CN1568417A - 用于热水供暖和空气调节的高效能热泵系统 - Google Patents
用于热水供暖和空气调节的高效能热泵系统 Download PDFInfo
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- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于提供热水供暖和空气调节的热泵系统,包括:用于在系统中循环制冷剂的一个或多个压缩机(1);具有热交换器(3)用于加热并储存热水的热水箱(2);用于分别在空气冷却或热水供暖和/或空气加热运行模式下,向室外环境排热或从室外环境取热的室外热交换器(4)和风机(5);具有风机(9)用于室内空间空调和送风的室内热交换器(8)。该系统特别适合应用于需要全年热水供暖和房屋冷却的场合。该系统还可适用于其它场合,例如有季节性空气冷却的全年热水供暖,或有季节性空气冷却和加热的全年热水供暖等,该系统还用于不同应用场合,例如空间同时加热和冷却。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热泵系统,特别涉及用于提供有全年空气冷却、或季节性空气冷却、或季节性空气冷却和加热的全年热水供暖的高效能热泵系统。
背景技术
整个说明书对现有技术的任何讨论,决不应认为是承认这种现有技术广为人知,或者构成本领域中普通常识的一部分。
美国专利NO.4,766,734描述了一种用于空气调节,舒适区供暖,和热水供暖的热泵系统。基于这种系统,美国专利NO.5,050,394描述了一种用于空气调节和热水供暖的改进型热泵系统。通常,用于空气调节和热水供暖的热泵包括:用于在系统中循环制冷剂的压缩机,用于加热水的热水热交换器,用于空调和送风到被调节空间的室内热交换器,以及具有用于向室外环境散热或从室外环境取热的室外风机的室外热交换器。美国专利NO.5,050,394中所公开的系统的新颖方面在于,其还包括用于根据冷却负荷来控制压缩机转速的装置。在传统的系统中,从压缩机排出的制冷剂首先进入热水热交换器,然后传到室外热交换器。在US5,050,394中叙述了这种系统可以在全冷凝模式下运行,其中室外风机被关闭,且从制冷剂释放的热量中大部分被用于热水供暖,这种系统还可以在过热蒸汽降温模式下运行,其中室外风机被接通,从而从制冷剂释放的热量中大部分被室外热交换器传递给室外空气。然而,这种系统的问题之一是,在假定过热蒸汽降温模式下,部分冷凝可能发生在热水热交换器中。这意味着系统的冷凝器温度将升到不必要的高温(高于热水的温度),这就会使系统低效运行。另一方面,比需要保持水温更多的热量可能被连续不断地传递给水,这就会使水温高于给定值,且水温越高,压缩机的温度就越高,这对压缩机造成损害。因此,最好是克服上述问题,使用于热水供暖和空气调节的热泵系统能更高效和可靠地运行。
另外,最理想的是提供用于热水供暖和空气调节的热泵系统可以调节,以便在经济实用和彼此影响不大的情况下,满足不同的供暖和冷却负荷。也就是当供暖负荷变化时,该系统应能调节,以适于毫不影响冷却侧,当冷却负荷变化时,该系统也应能调节,以适于毫不影响加热侧。
此外,进一步理想的是提供用于热水供暖和空气调节的高效能热泵系统可以调节,以在不同要求的模式下运行,例如:全年热水供暖和空气冷却,全年热水供暖和季节性空气冷却,全年热水供暖和季节性空气冷却及加热。
本发明的一个目的是克服或改善现有技术的至少缺点之一,或提供有用的替代方式。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于提供热水供暖和空气调节的热泵系统,包括:用于在系统中循环制冷剂的一个或多个压缩机;具有热交换器用于加热并储存热水的热水箱;用于分别在空气冷却或热水供暖和/或空气加热运行模式下,向室外环境排热或从室外环境取热的室外热交换器和风机;具有风机用于室内空间空调和送风的室内热交换器。
按照本发明的一方面,当水需要加热时,从压缩机排出的高温制冷剂蒸气首先进入水热交换器,对水加热,同时制冷剂蒸气被冷却为液体或过冷液态,然后到达室外热交换器进一步冷却。当水被加热到预定值之后,从压缩机排出的制冷剂蒸气便直接传到室外热交换器,从而将热量排到周围空气中。通过这种方式,可以获得低的冷凝器温度。
按照本发明的另一方面,当排出盘管的制冷剂温度高于周围空气一定量时,室外风机便接通,优选的是,室外风机的转速与温差的幅度成正比变化。这样,制冷剂可冷却到相对恒定的温度,从而不管供暖负荷如何变化,对冷却侧也毫不影响。优选的是,送风机和/或压缩机也可对应于冷却负荷变速运转,例如,对室内恒温器给定值与空间的温度之差加以调节。
有利的是,该系统特别适合应用于需要全年热水供暖和房屋冷却的场合。该系统还适用于其它场合,例如,有季节性空气冷却的全年热水供暖,或有季节性空气冷却和加热的全年热水供暖等,该系统还用于不同应用场合,例如空间同时加热和冷却。
按照本发明的一方面,制冷剂从压缩机的排出有两种方式。当水需要加热时,从压缩机排出的制冷剂首先进入水热交换器,对水加热,而后传到室外热交换器,进一步冷却。在水被加热到预定温度之后,从压缩机排出的制冷剂便直接走旁路/转向到室外热交换器,制冷剂的路径由控制器和一个或多个连带的阀控制。优选的是,所述预定温度在60℃到65℃之间的范围内。由于室外环境的温度大大低于热水的温度,从而可以获得低的冷凝器温度。当蒸发器温度给定时,冷凝器温度越低,系统效率就越高。因此,这种配置提供了高效能的运行模式。如果室外热交换器是盘管,那么当排出盘管的制冷剂温度超过周围空气温度一定量时,室外风机便接通。
按照本发明的另一方面,室外排气风机的转速优选是与排出盘管的制冷剂与周围空气之间温差的幅度成正比变化。这样,制冷剂几乎被冷却成与节约风机功率消耗量相同的幅度。与加热的水相比,室外空气的温度变化很小,因此被冷却的制冷剂温度也变化不大,而且即使热水供暖负荷有变化(随着冷凝器温度),对冷却侧也毫不影响。
根据水冷壁或水箱壁恒温器或热传感器的信号,可由控制器提供控制从压缩机排出的制冷剂路径的信号。
根据从室外盘管排出的制冷剂和周围空气温度传感器的信号,可由控制器提供控制室外排气风机转速的信号。根据试验显示,在较短的时间内(一般在机器启动后两三分钟),从水加热器排出的制冷剂的温度超过周围空气的温度。当温差大于一定预定值时,室外风机开始运转。温差越大,风机运转越快。
除非上下文有明确要求,在整个说明书和权利要求书中,词语‘包括’,‘具有’,以及类似用语,将解释为包含的意义,与排除或排出含义相反;也就是说,含义为“包括,但不限于”。
附图说明
下面将参照图1仅作为示例对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,图1是本发明热泵系统的原理图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的热泵系统的优选实施例包括:压缩机1;热水箱2;加热水的热交换器3(水热交换器),其通过管道21,22和管道22上的阀12连接到压缩机1;室外热交换器4,其通过管道23和该管道与管道25上的阀连接到水热交换器3,而且它还通过管道24和该管道与管道25上的阀14连接到压缩机1;过滤器/干燥器/蓄热器6,其通过管道26连接到室外热交换器4;室内热交换器8,其通过管道27、膨胀装置7和管道28连接到过滤器/干燥器/蓄热器6,并且通过管道29以及该管道上或许有的抽吸式过滤器/容器10连接到压缩机1,从而完成回路。
所述室外热交换器4优选是肋片盘管型,且具有风机5,如果采用空气作为热源或热沟,则该风机用于吹送或吸取穿过所述肋片盘管的空气。风机5的运行转速根据控制器11来的信号而变化。应当注意,虽然所述室外热交换器4一般位于室外,但其还可位于某些室内空间,但不应将出热能(热或冷空气)排到由所谓的‘室内热交换器’所调节的同一空间,或者到来自热交换器不能采用的热或冷空气的空间。
优选的是,所述室内热交换器8也是肋片盘管型,其具有风机,用于吹送或吸取穿过所述肋片盘管的空气。在本发明中可能采用的风机强制肋片盘管热交换器示例在1996年4月10日提出的澳大利亚专利申请NO.PN9202和1997年4月9日提出的澳大利亚已完成专利申请NO.17803/97中有所描述,上述专利申请的内容作为参考包含在本文中。
压缩机1可由电力驱动。在使用中,压缩机1设置成在热泵系统中循环制冷剂流体。所述压缩机经过管道29,从室内热交换器8(或从过滤器/容器10)抽取制冷剂。从压缩机1排出的制冷剂的流路按以下方式前进。当水需要加热时,从压缩机1排出的高温制冷剂蒸汽首先经过管道21和22进入水热交换器3,以加热水,同时制冷剂蒸汽冷却成液体或过冷液态,然后经过管道23和25送到室外热交换器4(阀12和13打开,阀14关闭),进一步冷却。在水被加热到预定值(例如60℃)之后,通过关闭所述阀12和13,将所述水热交换器隔离,而从压缩机1排出的制冷剂蒸汽便直接传到室外热交换器4,从而将热量排到周围空气中(阀12和13关闭,阀14打开)。由于室外环境(水或空气)的温度大大低于热水的温度,因此来自水热交换器3的制冷剂可以被进一步冷却,而当水被加热时,所述制冷剂直接被低温室外环境冷却,从而可以获得低的冷凝器温度。在相同的蒸发器温度下,冷凝器温度越低,系统的效率就越高。因此,这种配置结果形成高效能模式。所述阀由控制器11控制,该控制器连接到用于检测水冷壁或水箱壁温度的热传感器或恒温器14上。
如果所述室外热交换器4为盘管,当排出盘管4的制冷剂温度超过周围空气温度一定量时,室外风机5便接通,而室外风机5的转速优选是可与温差幅度成正比变化,即温差越大,风机转速越快。通过这种方式,制冷剂几乎被冷却成与节约风机功率消耗量相同的幅度(象其被设计的那样)。与加热的水相比,室外空气温度变化很小,因此被冷却的制冷剂温度变化不大,而且即使热水供暖负荷有变化(随着冷凝器温度),对冷却侧也毫不影响。控制器1根据制冷剂温度传感器16和室外温度传感器17检测的信号,来控制室外风机5。
然后,被冷却的制冷剂液体被膨胀装置7强迫膨胀,该膨胀装置可包括节流限制或膨胀阀或其它装置。在膨胀装置7之后,制冷剂的压力下降,从而其温度下降。制冷剂的温度低于热源(例如要调节的室内空气)的温度,这时,热量从热源(例如室内空气)传递给室内热交换器8的制冷剂。制冷剂被蒸发或甚至是过热,同时空气被冷却。风机9迫使空气以一定速度穿过盘管8,以增强热传导效果,并将冷却空气吹送到其它空间,以使要调节的空间温度分布均匀。为了使系统有效地响应空气调节负荷,压缩机1还构造成变速运转,使其运行转速与冷却负荷相关联;例如对室内恒温器给定值与空间的温度之差加以调节。
本发明的热泵系统特别适合应用于需要日常热水和全年房屋冷却的场合。该系统还适合于其它场合,例如有季节性空气冷却的全年热水供暖,或有季节性空气冷却和加热的全年热水供暖。
本发明的热泵系统还可用于同时全年热水供暖和冷却及加热。例如,在某些建筑物中,在冬季,内部区需要冷却,而外部区需要加热。通过使用另外排到室外环境的热量,可以补充加热。在使用该系统时,还可以有其它改变。例如,从室外进入的空气还可用从被调节空间排出的空气预先冷却或预先加热,而且从被调节空间或从进气/排气热交换器排出的空气还可供给室外热交换器。
虽然,已参照特定示例对本发明进行了说明,但本领域普通技术人员应当理解,本发明还可以许多其它形式实施。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于提供热水供暖和空气调节的热泵系统,包括:用于在系统中循环制冷剂的一个或多个压缩机、具有热交换器用于加热并储存热水的热水箱、用于分别在空气冷却或热水供暖和/或空气加热运行模式下,向室外环境或从室外环境取热的室外热交换器和风机;具有风机用于空气调节和向室内空间送风的室内热交换器。
2.如权利要求1所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,当从压缩机排出的热水供暖高温制冷剂蒸汽首先进入水热交换器对水加热时,同时所述制冷剂蒸汽被冷却成液体或过冷液态,然后送到室外热交换器进一步冷却。
3.如权利要求2所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,在水被加热到预定温度之后,从压缩机排出的制冷剂蒸汽被直接传到室外热交换器,以便将热量排出到周围空气。
4.如权利要求3所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,所述预定温度在60℃到65℃的范围内。
5.如权利要求1所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,当排出盘管的制冷剂温度高于周围空气预定量时,所述室外风机便启动。
6.如权利要求5所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,室外风机的转速与温差的幅度成正比变化,所述温差是排出盘管的制冷剂与周围空气之间的温差。
7.如前述权利要求中任意一项所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,所述送风机的运行转速根据冷却负荷的可变速。
8.如前述权利要求中任意一项所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,所述一个或多个压缩机根据冷却负荷可变速运转。
9.如前述权利要求中任意一项所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,所述室外热交换器是肋片盘管型。
10.如前述权利要求中任意一项所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,所述室内热交换器是肋片盘管型。
11.如前述权利要求中任意一项所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,控制器根据来自热传感器或恒温器的信号提供控制从压缩机排出的制冷剂路径的信号。
12.如前述权利要求中任意一项所述的热泵系统,其特征在于,控制器根据来自温度传感器测量排出室外盘管的制冷剂和周围空气的温度的信号而提供控制室外排风机转速的信号。
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- 2002-12-12 EP EP02782514A patent/EP1454099A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-12 JP JP2003551464A patent/JP2005512011A/ja active Pending
- 2002-12-12 KR KR10-2004-7008566A patent/KR20040062668A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-12 CN CNA028201965A patent/CN1568417A/zh active Pending
- 2002-12-12 US US10/498,397 patent/US7155922B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-12 CA CA002467058A patent/CA2467058A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-12 WO PCT/AU2002/001683 patent/WO2003050457A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-12 NZ NZ532966A patent/NZ532966A/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-05-13 ZA ZA200403674A patent/ZA200403674B/en unknown
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102168899A (zh) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-08-31 | 三星电子株式会社 | 热泵系统及其控制方法 |
CN103026150A (zh) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-04-03 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 空调热水供给系统 |
CN103026150B (zh) * | 2010-07-29 | 2015-06-03 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 空调热水供给系统 |
CN105518397A (zh) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-04-20 | 瑞美制造公司 | 采用来自空气调节系统的制冷剂加热水的装置和方法 |
CN105518397B (zh) * | 2013-03-13 | 2017-12-26 | 瑞美制造公司 | 采用来自空气调节系统的制冷剂加热水的装置和方法 |
US9879881B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2018-01-30 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and methods for heating water with refrigerant from air conditioning system |
US9945582B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2018-04-17 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and methods for pre-heating water with air conditioning unit or heat pump |
US10871307B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2020-12-22 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and methods for heating water with refrigerant from air conditioning system |
US9945587B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2018-04-17 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and method for hybrid water heating and air cooling and control thereof |
US10041702B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2018-08-07 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and method for hybrid water heating and air cooling and control thereof |
CN104964482A (zh) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 段启发 | 一种空气能加热与制冷空调一体机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050109490A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
WO2003050457A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
US7155922B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 |
CA2467058A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
EP1454099A1 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
NZ532966A (en) | 2005-12-23 |
JP2005512011A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
ZA200403674B (en) | 2005-05-13 |
KR20040062668A (ko) | 2004-07-07 |
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