CN1602723A - A kind of grouper food attractant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed attractant suitable for aquaculture animals such as grouper and a preparation method thereof. The ingredients of the attractant are composed by weight ratio: 70-85% of animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate dry powder, 2-10% of nucleotides, 0.4-3% of sulfur-containing compounds, 5-15% of compound amino acids, 2-20% of betaine %, pigment 0.5-5% and antioxidant 0.1-0.5%. The preparation method is as follows: the fresh animal protein source raw material is enzymolyzed by protease, and then an antioxidant accounting for 0.5-3% of the weight of the fresh animal protein source raw material is added, and the animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate dry powder is obtained through spray drying; The dry powder is an adsorption carrier, and nucleotides, sulfur-containing compounds, compound amino acids, betaine, pigments and antioxidants are added in proportion, mixed evenly and dried to obtain the desired food attractant. The feed attractant can effectively attract aquaculture animals to eat feed, improve feed utilization, promote growth, enhance disease resistance, and increase survival rate.

Description

A kind of grouper food attractant and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to a high-efficiency food attractant for aquaculture animals such as grouper and a preparation method thereof.

technical background

Grouper, a valuable economic fish in aquaculture, has delicious meat and high economic value, especially in Southeast Asia, Japan, Hong Kong and Macao markets, where it is expensive and is a high-end seafood. As people's demand for fresh and live seafood is increasing day by day, the market is increasingly in short supply. Many countries at home and abroad are actively carrying out artificial breeding of seawater economic animals such as grouper. The popularity of breeding has increased the demand for seedlings, but the number of natural seedlings is limited. The artificial breeding of seawater economic animals such as grouper and adult fish farming is a high-value technology industry with obvious economic benefits and has broad market prospects. .

Food attractant belongs to a kind of non-nutritional additives. Appropriate addition in aquatic feed can improve the palatability of feed, improve the taste of bait, and stimulate the senses of smell, vision and taste of aquaculture animals, so that they gather around the bait, thus Improve the appetite of aquatic animals, maintain high nutrient intake, change the feeding status under disease or stress conditions, promote the feeding of aquatic animals, enhance the immunity of animals, alleviate some diseases, and provide guarantee for healthy fish farming; and can enhance Aquatic animals digest and absorb artificial bait and promote growth, improve feed efficiency, shorten feeding time, reduce feed waste, keep the water environment clean, and greatly benefit the health of aquatic animals. In addition, the development and utilization of food attractants can improve the flavor of fishmeal-free feed, solve the shortage of protein feed, and provide broad prospects for the development and utilization of new feed resources. Attractants should generally have good stability. The quality should be stable during storage, processing and after processing, and at the same time, there should be no adverse changes between the food attractant and other raw materials and additives. Esters and aromatic aldehydes are very unstable to alkali, so their use is greatly restricted. The food attractant itself should be uniform, good in dispersion, normal in adsorption and absorption, safe and non-toxic. Some ingredients not only pollute water (sawdust) as in the bait additive of Chinese Patent Application No. 93105426.5 and 95102782.4 document record, and easy nourishment bacterium (fresh cow dung). Others mainly use chemical methods to extract food-attracting ingredients from animals and plants. But there are also many shortcomings, such as the general food intake of animals, low nutritional level and bait utilization rate. A single L-amino acid or its mixture has also been used as a food attractant additive for fish and shrimp, but its use is limited due to its high cost and high commodity price. Therefore, a food attractant with good food attractant effect and low cost has become Problems to be solved and research and development hotspots. All of the above issues require further research and development.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency food attractant suitable for aquaculture animals such as grouper with good food attractant effect and low cost and a preparation method thereof, so as to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art and solve the problem of current aquaculture feed. Additives (attractants) are a common problem.

The grouper food attractant of the present invention is a kind of animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate dry powder as the main body of adsorption, adding nucleotides, sulfur-containing compounds, compound amino acids, betaine and pigments, etc. combination. The food attractant is rich in proteins, polypeptides, free amino acids, etc., and has certain fatty acids, nucleotides, and alkaloids, which can produce strong physical and chemical stimuli on seawater cultured animal fry from the aspects of vision, smell, and taste. , has a strong bait-attracting effect on fry. The raw materials used are economical and easy to obtain, and the processing method conforms to hygienic standards, and is a safe and efficient green additive.

The feed attractant of the present invention has the composition and proportioning by weight of: 70-85% of animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate dry powder, 2-10% of nucleotides, 0.4-3% of sulfur-containing compounds, and 5-15% of compound amino acids , betaine 2-20%, pigment 0.5-5% and antioxidant 0.1-0.5%. The nucleotide may be one or more selected from inosinic acid, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate; the sulfur-containing compound may be selected from dimethyl-β-propionic acid One or more of thiotin (DMPT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DM), allicin; the compound amino acid can be selected from glycine (Gly), taurine (Tau), alanine ( Phe), glutamic acid (Glu), methionine (Met), valine (Val), proline (Pro), arginine (Arg) and two or more Two or more; the pigment may be astaxanthin or/and vitamin B2; the antioxidant may be one or more selected from vitamin E, vitamin C phosphate, and ethoxyquinoline.

The animal protein enzymolyzate dry powder used in the food attractant of the present invention can be obtained by adding 0.5-3% of the weight of fresh animal protein source raw material to antioxidant after proteolysis, and then spray drying.

The above-mentioned food attractant of the present invention can be prepared by the following method, the steps are:

(1) Mix fresh animal protein source raw materials according to the ratio of material to water weight ratio = 1: (2-6), adjust the pH to 8.5-9.5, homogenize, carry out alkali extraction, and pass through a 60-100 mesh sieve to remove the part Impurities; add protease, adjust the temperature to 40-70°C, and adjust the appropriate pH value according to the type of protease used; enzymolysis at a constant temperature of 50-70°C for 1-10 hours in a hot and cold cylinder, and then heat up to 80-95°C to maintain 10-15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, then lower the temperature back to 40-70°C, and then add exopeptidase for 1-10 hours to eliminate the bitterness; after that, add 0.5-3% of the weight of fresh animal protein source of antioxidants , filtered to obtain the hydrolyzate, then concentrated and spray-dried to obtain the desired animal protein hydrolyzate dry powder. Spray-drying nozzle speed is generally 8000-22000r/min (preferably 12000-20000r/min), inlet temperature is 150-230°C, and outlet temperature is 90-110°C; the protease is generally trypsin, gastric One or more of protease, chymotrypsin, papain, bromelain, and ficin; exopeptidase is generally aminopeptidase P or/and carboxypeptidase; the amount of protease is generally per gram of fresh protein raw material 5000-30000IU or 50-500IU per milliliter of enzymolysis solution; the dosage of exopeptidase is generally 5000-30000IU per gram of fresh protein source material or 50-500IU per milliliter of enzymolysis solution;

(2) Use the obtained animal protein hydrolyzate dry powder as the adsorption carrier, add nucleotides, sulfur compounds, compound amino acids, betaine, pigments and antioxidants in proportion, and get the required food-attractant after mixing evenly and drying agent.

The animal protein source raw material described in the method of the present invention can be selected from one or more cheap animal protein raw materials such as mussel meat, squid meat, red worm, seawater fresh miscellaneous fish and the like. The antioxidant may be one or more selected from vitamin E, vitamin C phosphate, and ethoxyquinoline.

When there are many kinds of enzymes used in the above method of the present invention, the temperature and pH of the enzymolysis can be adjusted according to their respective optimum temperature and pH, so that they can fully exert their effects and achieve the best effect. The best conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of some proteases are: pepsin (activity 75000IU/G), pH 1.5-2.5, temperature 40-60°C, hydrolysis for 1-10 hours; Bacillus subtilis neutral protease (activity 50000IU/G) , pH6.0-8.5, temperature 40-60℃, hydrolysis 1-10 hours, trypsin (activity 60000IU/G), pH7.0-9.5, temperature 40-60℃, hydrolysis 1-12 hours. Papain (600,000 IU/G) pH5.5-7.5, temperature 40-60°C, hydrolyze for 1-12 hours.

The food attractant of the present invention is added to the feed according to the ratio of 1-10%wt. Through comparative experiments, electrophysiological experiments and feeding growth experiments, it has been shown that the food attractant can successfully attract aquaculture animals such as groupers to feed Feed can effectively improve feed utilization efficiency, promote growth, enhance disease resistance, improve survival rate, overcome many problems in current technology, and have important significance and higher economic value. Therefore, the food attractant of the present invention is a high-efficiency food attractant suitable for various aquatic economic animals such as grouper.

The high-efficiency food attractant of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The analysis results from the nutrient composition of the feed show that the protein content is high, the ash content is low, and there are more semi-enzymatic hydrolysis products such as small peptides and free amino acids, etc., which basically meet the nutritional requirements of grouper larvae, juveniles, and juveniles. need.

2. In terms of physical properties, it has obvious fresh and sweet taste, and has a fresh fishy smell in the sense of smell, which can effectively stimulate the nervous system of fry to cause feeding response; in terms of color, it is relatively bright, which can well arouse the visual response of grouper fry , will have a better attracting effect.

3. The feeding experiment results of larvae show that the high-efficiency food-attractant of the present invention has a good food-attracting effect, effectively improves feed utilization efficiency, promotes growth, strengthens disease resistance, and improves survival rate. The effect is very obvious .

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: 50 kg of mussel meat and cod 30 kg are mixed according to the weight ratio of feed to water=1:5, the pH is adjusted to 9.0 and the homogenate is carried out for alkali extraction, and some impurities are removed by sieving; papain (600,000 IU/G) is added 1.2 grams, adjust the appropriate pH to 7.5, after 4 hours of constant temperature enzymolysis at 65°C in a hot and cold cylinder, heat up to 90°C and keep for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, then lower the temperature back to 45°C, and then add aminopeptidase P Enzymolysis with carboxypeptidase for 5 hours to eliminate bitterness; after that, add ethoxyquinoline accounting for 0.8% by weight of fresh animal protein source raw materials, filter to obtain hydrolyzate, then concentrate, and spray dry in a high-speed centrifugal spray dryer That is, the desired dry powder of animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate can be obtained; the nozzle speed of the spray drying is 18000r/min, the inlet temperature is 180°C, and the outlet temperature is 100°C. With the obtained animal protein hydrolyzate dry powder as the adsorption carrier, add 3% inosinic acid, 1% DMPT (dimethyl-beta-thiatin propionate), 5% glutathione, and 1% L-methionine according to the total weight ratio. %, 10% betaine, 2% astaxanthin and 0.5% vitamin E, after mixing uniformly and drying, the required high-efficiency food attractant can be obtained.

The food attractant obtained above was added to the feed by 5% to carry out the experiment of raising grouper fry. The time from feeding to feeding was obviously shorter than that of the control group without food attractant, and the growth and feed efficiency were all higher than those of the control group. It is about 40% higher than that of the control group, and the survival rate is also improved compared with the control group, and better food-inducing and growth-promoting effects have been obtained.

Embodiment 2: 60 kg of medlar and 10 kg of squid meat are mixed according to the weight ratio of feed to water=1: 4.5, the pH is adjusted to 9.0 and homogenized for alkali extraction, and some impurities are removed by sieving; add trypsin (6000IU/G) 1.0 Gram and papain (700,000 IU/G) 0.8g, adjust the appropriate pH 7.0, after 3 hours of constant temperature enzymolysis at 60°C in a hot and cold cylinder, heat up to 88°C for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, then Cool down to 60°C, add aminopeptidase P for 5 hours to eliminate bitterness; add ethoxyquinoline accounting for 1.5% by weight of fresh animal protein source raw materials, filter to obtain hydrolyzate, and then concentrate and centrifuge at high speed Spray drying in a spray dryer can obtain the desired dry powder of animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate; the nozzle speed of the spray drying is 16000r/min, the inlet temperature is 170°C, and the outlet temperature is 950°C. With the obtained animal protein hydrolyzate dry powder as the adsorption carrier, add 4% of adenosine diphosphate, 0.8% of DMPT (dimethyl-beta-thiatin propionate), 5% of glutathione, and L-methionine according to the total weight ratio. 0.5%, 0.5% of L-alanine, 8% of betaine, 1.2% of astaxanthin and 0.4% of ethoxyquinoline are uniformly mixed and dried to obtain the desired high-efficiency food attractant.

Add the food attractant obtained above to the feed by 6% to carry out the experiment of raising grouper juvenile fish, the feeding speed is obviously faster than the control group without food attractant, and the growth and feed efficiency are all about 35% higher than the control group. The survival rate was also improved compared with the control group, and better food-inducing and growth-promoting effects were obtained.

Embodiment three: 30kg squid meat and cod 30kg are mixed according to feed-water weight ratio=1: 5, adjust pH9.0 and homogenize carry out alkali extraction, sieve to remove part impurity; Add papain (600,000 IU/G) 1.2 gram, adjust the appropriate pH to 7.5, and after 4 hours of constant temperature enzymolysis at 65°C in a hot and cold cylinder, heat up to 90°C and keep for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, then lower the temperature back to 45°C, and then add aminopeptidase P and Carboxypeptidase enzymolysis for 5 hours to eliminate bitterness; after completion, add ethoxyquinoline accounting for 3% of the weight of fresh animal protein source raw materials, filter to obtain the hydrolyzate, then concentrate, and spray dry in a high-speed centrifugal spray dryer. The required dry powder of animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate is obtained; the nozzle speed of the spray drying is 18000r/min, the inlet temperature is 180°C, and the outlet temperature is 100°C. With the obtained animal protein hydrolyzate dry powder as the adsorption carrier, add 3% inosinic acid, 1% DMPT (dimethyl-beta-thiatin propionate), 5% glutathione, and 1% L-methionine according to the total weight ratio. %, 12% betaine, 1.5% astaxanthin and 0.4% vitamin E, after mixing evenly and drying, the desired high-efficiency food attractant can be obtained.

The food attractant obtained above was added to the feed by 5% to carry out the experiment of raising grouper fry. The time from feeding to feeding was obviously shorter than that of the control group without food attractant, and the growth and feed efficiency were all higher than those of the control group. It is about 42% higher than that of the control group, and the survival rate is also improved compared with the control group, and a better effect of attracting food and promoting growth has been obtained.

Claims (6)

1. A grouper food attractant, its composition and ratio by weight are: animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate dry powder 70-85%, nucleotide 2-10%, sulfur-containing compound 0.4-3%, compound amino acid 5-15%, betaine 2-20%, pigment 0.5-5% and antioxidant 0.1-0.5%; the nucleotide is selected from inosinic acid, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate one or more; the sulfur-containing compound is one or more selected from dimethyl-β-thiatin propionate, dimethyl sulfoxide, and allicin; the compound amino acid is selected from Two or more of glycine, taurine, alanine, glutamic acid, methionine, valine, proline, arginine and glutathione; the pigment is astaxanthin or / and vitamin B2; the antioxidant is one or more selected from vitamin E, vitamin C phosphate, and ethoxyquinoline. 2. according to the described food attractant of claim 1, it is characterized in that described animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate dry powder is to add the antibiotic that accounts for fresh animal protein source raw material weight 0.5-3% after proteolytic hydrolysis by fresh animal protein source raw material. Oxidant, obtained by spray drying. 3. the preparation method of the food attractant described in claim 1 or 2, its steps are: (1) Mix fresh animal protein source raw materials according to the ratio of material to water weight ratio = 1: (2-6), adjust the pH to 8.5-9.5, homogenize, carry out alkali extraction, and pass through a 60-100 mesh sieve to remove the part Impurities; add protease, adjust the temperature to 40-70°C, and adjust the appropriate pH value according to the type of protease used; enzymolysis at a constant temperature of 50-70°C for 1-10 hours in a hot and cold cylinder, and then heat up to 80-95°C to maintain 10-15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, then lower the temperature back to 40-70 ° C, and then add exopeptidase for 1-10 hours of enzymatic hydrolysis; after that, add an antioxidant accounting for 0.5-3% of the weight of the fresh animal protein source raw material, and filter to obtain The hydrolyzed solution is then concentrated and spray-dried to obtain the desired animal protein enzymatic hydrolyzate dry powder; the nozzle speed during spray drying is 8000-22000r/min, the inlet temperature is 150-230°C, and the outlet temperature is 90-110°C; The protease is one or more of trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, papain, bromelain, and ficin; the exopeptidase is aminopeptidase P or/and carboxypeptidase; the amount of protease is 5000-30000IU per gram of fresh protein source material or 50-500IU per milliliter of enzymolysis solution; the amount of exopeptidase is 5000-30000IU per gram of fresh protein source material or 50-500IU per milliliter of enzymolysis solution; (2) Use the obtained animal protein hydrolyzate dry powder as the adsorption carrier, add nucleotides, sulfur compounds, compound amino acids, betaine, pigments and antioxidants in proportion, and get the required food-attractant after mixing evenly and drying agent. 4. according to the described method of claim 3, it is characterized in that the fresh animal protein source raw material described in step (1) is one or more than one selected from mussel meat, red worm, seawater fresh miscellaneous fish . 5. according to the described method of claim 3, it is characterized in that the antioxidant described in step (1) is one or more selected from vitamin E, vitamin C phosphate, ethoxyquinoline. 6. according to the described method of claim 3,4 or 5, it is characterized in that the nozzle rotating speed when spray drying in the step (1) is 12000-20000r/min.