CN1571618A - Intelligent high-power electronic ballast and intelligent management system for urban lighting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the technic that a data processing circuit is installed on electron intelligentize ballast of every high voltage sodium lamp or golden halogen lamp, and a telecontrol signal receiver, moddemod circuit, a coding circuit. The city lighting intelligentize management system which composes electron intelligentize ballast and computer uses new technic of power line network communication and utilizes lighting transmit electricity line to realize communication between the center of the lighting control and the electron intelligentize ballast. Accordingly, it can be achieved that multi-function controlling of long distance floodlight,malfunction holding,infrared ray or wireless telecontrolling ,increasing power gene,saving energy sources,prolonging life time of floodlight. The common floodlight of inductive ballast or electron ballast is working under overpower at most time, so it wasting energy, but the electron intelligentize ballast of high power makes floodlight working under the optimum ration of brightness and power by data capturing and computer controlling of specimen. So it can save energy sources.

Description

Intelligent high-power electric ballast and city illumination intelligent management system

One, basic characteristics of the present invention

The invention relates to a kind of new technology of electric ballast---the application technology of intelligent high-power electric ballast, and the application of this technology in the city illumination intelligent management system.This great-power electronic ballast with intellectual technology, we are called " intelligent high-power electric ballast ", and the illuminator of using this " intelligent high-power electric ballast " is called " illumination intelligent management system ".The objective of the invention is in order to save the energy (30-50%), prolong the useful life of illuminating lamp, increase the function of use of illuminating lamp, increase work efficiency and be convenient to equipment maintenance and management.

Under same power, the brightness of fluorescent lamp is 5 times of incandescent lamp, and the brightness of Metal halogen lamp (MHL metal halide lamp) is 8 times of incandescent lamp, and the brightness of high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS high pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp) is up to 10 times of incandescent lamp.Therefore fluorescent lamp, Metal halogen lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp are used very extensive at aspects such as family, commerce, industrial circle and avenue illuminations.Metal halogen lamp and high-pressure sodium lamp all belong to high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp, are energy-conserving light sources of new generation.But these electricity-saving lamps all need to join a ballast (inductance) or electric ballast when in use.

Present fluorescent lamp, Metal halogen lamp, the used ballast of high-pressure sodium lamp, major part all is an inductance type ballast.The characteristics of inductance type ballast are that volume is big, Heavy Weight, and power factor low (only having about 0.5), the output voltage instability, the brightness of illuminating lamp changes greatly, and efficient is low, particularly, and when line voltage is unstable, the as easy as rolling off a log damage of illuminating lamp etc.But because of the inductance type ballast cost is low, the reliability advantages of higher still is widely used at present.

In recent years, along with the continuous development of lighting technology, electric ballast has begun to be used by the people gradually, and as electronic ballast for fluoresent lamp, but the power output of these electronic ballast for fluoresent lamps is generally all very little, basically all between 10 watts to 40 watts.And more relatively large Metal halogen lamp, the electronic ballast of high voltage sodium lamp also few people's use at present of power, and in the Metal halogen lamp of seldom having brought into use for number, electronic ballast of high voltage sodium lamp, power output is also not very big, and major part is all between 60 watts to 150 watts.

The main cause that great-power electronic ballast can not be widely used is that cost is too high, just about 130 yuan of the inductance type ballast costs of a 200W, and the electric ballast cost of a same 200W then needs 300 yuan, and is higher as the super 200W cost of power.In order to reduce cost, the electronic ballast function that uses is all very simple at present, and brightness is generally all non-adjustable, does not really reach the electricity-saving lamp purpose of energy saving.Therefore present great-power electronic ballast is difficult in the lighting circuit to be promoted the use of.At present the electricity-saving lamp of the extensive appellation of people all is the fluorescent lamp of those small-powers of general reference (10-20 watt), and its energy-conservation characteristics also are with respect to for the incandescent lamp of constant power.

Intelligent high-power electric ballast of the present invention, its power output are generally all more than 100 watts, and each illuminating lamp can utilize computer or microcomputer to carry out Based Intelligent Control.By the illuminalive power-supply network, utilize carrier communication, onlinely carry out Performance Detection, status poll, brightness regulation, and timing controlled etc.This intelligent high-power electric ballast is mainly used among the city illumination intelligent management system of high-power Metal halogen lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp.The intelligent high-power electric ballast can also be controlled with infrared or radio remote controller except can controlling by computer or single-chip microcomputer, can operate separately each lamp, also can operate whole system.Therefore, this intelligent high-power electric ballast is very suitable in fields such as city illumination, highway, megastore and public places.

The basic characteristics of intelligent high-power electric ballast are, operating frequency higher (20-60KHz), and output voltage waveforms is similar to square wave, current lead-through angle big (in the half cycle very near 180 degree, more than big 30 degree of sine wave).Therefore, the brightness of intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp is than the brightness mean height 15-30% of inductance type ballast illuminating lamp, and can not allow eyes feel flicker.The advantage of intelligent high-power electric ballast is that volume is little in addition, and power output is stable, and lighting brightness changes little, and the power factor advantages of higher, is specially adapted to the line voltage instability, requires the stable occasion of power output.

The housing-group building of modern city is built higher and higher, and city illumination uses high-power high voltage sodium vapor lamp, Metal halogen lamp to get more and more, owing to be subjected to the restriction of power device parameter, present output power of electronic ballast is difficult to reach more than the 200W; On the other hand, present electric ballast generally all can not be regulated and far distance controlled the brightness of illuminating lamp, and plant maintenance is also inconvenient.

Some highways, to time evening, the highway section car that has is many, and the highway section car that has is few, but the street lamp on the highway or just do not open at present, or just bright entirely, not poor transport like this, be exactly to waste energy very much.If the illumination intelligent management system all is installed on highway, and by certain distance installation some vehicle detection apparatus (ground detection inductance coil or light induction device), be used for sampling and trigger the light controlled function of illumination intelligent management system, do not have car or seldom make light little bright vehicle ' the time, when vehicle ' is arranged, allow light brighten, allow light follow vehicle to change automatically, can save a lot of energy like this.

In the urban lighting system, in the time of just at nightfall, up and-down people is a lot of on the street, urban transportation and business activity are very busy, people require very high to brightness of illumination, to the late into the night, up and-down people is comparatively rare on the street, and business activity stops substantially, in addition the adaptation of descendant's eyes process several hrs at nightfall, it is very high that sensitivity has become, people can decrease to the requirement of brightness of illumination, at this moment, and in order to save the energy, can turn off a part of lighting, perhaps the brightness of part highway section illuminating lamp be turned down; On the other hand, hundreds thousand of in the city, even among millions of lighting apparatus, which has fault to keep in repair, the hand inspection very trouble of getting up must be checked along ground, another street of illuminating line a street, and is very inconvenient; Also have some special occasions, as: stadium, cinema, public place of entertainment etc., often need carry out brightness regulation to lighting, to increase atmosphere; Also have artificially lighting flowers, vegetables factory etc., constantly need illumination intensity be regulated, utilize the electronic computer follow procedure that intelligent electric ballast is controlled automatically, will reach very satisfied anticipation effect.

In addition, for fluorescent lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp and Metal halogen lamp, although their luminescence mechanism has nothing in common with each other (temperature and excite be the luminous fundamental of object), their luminous brightness is not to be directly proportional with input power fully.For general luminous element, its characteristics of luminescence substantially as shown in Figure 1.When input power was very low, brightness and input power were indicial response; When input power was very big, brightness and input power were log characteristic again, and only in very little one section variable power scope, brightness and input power are just comparatively near linear.The brightness curve of Fig. 1 illuminating lamp also is " GAMA " curve, because it is very similar to Greek alphabet " Γ ".

Among Fig. 1, when input power very little, less than P _aThe time, because temperature is lower in the illuminating lamp, its wide part of sending is an infrared ray, eyes are not easy to see; When input power greater than P _aThe time, temperature raises in the illuminating lamp, and the light frequency constantly raises, and eyes also constantly raise to the sensitivity of light, and this moment, light was substantially in the scope of visible light, so the linear substantially variation of its brightness and input power; When input power greater than P _bThe time, temperature continues to rise in the illuminating lamp, and the light frequency also constantly raises, and begins to occur ultraviolet, and human eye reduces on the contrary to the sensitivity of the ultraviolet of upper frequency, and this moment, lamplight brightness no longer was directly proportional with input power; When input power greater than P _dThe time, temperature continues to raise in the illuminating lamp, and anxious surge of ultraviolet ray added, and this moment, naked eyes did not feel that lamplight brightness increasing along with input power and increasing (having occurred saturated), feels dazzling because of ultraviolet surge on the contrary, were easy to injure eyes.In addition, also can reduce the useful life of illuminating lamp.Because when temperature is too high, metal is easy to be evaporated and ionization under effect of electric field, and some can be deposited in the metal that is evaporated on the glass shell of illuminating lamp, the light transmittance of glass is reduced, simultaneously, owing to electrode is in excessive emitting electrons and thermal evaporation is corroded, be easy to lose efficacy.Though for fluorescent lamp is by ultraviolet ray excited and luminous, can occur too reaching capacity the phenomenon that filament is corroded along with input power increases lamplight brightness.

Consider that from the brightness and the aspects such as operating efficiency and useful life of illuminating lamp the input power of illuminating lamp is P _cThe time optimum, but its power output of present electric ballast is nonadjustable, so it can't guarantee that input power one is decided to be P _cBecause no matter be fluorescent lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp or Metal halogen lamp, when just being lighted internal resistance all bigger, if be operated in P at the very start _cPoint, along with the passing of operating time, because of its internal resistance meeting diminishing slowly, i.e. the change that input power will be slowly is big, at last can be away from P _cPut and go.Its voltage, power characteristic working curve are as shown in Figure 2.

Among Fig. 2, t ₁Be that high-pressure sodium lamp begins time of ignition, thousands of volt high pressure are added on the two ends of high-pressure sodium lamp electrode; t ₂High-pressure sodium lamp is lighted constantly, because the temperature in the bulb is also very low, internal resistance is higher, so input power and brightness are all lower, thereafter along with temperature ascending power and brightness are also risen; t ₃High-pressure sodium lamp brightness constantly reaches normal value substantially, but also unstable, input power also will continue up to drift about; t ₄High-pressure sodium lamp brightness has constantly begun to occur saturated, but input power is also increasing, up to t ₅High-pressure sodium lamp brightness constantly reaches maximum, and input power just tends towards stability.

For the illuminating lamp that uses inductance type ballast, the nonlinear situation of input power and brightness is particularly serious because the impedance of inductance type ballast is negative resistance charactertistic, when promptly input voltage hangs down impedance bigger, impedance diminished when input voltage was high.This is because inductance type ballast generally all is to select for use silicon steel sheet as permeability magnetic material, and in order to reduce cost, magnetic flux density also all obtains very high, when the electric current that flows through inductance coil a little more greatly, magnetic core will be near saturated, and permeability can descend rapidly, and promptly inductance value can reduce.Therefore the inductance type ballast illuminating lamp is easy to produce over-power condition when input voltage is higher slightly.

According to data statistics, the city illumination lamp most of the time all is to be operated in the state of line voltage for 230 volts of interchanges at present, at inductance type ballast illuminating lamp under this state after work a period of time, just be initially located in the overpower operating state, promptly be in the d point of Fig. 1 working curve, and the best operating point of illuminating lamp should be the c point, and corresponding operating voltage should be to exchange about 200 volts.Had better not on-line operation when but illuminating lamp has just been started working at the state that exchanges 200 volts, otherwise some illuminating lamp is not easy to light probably, or is difficult to reach best operating point c forever.This is because of most of illuminating lamp, the working curve that all has a kind of similar ferromagnetic material magnetic hysteresis loop shape, as shown in Figure 3.

The input power of curve 1 expression illuminating lamp is to be raise by low among Fig. 3, and curve 2 expression illuminating lamp input powers are to be reduced by height, and are very similar to the magnetic hysteresis loop shape of ferromagnetic material.This " magnetic hysteresis " effect can be explained like this, when input power increases, need provide a part of power to increase heat to illuminating lamp, and when input power reduced, illuminating lamp is not to increase heat, but will discharges a part of heat; Another explanation is, when input power increased, the plasma concentration that is ionized in the illuminating lamp can increase, and when input power reduced, the plasma concentration in the illuminating lamp can not reduce at once, but will keep a period of time.

This situation is easy to checking, winter we when opening switch for fluorescent lamp, generally all need just can light long warm-up time, and after once lighting, turn off the light once more and turn on light, fluorescent lamp will soon be lighted.Or do experiment with a voltage regulator, earlier lamp is lighted, again input voltage to be turned down, the light deepening not clearly but is not added after this moment voltage being disconnected, and general fluorescent lamp just is difficult to light again.So illuminating lamp is when just starting working, input power (or operating voltage) is slightly higher to be necessary, and after work a period of time, just should return to its optimum Working.But need point out that power and voltage are two entirely different things, please refer to Fig. 2.

Also having, also is different for the same lamp its brightness-power curve under the different situation of serviceability temperature environment, and under same brightness, its input power was bigger than the summer when used winter.And general illuminating lamp is at the initial stage of bringing into use, and its luminous efficiency is generally all very high, and through after use a period of time, its luminous efficiency will descend, and should suitably improve input power and improve brightness this moment, to advance the useful life that prolongs illuminating lamp with the step.

At present inductance type ballast and electric ballast in the deficiency that exists aspect the city illumination, intelligent high-power electric ballast of the present invention, not only power output is big for it, can also realize Based Intelligent Control, is specially adapted to the application in city illumination of high-power high voltage sodium vapor lamp and Metal halogen lamp.The intelligent high-power electric ballast, various parameters such as duty ratio by automatic adjustment operating frequency and switching tube work and output voltage, allow illuminating lamp be operated in optimum state, not only can energy-conservation (about 30%), can also prolong the useful life (about 30%) of illuminating lamp.In city illumination, by using intelligent electric ballast and illumination intelligent management system, illumination branch location, branch time, branch purposes are carried out brilliance control, can save the energy more than 50%.

This intelligent high-power electric ballast of employing new technology and making all is equipped with a data treatment circuit on each illuminating lamp, and remote signal reception, modulation-demodulation circuit, decoding, coding circuit.And used long apart from power line network communication new technology, utilize transmission line, realize communicating by letter between illumination control centre (computer data processing system) and the intelligent electric ballast, thereby, can realize the control of remote fault inquiry and multiple function.The use of this new technology will bring revolutionary progress to the illumination intelligent management in China city.

Two, city illumination intelligent management system basic principle

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are the operation principle schematic diagrames of city illumination intelligent management system of the present invention, and Fig. 6 is the calcspar of each chief component of city illumination intelligent management system.Among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, left-hand component is that computer data is handled illumination control centre, and remote signal (we are being " remote signal " through the modulated control signal definition, so that distinguish mutually with the control signal of back here) transfers net system; Right-hand component is mainly intelligent electric ballast.Two parts of this corresponding with Fig. 6 are just in time separated with in the middle of " AC-IN " symbol, and a side of " AC " is that computer data is handled illumination control centre, and the remote signal transfers net system, and a side of " IN " is intelligent electric ballast and illuminating lamp.The difference of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is that Fig. 4 utilizes two power transmission lines of electrical network to transmit remote signal, and Fig. 5 utilizes wherein one and the earth of two transmission lines of electrical network to transmit remote signal, and both respectively have pluses and minuses.

Need all be stored in the program that illuminating lamp is controlled among the electronic computer of illumination control centre, the control signal of computer output is modulated by modulator-demodulator, again by the electric power transmission network circuit, sometimes need pass through relay amplifier (line amplifier) and amplify, be sent to each intelligent electric ballast at last.Corresponding with computer data processing remote signal transmitting terminal, very complete signal reception and data processing and the control circuit of a cover all arranged in each intelligent electric ballast.

The high-frequency modulation signal that control centre sends out (remote signal), at first will be through the high pressure buffer circuit of transmission and receiving terminal, the high pressure buffer circuit also is simultaneously the output input filter circuit, amplify and the demodulator circuit rectification through receiving circuit then, the binary coded signal of exporting behind the rectification is sent to decoding circuit and deciphers through EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) buffer circuit again.Decoding circuit at first carries out address decoding (Address decoding) to binary coded signal, if address code is not to going up, decoder does not just have signal output; If address code is to going up, decoder is with regard to binary data output signal (Data-code), after data processing circuit is handled, the many groups of output control signal is given control circuit, last control circuit is according to the content of input signal, change a plurality of parameters of electric ballast, thereby realize each illuminating lamp is carried out multiple function control.

In illumination control centre the controlled sample of one or more different illuminating lamps (different capacity, different model, the different use date etc.) is installed, is used for the data of illuminating lamp operating state are taken a sample.When needing sampling, constantly detect the operating state of the controlled sample of these different illuminating lamps with instrument, and, carry out data processing automatically by computer the data input computer that detection obtains.When computer need be controlled the parameter of certain lamp, can send remote signal from the trend controlling object.For example, after illuminating lamp work a period of time, output power of electronic ballast can increase, and power is by P _cIncrease to P _d(Fig. 1), but brightness do not increase a lot, for energy-conservation, wishes that output power of electronic ballast returns to P _cBest operating point.Achieve this end, the autocontrol method that employing is introduced above is easy to just can realize.

Also have a controller and radio or Infrared remote controller distant control function among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, utilize this function, can not need through computer, use controller or remote controller just can control, perhaps separately certain intelligent high-power electric ballast is controlled the intelligent high-power electric ballast in the whole system.This function is specially adapted to some smaller application scenarios, as field, shop, gymnasium, cinema etc., just can realize multiple operation by a remote controller.Use infrared remote control, circuit is fairly simple, but operating distance is shorter, and directivity is also very strong; And use wireless remotecontrol, and the circuit more complicated, operating distance is far away, and does not have directivity substantially.Both respectively have pluses and minuses, applicable different occasions.

The function of remote controller can be done very simply, only control is opened or closed to illuminating lamp, also can do complicatedly, and except query function, other controlled function can realize by remote controller all.The function of controller is generally all complicated than remote controller, except query function, calculates the function that function realizes, controller also can be realized.Because controller is directly to be connected with signal sending circuit by cable, circuit is fairly simple and work is more reliable.So, can not need computer in a lot of occasions (do not need inquire about occasion), just can carry out Based Intelligent Control with controller to illumination.

The city illumination intelligent management system that Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 form, the two ends of illuminating line power supply input or output all are connected with high-frenquency current blocking device.The function of high-frenquency current blocking device mainly is illuminating line and other circuit to be isolated its purpose: one is to prevent that circuit equipment in addition from producing shunting, short circuit and interference to remote signal, influences the operate as normal of control circuit; Another is that the remote signal that prevents this illuminator produces interference to the equipment beyond the circuit, influences circuit equipment operate as normal in addition.Because high-frenquency current blocking device has very big isolation and filter action to EMI (Electromagnetic Interference), therefore, the equipment that uses in illuminating line is under the situation of the work that do not interact, and the EMI part index number can reduce.

Three, great-power electronic ballast

Popular in the market electric ballast generally all is an electronic ballast for fluoresent lamp, and power is all smaller, and all between 20 to 40 watts, if realize intelligent management on general electronic ballast for fluoresent lamp, meaning is also little for major part.It is family and office that the one side fluorescent lighting is mainly used, and their places to use disperse, and performance is not also concentrated, and is difficult to respectively each lamp be controlled, if they are independently controlled, cost is very high; On the other hand, lower-powered electric ballast is carried out Based Intelligent Control, though also can save some energy, insignificant only not the energy that high-power high voltage sodium vapor lamp that uses in city illumination and Metal halogen lamp are saved, and the city illumination circuit is concentrated relatively, convenient management.Therefore the work done here all is at high-power high voltage sodium vapor lamp and the used great-power electronic ballast of Metal halogen lamp mainly.

1, the PFC power factor correction circuit in the great-power electronic ballast

In Fig. 6 calcspar, the darker part of color is the calcspar of great-power electronic ballast chief component.Great-power electronic ballast has generally all required PFC (Power Factor corrector) power factor correction circuit, and PFC power factor correction circuit generally all uses one or two large power supply switching tube to form, and constitutes a boost type paralleling switch power supply by it.

Fig. 7 is the PFC power factor correction circuit diagram of EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) filtering of a band and rectification.LF1 and LF2 are the EMI filter circuits among Fig. 7, and its effect is that circuit of electronic ballast and grid power transmission circuit are isolated, and prevent that pulse voltage or electric current that electric ballast produces from disturbing other electrical equipment by the grid power transmission circuit.LF1 is that difference mode signal suppresses inductance, and the interference signal between the power line is had very strong inhibitory action.LF2 is that common-mode signal suppresses inductance, and the interference signal between power line and the earth is had very strong inhibitory action.But when the operating current that flows through the LF1 inductance coil is very big, be easy to produce saturated, so when inductance coil is designed, generally all only consider common-mode signal is suppressed, and difference mode signal suppresses the optional capacitive filter of using, as the capacitor C1 among Fig. 7 is exactly a difference mode signal filter capacitor, and C1 also is the rectification output filter capacitor simultaneously.

In fact the PFC power factor correction circuit of Fig. 7 is exactly a parallel switching power circuit.Q1 is a power supply switch tube, and L2 is a boost inductance, and PWM is a pulse width control circuit, the phase place of its output pulse and width are subjected to 3 sample circuits (a, b, c) control, sample circuit a is the sampling of output current zero passage, and b is the sampling of power supply switch tube operating current, and c is the output voltage sampling.The power factor correction circuit of Fig. 7 can be brought up to maximum to power factor and be about 0.98.

When input voltage was AC-220V, the pfc circuit output voltage generally all was DC-400V.This is because under the situation of this output voltage, and the average duty ratio of Q1 just in time is two minutes about one, its voltage stabilizing control range maximum, and circuit can both operate as normal between AC-150-270V to make input voltage; On the other hand, it is general withstand voltage all between 500-600V to be used for two field effect transistor switch pipes (half-bridge) of electric ballast output stage, and considering to get operating voltage from safety and efficient aspect is 400V, also is optimal selection.The effect of current over-zero sample circuit is to make the operating state of Switching Power Supply reach best, also do not have the zero passage switch pipe with regard to conducting as electric current, be equivalent to energy stored in the inductance L 2 some by slatterning in vain, just conducting of switching tube for a long time behind the current over-zero, the utilance that is equivalent to energy storage inductor L2 is too low, and output voltage ripple can increase.

Fig. 8 is input voltage, an input current and flow through the electric current and the output voltage waveforms of boost inductance in the PFC power factor correction circuit.Among the figure, V _INBe input voltage waveform, I _INBe input current waveform, I _LFor flowing through the current waveform of boost inductance, V _OUTBe output voltage waveforms.Input current I _INWith the electric current I that flows through boost inductance _LThe reason that waveform is inequality is the smothing filtering effect of energy storage filter capacitor C1.In order to improve the power factor of circuit, rectification output filter capacitor C1 can not select too greatly, otherwise the angle of flow of rectifier can reduce the power factor of reduction circuit.So the paralleling switch power input voltage is exactly a sinuous pulsation direct voltage that ripple coefficient is very big basically, in order to guarantee output voltage stabilization, switching tube Q1 work duty ratio wants constantly to follow the variation of input voltage with this understanding.Promptly when input voltage was very low, the switching tube Q1 conducting operating time was than long by the operating time, and when input voltage was higher, the switching tube Q1 conducting operating time was than short by the operating time.

Fig. 9 is the voltage and current waveform of PFC power factor correction circuit major part, V among the figure _INBe rectifier output voltage, just the input voltage of Switching Power Supply; V _OUTBe switch power source output voltage, V _LBe the boost inductance both end voltage; V _DSBe the voltage between power supply switch tube drain electrode and the source electrode; I _LIt is the electric current that flows through boost inductance; I _DBe to flow through the booster diode electric current; IS is the electric current that flows through switching tube; T _ONBe the switching tube conducting operating time; T _OFFFor switching tube ends the operating time.

The PFC power factor correction circuit of Fig. 7, general peak power output has only that (switching tube maximum loss power is 220W about 400W, ambient temperature is 100 ℃), when requiring power output bigger, can adopt two high-power switch tubes to carry out parallel connection uses, but must consider the equilibrium problem of two high-power switch tube operating currents, perhaps adopt push-pull type switching power circuit as shown in figure 10.

Switching tube Q1 and Q2 are controlled by control circuit among Figure 10, conducting in turn, and electromotive force that boost inductance coil L2, L3 produce and input voltage stack are then through rectifier diode D5, D6 rectification output.The operation principle of Q1 or Q2 and single tube PFC power circuit for rectifying are basic identical, but its power output equals both sums.Its great advantage, not only power output is big, and the output voltage ripple is very little, because Q1 and Q2 take turns powering load, therefore, the capacity of energy storage filter capacitor can be obtained very little.In addition, though Q1 and Q2 are in turn conductings, their operating time can partly overlap each other, i.e. Q1 and Q2 conducting does not simultaneously need to reserve Dead Time (two pipes during this period all can not conducting).Because L2 and L3 are in turn or simultaneously to electric, the situation of cutout can not appear exporting, also do not worry not zero passage of electric current, the work duty ratio of Q1 and Q2 is littler than obtaining of Fig. 7 single tube comparatively speaking, and therefore this control circuit does not need to carry out current over-zero detection sampling control.

The circuit of Figure 10 can also further improve, be exactly together in the heart around a transformer fe boost inductance coil L2, L3, owing to flow through magnetic direction that two coil currents produce just in time opposite (two-way polarization), flux change amount during than unidirectional polarization big several times is so the volume of transformer can be done very for a short time.But shortcoming is arranged also, two any moment of switching tube of two-way polarization transformer circuit are conducting simultaneously all, therefore the work duty ratio of Q1 and Q2 must be less than 1/2, and L2, L3 also must increase the tap of boosting for this reason, could compensate because of Q1 and Q2 duty ratio diminish to cause the decline of output voltage.

2, inductance output type electric ballast

Figure 11 is the power output part fundamental diagram of inductance output type electric ballast, and this circuit has begun to be applied among the more powerful fluorescent lighting circuit, also can be used among the high-pressure sodium lamp or Metal halogen lamp illumination of middle low power.C4 is the power filtering capacitor of drive circuit, and C3 is a bootstrap capacitor; C5, C6, C7 are high pressure resonant tank electric capacity, but that play a major role here is C7.Switching tube Q3, Q4 generally all the drain electrode and source electrode between in connect a reverse damper diode (the same tube core of switching tube and diode), C5 can in this case, because a damper diode conducting is all arranged at any time, make L3, C6, C7 can form the loop and produce series resonance; D6 is an isolating diode, and R4 and C8 are that frequency of oscillation is adjusted element.Q3 and Q4 take turns conducting, and C6 is discharged and recharged back and forth by load and inductance, are equivalent to a load output sawtooth voltage (with reference to Figure 14).

When fluorescent lamp is not also lighted, L3 and C5, C6, C7 just in time produce resonance with output voltage, general resonance is all on triple-frequency harmonics or quintuple harmonics, through after several square-wave cycle, the voltage amplitude at C7 two ends can be raised to tens times of output voltage, and quality factor of circuit Q value higher harmonics voltage more is just high more.Circuit produces the process of high pressure, please referring to Figure 12.

Voltage when the C7 two ends rises to more than the 1000V, when reaching the puncture voltage of fluorescent lamp, fluorescent lamp is lighted breakdown, the C7 two ends are equivalent to by a resistance bypass, condition of resonance is destroyed, this moment, L3 became a choke induction by a resonant inductance, made the operating voltage of fluorescent lamp drop to 60-130V (operating voltage is relevant with fluorescent lamp structure, length and performance).C7 connects with filament in addition, can also allow fluorescent lamp before lighting, and earlier to the filament heating, makes that fluorescent lamp is easier to be lighted.

When Figure 11 inductance output type electric ballast is used for high-pressure sodium lamp and Metal halogen lamp circuit, because high-pressure sodium lamp and Metal halogen lamp do not have heat filament, so boost capacitor C7 is directly in parallel with the lamp two ends, relative ignition voltage than the high 1-3 of fluorescent lamp doubly generally will be up to more than 3000 volts.Therefore, the igniting booster circuit more complicated of high-pressure sodium lamp and Metal halogen lamp, or circuit parameter requires than higher.

Process when Figure 12 is the THIRD-HARMONIC GENERATION vibration a) for output square wave (being the voltage at Q4 source electrode and drain electrode two ends), b) is triple-frequency harmonics.When voltage square wave acts on the LC series loop, the front and back of square wave are along all producing excitation to the LC series loop, each excitation can produce damped oscillation later again, and (when the climbing dv/dt of input voltage waveform value during greater than the climbing of resonant tank waveform, circuit will produce excitation; When the climbing dv/dt of input voltage waveform value during less than the climbing of resonant tank waveform, circuit will produce damping).Because each excitation oscillation energy has not later also discharged, and then come once new excitation again, oscillating voltage is superposeed again and again, if the phase place of excitation keeps synchronously with the potential energy mutually of waveform, then the amplitude of oscillating voltage can be more and more higher, up to the energy of excitation with till the energy of circuit loss equates.If the quality factor q value of resonant tank is very high, resonance potential can be elevated to several kilovolts.

Because Q3 and Q4 begin conducting and end to need certain transit time, for prevent Q3, Q4 conducting, by the handing-over during two switching tubes all be in conducting state, produce loss, lower efficiency, all have a mind to allow Q3 and Q4 stagger some times in handing-over in the design driven circuit, this time of staggering, we were referred to as the dead band.In the great-power electronic ballast circuit, Dead Time is adjustable, and general middle low power electric ballast Dead Time need not be adjusted, and TC is a Dead Time among Figure 13.

Each point voltage of inductance output type electric ballast output circuit shown in Figure 11, current waveform are as shown in figure 14.(or high-pressure sodium lamp, Metal halogen lamp) has the negative resistance charactertistic of general discharge tube because fluorescent lamp, voltage in the real work, current waveform can have greater difference with the voltage shown in Figure 14, current waveform, and Figure 14 treats fluorescent lamp (or high-pressure sodium lamp, Metal halogen lamp) and the waveform that draws as a resistance.

Inductance output type electric ballast shown in Figure 11 is difficult to generally accomplish more than the power output 400W that therefore this electric ballast is not suitable for the occasion of high-power high voltage sodium vapor lamp and Metal halogen lamp.Because the high-pressure sodium lamp normal working voltage approximately has only 120V (effective value), and the output of the maximum voltage of electric ballast shown in Figure 11 is about 400V _P-PBeing equivalent to effective value is 200V, principle (it is regarded as a unlimited sinusoidal wave sum) according to sine wave is calculated, there is the voltage of 160V (effective value) will fall on L3 and C6 (referring to Figure 14) approximately, this makes power output be very restricted, and promptly has power over half to fall on L3.Though desirable inductance and electric capacity are (or being apparent power) of loss power not, can reduce the dynamic range of output voltage and increase the power loss of switching tube, thereby reduce the operating efficiency of electric ballast.Require the power output of electric ballast to reach more than the 660W if load will obtain the power of 400W, this does not also consider the loss of inductance L 3.

The operational environment of electric ballast is very abominable, and ambient temperature adds average temperature rising in the machine up to more than 50 ℃, and the working temperature of subelement (particularly power supply switch tube) in the machine is reached more than 100 ℃.Power supply switch tube reaches in working temperature under 100 ℃ the situation, and its loss power will drop to below 30% of maximum loss power (25 ℃ time).As a maximum loss power (25 ℃ time) is the switching tube (band fin) of 220W, is that its loss power will drop to below the 66W under 100 ℃ the situation in working temperature.

The interelectrode capacitance of general high-power field effect power supply switch tube is all very big, so operating frequency all can not be selected very highly, the high certain value that arrives of operating frequency when switching tube, and load is when heavier, because the capacitor charge and discharge time becomes very long with respect to the work period, the mean value of its voltage waveform (trapezoidal wave) and current waveform (sinusoidal sawtooth waveforms), will be very near the mean value of a sine wave.Its maximum efficiency will be approaching with sine wave this moment, be 0.785, and the peak power output that for this reason can try to achieve electric ballast is 482W, and trying to achieve maximum load power thus is 289W.Here it is, and electric ballast shown in Figure 11 generally is difficult to accomplishes the reason that power output 400W is above.

Figure 15 is the low and load of electric ballast operating frequency when light, the major parameter waveform of switching tube; Figure 16 is the higher or load of electric ballast operating frequency when heavier, the major parameter waveform of switching tube.Among Figure 16, because load is heavier, so the operating current of switching tube can be very big, so the ON time (T of switching tube _On) and shut-in time (T _Off) all long, also have when operating frequency is very high ON time (the T of switching tube _On) and shut-in time (T _Off) with the switching tube ratio of normal working hours, will seem very long.ON time (T when switching tube _On) and shut-in time (T _Off) sum is during very near half work period, is exactly the limit of switching tube maximum operating frequency, switching tube loss this moment maximum, efficient is also minimum.

3, transformer output type great-power electronic ballast

A, semibridge system transformer output great-power electronic ballast

For power output and the efficient that improves electric ballast, can export as load with transformer, by the impedance conversion effect of transformer, make the output of switching tube and load reach power and mate fully.Figure 17 is with the great-power electronic ballast circuit theory diagrams of transformer as load output.Figure 17 compares with Figure 11, and under similarity condition, the circuit of Figure 17 can provide the power output of about 480W to load, and the power output of about 290W can only be provided to load as the circuit of Figure 11.The loss of transformer is also taken into account, and the circuit of Figure 17 approximately can provide the power that is slightly larger than 400W output to load.

Figure 18 is the work wave of transformer output great-power electronic ballast output circuit, because the power output of electric ballast directly is added to the load two ends by transformer, therefore almost do not decayed, its output waveform is slightly different with the work wave that inductance shown in Figure 14 is exported electric ballast, the voltage that transformer output great-power electronic ballast outputs to load is square wave, and the voltage that is added to the load two ends among Figure 14 is sawtooth waveforms.Therefore transformer is exported great-power electronic ballast, and the angle of flow of its load current is than the angle of flow big (Figure 14 and Figure 18 do not draw) of inductance output type electric ballast load current.

B, bridge transformer output great-power electronic ballast

Semibridge system transformer output great-power electronic ballast circuit shown in Figure 17 approximately can provide the power that is slightly larger than 400W output to load, as requires power output bigger, such as 600W, then can only adopt the high-power output circuit of bridge-type as shown in figure 19.

Four switching tube Q3, Q6 and Q4, Q5 are divided into two groups among Figure 19, and they take turns conducting under the effect of drive signal, and making the elementary voltage peak-to-peak value of output transformer is the twice of operating voltage, and power output also just in time is the twice of semibridge system output.Under all identical with Figure 17 situation of the condition of work of four switching tubes, full-bridge type transformer output great-power electronic ballast circuit shown in Figure 19 approximately can provide the power that is slightly larger than 800W output to load.

The circuit that power output is bigger such as Figure 20 and shown in Figure 21, they can reach the above power output of 1500W.The operation principle of Figure 20 and Figure 21 is basic identical, all is to export to load after two groups of high-power outputs as Figure 19 are superposeed again.The stack of two power outputs is to realize by the parallel connection of secondary windings of transformer among Figure 20, and the stack of two power outputs then is to connect by the secondary coil of transformer to realize among Figure 21.Among Figure 20 and Figure 21, between 8 switching tubes, conducting and the phase place of ending require very strict, also strict being consistent of phase place that also has the transformer secondary output coil output voltage, power output could superpose fully like this, otherwise not only can produce power loss, also can produce phenomenons such as load instantaneous short circuit and switching tube overload damage when serious.

C, transformer output great-power electronic ballast high-pressure generating circuit

High-pressure sodium lamp and Metal halogen lamp are when beginning to light, and its two ends need add that the ignition voltage (pulse voltage) of thousands of volts just can light, in case after lighting high pressure is removed, only need add that then the operating voltage about 120V just can operate as normal.

For general inductance type ballast, its circuit for producing high voltage as shown in figure 22.When circuit begins to be switched on, electric current is by ballast, resistance R 1, rectifier diode D1, C1 is charged, when C1 voltage is filled (terminal voltage approximates 250V) substantially, when reaching the puncture voltage of diac DB1, the DB1 conducting that is triggered, C1 is by elementary n1 of high-tension transformer and DB1 discharge, the high pressure that the secondary n2 of high-tension transformer produces lights the HID lamp by the two ends that C2 is added to the HID pipe.

But the circuit for producing high voltage of Figure 22 is difficult to be transplanted in the circuit of electronic ballast of transformer efficiency output type, because the transformer output voltage generally just has 120V, requires to boost to more than the 3000V, and the step-up ratio of high-tension transformer is very big, and the secondary coil number of turn is more.Because the operating frequency of electric ballast is very high, secondary coil can produce very big voltage drop, in addition, capacitor C 1, C2 also can produce the dividing potential drop effect to circuit, therefore this booster circuit of Figure 22 can reduce the operating efficiency of electric ballast, should not use in the electric ballast of transformer efficiency output type.

Circuit of electronic ballast for transformer efficiency output, the secondary of transformer is equivalent to a step-up transformer to elementary, as the ignition voltage of thousands of volts directly being added to the two ends of transformer secondary output, the elementary high pressure that will produce more than 10,000 volts at transformer, so high voltage will produce fatefulue destruction to the components and parts (switching tube, transformer etc.) of primary return.Therefore, for the transformer efficiency output circuit, general all can under not adding the situation of isolation, transformer secondary output add the igniting high pressure simply.

It is exactly the resonant mode high-pressure generating circuit that simple high pressure produces circuit, and when the climbing dv/dt of input voltage waveform value during greater than the climbing of resonant tank waveform, circuit will produce resonance.E among Figure 23 _SThe output of expression electric ballast power, L0 is the leakage inductance of transformer secondary output, and it and resonant capacitance C7 form the LC oscillation circuit, and resonance frequency just in time is E _SThe triple-frequency harmonics of operating frequency or quintuple harmonics.When LC loop resonance during in triple-frequency harmonics, the loop just is energized once (front and rear edge of square wave all can encourage circuit) every a half period, and the energy of resonant tank will constantly increase; LC loop resonance is when quintuple harmonics, and resonant tank just was energized once every two half periods, so the energy of triple-frequency harmonics is more much bigger than the energy of quintuple harmonics.When the quality factor q value of L0 and C7 is enough high, just can produce high pressure at the two ends of L0 and C7 up to thousands of volts.This high pressure is added on the two ends of high-pressure sodium lamp or Metal halogen lamp, it is punctured in a flash light.The production process of resonant tank high pressure is please referring to Figure 12.

After high-pressure sodium lamp was lighted, the condition of resonance of circuit was destroyed, and L0 becomes a choke induction by a resonant inductance, utilizes the effect of its chokes, can the steady load electric current, and prevent the load current kick and cause light flash and high-pressure sodium lamp acoustic resonance.High-pressure sodium lamp and Metal halogen lamp, their working mechanism all is luminous by the strong discharge of gas, because the process of gas discharge is very complicated and unstable, it be subjected to gas factor such as density (pressure), temperature, voltage variation and change, its operating voltage is very similar to the characteristic curve of voltage stabilizing didoe with current curve, and little by little changing of voltage will cause the variation that electric current is very big, thereby cause the variation of power, so it is also very important to stablize power output.

The size of output high pressure and the quality factor q value of resonant tank are in direct ratio, therefore will improve the Q value of resonant tank by every means.

Quality factor: $Q=\frac{1}{R}\sqrt{\frac{L}{C}}---\left(1\right)$

R is the equivalent resistance (being mainly in transformer secondary output coil and the capacitor body and lead resistance) in the resonant tank in the formula, and L is resonant tank inductance (being exactly transformer leakage inductance L0 basically), and C is resonant tank electric capacity (in fact being exactly the C7 in the circuit).

From (1) formula as can be seen, improve the Q value, except the transformer secondary output coil requires to select for use the multi cord coiling, reducing outside the loop resistance, best bet is to increase inductance L and reduce capacitor C, but for the transformer of ordinary construction, increases leakage inductance L ₀It is not a thing easily.For example: when resonance frequency is 100KHz, when capacitor C is 4700P, L ₀Be 538uH.The elementary leakage inductance of regular tap power transformer is generally all about 20uH, and secondary leakage inductance is just littler.So common switching mode power supply transformer can not be used for great-power electronic ballast high-pressure generating circuit shown in Figure 23.Figure 24 is the novel transformer structure chart that uses for great-power electronic ballast high-pressure generating circuit (shown in Figure 23) specially.

Figure 24 is the plane graph of novel transformer structure a), ideal situation, and air gap can be stayed in novel transformer magnetic core loop, because all do not have the direct current composition to pass through in the primary and secondary coil of transformer; Figure 24 b) is the mounting structure figure of the primary and secondary coil of novel transformer; Figure 24 c) is the primary and secondary flux loop figure of novel transformer; Figure 24 d) is the electrical schematic diagram of novel transformer, general transformer all is only to come the indication transformer iron core with a dotted line, here come the meaning of indication transformer iron core to be with two or three dotted lines: the existing common return of the magnetic line of force that the primary and secondary coil of transformer produces also has independent loop (leakage inductance) separately.The coil of in fact any transformer all has leakage inductance, if not particularly pointing out, represents that with two or three dotted lines the iron core of general transformer does not have mistake yet.

Novel transformer is compared with common transformer, many windows, and common transformer has two windows, and novel transformer has three.The purpose of a wicket that novel transformer is many is the many separately minor loops of the line of magnetic induction that allow the primary and secondary coil of transformer produce, and promptly produces leakage inductance.The magnetic resistance (sectional area or air gap) that changes minor loop just can change the size of transformer coil leakage inductance.This novel transformer is except secondary coil has leakage inductance, and primary coil also has leakage inductance, and the leakage inductance of primary coil is also bigger than the leakage inductance of secondary coil, because transformer used herein, the number of turn of primary coil is more than the number of turn of secondary coil.

The size of novel transformer coil leakage inductance and the winding method of the primary and secondary coil of novel transformer have much relations, when the primary coil of novel transformer all on the X1 core, secondary coil is all on the X2 core time, the leakage inductance maximum; When the primary and secondary coil of novel transformer is divided into many groups, alternate on X1 and X2 core the time (elementary, secondary around one group then) primary and secondary coil respectively around one group by group, the leakage inductance minimum.Therefore, can adjust the size of the primary and secondary coil leakage inductance of novel transformer by the pro rate of primary and secondary coil on X1 and X2 core that changes novel transformer.In addition, can also adjust c as Figure 24) shown in the sectional area or the air gap of novel transformer ragged edge magnetic loop unshakable in one's determination, change the leakage inductance of the primary and secondary coil of novel transformer.

For the regular tap power transformer, it is a bad thing that primary coil has leakage inductance, and it can produce back electromotive force switching tube is punctured.And for great-power electronic ballast of the present invention, it is the part good thing on the contrary that the primary coil of transformer has leakage inductance, and we can utilize the elementary leakage inductance of transformer to allow switching tube realize zero current turning-on, and the operating efficiency of power supply is further improved.

Figure 25 is the operation principle of Zero Current Switch, and L1 and L2 are respectively the leakage inductances of the primary and secondary coil of transformer among Figure 25, and T1 is an ideal transformer.The place different with general Switching Power Supply here leakage inductance L1 and L2 just is big especially, connects a damper diode (D8, D9, D10, D11) in also having between the drain electrode of each switching tube (Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6) and the source electrode all.When Q3 and Q6 conducting simultaneously, supply voltage is added to the elementary of L1 and T1 by Q3, Q6, and the electric current that flows through L1 is: i=et/L1, e are the voltage at L1 two ends.When switching tube conducting just in a flash, t=0, thus i=0, i.e. zero current turning-on, electric current is just along with time rising slowly then, the climbing of electric current and L1 size are inversely proportional to.This point is to reducing the loss of switching tube, the reliability that improves circuit is extremely important, in the time of switching tube conducting just, because the charge carrier (electronics and hole) that is injected in the pipe need carry out diffusion motion, make it to reach certain density and guarantee the complete conducting of switching tube, this process need regular hour, in this process, if current-rising-rate di/dt is too high, the immediate current that flows through switching tube is excessive, and charge carrier does not also reach even distribution in the pipe, certainly will too generate heat because of current density is too high in some zone, thereby reduced the security performance of switching tube, switching tube is damaged.The existence of L1 makes switching tube realize zero current turning-on, damages because of current increases is too drastic when preventing that switching tube from opening, and improves the reliability of machine.

When Q3, Q6 turn-offed simultaneously, the electric current that flow through originally among the L1 was converted into back electromotive force, and this back electromotive force is fed loopback by damper diode D9 and D10 and gives power supply, and transformer T1 also is assigned with and obtains part energy and export to load simultaneously.

After Q3 and Q6 turn-offed fully, Q4, Q5 began conducting again, and whole process and Q3, Q6 conducting simultaneously are the same with the process of closing simultaneously, and the sense of current that only flows through L1 and transformer is just in time opposite.Because the magnetic core of transformer is two-way magnetic polarization, therefore in the magnetic loop of magnetic core of transformer, do not need to stay air gap, the volume of the common inverse-excitation type switch power-supply transformer of the volume ratio of this transformer is little a lot.

Transformer leakage inductance resonant mode high-pressure generating circuit, design rationally, operating efficiency is very high, high pressure can reach more than the 5000V, can satisfy the igniting requirement of high-pressure sodium lamp and Metal halogen lamp fully, but require resonance frequency very accurate, resonance frequency must be 3 times or 5 times of electric ballast operating frequency.In order to achieve this end, the best way is when electric ballast is started working, and operating frequency changes near the resonance centre frequency (frequency sweep) from low to high to and fro.

Loop current was very big when high-pressure generating circuit produced resonance, and resonant capacitance must be selected high ripple electric capacity (can bear the electric capacity that instantaneous large-current discharges and recharges) for use.Resonant tank current is not only relevant with high pressure, and is also relevant with frequency and capacitance size.As: resonance frequency is 100KHz, and high pressure is 5000V (peak value), and electric capacity is 5000P, and then: the ceiling capacity of capacitance stores is

Q _m＝U×C＝5000V×5000P (2)

The time of corresponding electric capacity charge or discharge is four/one-period, i.e. t=2.5 microsecond, and the average charging and discharging currents of trying to achieve electric capacity thus is

I＝Q _m/t＝5000V×5000P/2.5uS＝10A (3)

If electric capacity or frequency are twice, the resonance current in loop also will be twice.During circuit resonance that hence one can see that, instantaneous power is very large, so circuit can not work long hours in resonance condition, otherwise circuit can damage device in overvoltage, overcurrent and superheat state because of long-term work.

Four, intelligent high-power electric ballast

The main feature of intelligent electric ballast; be to adjust (self or the computer system by control centre) automatically to power output and some important parameters (power factor, operating frequency, output voltage etc.); when producing fault, this external electric ballast can also protect automatically fault; simultaneously can also carry out transfer of data, the attribute of oneself and fault message be sent to the computer management system of control centre by electric power transmission network.

The front had been introduced the operation principle of great-power electronic ballast in detail, prepare to introduce in detail another pith in the intelligent electric ballast below, the operation principle of remote signal transmission circuit and control circuit, and the operation principle of intelligent electric ballast.

1, the pfc circuit in the intelligent high-power electric ballast

Figure 26 is the fundamental diagram of intelligent high-power electric ballast PFC power factor correction circuit, and it is a boosted switch power supply that the input voltage ripple is very big, and output voltage is adjustable between 300V to 400V.Drive circuit is a PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) pulse width modulation circuit, the pwm pulse of its output is sent to the grid of power supply switch tube Q1 as driving voltage, Q1 is carried out conducting and ends control, thereby realize control, and the phase place of PWM output pulse and width are subjected to 4 sample circuits (a, b, c, d) and remote control circuit control to output voltage.Sample circuit a is the sampling of output current zero passage, and b is the sampling of power supply switch tube operating current, and c is the output voltage sampling, and d is the output current sampling.Current sampling circuit d mainly is made up of a sampling transformer (current transformer), and its effect is that the charging and discharging currents that flows through the energy storage filter capacitor (ripple current) is taken a sample.When load is very heavy, the charging and discharging currents that flows through the energy storage filter capacitor will be very big, and control circuit will carry out overcurrent protection by circuit when charging and discharging currents is excessive.

" remote control circuit " among Figure 26 is meant what the front was introduced, remote signal receiving circuit as shown in Figure 6, demodulator circuit, buffer circuit, decoding circuit, data processing circuit etc., and being referred to as remote control circuit here is to be convenient to describe, and also understands easily.The back is not as specifying, remote control circuit is exactly the circuit of top indication.Control circuit also will be subjected to the control of a plurality of control signals except the remote signal control that send at controlled center.

Advance to regulate by the output voltage of control circuit to PFC power factor correction Switching Power Supply, just can realize the brightness of illuminating lamp is controlled, when output voltage transfers to 300V by 400V, power output has been equivalent to descend one times (considering the non-linear of illuminating lamp simultaneously), and power factor can drop to below 0.9 when not excessive output voltage hanged down to 300V.

2, the power output circuit in the intelligent high-power electric ballast

Brightness to illuminating lamp is controlled, except can regulating to the output voltage of PFC power factor correction Switching Power Supply, can also control the operating state (duty ratio) of electric ballast power output stage switching tube by remote control circuit, both can carry out simultaneously or separately.Therefore, the scope that lighting brightness is controlled is quite big, can satisfy general user's requirement substantially.

Figure 27 is the fundamental diagram of intelligent high-power electric ballast power output stage, and Q3, Q4 and C5, C6 form a semibridge system power amplifier among the figure, and the drive circuit output signal makes Q3, Q4 take turns conducting.Drive circuit works principle among Figure 27 is similar substantially to the drive circuit works principle among Figure 26, it all is PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) pulse width modulation circuit, the controlled circuit control of the parameter (frequency, duty ratio etc.) of its output pwm pulse, and control circuit is controlled by remote control circuit, and the other side of remote control circuit is exactly computer controlling center.

Control circuit among Figure 27 also has two sampled signal inputs.The sampled signal of sample circuit a is from the electric current of primary, when load is broken down, the electric current of primary also can change, for example, when load open circuit, it is very little that the electric current of primary can become, and when load short circuits, the electric current of primary can be very big, all will take safeguard measure for the both of these case control circuit; The sampled signal of sample circuit b is from the output voltage of transformer secondary output, when output loop produces voltage resonance or high-pressure sodium lamp generation acoustic resonance, sampling voltage can raise or fluctuate, when the PFC switch power source output voltage is too high, sampling voltage also can raise, these several situations can be monitored by the sampled signal of sample circuit b, and are controlled by control circuit.Sample circuit a and sample circuit b and transformer T1 and T2 partly are coated with colour specification they are an integral body among Figure 27.

Intelligent electric ballast can also be regulated and control some other parameter (as operating frequency) of circuit except can controlling the brightness of illuminating lamp.The operating frequency that changes electric ballast can avoid high-pressure sodium lamp, Metal halogen lamp to produce acoustic resonance, improves the reliability and the useful life of bulb; Can also allow the drive circuit no-output by remote control circuit, or turn-off the power supply of drive circuit, the switching tube in the electric ballast is quit work, be equivalent to illumination is turn-offed.

3, the drive circuit in the intelligent high-power electric ballast

Figure 28 is the complementary drive circuit that uses in the great-power electronic ballast, and this drive circuit uses the complementary pair pipe, can provide enough driving powers to switching tube in moment, with the conducting that reduces switching tube and by the time power loss.General high-power FET input capacitance is very big, and maximum reaches more than the 5000P, and it is very necessary therefore requiring moment that bigger drive current can be provided.D6 is an isolating diode among Figure 28, and C4 is a bootstrap capacitor, and when Q8 ends, during the Q7 conducting, two terminal potentials of C4 have all been lifted V simultaneously high _DC(but both end voltage still keeps numerical value to be about V _CC), we also can regard C4 as an energy storage filter capacitor for Q3, Q4 power supply.

Figure 29 is the transformer type drive circuit that uses in the great-power electronic ballast, and this drive circuit has more superior performance than the complementary drive circuit that Figure 28 uses.The internal resistance of transformer drive circuit is very little, and moment can provide the drive current bigger than complementary drive circuit, and it also can produce back electromotive force, also adds reverse voltage to grid when allowing switching tube end, and makes the turn-off time of switching tube faster.

Another advantage of Figure 29 transformer type drive circuit, be that the primary and secondary circuit of transformer can be isolated mutually, power mates easily, the function expansion is convenient, as: on the basis of former transformer, increase by two or four secondary coils again, just can be used for driving bridge-type or doube bridge formula output great-power electronic ballast.D6, D7's is limiter diode (double limiting) among Figure 29.

4, the control circuit in the intelligent high-power electric ballast

Figure 30 is one can be realized the output voltage of great-power electronic ballast PFC power factor correction Switching Power Supply is automatically adjusted; with great-power electronic ballast drive circuit (operating frequency, duty ratio etc.) is controlled; and the control circuit that can protect etc. function to fault automatically, also can be described as the pwm pulse width modulation circuit.

Control circuit shown in Figure 30 has following function:

1) adjustable output port Q1 of two-way phase place and Q2 (Pin8,9 and Pin11,10), connecing different drive circuits can promote: single tube switching power circuit (as Figure 26), two-tube or semi-bridge switching voltage regulator circuit (as Figure 10, Figure 27), bridge-type or doube bridge formula switching power circuit (as Figure 19, Figure 20 and Figure 21);

2) pwm pulse is transferred wide control port (Pin3), input control signal just can change the phase place of pwm pulse, thereby the duty ratio that changes the power supply switch tube conducting and end, reach the output of by-pass cock power source voltage with this, or protect automatically (control signal can be taken from: as sample circuit a, b, c, the d among Figure 26, or the sample circuit a among Figure 27,28,29, sample circuit b);

3) two error amplifiers, four sampling input ports (Pin1, Pin2, Pin15, Pin16), can be used for the curtage parameter of a plurality of sample circuits is detected, or these parameters are automatically adjusted, or protect (sample circuit a, b, c, d among the same desirable Figure 26 freely of error signal automatically, or the sample circuit a among Figure 27,28,29, sample circuit b), can also expand (in fact these four ports also get by expansion) when sampling input port number is not enough;

4) a Dead Time width control port (Pin4) is used to control the time that two power supply switch tubes end simultaneously, the duty ratio that also can control the power supply switch tube conducting and end simultaneously;

5) two operating frequencies are set port (Pin5, Pin6), change the operating frequency that external capacitor and resistance value can change internal oscillator, also can import synchronous working from Pin5, perhaps come the Control work frequency change by the external control voltage of a resistance with outer oscillator signal;

6) an output control terminal mouth (Pin13) is used for selecting control circuit output services pattern, two-way output Q1 and Q2 same-phase when Pin13 ground connection, and the two-way output phase staggers when Pin13 connects high potential.

Among Figure 30, pass through an isolation resistance input control signal from Pin1,2,3,4,5,6,15,16 pin of control circuit, the capital changes the output state of control circuit, i.e. parameters such as pulse duration, frequency, Dead Time width, thus change the power output of intelligent electric ballast.

5, the data processing circuit in the intelligent high-power electric ballast

The input signal of intelligent electric ballast control circuit, from data processing circuit, its operation principle as shown in figure 31.Two control circuits are generally all arranged in intelligent electric ballast, one is the control that is used for the PFC power factor (PF) is corrected the Switching Power Supply switching tube, another is the control that is used for the power output power supply switching tube, these two control circuits can be with control circuit shown in Figure 30, and the control circuit among Figure 31 is exactly a pwm pulse width modulation circuit shown in Figure 30.

Dateout from remote control circuit among Figure 31 is the 8bit signal, and simple in order to analyze, we temporarily are divided into two groups to the 8bit data here, every group of 4bit.D0-D3 is used for data and transmits, and after DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) digital-to-analogue conversion, just can export 16 grades of ladder control signals; D4-D7 is a chip selection signal, is used for respectively four DAC D/A converting circuits being carried out gating.In general these four chip selection signals of D4-D7, carve at a time and have only a chip selection signal output, promptly have only a passage selected, selected passage just can carry out control signal and transmit.Certain two or more passage is selected also to have no relations, and this situation belongs to the multimode control model, and the sort of situation in front belongs to single control model.Data processing circuit shown in Figure 31 comparatively speaking, and is fairly simple, has only four passages and 16 grades of ladder control signals, when the needs function is more, when control precision is higher, can select the data processing circuit of band expanded function shown in Figure 32 for use.

Circuit shown in Figure 32 is compared with Figure 31 circuit, many 3bit decoders, and the 8bit data of remote control circuit output still are divided into two groups here, one group is 5bit, another group is 3bit, and D0-D4 is used for data and transmits, and just can export 32 grades of ladder control signals after the DAC digital-to-analogue conversion; D5-D7 has 8 tunnel outputs after decoding, can be used as chip selection signal, or other control signals, like this can maximum 8 the DAC D/A converting circuit passages of gating.

Be used as the analog input signal of control circuit, in general have three just enough substantially, their purposes is respectively: pulse duration control, operating frequency control, Dead Time control.Two control circuits one have 6 road analog input signals in such intelligent high-power electric ballast, we can use 6 (as C0-C5) of 8 outputs of 3bit decoder among Figure 32, as the gating signal of 6 DAC D/A converting circuits, remaining two can be used as other purposes.Such as, the mains switch control as drive circuit is used for illuminating lamp and opens and close; Another guarantees the high-pressure generating circuit reliable ignition and prevents the sample circuit misoperation as high-tension circuit output time-delay control.Will realize that for Figure 31 a plurality of controlled function also are easy to, select one group or two group codes from remote control decoding output, once decipher with gate circuit again, output signal can be carried out other function control equally.

D/A converting circuit can the selection standard device, also can realize with operational amplification circuit and resistor network.Select for use operational amplification circuit and resistor network to constitute D/A converting circuit, use more conveniently, can select different weights (resistance value) flexibly for use, make the input data convert analog signal output to by certain function rule according to the needs of oneself.For example, when power output was less, the step-length that control changes can be greatly, and when power output was bigger, the step-length of control variation can be smaller, to guarantee good control effect.

The effect of compensating circuit is sphere of action and the central value that is used for adjusting control signal, its basic principle is the amplifier that a working point and amplification quantity can both be adjusted respectively, compensating circuit and D/A converting circuit can combine fully in the practical application, here it independent be in order to be more readily understood.The isolation resistance R1-R4 that adjusts among Figure 32 also can adjust the control action scope, but can't adjust central value.

6, carry out the circuit of data processing with microprocessor

Figure 33 is the schematic diagram that carries out data processing with microprocessor MPU (Microprocessor Unit).Carry out data processing with microprocessor, can merge to data processing and control circuit two parts circuit in the circuit, circuit is simple, be applicable to production in enormous quantities, small lot batch manufacture is because of using OTP (One-Time Programmable) sheet, and cost is higher, and software writes also not very convenient.

The microprocessor of Figure 33 has one group of 8bit (D0-D7) data input port, when the remote control decoder has data output, also exports a VT triggering signal simultaneously, and this VT triggering signal can be used as interruption or the data write signal (W) of MPU; With one group of 4bit (drive signal) delivery outlet, or two groups of 2bit (drive signal) delivery outlet.4bit output is divided into two groups (O0, O1 and O2, O3), export to PFC power factor correction circuit as drive signal for one group, another group is exported to the ballast power output circuit as drive signal, and the 2bit signal phase of every group of output is just in time opposite, or all is 0 (electronegative potential).When two groups of outputs are not when changing synchronously, one group of the output pulse width broad can produce burr.Therefore, the 4bit delivery outlet is preferably exported with two delivery outlets respectively, and each delivery outlet is 2bit, and the phase place of such two groups of output signals can be asynchronous, and work and programming are all compared flexibly.

Six data input ports are used for the sampled signal input in addition, and mouthful (an A/D mouth) preferably simulated in these six data input ports, or the rarest simulation confession PFC power factor correction circuit sampling use, export with burning voltage.Non-simulation mouthful can only be as the sampling input of the control signal of state protections such as circuit overvoltage, overcurrent.

Microprocessor also has a data delivery outlet (O4), be used as the output of fault inquiry recall signal, when control centre sends request signal (one group in the definable 8bit coding is inquiry code), after MPU decoding, MPU can answer according to the situation of a plurality of samplings input port.When needs when control centre is answered, data output (O4) will be exported one group of coding that contains this electric ballast work state information, perhaps when ballast broke down, MPU sent fault-signal from trend control centre, and told the other side the attribute of oneself (address, numbering).

Figure 34, be the PFC power factor correction circuit theory diagrams that carry out data processing with microprocessor, Figure 35 is the power output circuit schematic diagram that carries out data processing with microprocessor.

The microprocessor that is used for the intelligent high-power electric ballast generally all is special-purpose microprocessor, and its internal circuit and structure are very simple, and interface is also more special, therefore when producing in enormous quantities, can entrust IC Chevron Research Company (CRC) to carry out the MPU-IC design.Small lot batch manufacture also can select for use 8051-CPU to test, and changes more economical dedicated cpu again after waiting to test successfully.

7, the auxiliary power circuit in the intelligent electric ballast

General electric ballast all be by a high-power resistance directly voltage from 300V or 400V drop to 15V to 20V as accessory power supply, give circuit uses such as sampling, error amplification, driving.This method operating efficiency with the resistance step-down is very low, the very difficult above electric current of 10mA that can provide is exported, to circuit workings such as remote control reception, decoding, error amplification, drivings, and because the high-power resistance heating brings difficulty and the reliability that reduces machine can for the encapsulation of machine.Make accessory power supply if adopt a P cock power supply, can also export many group voltages (5V, 12V, 20V) uses for the each several part circuit, not only output current is big, high efficiency, utilize a plurality of different ground of transformer secondary output coil, also be convenient to carry out EMI and isolate, and can also control output voltage.Such as, when needs are closed illuminating lamp, only need cut off the power supply of drive circuit (20V) getting final product, other power supply all need not cut off.Figure 36 is the accessory power supply schematic diagram that an intelligent electric ballast is used.

The accessory power supply of Figure 36 is an auto-excitation type P cock power supply, and Q1 is a power supply switch tube, and Q2 is a pulse duration adjustment pipe, and sampling voltage is by D2 rectification output, and D3 is a reference voltage, and the numerical value that changes D3 just can change the height of respectively organizing output voltage.Q3, Q4 are 20V (driving stage power supply) output control, and control voltage is imported by R8 from data processing circuit (Figure 31, Figure 32, Figure 33).

Five, the transmission of intelligent high-power electric ballast remote signal and reception

1, the form of remote control coding signal

Computer will send one group of remote signal to the intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp when the intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp is carried out Based Intelligent Control, among the coding of this group remote signal, information such as synchronous head, address code, numeric data code, end code are arranged.Figure 37 is the composition form of the simplest remote signal coding, and each group remote signal coding has only 20bit, synchronous head 1bit, block code 1bit, address code 8bit, numeric data code 8bit, end code 2bit.Encoded content or form can be changed arbitrarily in actual use, must strictly observe coding protocol but send and receive two ends, could correctly decipher.

Address code has only 8bit among Figure 37, be equivalent to have only 256 user codes, for a common metropolitan illuminator, to inquire about one by one or control all illuminating lamps, these address code quantity obviously are not enough, we can take a kind of method of block encoding step by step for this reason, are easy to just can address this problem.Amplify because remote signal also must constantly be passed through remote signal line amplifier (also claiming relaying to amplify or the relay amplification) in transmission course, so the remote signal line amplifier equally also can be encoded.In the composition form of remote signal coding, there is 1bit block code signal to be used for to line amplifier and intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp address code identification usefulness.For example, address code and the numeric data code of representing the back when the block code signal is 1 belong to line amplifier, have only the decoder of line amplifier to decipher to this signal, address code and the numeric data code of representing the back when the block code signal is 0 belong to the intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp, have only the decoder of intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp to decipher this signal.In fact for line amplifier, the numeric data code of address code back is unnecessary, therefore these numeric data codes can use as address code fully, so just be equivalent to line amplifier and become the 16bit coding, can control 65536 line amplifiers respectively, so just solved the problem that the city illumination lamp is inquired about one by one or controlled well, principle can be referring to the related content of line amplifier in detail.

2, the selection of remote signal parameter

The remote control coding signal belongs to binary digital signal, generally all is to represent with high-low level, as: represent " 1 " with high level, represent " 0 " with low level.Because binary digital signal generally is not that high-low level is symmetrically distributed on the time shaft, therefore its mean value can not be zero, DC level neither a fixed value, this code signal can not carry out long-distance transmissions, must make it to become the null AC signal of mean value and just can carry out long-distance transmissions by modulation.Through the high frequency ac signal after the code signal modulation, we are referred to as " remote signal ".

The remote control coding signal can not carry out the reason of long-distance transmissions can be explained like this: when transmission range was very long, the length of transmission line and the wavelength of signal can be compared, and the voltage or the current value of every bit is all inequality on the transmission line at this moment.When the voltage of input was maximum, the voltage of transmission line distal-most end might not be exactly maximum, also was likely minimum value or negative maximum.As: when the voltage of input is maximum, just in time equal the half wavelength place at transmission line, its voltage just in time is negative maximum.Because the input maximum value voltage also is not transferred to, the time of half period such as needs could arrive, and present detected voltage just in time is the negative maximum value voltage of preceding half period time input.And this situation just in time is a transmission line when being in steady-working state, just can occur, and promptly is equivalent to transmission line and has entered charging and discharging state.When the voltage of input is maximum, if transmission line also is not recharged, be that transmission line was not also imported any voltage before this, then other all local voltages are zero on the transmission line, signal needs just can be transferred to after after a while, transmission line is long more, and the time that waiting signal arrives is just long more.

When to the transmission line input signal, the signal of before importing transmission line also can produce stack with the signal of current input, because also doing bidirectional-movement at transmission line signal at a distance, electric current is also as flowing water, which end pressure is low just toward which end to run, so certain any electric current on transmission line always because the variation of input terminal voltage polarity is run forward for a moment, runs again for a moment backward.Therefore, signal transmits on transmission line, be to be undertaken by the principle that electric capacity and inductance discharge and recharge, we can regard transmission line by a lot of inductance as and be in series and a lot of electric capacity are in parallel and form, could need signal all different procedural representation of phase place of every bit on time and the transmission line to come out transmitting on the transmission line like this.This shows, the voltage-phase and the phase of input signals of each point are different on the long Distance Transmission line, and having only the signal that transmits on the transmission line is one group of signal (as first-harmonic) clocklike, and the voltage-phase of each point could be consistent relatively with input signal and changes (falling behind a phase place) on the transmission line.Individual pulse or asymmetric pulse train are difficult to transmission in transmission line, because need often charge back and forth to transmission line.

In addition, it is in parallel that various impedances that connect on the transmission line or load can not be regarded as simply, because the load at every place for input signal, is not to insert the same time.Therefore very complicated to the calculating of transmission line impedance, and only under the situation of signal stabilization, better calculate.

Since the operating frequency range of electric ballast generally all at 20KHz between the 60KHz, the too high loss of operating frequency is big; The too low volume of transformer of operating frequency is very big, and the capacity of energy storage filter capacitor also needs very big, and machine volume also will increase, and cost can increase.Interference for the operating frequency of avoiding electric ballast, the operating frequency of intelligent electric ballast remote signal can only be chosen in the electric ballast lowest operating frequency outside, preferably select for use 5KHz to sinusoidal keyed amplitude modulation (ASK) between the 20KHz or keying frequency modulation (FSK) signal.The very low benefit in addition of signal frequency is exactly not need to carry out frequency conversion and intermediate frequency amplification, and it is all very simple to receive amplifying circuit and demodulator circuit.But carrier frequency is selected to such an extent that too low shortcoming arranged also, is exactly that the signal transmission code rate is very low.

The remote signal (30KHz-60KHz) that another kind method also can be used with present infrared remote controller, by modulation once more, it is modulated on the higher frequency, but note avoiding the electric ballast operating frequency once, three times to tens times, even time high-frequency harmonic interference of tens times odd number, so high frequency carrier need be more than 500KHz, this frequency has dropped on medium wave or shortwave broadcasting wave band, as selecting for use, must can ratify through the radio board of trustee.As select 27MHz or other free frequency range for use, be high frequency attenuation very big (radiation easily) on the one hand, on the other hand, when the transmitting range of signal and wavelength can be compared, can produce standing wave, signal can occur wave amplitude or trough again every quarter-wave, if receiving circuit just in time drops on the trough place, just may not receive signal, it is unreliable to work.But be used for the short-distance wireless electrical remote control, this method is but very convenient.

So will select for use flexibly as the case may be when selecting remote signal carrier wave operating frequency for use, in the city illumination intelligent management system, can select frequency for use is that remote signal between the 5-20KHZ is carried out telecommunication; And in some short-distance wireless electrical remote control occasions, can select frequency for use is that above intermediate waves of 500KHz or the above free frequency range remote signal of 27MHz are communicated by letter.

3, the generation of remote signal and transmission

In the city illumination intelligent management system, because the frequency of the remote signal carrier wave of selecting for use is very low, approximately has only 5kHz to 20kHz, transmission code rate is also very low, have only hundreds of bit/S, therefore directly just can realize functions such as coding, modulation, decoding with a microcontroller circuit.

Figure 38 is the coding and decoding circuit schematic diagram that the intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp is carried out Based Intelligent Control with computer.In fact Figure 38 is exactly an information-processing circuit, it mainly is made up of a MPU (8051) or other intimate microprocessor, major function is to carry out binary coding and modulation, produces remote control and sends signal, and to remote control signal reception rectification and decoding.

When computer need be controlled the intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp, can be by series connection port output control command, instruction process imput output circuit is sent to the Data Receiving port RXD of MPU (8051), after MPU (8051) decoding, carries out binary coding again.Code signal is exported by the P1.1 port, through modulation circuit high-frequency oscillating circuits is modulated then, and send high frequency power amplifier Q1 to amplify, amplifying signal is through resistance R 2 outputs, and then the high pressure buffer circuit of process resonant inductance L1, L2 and high pressure isolation capacitance C3, C4 composition, at last remote signal is delivered on the power network line, sent to the intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp in a distant place.Perhaps directly export high-frequency modulation signal,, have only about 10KHz, can save modulation circuit and high-frequency oscillating circuits among Figure 38 like this because the high-frequency carrier signal here is very low by the P1.1 port of MPU (8051).

When computer need carry out fault inquiry to the intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp, encoder in the intelligent electric ballast also can produce one and answer code signal (modulated high frequency signal) to computer, this is answered code signal and transmits by power network line, through resonant inductance L1, L2 and high pressure isolation capacitance C3, the high pressure buffer circuit that C4 forms, and receiving and transmitting signal split circuit U2 separates signal, U3, Q2 amplifies and shaping, demodulator circuit carries out demodulation, restituted signal is from the P1.0 mouth input of MPU (8051), and carry out data decoding by software through MPU (8051), data are exported to computer through the series connection port again and are carried out data processing by the data sending terminal mouth TXD output of MPU (8051).

U2 among Figure 38 also can be described as " receiving and transmitting signal split circuit ".The output signal of high-frequency amplifier Q1 (remote control transmission signal) is delivered to positive and negative two inputs of U2 respectively through R2 and R3, this signal is for the U2 amplifier, be a common-mode signal (amplitude and the polarity of two input input voltages are identical), U2 does not have amplification to common-mode signal.Regulate the numerical value of R2, R3, R4 and C2, make the signal of two inputs of U2 equal fully over the ground, then U2 sends signal to remote control does not just have amplification, and promptly U2 does not have remote control to send signal to amplify output.And for answering code signal, it is an input that directly is added to U2, belong to difference mode signal (amplitude of two input input voltages equates but polarity is opposite), so U2 will amplify to it.U2, U3, Q2 are approximately 40 to 60db to the gain of answering code signal.Because the transmission and the reception of remote signal are time-sharing works, therefore, the separating degree requirement that U2 is separated amplifying circuit is not very high.

In addition, because power network line sends the load of signal as remote control, its impedance is unsettled, sometimes the quantity that inserts illuminating lamp is many, sometimes quantity is few, and it is in full accord that the remote control of two inputs of the very difficult like this U2 of assurance sends signal amplitude, because the voltage of R2 can fall along with load often changes, therefore, the resistance R among Figure 38 4 preferably changes variable resistor into.Enough big in order to make remote control send the amplitude of signal, to offset the voltage drop that R2 and high pressure isolation capacitance C3, C4 produce, the operating voltage VCC of general Q1, U2 obtains higher.

D1, D2 are catching diodes among Figure 38, and its effect is the negative half period of capacitor C 1, C6 output voltage, is embedded on 0 volt of current potential.Inductance L 1 and L2 produce series resonance with capacitor C 3 and C4 respectively, make circuit impedance minimum, play the selection to remote signal simultaneously.

Because R2, R3 can not select too for a short time, otherwise can influence the separating degree of receiving and transmitting signal, and the excessive power output that can reduce the transmission signal.Figure 39 is the very high receiving and transmitting signal split circuit of another kind of delivery efficiency, it is on the basis of Figure 38, with a common mode transformer replacement resistance R 2, R3, because common mode transformer is littler than resistance to the signal transmission attenuation, and the inhibition ability is stronger than resistance, so the power output of Figure 39 and efficient are big more a lot of than Figure 38.

The function of modulation circuit is binary signal to be modulated into high-frequency signal so that transmission, the function of demodulator circuit just in time with the functions reversed of modulation circuit, be that the modulated high-frequency signal is demodulated to binary signal.The modulation and demodulation of binary signal are simple more a lot of than analog signal, because it has only two states, in fairly simple modulation circuit, generally all select keyed amplitude modulation ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) or keying frequency modulation FSK (Frequency Shift Keying).Keyed amplitude modulation is the simplest, and with the vibration of the direct control generator of pulse or stop get final product, and keying frequency modulation is the frequency of oscillation between conversion back and forth of usefulness pulsed oscillator.Be keyed amplitude modulation or keying frequency modulation do not have modulated pulse signal output the time after oscillator do not work, i.e. carrierfree output can be increased work efficiency like this.Keying frequency modulation antijamming capability is better than keyed amplitude modulation, but the modulation-demodulation circuit of keying frequency modulation is complicated more a lot of than the modulation-demodulation circuit of keyed amplitude modulation, selects for use the sort of circuit to decide according to the concrete application of system at last.

Figure 40 is the generation of remote signal coding and the schematic diagram of processes such as transmission and decoding.The generation of remote signal is to adopt pulsewidth coding among Figure 40, generally all be called keyed amplitude modulation ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying), available broad pulse group representative " 1 " in modulation signal with a burst pulse group representative " 0 ", or can be worked conversely too.This ASK signal, modulation and demodulation circuit are all very simple, and antijamming capability is very strong, and high-frequency impulse (carrier wave) number that is comprised in the keyed pulse envelope is many more, and antijamming capability is just good more.This can be understood from the correlation aspect of signal, when disturbed by interference signal, each carrier pulse signal in the remote signal all is relevant mutually, this correlation can be destroyed or weakened when disturbing pulse is invaded, this destroyed or weakened degree is relevant with the number and the amplitude of invading disturbing pulse, also relevant with number with correlation pulse, obviously there is the number of correlation pulse many more, disturbed degree is just more little.

In addition, suitably adjust resonance sense L1, L2 and high pressure isolation capacitance C3, C4 among Figure 38 and Figure 39, and the parameter (inductance and electric capacity) of power network line medium-high frequency trap, when making circuit parameter just in time produce series parallel resonance (this also is a kind of conditional request of correlation) with carrier frequency, can improve the antijamming capability of remote signal widely, the decay of signal also will reduce greatly.In the time of signal and circuit generation resonance, carrier signal can become sine wave by square wave, and the amplitude maximum; When signal and circuit did not produce resonance, carrier signal can become sawtooth waveforms by square wave, and amplitude is than sinusoidal wave much lower times.

Figure 41 is the schematic diagram of another kind of remote signal coding generation and processes such as transmission and decoding.Different with Figure 40 is, the generation of remote signal is to adopt keying FM encoding FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) among Figure 41, with signal (high frequency carrier) representative " 1 " of a string upper frequency, and represent " 0 " with the signal (low frequency carrier signal) of a string lower frequency.Keyed pulse (modulation signal) width of representative " 0 " or " 1 " can be the same, also can be different.The modulation and demodulation circuit of this FSK keying FM encoding is relatively than the modulation and demodulation circuit complexity of ASK keyed amplitude modulation correspondence, but antijamming capability is slightly strong than ASK keyed amplitude modulation.This is because need detect wave detector amplitude of output voltage and width in that ASK keyed amplitude modulation signal is separated timing, if the voltage amplitude threshold is too highly fixed, the easy omission of signal (sensitivity reduction), if the voltage amplitude threshold is lowly excessively fixed, when signal is disturbed, the width of detection output voltage also can change, and is easy to generate error code; And being separated timing, fsk signal only need detect two wave detector amplitude of output voltage, do not need to detect the width of detection output voltage, and " 0 " and " 1 " detect and can separately carry out with two cover circuit, and the error rate reduces widely than an ASK demodulator circuit with a wave detector like this.

ASK keyed amplitude modulation or FSK keying FM encoding signal can directly produce with microprocessor, and as the P1.1 delivery outlet among Figure 38,39, also available two modulating pulses operating state or frequency of oscillation of control generator (as LM555) respectively realize.Very simple to the demodulation of ASK keyed amplitude modulation signal, just can realize with a diode detector, and can carry out with one or two LM567 integrated circuit the fsk signal demodulation.The code signal that obtains after the demodulation can directly be deciphered by microprocessor from the input of the P1.0 input port Figure 38,39, also can give computer binary coded signal and decipher.In fact the coding of query answer signal is simpler, whether the work that only needs to differentiate electric ballast normally gets final product, therefore can encode with very simple morse telegraph code (Morse Code), perhaps use simpler method, answer an identification signal only for the inquiry end.

4, the little application system of intelligent lighting

The intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp application system that some are little, not necessarily need to come the intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp is controlled, only can realize good control effect equally with the single-chip microcomputer of as 8051 and so on microprocessor composition with the such complex apparatus of computer data processing system.As computer among Figure 38,39 is partly removed, or computer is partly changed into a data acquisition unit such as illumination, just can become the monolithic processor controlled intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp of a usefulness application system.The monolithic processor controlled intelligent electric ballast illuminating lamp of this usefulness application system does not generally all have query function.

Also some littler application system only just can be controlled the intelligent high-power electric ballast with remote controller, but its controlled function is also wanted simply.The encoding and decoding remote control integrated circuit of existing a lot of various functions also can be applied in the intelligent high-power electronic ballast control system in the market.Their carrier pulse frequency is generally 38KHz or 56KHz, it is very simple to be used for short-range infrared remote control circuit, cost is very low, but because of infra-red remote control has very strong directivity, so infra-red remote control can only be used for single illuminating lamp is carried out the occasion of remote control, and remote control distance is generally all very short, has only about 10 meters.If illuminating lamp is carried out the microcommunity remote control, must use radio controlled mode.The wireless remotecontrol distance is generally far away, and does not have directivity.But also need modulate again when using wireless remotecontrol, it is modulated on the higher carrier frequency, be specifically designed to the assigned frequency of remote control as 27MHz or 310MHz etc. this high-frequency pulse signal.

Figure 42 is the basic principle figure of radio remote controller, and it can realize 8 kinds of feature operations by 8 function keys, increases function control as needs, and only need selecting for use more, the coding IC of multidata input port gets final product.

U1 generally is special-purpose CPU encoder among Figure 42, also can select for use other CPU to realize coding.U1 output be the pulse modulation code signal, i.e. keyed amplitude modulation (ASK) signal, " receiving input " waveform among this signal waveform such as Figure 40.This signal will produce the higher-order of oscillation (ring) by the Q1 amplification then, just in time is the odd harmonics of input pulse frequency as frequency of oscillation, then the amplitude maximum.With remote controller illuminating lamp is carried out remote control, very near because of operating distance, generally do not need to be encoded in the address, as long as in effective remote control distance, can control to all illuminating lamps.Because the operating function of remote controller is simpler, therefore be difficult to make illuminating lamp to be operated in the best power PC point place of Fig. 1.But adopt thermistor to carry out the power sampling, and then power output is controlled, this method is effective too.

Concrete grammar is to come the temperature of the output transformer of electric ballast or power output tube taken a sample that (general power output is big more with a thermistor (being generally the subzero temperature characteristic), its temperature is just high more), give the PWM pulse-width modulation circuit sampling voltage then and come power output is controlled.So just can power output be stabilized in certain value near, and this value can change arbitrarily by the remote controller remote control.In fact the temperature of thermistor-power control characteristic curve can be obtained by accurate measurement, so this also is a kind of effectively autocontrol method.Just can realize that as among the resistance R 1-R4 among Figure 31 and Figure 32 any one being changed into thermistor power output controls automatically.

The most handy superregeneration receiver of radio remote-controlled signal receives, and the superregeneration receiver receiving sensitivity is very high, particularly when the modulating frequency of the intermittent oscillation frequency of superregeneration receiver and remote signal near the time.Figure 43 is that radio remote-controlled signal receives schematic diagram, and Q1 is superregenrative reception among the figure, and Q2 is a demodulation, and D1, D2 are secondary demodulations, and Q3 is that shaping is amplified.Because the code signal of signal sending end is through twice modulation, so received signal also will be carried out twice demodulation.Be that high-frequency signal (such as 27MHz) is carried out demodulation for the first time, obtain modulating subcarrier signal (38KHz) output after the demodulation, demodulation for the second time is output as binary coded signal, and signal just can directly be exported to decoding circuit and decipher after the Q3 shaping is amplified.But output signal also need be passed through the EMI buffer circuit in intelligent electric ballast, just arrives decoding circuit at last.

Because the subcarrier frequency of remote signal just in time drops within the operating frequency range of electric ballast, be easy to receiving circuit is produced interference, particularly to the Q2 demodulation amplifying circuit among Figure 43.R7 is that resistance is selected in the working point of Q2, and it plays a decisive role to the selection of signal demodulator threshold, correctly selects the size of R7 resistance can improve the antijamming capability of Q2 circuit.The height that the detection threshold is selected has a significant impact receiving sensitivity, reduces again in order to improve sensitivity and disturbs, and can add LC filter circuit or RC frequency selective amplifier (bandpass amplifier) in the output loop of Q2.

5, remote signal long-distance transmissions and reception

Utilize electrical network to carry out long range carriers communication, the long range carriers communication that particularly utilizes high-voltage fence to carry out between the city realizes very early.But utilize the city illumination electrical network to carry out telecommunication, also nobody's use basically at present, main cause is a city illumination power network line complexity, the technical standard disunity of various electrical equipment, signal attenuation is serious, and communication quality and safe difficulty are guaranteed.Utilize lighting mains to communicate at present and also be confined to basically communicate between same storied building or several buildings.

The city illumination circuit is generally all very long, if every street is superposeed, the total length of a common big city illuminating line is at least more than 100 kilometers.Because the input impedance (load impedance) of electrical network is very little, remote signal can't directly be transmitted in General Electric Network, must transform power network line.

In the intelligent illuminating system basic principle figure of Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, the places different with the general lighting circuit at first are, are used for the illuminating line of intelligent illuminating system, and its input and output side all will insert high-frenquency current blocking device isolates.High-frenquency current blocking device is that a low pass is considered the ripple device, and desirable high-frenquency current blocking device only allows the 50Hz low frequency signal to pass through, and very big to the impedance of the remote control carrier signal more than the 10KHz, prevents the remote signal escape, and high-frenquency current blocking device is mainly become by high-power inductance coil groups.

Except the input and output two ends of illuminating line need isolate with high-frenquency current blocking device, because the illuminating line distance is very long, signal attenuation is serious, a line amplifier must just be installed between power network line at a certain distance come signal is carried out the relay amplification, also need between the input and output side of line amplifier to isolate with high-frenquency current blocking device.

The link amplifier that uses in the general carrier communication is all named " difference is changeed amplifier ", and promptly the frequency of the input signal of amplifier and output signal frequency are different, causes interference mutually to prevent to receive and send.Using carrier frequency than higher occasion, utilize the difference frequency amplifying technique, circuit is very simple, only need carry out frequency conversion and get final product.And link amplifier operation principle and the function used in the line amplifier (link amplifier) that intelligent illuminating system uses and the general carrier communication are different fully, in order to avoid the interference of electric ballast operating frequency, intelligent illuminating system uses the carrier frequency of remote signal very low, have only about 10KHz, do not had other spendable frequency to carry out conversion, and line amplifier also to carry out geocoding with illuminating lamp.

Can realize input/output signal same frequency relay amplification, and can carry out geocoding to line amplifier, be a key technology in the intelligent lighting management system of city.

Figure 44 is the basic functional principle figure of the line amplifier of intelligent illuminating system use.The line amplifier that intelligent illuminating system uses is made up of two groups of amplifying circuits, and every group of amplifying circuit input signal to single direction plays amplification, and the input signal of other direction is then had inhibitory action.1 input signal to the left side of amplifier plays amplification among Figure 44, and same amplifier 2 also only plays amplification to the input signal on the right.Here be to utilize operational amplifier that difference mode signal is amplified the principle different with the effect that common-mode signal is amplified to realize.The operation principle of demultiplexing circuit U2 among the operation principle of Figure 44 and Figure 38,39 is basic identical.

The gain of line amplifier is generally about 20 to 30db, and the height of gain is limited by the isolation of high-frenquency current blocking device mainly, and the isolation of high-frenquency current blocking device must be greater than the gain of line amplifier, otherwise amplifier will produce vibration.

Illuminating line also divides a lot of intervals in addition, so that illuminating lamp divides group polling and control, also to isolate between interval and the interval, and a remote signal line amplifier with decoder function also will be installed between the input and output side of high-frenquency current blocking device with high-frenquency current blocking device.This remote signal line amplifier that has the decoder function will carry out the address code coding with the illuminating lamp unification when in use.

Figure 45 is a remote signal line amplifier (being called for short the coding line amplifier) with geocoding function, compare how be equivalent to an analog switch with Figure 44, and the operating state of analog switch will be controlled by the decoder output signal.Analog switch cuts out at ordinary times, and when remote signal was imported, signal at first amplified by amplifier, be divided into two-way then, one the tunnel gives decoder deciphers, if the address code that comprises in the remote signal is just in time identical with address code in this decoder, then decoder has output.Output signal just can trigger the monostable time delay circuit, produce the control wave that a width is slightly larger than follow-up remote signal width, make the analog switch conducting, follow-up remote signal could be passed through, simultaneously also export a chip select signal EC and allow decoder quit work a period of time, prevent that decoder from continuing decoding to follow-up remote signal.

Follow-up remote signal still is the remote control coding signal among Figure 37, it is to be used for allowing the decoder of coding line amplifier and intelligent electric ballast make identification usefulness that 1bit (block code) identification code is arranged among Figure 37, the attribute of this this remote signal of value decision, the decoder that belongs to line amplifier or belong to intelligent electric ballast uses.If the attribute of follow-up remote signal block code does not change, illustrate that encode the in addition switch of line amplifier of back need open, if the attribute of follow-up remote signal block code has changed, illustrate that the back is exactly an intelligent electric ballast.So follow-up signal not necessarily one or two, may be a plurality of, and when the series connection of a plurality of coding line amplifiers, can also repeat to use same group coding.Analog switch begins again to cut out after follow-up remote signal is by circuit, and other signal that the back is come again all can not pass through analog switch, and line amplifier does not just have signal output yet.With regard to having solved the problem that the not enough and geocoding of remote signal geocoding quantity can overlapping use, the geocoding figure place is doubled like this.

Therefore, when intelligent illuminating system carried out branch group polling or control to city illumination, minimum in the remote signal will have two group address sign indicating numbers, and the first group address sign indicating number is the group address, and second group is the address of illuminating lamp, and two group address sign indicating numbers will have long time at interval.Perhaps this double address remote signal is regarded as two groups of independent signals, last group is had only address information not have data, and back one group address and two kinds of information of data have, two groups of certain phase relations of the strict maintenance of signal.

General electric equipment all is equipped with EMI electromagnetic compatibility filter circuit, and this circuit can produce remote signal isolates and attenuation, therefore must set up a special channel in addition in the intelligent electric ballast circuit remote signal.Figure 46, the 47th, the basic principle figure of remote signal transmission circuit in the intelligent electric ballast circuit.Figure 46 is that signal input circuit is slightly different with the difference of Figure 47, and Figure 46 utilizes the two-wire of illuminating line to carry out the signal transmission, and Figure 47 utilizes single line and ground wire to carry out the signal transmission, and both respectively have pluses and minuses, can select as the case may be to use.

Figure 46 installs and uses more convenient, is applicable to that those supply lines are simple, and equipment uses more concentrated, and the input impedance of each power consumption equipment (high frequency) is than higher, and the not far place of distance.Therefore among Figure 46 EMI filter inductance LF1 to select common mode inductance or differential mode inductance with very big leakage inductance for use be very necessary.Do not require and signal input circuit advantage shown in Figure 47 is input impedance to access device, but earth resistance is had strict demand, require earth terminal to contact well with the earth.Therefore carry out equipment install in Figure 47 to bother than Figure 46, but, preferably select a termination earth signal input circuit shown in Figure 47 for use for the place of those supply line's more complicated (multiple equipment of different nature is arranged).

It is to be noted especially all has an EMI buffer circuit among Figure 46, Figure 47, Figure 48, and its major function is to make to carry out electromagnetic compatibility isolation (conducted interference) between remote signaling channel and the electric ballast.In electric ballast, a lot of parts of circuit all can produce interference voltage (for the earth), as high-pressure generating circuit, when circuit for producing high voltage generation resonance, can produce the high frequency voltage more than 1 kilovolt to the earth, this voltage must be isolated with input circuit, otherwise will pass through input circuit, miscellaneous equipment be produced disturb.LF1 among Figure 46, Figure 47, Figure 48 is exactly the EMI buffer circuit, but LF1 does not play buffer action to remote signaling channel, so remote signaling channel must have the EMI buffer circuit of oneself.The EMI buffer circuit of remote signaling channel is very simple, because the operating current of remote signaling channel and voltage are all very low, selects for use the common photoelectric coupler as isolating between the two places, and its isolation is very high.

LF1 be one can be to difference mode signal, the also filter that can suppress common-mode signal.General EMI filter circuit all selects for use two filters to come the EMI signal is carried out filtering, as shown in figure 34.Among Figure 34, LF1 is a differential mode filter inductance, and it is to the differential mode high-frequency signal of input and output between two lines or very big to the impedance of EMI output signal; LF2 is a common mode filtering inductance, and it is very big to the impedance (relative to the earth) of EMI output signal, and it is very little that input and output are the impedance (between relative two lines) of the high-frequency signal of differential mode.But the easy magnetic saturation of magnetic core when the electric current that flows through LF1 is excessive, therefore two inductance coil LF1 and LF2 preferably select for use a transformer coil that has the leakage inductance loop structure as shown in figure 24 to replace, such one can reduce cost, and another can improve the performance of machine and prevent that electric current from crossing ambassador's magnetic core and producing magnetic saturation.Figure 46, Figure 47, Figure 48 select this fundamental diagram with transformer coil of leakage inductance loop structure as electromagnetic interface filter for use.Wherein Figure 48 is the circuit that carries out remote signal decoding and data processing with the intelligent electric ballast special microprocessor, and the operation principle of special microprocessor is with reference to Figure 33.

Capacitor C X1, CX2 are very little to the impedance of remote signal in Figure 46, Figure 47, Figure 48 circuit, and very big to the power network signal impedance of 50Hz; The characteristic impedance of inductance L F1 is just in time opposite with the characteristic impedance of CX1, CX2, and is big especially to the impedance of carrier signal, and very little to the power network signal impedance of 50Hz.Therefore the effect by capacitor C X1, CX2 and inductance L F1 is easy to remote signal is separated.

Figure 49 is the fundamental diagram of remote signal receiving circuit in the intelligent electric ballast, and U2 is the receiving and transmitting signal separating amplifier among the figure, and the operation principle of its operation principle and front Figure 39 is basic identical.D2, D3, C7 are keyed amplitude modulation signal (ASK) demodulation (also claiming detection) filter circuits, and U4, U5 are the EMI buffer circuits.Restituted signal amplifies through shaping through buffer circuit again, gives decoding circuit then and deciphers, and send data processing circuit to carry out data processing at last.

When the inquiry of the illuminated control centre of intelligent electric ballast, the inquiry remote signal at first is received, then through decoding and data processing, data processing circuit will export one group very similar to " Morse " telegraph code (length sign indicating number), the answer control signal that contains coded message, give modulation circuit through buffer circuit then and come the carrier oscillation circuit is modulated, just can produce one group " Morse " sign indicating number recall signal.Control centre just can know probably according to the length sign indicating number information of recall signal whether the operating state of intelligent electric ballast is normal.When control centre after intelligent electric ballast sends request signal, if can not receive the recall signal of electric ballast, just can conclude that fault has taken place electric ballast.

The remote signal receiving circuit requires gain greater than 40db in the intelligent electric ballast of Figure 49, and sensitivity is less than 10mV.

Six, city illumination Based Intelligent Control

1, illuminating lamp best effort point control

When city illumination was carried out Based Intelligent Control, computer at first will detect the data of illuminating lamp sample, came all illuminating lamps are controlled according to detecting data then, and perhaps the needs according to the user carry out various function controls.In the process of illuminating lamp being carried out the control of various functions, require illuminating lamp all to be operated in best operating point P among Fig. 1 constantly _c, this may be a thing the most complicated, below we discuss the basic principle and the course of work that realizes this function.

In order to realize that illuminating lamp is carried out best operating point to be controlled automatically, at first to take a sample to the various different operating states of illuminating lamp, then sampled data is stored and analyze and optimization, come that according to prioritization scheme illuminating lamp is carried out best operating point at last and control automatically, certainly these work all by software by computer automatic execution.The illuminating lamp operating state is taken a sample and data-optimized process is performed such:

At first allow computer output control signal regulate the PFC electric power output voltage of intelligent high-power electric ballast respectively, recently change the power output of electric ballast with the duty of ballast power drive circuit, respectively the power and the luminosity of illuminating lamp sample are detected with a power meter and a luminance meter simultaneously, and the relation of power and brightness represented with the form of coordinate, can obtain brightness-power curve (curve 1 among Figure 50, L-P curve) as Fig. 1;

Then differential is carried out in every group of brightness that measures and power data, that is: obtain every group of data (brightness, power) derivative dl/dp (or tangent value: ), this derivative value is also obtained curve 2 (dL/dP curve) among Figure 50 with coordinate representation, but derivative dl/dp also L ' represent;

With the represented dl/dp numerical value of 2 each points of curve among Figure 50 the value of more corresponding power p with it multiply each other, can obtain one group of new function so again, that is: y=(dl/dp) * p, the power of obtaining its maximum Ym correspondence in this group new function is P, and in fact this performance number is exactly the optimum output power P of electric ballast _c, i.e. the optimum output power P of electric ballast among Fig. 1 _c

Thereafter do straight line again by the origin of coordinates in Figure 50, this straight line and curve 2 (dl/dp curve) intersect at the m point, and the projection that m is ordered just in time drops on P _cOn the point, this straight line is exactly the intelligent electric ballast working point optimal curve that we require, as the curve among Figure 50 3.At last select two points 1 and h in the optimal curve of intelligent electric ballast, 1 lower limit as the working point, the h point is as the upper limit of working point.By software the working point of computer controlled intelligent electric ballast can only be changed back and forth between these two working points 1 and h, the working point that guarantees intelligent electric ballast is basically just at best operating point (P _cThe point) near.

The reason of doing like this is in order to allow data processing become simple, computer particularly microprocessor when carrying out data processing, the processing procedure that will compare nonlinear data to the processing procedure of linear data is simply very many, be that computer is handled the data of curve among Figure 50 3, compare the data of curve 1 and handle simply very many.

Top process seems very complicated, but teaches after the computer (being the data typings) for the first time, and similar work backward just can have been made of computer all.When carrying out the data typing to computer, used luminance meter and power meter all are the instruments that has the digital signal output interface, if need not thisly have the instrument of digital signal output interface, oneself is installed a blocks of data collection plate and also is easy to realize this function.This process is general only need be done once, after data recording is stored, just can use repeatedly.In fact this data acquisition also is that a variable is hinted obliquely at process, and we need not go to be concerned about what the concrete data content (numeric data code) after variable is hinted obliquely at is, what we were concerned about is whether this data acquisition is correct on earth.Data acquisition board is exactly ADC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) analog to digital converter of a tape input output interface, and input generally is an analog signal, is output as digital signal.If need not be with the instrument of digital signal output interface, and can carry out the illuminating lamp data acquisition too with the common simulation instrument, detailed content please be seen later analysis.

Need to prove that computer is not constantly all the working point of intelligent electric ballast to be detected and controlled, and just it is carried out monitoring at intermittence and control.Because if constantly all illuminating lamp is dynamically controlled, because the response time of control system is oversize, it is very poor that control characteristic can become, system can produce shake.

2, the grouping of city illumination control

When control centre will control illuminating lamp, control centre will send remote signal to the intelligent electric ballast of correspondence, a decoding circuit is all arranged in each intelligent electric ballast, decoding circuit at first will carry out address decoding (Address decoding) to binary coded signal, if address code is not to going up, decoder does not just have signal output; If address code is to going up, decoder is just exported 8bit binary data signal (Data-code), and this signal is exactly the remote control decoding output signal shown in Figure 31,32,33.

Different with general decoder operation principle, the decoder here has a lot of address codes, and we are defined as these address codes: common code, block code, user code, wherein, block code can also be divided into a plurality of groups.Address information in input signal, when corresponding with in a plurality of address codes of storing in the decoder any one, decoder all has data output.The purpose of doing like this is to bring convenience to control operation, for example, one tens mansion that floor is high is arranged, every layer of building all is equipped with a lot of illuminating lamps, we are when opening illuminating lamp and closing control, a variety of selections are arranged: first kind, lamps all in the building are all lighted simultaneously, or close simultaneously; Second kind, the lamp unification of every floor is lighted, or unified closing, and perhaps the lamp of every floor is pressed the room, lights simultaneously, or closes simultaneously; The third, all lamps in full building all carry out independent control, light singly, or close singly.

Obviously, above-mentioned three kinds of methods that illuminating lamp is controlled and three kinds of address coding methods in the city illumination intelligent management system have very strong corresponding relation.When requiring all illuminating lamps are controlled, use common code; When requiring only certain partial illumination lamp to be controlled, use block code; When requiring each illuminating lamp all controlled, use user code.

In the city illumination intelligent management system, preceding two kinds (common code, block codes) are used often, and the main purposes of user code is to be used for certain illuminating lamp is carried out fault inquiry.In addition, computer itself just has pair illuminating lamp function of control separately, utilizes this function to divide into groups arbitrarily to control to all illuminating lamps.Also have, the address code of coding line amplifier also belongs to block code, and this address code can corresponding uses with city zoning, is convenient to subregion control and inquires about.

In order to make circuit simple and reduce cost, coding circuit in the intelligent high-power electric ballast when answering the fault inquiry of control centre, does not have the attribute information of this intelligent high-power electric ballast in the recall signal, promptly do not carry out geocoding, and only carry out the fault message coding.This fault message coding and decoding circuit are very simple, when the computer data processing system of control centre need carry out fault inquiry to certain illuminating lamp, at first the illuminating lamp that will inquire about is sent the user code request signal, because the user code of the intelligent high-power electric ballast of being inquired about is unique, therefore have only the decoder in the illuminating lamp of being inquired about that decoded signal output is just arranged.Then with the coding circuit work in the decoding output signal triggering electric ballast, coding circuit only need be answered a very simple Morse telegraphy coded signal (length sign indicating number), promptly a pulse-modulated signal computer data processing system can reliably be deciphered or discern gets final product.After computer data processing system is received recall signal, promptly know it is that fault has appearred in the illuminating lamp of certain numbering.Can fault not arranged this illuminating lamp of indirect proof if receive recall signal yet.

For the illuminating lamp that uses a teleswitch or the button controller carries out control operation, can't carry out fault inquiry, because this mode of operation does not have display, can't know whose inquiry.Therefore, for the illuminating lamp product that uses a teleswitch or the button controller carries out control operation, do not need to use user code, this makes encoder and decoder circuit become very simple, because the coding of common code and block code seldom, generally have only several groups to tens groups.

3, the foundation of intelligent control center and management software design

The selection in city illumination intelligent control center geographical position is very important, if the position of control centre is selected in the center of illuminating line network, keying line scatters as solar radiation is outside, and circuit amplifies (relaying amplification) progression and can reduce much so.Such as being both 100 kilometers, build a relay station every 10 kilometers, if need build 10 relay stations altogether since an end, and from central authorities, then each end only need be built 5 relay stations.Obviously control centre is built in central authorities and want rationally, one is easy block encoding, and inquiry is got up easier, and another is that the signal to noise ratio of received signal can improve a lot, is not easy disturbed.Because line amplifier itself also can produce noise, also have each section circuit itself also can produce interfering noise, these noises can produce stack after amplifying through multistage circuit.Suppose that every grade of line amplifier can produce the 2db noise signal, after 10 grades of circuits amplified, signal to noise ratio will reduce 20db, and the signal to noise ratio of 5 grades of circuit amplifications only reduces 10db, and promptly latter's relative sensitivity is than the former high 10db.

The city illumination lamp is carried out Based Intelligent Control or fault inquiry, need with a PC computer.The illuminator management software can be write a graphical interfaces with the VIEWBASIC programming software, and then link with a toy data base management software, program and data to the city illumination lamp is controlled are stored among this database management language all.The graphical interfaces of illuminator management software is the picture of a band city illumination circuit electronic chart, and map is divided into a lot of controlled areas, distinguishes all corresponding group address coding of the illuminating lamp in each controlled area with different colours (4 look).In the time need controlling to the illuminating lamp of certain controlled area, can on electronic chart, select with Genius mouse, selecteed local color relation changes, the local color that illuminating lamp is lighted also the tip for brightening.Electronic chart can dwindle and amplify, and when electronic chart being dwindled and amplify, the corresponding address coding also and then changes.

The working curve that also shows the intelligent electric ballast power output on graphical interfaces, power output can drag cursor with Genius mouse and move, and can move the brightness of control illuminating lamp by cursor with a ceaselessly cursor demonstration of flicker.Top or the right at graphical interfaces are provided with menu icon, just can open menu with the Genius mouse clickable icon, and can select various action buttons from menu, click these knobs and just can select various operation sequences.These operation sequences mainly contain two groups, and one group is automatic control operation program, and another group is manual control operation program.

Clicking automatic control operation knob, will to eject a string automatic control content menu selective, and as best power output control, regularly brilliance control is regularly turned off the light, regularly turn on light, or the like.Timing controlled can also can be organized certain at certain illuminating lamp, or all illuminating lamp carries out timing controlled, segmentation arbitrarily in time.Automatically in fact the selection of control button is exactly oneself to compile a bit of control program on computer operation platform.

Clicking manual control operation button, also can to eject a string manual control content menu selective, increases as power, and power descends, frequency adjustment, and lamp opens or closes or the like.Manually another purposes of control is that the illuminating lamp sample is carried out data recording, is exactly in the joint of front " point control of illuminating lamp best effort ", with digital signal instrument or data acquisition board, the illuminating lamp model is carried out the process of data sampling.These sampled datas will deposit among the database management language by the mode of filling in a form all.When computer need be controlled illuminating lamp, data that in fact to be exactly computer take out from table changed into remote signal again and export intelligent electric ballast is controlled.

Inquiry can be inquired about automatically to illuminating lamp, also can semi-automatic inquiry or artificial enquiry.The inquiry automatically again of some zones is selected in semi-automatic inquiry exactly earlier on electronic chart, artificial enquiry is exactly that the numbering of directly importing illuminating lamp is inquired about.

If need not be with the instrument of digital signal output interface, and can the illuminating lamp data be gathered too with the common simulation instrument, but this method must carry out simultaneously with software programming, basic principle and detailed process are as follows.

We know that substantially being used for the data that intelligent electric ballast is controlled is 8bit from Figure 31 and Figure 32 and Figure 33, and this just means that the parameter of controlling intelligent electric ballast changes and has only 256 grades of variations at most.For Figure 31 and Figure 32, these 256 grades of delta datas are not only to concentrate a data input port is controlled, but data are disperseed respectively four data input ports to be controlled.The data of each control input port are 4bit among Figure 31, are equivalent to 16 grades of variations, and the data of each control input port are 5bit among Figure 32, are equivalent to 32 grades of variations.But in fact have only two input ports, promptly connect the input port of R1 and R4 what power output control played a major role, all the other control input ports (R2, R3) though to power output control also work, be not main.The intelligent electric ballast power output is being controlled or during data sampling like this, only need programme to the data of R1 and these two input ports of R4, and the input of the D/A converting circuit data of this front, two input ports of R1 and R4 is that timesharing is selected, each constantly can only have the data of an input port to be carried out processing, as need handling at synchronization, must be that two groups of signal Synchronization change to the data of R1 and R4 input port.

Can be divided into two groups to data in the time of programming, one group is high bit code (R1 input port), and another group is Low Level Code (R4 input port).This is illustrated in when carrying out the power adjustment, it at first is the duty ratio that changes power output stage switching tube in the intelligent electric ballast, secondly just change the voltage output of PFC Switching Power Supply, and the initial value of high bit code should to be arranged on output voltage be normal value (DC400V) state.If the power output of intelligent electric ballast is directly proportional with the numerical value of remote signal coding, so, in the time will changing the duty ratio of power output stage switching tube in the intelligent electric ballast, the coding of remote signal is exactly 1111XXXX (X represents that numerical value is variable); In the time will changing the voltage output of PFC Switching Power Supply, the coding of remote signal is exactly XXXX0000.Can obtain 4bit+4bit group coding (i.e. 32 group codings) for Figure 31 like this, can obtain 5bit+5bit group coding (i.e. 64 group codings), can obtain 8bit group coding (i.e. 256 group codings) for Figure 33 for Figure 32.Will do two tables of data in database management language, first tables of data is coding-power-luminance parameter table, and second tables of data is:

We are referred to as it " Q meter ".

First hurdle of first table (table 1) is remote signal code (i.e. 32 or 64 group codings), and second hurdle of table is a power output, and third column is a lighting brightness.Allow computer export 32 (Figure 31) or 64 (Figure 32) group coding control signal respectively intelligent electric ballast is carried out power adjustments control, respectively the power output and the brightness of every group coding signal correspondence are tested with power meter and luminance meter then, and data are inserted among the form, promptly can obtain a coding-power-luminance parameter table, show curve according to just can on graphical interfaces, a draw power-brightness of the data of this table, for power output indication and manually control operation use.

According to the test result of table 1, calculate the DG differential gain of brightness and power respectively With

And ratio

Be the derivative L ' of L, and derivative L ' and power P _nProduct J=L ' * P _n, find out the maximum Jm of product J.Maximum Jm with J is the center then, and all data are sorted, and makes a tables of data (table 2).First hurdle of table 2 is remote signal codes, and code reordering is undertaken by row, and No. 1 is power output maximum P _MaxCorresponding code M ₀(its value is generally 11111111 or 1111111111), No. 2 code M ₁(its value is 11111110 or 1111111110), No. 3 code M ₂(its value is successively decreased by the next item up and 1 is tried to achieve), by that analogy; Second hurdle of table 2 is power output P of corresponding every group of remote signal code electric ballast, and No. 1 is P ₀(be P _Max), No. 2 is P ₁, The third column of table 2 is corresponding every group of remote signal code derivative L ' and power P _nProduct J _n, No. 1 is J ₀, No. 2 is J ₁...

By this method ordering, establish sequence and be discharged to J _mThe time correspondence code be M _m, m code promptly arranged, with J _mOr M _mFor continuing to arrange m code in the center, promptly total 2m remote signal code in first hurdle of table 2 also has 2m data respectively in second hurdle and the third column again.In this way the table 2 of trying to achieve we be referred to as " Q meter ", or be referred to as to control automatically list of values.Most important data are exactly the code of arranging in order in first hurdle in Q meter, and wherein most important be again near M _mNear several code datas.Its genuine computer is directly recognizable to have only the code in first hurdle in the table 2, and it is not familiar with other data, must just be familiar with after being mapped to binary code.And the unacquainted data people of computer just in time can be familiar with, and therefore, if the confession of the data owner in second hurdle in the table 2 and third column people are familiar with usefulness, that is: use during for people's programming or modification data.

When people needed computer that intelligent electric ballast is carried out the automatic control of best power output, computer was first hurdle taking-up code data M from table 2 at first ₀, promptly the power output of intelligent electric ballast is a maximum at this moment, and the purpose of doing like this is that high-pressure sodium lamp or Metal halogen lamp can be lighted rapidly, and then slowly changes the numerical value of code, and numerical value is parked in M from high to low at last _mValue on, i.e. optimum output power P _cThe point on.

Calculate function if desired the power output of intelligent electric ballast is carried out dynamic auto control, must come the illuminating lamp sample is carried out data sampling with digital signal data Acquisition Instrument (digital power meter and luminance meter), the data of storing in data that sampling is got and the computer compare then, constantly change data by computer and correct.

Because the control characteristic of the parameter of illuminating lamp or intelligent electric ballast can not be easy to or often change, therefore, for a long time come the data of his-and-hers watches 2 to upgrade with the method for artificial sample soon, or preserve a plurality of tables 2 simultaneously and call at any time for computer for the data under the different operating positions, also be a kind of very practical approach.As winter and summer table 2 data should be distinguishing, so can set up the situation that a plurality of table 2 data are specifically designed to spring, summer, autumn, winter, computer can be selected for use according to the content of the automatic his-and-hers watches 2 of calendar then.

Also must point out at last, before starting program, will be familiar with the operation principle that Figure 31, Figure 32, Figure 33 also have Figure 37, Figure 39 and Figure 45 earlier, and formulate good communication and coding protocol.There are 4 chip select signals (CE1, CE2, CE3, CE4) relevant among Figure 31 with the controlled function of intelligent electric ballast; There is 3bit relevant in the 8bit code signal of remote control decoding output among Figure 32, needs definition especially with the controlled function of intelligent electric ballast; Figure 33 is the CPU information-processing circuit, can programme with assembler language, but also will define the 8bit signal in advance; Line amplifier among Figure 45 has a decoder, and has a plurality of such line amplifiers series connection when using, and each decoder is in requisition for a group code (as Figure 37) in remote signal, so the length of remote signal also will specifically define.

Claims (12)

1, the invention relates to a kind of new technology of electric ballast---the application technology of intelligent high-power electric ballast, and the application of this technology in the city illumination intelligent management system.This great-power electronic ballast with intellectual technology, we are referred to as " intelligent high-power electric ballast ", and the illuminator of using this " intelligent high-power electric ballast " is called " illumination intelligent management system "; The main distinction of this intelligent high-power electric ballast and ordinary electronic ballast is: a data treatment circuit all is housed on each intelligent high-power electric ballast, and remote signal receives, modulation-demodulation circuit, decoding, coding circuit, utilize the transmission illumination circuit, adopt long apart from power line network communication new technology, realize communicating by letter between illumination control centre and the intelligent electric ballast, thereby, can realize multiple function control of remote illuminating lamp and fault inquiry, can also realize infrared ray or wireless remotecontrol, and can improve power factor, save the energy, prolong the useful life of illuminating lamp, increase the function of use of illuminating lamp, increase work efficiency and be convenient to equipment maintenance and management, this intelligent high-power electric ballast is mainly used in and uses high-power Metal halogen lamp, the city illumination intelligent management system of high-pressure sodium lamp, and among the large-scale public place.

2, intelligent high-power electric ballast as claimed in claim 1 and illumination intelligent management system, be with the main distinction of ordinary electronic ballast: use the lighting brightness of ordinary electronic ballast not control, and the most of the time all is operated in over-power condition, therefore waste energy, and the intelligent high-power electric ballast not only power output can control, and by the illuminating lamp sample being carried out the control of data sampling and computer, allow illuminating lamp work in brightness power ratio (brightness/power) optimum state, therefore can save the energy.The selection of illuminating lamp best operating point is obtained by following method:

At first change its power output (from low to high or from high to low) by the parameter that changes electric ballast, respectively the power P and the luminosity L of illuminating lamp sample are detected with power meter and luminance meter simultaneously, then differential is carried out in every group of brightness that measures and power data, that is: obtain every group of data (brightness L, power P) derivative dl/dp (or tangent value:

Brightness/

Power), and then the value of derivative dl/dp multiplied each other with this value of putting corresponding power p, find out maximum at last from all result of product, this is worth pairing power is exactly electric ballast optimum output power Pc.

3, as claim 1,2 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system, be with the main distinction of ordinary electronic ballast: the power of intelligent high-power electric ballast is to export by transformer, the power output transformer that this intelligent high-power electric ballast is used and the structure of common transformer and performance are all inequality, the used magnetic core of common transformer has only two windows, and the magnetic core that intelligent high-power electric ballast power output transformer is used has three windows, this magnetic core have three windows transformer we be referred to as " leakage inductance transformer ", the leakage inductance of the primary and secondary coil of leakage inductance transformer is more a lot of greatly than the leakage inductance of common transformer, the high-pressure generating circuit of intelligent high-power electric ballast utilizes the secondary leakage inductance of leakage inductance transformer and the high pressure resonant capacitance that is connected in parallel on Metal halogen lamp or high-pressure sodium lamp two ends to form, when the frequency of three times of transformer secondary output output voltage square wave or quintuple harmonics frequency and high-pressure generating circuit series resonance is identical, two ends at Metal halogen lamp or high-pressure sodium lamp will produce high pressure, and Metal halogen lamp or high-pressure sodium lamp are lighted.

4, as claim 1,2,3 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system and long apart from the power line network new technology of communicating by letter, it is characterized in that: the places different with the general lighting circuit at first are, the illuminating line that is used for intelligent illuminating system, in order to realize communication function, its input and output side all will insert high-frenquency current blocking device isolates, and prevents the remote signal escape.Because the illuminating line distance is very long, signal attenuation is serious, a line amplifier (also being relay amplifier or link amplifier) must will be installed between power network line at a certain distance come signal is carried out the relay amplification, also need between the input and output side of line amplifier to isolate with high-frenquency current blocking device.High-frenquency current blocking device is that a low pass is considered the ripple device, mainly form by high-power common mode inductance or discrete inductance and inductance capacitance parallel circuits, desirable high-frenquency current blocking device only allows the 50Hz low frequency signal to pass through, and very big to the impedance of the remote control carrier signal more than the 10KHz.

5, as claim 1,2,3,4 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system and long apart from the power line network new technology of communicate by letter, it is characterized in that: being installed on differing from line amplifier and the common carrier communication in the illuminating line, to change the relay amplifier operation principle different.The operating frequency that difference in the common carrier communication is changeed the relay amplifier input and output signal has nothing in common with each other, and the frequency of the line amplifier input and output signal that intelligent illuminating system uses is just the same, in order to avoid the interference of electric ballast operating frequency, intelligent illuminating system uses the carrier frequency of remote signal very low, has only (5 to 15KHz) about 10KHz; And the part line amplifier also has the geocoding function, can carry out geocoding with illuminating lamp, and its encoding function is to be realized by an analog switch and a decoder in the line amplifier; Also different with general link amplifier operation principle, line amplifier is made up of two groups of amplifying circuits, every group of amplifying circuit only plays amplification to the input signal of single direction, input signal to other direction then has inhibitory action, and this line amplifier is to utilize operational amplifier (or difference input amplifier) that difference mode signal is amplified and the different principle of common-mode signal amplification is realized.Signal is by two end inputs of the same name of two resistance (being called common mode input resistance) or transformer (being called the common mode input transformer), export from two ends of the same name in addition of two resistance or transformer again, be added to two inputs of operational amplifier (or difference input amplifier) respectively, this method is that common-mode signal is amplified; Only from one of them input of two inputs of operational amplifier (or difference input amplifier), this method is that difference mode signal amplifies to signal.

6, as claim 1,2,3,4,5 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system and long apart from the power line network new technology of communicating by letter, it is characterized in that: remote signal is made up of many group codings, every group coding length is 20bit, wherein 1bit is a synchronous head, 1bit is a block code, geocoding and digital coding are 8bit, also having 2bit is end code, wherein block code is to be used for allowing the decoder of coding line amplifier and intelligent electric ballast make identification usefulness, the attribute of this this group remote signal of value decision, the decoder that belongs to line amplifier or belong to intelligent electric ballast uses.An analog switch and a decoder are arranged in the codified line amplifier, the operating state of analog switch is controlled by the decoder output signal, analog switch cuts out at ordinary times, when remote signal is imported, signal at first amplifies by amplifier, be divided into two-way then, one the tunnel gives decoder deciphers, if the address code that comprises in the remote signal is just in time identical with address code in this decoder, then decoder has output, output signal just can trigger the monostable time delay circuit, produce the control wave that a width is slightly larger than follow-up remote signal width, make the analog switch conducting, follow-up remote signal could be passed through, follow-up remote signal still is the remote control coding signal, but it is next the group coding signal that belongs in the remote signal.If the attribute of follow-up remote signal block code does not change, illustrate that encode the in addition switch of line amplifier of back need continue to open, if the attribute of follow-up remote signal block code has changed, illustrate that the back is exactly an intelligent electric ballast, so follow-up signal not necessarily one or two, may be a plurality of, i.e. many group codings signal.

7, as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system and long apart from the power line network new technology of communicating by letter, it is characterized in that: remote signal can utilize two-wire to transmit in illuminating line, also can utilize single line in illuminating line, to transmit, both remote signals all need to carry out high pressure through the high pressure buffer circuit and isolate, and the high pressure buffer circuit mainly is made up of high-voltage capacitance; When remote signal is when utilizing two-wire to transmit in illuminating line, remote signal sends the two ends of output circuit can insert illuminating line to remote signal respectively by two high-voltage capacitances; When remote signal is when utilizing single line to transmit in illuminating line, the end that remote signal sends output circuit can insert illuminating line to remote signal by a high-voltage capacitance, and remote signal sends the other end of output circuit and need connect the earth; The two ends that receive input circuit in remote signal need high pressure buffer circuit (corresponding fully with transmitting terminal) too, the input and output side of line amplifier also can be regarded the reception and the transmitting terminal of remote signal as, therefore also needs to connect equally high-voltage capacitance and carries out the high pressure isolation; In order to reduce the decay of high pressure isolation capacitance to remote signal, the resonant inductance of all connecting in all high pressure isolation capacitance circuit here allows electric capacity and inductance produce series resonance, to offset the impedance of electric capacity to remote signal.

8, as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system and long apart from the power line network new technology of communicating by letter, it is characterized in that: two cover EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) isolation, filter circuit are arranged in the intelligent high-power electric ballast, one cover is that the EMI of the electrical network ac input end that has of ordinary electronic ballast isolates, filter circuit, this filter circuit is generally one or two common mode filtering inductance and one or two differential mode filter capacitor; Another set of is that the EMI that designs for remote signaling channel specially isolates, filter circuit, the EMI isolation of this cover remote signal, the Primary Component of filter circuit are the secondary coils of photoelectric coupled device (supplying the remote signal transmission to use) and accessory power supply, and common mode filtering inductance (supplying the isolated from power and the filter of remote signal reception and decoding circuit power supply).

9, as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system, be with the main distinction of ordinary electronic ballast: a P cock power supply (also claiming accessory power supply) is arranged in the intelligent high-power electric ballast, its output voltage is mainly used in remote signal receiving circuit, modulation-demodulation circuit, decoding circuit, coding circuit, data processing circuit, and control circuit and drive circuit etc.; Wherein 20V (15-20V) output is mainly used in drive circuit (power output switching tube drives), and output voltage is subjected to a switch controlled, voltage output is arranged in the time of the switching tube conducting, output voltage was turned off when switching tube ended, thereby can realize that the power output of intelligent high-power electric ballast can open and can close by remote control; The P cock power supply also has the output of two-way voltage, one the tunnel is that 5V uses for digital circuit (modulation-demodulation circuit, decoding circuit, coding circuit, data processing circuit), another road is that 12V supplies analog circuit (receiving circuit) and part digital circuit (coding circuit, data processing circuit) usefulness, and this two-way voltage output all will be isolated through a common mode filtering inductance.

10,, be with the main distinction of ordinary electronic ballast: one or two PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) pulse width modulation circuit is arranged in the intelligent high-power electric ballast as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system ,The main ballast power output circuit that supplies is as drive signal, and another supplies PFC (Power Factor corrector) power factor correction circuit as drive signal.Pwm pulse width modulation circuit circuit has 5 control signal input ports: one is operating frequency control signal input port; one is Dead Time width control signal input port; one is pwm pulse width control signal input port; these three control signal input ports are connected with the output circuit of remote signal decoding-data processing circuit respectively; also have two error signal input ports (difference input), be respectively applied for output overcurrent and overvoltage protection.The also available MPU of pwm pulse width modulation circuit (MicroprocessorUnit) microprocessor applications circuit produces; MPU microprocessor pulse width control circuit has one group of 8 bit data input port; for receiving the decoding dateout; one group of 4bit or two groups of 2bit pulse delivery outlets; supply PFC (Power Factorcorrector) power factor correction circuit and ballast power output circuit as drive signal; a data delivery outlet; be used as the output of fault inquiry recall signal; a middle fracture (or data are write inlet); also has 6 data (or error signal) input port; mouthful (an A/D mouth) preferably simulated in these six data input ports; or the sampling of the rarest simulation confession PFC power factor correction circuit is used; with burning voltage output, non-simulation mouth can only be as the circuit overvoltage; the sampling input of the control signal of state protections such as overcurrent.

11, as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system and long apart from the power line network new technology of communicating by letter, it is characterized in that: the city illumination lamp is carried out Based Intelligent Control or fault inquiry, need with a PC computer, the illuminator management software can be used graphical interfaces of graphical programming software programming, this graphical interfaces links with a toy data base management software more then, program and data that the city illumination lamp is controlled, be stored in all among this database management language, the graphical interfaces of illuminator management software is the picture of a band city illumination circuit electronic chart, map is divided into a lot of controlled areas, distinguish with different colours (4 look), the all corresponding group address coding of illuminating lamp in each controlled area, in the time need controlling to the illuminating lamp of certain controlled area, can on electronic chart, select with Genius mouse, local color relation on selected changes, the local color that illuminating lamp is lighted also brightens, electronic chart can dwindle and amplify, when electronic chart being dwindled and amplifies, the corresponding address coding also and then changes, the working curve that on graphical interfaces, also shows the intelligent electric ballast power output, power output shows with a cursor that ceaselessly glimmers, can drag cursor with Genius mouse moves, and the brightness that can move the control illuminating lamp by cursor, top or the right at graphical interfaces are provided with menu icon, just can open menu with the Genius mouse clickable icon, and can from menu, select various action buttons, click these knobs and just can select various operation sequences; When intelligent electric ballast was carried out fault inquiry, intelligent electric ballast was answered with morse telegraph code (Morse Code) mode, answered the modulating pulse identification signal of a different in width promptly only for the inquiry end.

12, as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 described intelligent high-power electric ballasts and illumination intelligent management system and long, it is characterized in that: with the two ends that intelligent electric ballast communicates a transmission signal and received signal split circuit are arranged all in illumination control centre (computer data processing system) apart from the power line network new technology of communicate by letter.Sending signal and received signal split circuit mainly is made up of two groups of amplifying circuits, every group of amplifying circuit only plays amplification to the input signal of single direction, input signal to other direction then has inhibitory action, this line amplifier is to utilize operational amplifier (or difference input amplifier) that difference mode signal is amplified and the different principle of common-mode signal amplification is realized, signal is by two end inputs of the same name of two resistance or transformer, export from two ends of the same name in addition of two resistance or transformer again, be added to two inputs of operational amplifier (or difference input amplifier) respectively, this method is that common-mode signal is amplified; Only from one of them input of two inputs of operational amplifier (or difference input amplifier), this method is that difference mode signal amplifies to signal.

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