全面地理解本发明。
下面特别详细参考附图,注意所示细节仅仅是以示例的方式以及为了示意说明本发明的优选实施例的目的,而且所示细节的表达是为了提供相信是对于本发明的原理和概念方面最有用和最容易理解的描述。在该方面,除了表示基本理解本发明所需的结构细节外,没有更详细地表示过多的结构细节,结合附图的描述使本领域的技术人员很清楚本发明的几种形式可以如何在实际中实施。
在附图中:
图1是本发明的空气调节系统的示意剖视图;
图2和3是图1中的系统的示意剖视图,该系统包括热泵,表示了夏季工况中系统的两种可能的运行模式;
图4和5是图1中的系统的示意剖视图,该系统包括热泵,表示了冬季工况中系统的两种可能的运行模式;
图6是用于工业废水蒸发的本发明的系统的示意剖视图;以及
图7是用于利用多路阀使得可以进行夏季和冬季运行的本发明的系统的示意剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1所示为本发明的优选实施例,即用于在夏季和冬季过程中对封闭室进行空气调节的系统2的优选实施例。但是应当注意,通过较小的修改(下文将很明显),该系统可以根据需要用于在夏季或冬季过程中进行空气调节。
图1所示的封闭室4具有空气调节入口6和空气调节出口8并确定了空调空间10。系统2基本上包括两个基本类似(优选为直接接触式)的热交换器12、14。各热交换器包括:壳体16、16’;储液器18、18’;蒸发介质20、20’;插入储液器和蒸发介质之间的滴水室22、22’;液体出口24、24’(例如喷嘴或喷头)和位于出口24、24’上的风机26、26’。风机26、26’可以用吹风机(未示)来替代,该吹风机位于热交换器12的新鲜空气入口28处和与空间10连接并接收来自空间10的空气的空气入口28’处,或者在上述入口的附近。
根据本发明,可以用于该系统的液体可以具有水,但是优选的是利用液体干燥剂和特定的盐水。因此下列描述涉及作为液体的非限定性例子的盐水。
泵30、30’选择性地将盐水从储液器18、18’通过管道32、32’分别推进到热交换器12和14的出口24、24’,由箭头清楚地指示。显然,除了用两个泵30、30’外,也可以采用一个泵。储液器18、18’通过管道34、34’相互连接以便盐水可以从一个储液器流到(优选是通过重力)另一个储液器。根据需要可选择设置控制阀36来控制储液器之间的流动。
优选的是,系统2也包括插在盐水出口24、24’和风机26、26’之间的漂浮物清除器38、38’。也可以在热交换器12和通向封闭室4内的空间10的入口6之间的通路上安装加湿器40。
下面参考图2,所示的图1中的系统2用于为通常夏季运行增加焓值。如图所示,系统2也包括热泵42,该热泵42包括蒸发器44、冷凝器46、制冷剂压缩机48和膨胀阀50,该膨胀阀50与蒸发器44和冷凝器46相互连接,用于沿着选定的方向循环制冷剂。来自外部的空气进入热交换器12并与来自储液器18’且经过蒸发器44之后的盐水交换热和水蒸气,用于使空气在进入封闭室4之前进一步冷却。这样,进入封闭室4的新鲜空气更冷、更干。
参考图3,推荐所示的本发明的系统2在非极端环境工况下使用。从冷却空间10排出的相对冷的空气用来冷却冷凝器46而不是加热蒸发器44(如图2中的实施例)。
在冬季工况下,当外部空气比封闭室内的空气冷时,可以使用图4中的系统2。将相对暖和的盐水从储液器18’推进通过冷凝器46,以便使盐水在用于加热热交换器12中的外部空气之前接收余热。
用于冬季供热调节的另一个实施例如图5所示。由于较暖和的盐水从储液器18’经过蒸发器44,蒸发器44相对于冷凝器46更暖和。因为在蒸发器44和冷凝器46之间的压力梯度较低,压缩机48高效运行。在将新鲜空气推进到封闭室4内以前,冷凝器46加热进入热交换器12的新鲜空气。
通过较小的修改,系统2也可以用于工业废水的蒸发。图6所示为本发明的系统2,其中储液器18设有用于添加盐水以补充蒸发的入口52,储液器18’装配有用于排出过多的水的出口54。
尽管在前述实施例中表示各储液器18、18’和热泵42之间有独立的流动通道,参考图7所示系统2,其中设有多路阀56使得能够控制从各储液器到热泵42的冷凝器或蒸发器的流动,用于在环境温度改变时进行高效的空气调节。
在本发明的优选实施例中,希望用在公开文本WO 00/11426中所述的液体/空气直接接触式热交换器来作为热交换器12和14,该公开文本的教示被本文参引。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,很显然本发明并不限于前述实施例的细节,在不偏离本发明的主旨和必要特征的情况下,本发明可以用其它特定的形式来实施。认为因此本实施例在各方面都是示意性的而不是限制性的,因此,有所附权利要求(而不是前述描述)表示的本发明的范围以及在等同于权利要求的含意和范围内的所有修改都应该包括在内。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于调节具有至少一个入口和一个出口的封闭室(4)内的空间的空气调节系统,所述系统包括:
第一和第二液体/空气热交换器(12,14);
所述第一热交换器(12)具有一开口(28),该开口用于接收来自外界的新鲜空气并推动新鲜空气经过所述第一热交换器,以便使新鲜空气在进入所述封闭室之前与液体进行换热,
所述第二热交换器(14)具有一开口(8),该开口用于接收来自封闭室的空气并推动空气经过所述第二热交换器,以便使空气在排入大气之前与液体进行热交换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于:所述系统还包括热泵(42),所述第一和第二热交换器(12,14)通过所述热泵相互流体连通。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于:所述第一和第二热交换器(12,14)各包括:
壳体(16,16′),其具有在其下部的储液器(18,18′)以及在其上部的蒸发介质(20,20′);
在所述储液器和所述蒸发介质之间的滴水室(22,22′);
布置在所述介质上方的液体出口(24,24′);
用于迫使空气进入所述壳体并使空气相对于从所述液体出口排出的液体流形成逆流的装置(26);以及
用于将流体从所述储液器推进到所述液体出口的装置(30,30′)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于:所述热泵(42)包括:
蒸发器(44);
冷凝器(46);以及
与所述蒸发器和所述冷凝器相互连接的制冷剂压缩机和膨胀阀(50)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其特征在于:所述热泵(42)还包括用于使所述制冷剂的流动反向的装置。
6.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于:所述系统还包括与所述储液器(18,18′)直接相互连接的管道装置(34,34′)。
7.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于:各所述储液器(18,18′)与所述热泵(42)通过泵装置(30,30′)流体连通。
8.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其特征在于:所述蒸发器(44)的出口与所述第二热交换器(14)的液体出口(24′)流体连通,所述第二热交换器(14)的储液器(18′)和所述第一热交换器(12)的液体出口(24)流体连通。
9.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于:所述系统还包括一多路阀(56),该多路阀可操作地连接在所述储液器(18,18′)和所述热泵(42)之间。
10.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于:所述第一热交换器(12)的储液器(18)与所述蒸发器(44)流体连通,所述第二热交换器(14)的储液器(18′)与所述冷凝器(46)流体连通。
11.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于:所述第一热交换器(12)的储液器(18)与所述冷凝器(46)流体连通,所述第二热交换器(14)的储液器(18′)与所述蒸发器(44)流体连通。
12.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于:用于迫使空气进入所述壳体的所述装置是位于所述液体出口(24,24′)上方的风机(26,26′)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其特征在于:所述系统还包括位于所述液体出口(24,24′)和所述风机(26,26′)之间的漂浮物清除器(38,38′)。
14.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于:所述系统还包括布置在从所述第一热交换器(12)通向所述封闭室(4)的通路中的加湿器(40)。
15.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于:一个所述储液器(18,18′)还包括用于添加液体以补充蒸发的入口孔(52),而第二个所述储液器包括用于排出过多液体的出口孔(54)。
16.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于:所述液体是液体干燥剂。
17.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于:所述液体是盐水。
CN2003801034344A 2002-11-17 2003-11-11 空气调节系统和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1711448B (zh)

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IL15288502A IL152885A0 (en) 2002-11-17 2002-11-17 Air conditioning systems and methods
IL152885 2002-11-17
PCT/IL2003/000943 WO2004046618A1 (en) 2002-11-17 2003-11-11 Air conditioning system and methods_____________________________

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CN1711448B true CN1711448B (zh) 2010-05-26

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ATE480738T1 (de) 2010-09-15
CN1711448A (zh) 2005-12-21
IL152885A0 (en) 2003-06-24
EP1563229B1 (en) 2010-09-08
DE60334143D1 (de) 2010-10-21
US20060042295A1 (en) 2006-03-02
WO2004046618A1 (en) 2004-06-03
US7430878B2 (en) 2008-10-07
AU2003276675A1 (en) 2004-06-15
EP1563229A1 (en) 2005-08-17

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