CN1546269A - Novel process of liquid phase impact diffusion welding for aluminium-based composite material - Google Patents
Novel process of liquid phase impact diffusion welding for aluminium-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1546269A CN1546269A CNA2003101182460A CN200310118246A CN1546269A CN 1546269 A CN1546269 A CN 1546269A CN A2003101182460 A CNA2003101182460 A CN A2003101182460A CN 200310118246 A CN200310118246 A CN 200310118246A CN 1546269 A CN1546269 A CN 1546269A
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Abstract
The invention proposes a new aluminium compound material liquid phase impacting diffusion welding process which belongs to diffusion welding technology field. The invention solves the low quality of aluminium compound material diffusion welding. The invention mainly includes: the welding thermal reservation selection is in the aluminium compound material liquid and solid phase temperature period, in the temperature range whose liquid phase volume piece-rate is 20-35% correspondent to the base body liquid phase, the thermal reservation time is 30 seconds, at first applies initial welding pressure is 5MPa, the impacting pressure is 80-120MPa, the impacting speed is applied after the welding temperature thermal reservation for 5-10 seconds, the impacting temperature is 350-700mm/s. the impacting allying time interval is 0.0001-0.01 seconds. The invention applies to aluminium compound material made up of aluminum material 6061, 6063, 2014, 2A12, 5A06, 6A02, 7A04, ZL101, ZL102 and enhancing material SiC, Al2O3, TiC, AIN.
Description
Technical field
The aluminum matrix composite liquid phase that the present invention proposes is impacted the diffusion technology for welding technical field that the Diffusion Welding new technology belongs to metal; The diffusion welding (DW) that specially refers to aluminum matrix composite connects technology.
Background technology
Aluminum matrix composite has suitable application and has huge potential using value at space flight, aviation, military affairs and civil area owing to its excellent comprehensive performances, the research of its weldability has been caused the great attention of China and countries in the world, but, the physics and the chemical property difference that constitute two kinds of material-alumina-base materials of aluminum matrix composite and reinforcing material are big, cause its weldability very poor.
Someone utilizes the alloy matrix aluminum of aluminum matrix composite to carry out Diffusion Welding connection, for example aluminum matrix composite Al as the intermediate layer
2O
3p/ 6061Al, utilize its matrix material aluminium alloy 6061 to do the intermediate layer and carry out the vacuum diffusion welding connection, the result shows can obtain being connected of aluminium alloy interlayers and above-mentioned aluminum matrix composite, but strength of joint is undesirable, and " not having the facies tract of enhancing " appearred in its faying face microstructure owing to add aluminium alloy interlayers, so just destroyed the globality of welding point tissue, thereby obviously reduced the mechanical property of aluminum matrix composite joint, wherein particularly strength of joint descends.
The somebody adopts Cu to carry out the instantaneous liquid-phase diffusion welding of aluminum matrix composite as the intermediate layer, because the diffusion of Cu intermediate layer is inhomogeneous, easily produces the fragility phase in joint area, thereby has greatly reduced strength of joint.
Connect the problem that occurs at above-mentioned aluminum matrix composite, the patent No. of having authorized is the welded connection technology that the patent of invention " a kind of diffusion technology for welding of aluminum matrix composite " of 00107203.X has proposed a kind of new aluminum matrix composite, this technology mainly comprises: it is in the temperature range of 20-35% that diffusion welding (DW) connects in liquid that welding temperature in the technology should be chosen in this aluminum matrix composite, the solid-state temperature interval corresponding to its matrix liquid phase volume branch rate, and all the other standard parameters of diffusion welding (DW) are: vacuum 1.33 * 10
-1～1.33 * 10
-2Pa, welding pressure 4-6Mpa, 30 minutes weld intervals.
This method can significantly be improved the quality of weld joint of aluminum matrix composite, and wild phase combines well with matrix, and strength of joint obviously increases.
The subject matter that the diffusion welding method of the aluminum matrix composite that the patent of invention of patent No. 00107203.X proposes exists is 30 minutes weld intervals, weld interval is longer, not only spend big long weld interval on welding equipment, the energy, and organizing of long butt welding head is also unfavorable, often be easy to generate harmful phase, influence joint quality, FS final spice intensity is difficult to continue to improve.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency in the background technology, the objective of the invention is to propose the new technology that a kind of diffusion welding (DW) of aluminum matrix composite connects, thereby further improve welding quality.
Purpose of the present invention reaches by following technical scheme.
1, a kind of aluminum matrix composite liquid phase is impacted diffusion welding (DW) connection technology, aluminum matrix composite is made up of the reinforcing material that alumina-base material and disperse mix in it, the welding holding temperature is chosen in the liquid, solid-state temperature interval of this aluminum matrix composite in the welding procedure, and corresponding to its matrix liquid phase volume branch rate is in the temperature range of 20-35%, and vacuum is 4 * 10
-1Pa, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned welding holding temperature scope, the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, at first applying initial welding pressure is 5Mpa, and surge is 80-120Mpa, and impact velocity puts on welding temperature insulation beginning back 5-10 in second, impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, and the impact velocity application time is spaced apart 0.0001-0.01 second.
2, when utilizing said welding method welding of aluminum based composites SiCp/ZL101, the welding holding temperature is 568-572 ℃, this temperature is 20-35% corresponding to matrix liquid phase volume branch rate in this kind aluminum matrix composite, the welding initial pressure is 5Mpa, the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, impact velocity puts on welding temperature and begins to be incubated back 5-10 in second, surge is 80-100Mpa, the surge application time is spaced apart 0.0001-0.01 second, impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, weldering is finished, and strength of joint is 179Mpa.
3, when utilizing said welding method welding of aluminum based composites SiCp/6061Al, the welding holding temperature is 618-626 ℃, this temperature is 20-35% corresponding to matrix liquid phase volume branch rate in this kind aluminum matrix composite, the welding initial pressure is 5Mpa, the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, impact velocity puts on welding temperature and begins to be incubated back 5-10 in second, surge is 82-110Mpa, the surge application time is spaced apart 0.0001-0.01 second, impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, weldering is finished, and strength of joint is 260Mpa.
4, when utilizing said welding method welding of aluminum based composites Al
2O
3pDuring/6061Al, the welding holding temperature is 640-647 ℃, this temperature is 20-35% corresponding to matrix liquid phase volume branch rate in this kind aluminum matrix composite, and the welding initial pressure is 5Mpa, and the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, impact velocity puts on welding temperature and begins to be incubated back 5-10 in second, surge is 80-120Mpa, and the surge application time is spaced apart 0.0001-0.01 second, and impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, weldering is finished, and strength of joint is 282Mpa.
5, when the welding technique welding of aluminum based composites SiCp/2A12 that utilizes above-mentioned 1, the welding holding temperature is 580-623 ℃, this temperature is 20-35% corresponding to matrix liquid phase volume branch rate, and the welding initial pressure is 5Mpa, surge 80-105Mpa, impact velocity puts on welding temperature insulation beginning back 5-10 in second, impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, and the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, and the impact velocity application time is 0.0001-0.01 second, weldering is finished, and strength of joint is 335Mpa.
6, above-mentioned 1 welding technique is applicable to by alumina-base material and disperse and mixes the aluminum matrix composite that the reinforcing material in it is formed, and wherein, alumina-base material is 6061,6063,2014,2A12,5A06,6A02,7A04, ZL101, ZL104; Reinforcing material is SiC, Al
2O
3, TiC, AlN.
The aluminum matrix composite liquid phase that the present invention proposes is impacted the Diffusion Welding new technology and is actually development and the raising that the patent No. is the 00107203.X patent of invention, the welding temperature that this patent still adopts the 00107203.X patent to propose is chosen in the liquid of this aluminum matrix composite, the solid-state temperature interval be in the temperature range of 20-35% corresponding to its matrix liquid phase volume branch rate, but, in order to improve welding quality, obviously shortened to 30 seconds original 30 minutes weld interval, and fix the welding pressure that applies and be improved to and apply welding initial pressure and surge, and the application time of percussion pressure former, the speed that applies has all been done strict qualification.
Like this, the welding technology that the present invention proposes is compared with the process that the patent of invention of patent No. 00107203.X proposes can obviously improve joint quality and strength of joint, and obviously shortens weld interval, enhances productivity.
Description of drawings
The aluminum matrix composite liquid phase that Fig. 1 the present invention proposes is impacted the principle schematic of Diffusion Welding new technology;
Fig. 2 welds the graph of a relation of initial pressure and strength of joint;
Adopt the schematic diagram of different impact velocity application times in Fig. 3 aluminum matrix composite SiCp/ZL101 welding procedure;
Fracture apperance under the electron microscope of the corresponding welding point of the best impact velocity application time of Fig. 4 (welding temperature insulation back 5-10 second);
The graph of a relation of Fig. 5 impact velocity and strength of joint;
The graph of a relation of Fig. 6 welding temperature temperature retention time and strength of joint;
At first explanation, aluminum matrix composite is made up of the reinforcing material that alumina-base material and disperse mix in it.SiCp represents to be granular SiC.
Represent as Fig. 1, the principle of this welding procedure is, the welding temperature of selecting is to be in the temperature range of 20-35% corresponding to its matrix liquid phase volume branch rate between the liquid of the aluminum matrix composite that is welded, solid-state temperature, in the interval of above-mentioned welding temperature insulation, apply a surge Pt, thereby realize by the good combination between the weldering aluminum matrix composite workpiece.
Fig. 2 represents to weld the graph of a relation of initial pressure and strength of joint.The experimental condition of this graph of a relation is: adopt aluminum matrix composite SiCp/ZL101 to make welded piece, thickness of workpiece δ=1mm, T=570 ℃ of welding holding temperature, the matrix liquid phase volume of this temperature and aluminum matrix composite SiCp/ZL101 divides rate 20-35% corresponding, welding temperature temperature retention time t=30 second, impact velocity V
1=560mm/ second, surge is 80-100Mpa, and vacuum is 4 * 10
-1Pa, the welding initial pressure is 5Mpa.Can clearly find out from Fig. 2, beginning, along with the initial pressure value increases, strength of joint constantly increases, and strength of joint reaches maximum 179Mpa, however when the weldering initial pressure continued to increase, strength of joint descended on the contrary.
So selecting the welding initial pressure during welding is 5Mpa.
Fig. 3 has represented to adopt the schematic diagram of different impact velocity application times in aluminum matrix composite SiCp/ZL101 welding procedure.
Welded piece is aluminum matrix composite SiCp/ZL101,570 ℃ of welding holding temperatures, in temperature retention time is that 0-5 is when applying impact velocity in the time of second and welding, be impact I situation shown in Figure 3, because the welding temperature retention time is short, welded piece has little time to form enough matrix liquid phases, and matrix liquid phase skewness, this moment, wild phase can not well combine with the matrix liquid phase in the joint when applying an impulsive force fast, and joint performance is not good as a result.
When impact velocity is that 5-10 after welding temperature insulation beginning is when carrying out in second, impact II situation as shown in Figure 3, this moment, welded piece was owing to sufficient matrix liquid phase is provided, under the effect of impact velocity, wild phase forms good binding mutually with matrix, thereby joint performance is good.
When the impact velocity application time is when welding temperature insulation surpasses 10 seconds, the situation of impact III as shown in Figure 3, at this moment, because the welded piece thermal treatment zone enlarges, rigidity descends, at this moment under the impact velocity effect, the welded piece distortion also produces slippage, thereby can not form normal weld seam.
Therefore, when the application time of impact velocity is 5-10 after welding temperature begins to be incubated during second, matrix combines best with wild phase, joint performance the best, and strength of joint is the highest.
Fig. 4 represents to adopt the electron microscope fracture apperance of the welding point that best impact velocity application time (welding temperature insulation back 5-10 second) obtains.From this fracture apperance as can be seen, because welded piece is in the insulation of following long period of welding temperature, surface of the work has sufficient matrix liquid phase, cooperate again with suitable impact velocity, finally formed the joint of good combination, substantially do not have exposed wild phase particle, fracture is certain toughness, and is attached with parent metal on the wild phase particle.
The impact velocity that applies when Fig. 5 represents to weld and the graph of a relation of strength of joint.
Materials to be welded is aluminum matrix composite SiCp/ZL101, and employing is the corresponding welding temperature T=570 of 20-35% ℃ with matrix liquid phase volume branch rate welds, and temperature retention time is t=30 second, welding initial pressure P
0=5Mpa, surge is 80-100Mpa, adopt the workpiece of four kinds of thickness of thickness δ=0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm and 2mm to weld respectively, the result as shown in Figure 5, from figure, can clearly be seen that, when impact velocity less than 70mm/ during second, strength of joint is minimum, with the increase of impact velocity, the intensity of joint also increases substantially thereupon.When impact velocity excessive, greater than 700mm/ during second, strength of joint obviously reduces on the contrary, this is because impact velocity when excessive, a large amount of matrix liquid phases are extruded weld seam, make joint area not have enough matrix liquid phases to soak into wild phase, cause a large amount of wild phases of joint area to assemble, strength of joint obviously descends on the contrary.As can be seen from Figure 5, impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, the strength of joint maximum, and four kinds of workpiece of different-thickness have shown roughly the same rule.
Fig. 6 represents to weld graph of a relation between temperature retention time and the strength of joint.Welded piece is aluminum matrix composite SiCp/ZL101, and welding temperature T=570 ℃, the matrix liquid phase volume of this temperature and this kind aluminum matrix composite divides rate 20-35% corresponding.Impact velocity V
1=560mm/ second, welding initial pressure P
0=5Mpa, surge is 80-100Mpa, thickness of workpiece δ=1mm.Express as Fig. 6, in the welding temperature retention time 0-30 interval of second, strength of joint increases in time and improves gradually, and this is because along with temperature retention time increases, the atom diffusion depth of welded piece increases, when being incubated 30 seconds, strength of joint is the highest, along with the further prolongation of temperature retention time, because the increase at workpiece heating position, a large amount of liquid phases appear in the welded piece, promptly so-called " being in a sweat all over " phenomenon, thus cause strength of joint to descend.
Therefore welding temperature retention time is chosen to be 30 seconds.
The specific embodiment
1. the aluminum matrix composite liquid phase that adopts the present invention to propose is impacted Diffusion Welding new technology welding of aluminum based composites SiCp/ZL101, thickness of workpiece 1mm, reinforcing material SiC particle mean size is 12mm, and is the graininess distribution, adopt banjo fixing butt jointing, vacuum 4 * 10
-1Pa, 568-572 ℃ of welding holding temperature, this temperature and this aluminum matrix composite matrix liquid phase volume divide rate 20-35% corresponding, welding initial pressure 5Mpa, the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, surge is 80-100Mpa, and impact velocity puts on welding temperature and begins to be incubated back 5-10 in second, and the impact velocity application time is spaced apart 0.0001-0.01 second, weldering is finished, strength of joint is 179Mpa, near strength of parent 74.6%, and distortion＜3%.
2. it is SiCp/6061Al that the aluminum matrix composite liquid phase that adopts the present invention to propose is impacted diffusion welding craft method welded piece, and thickness of workpiece is 1mm, and wild phase SiCp particle mean size is 5 μ m, and is the graininess distribution, adopts banjo fixing butt jointing, vacuum 4 * 10
-1Pa, 618-626 ℃ of welding holding temperature, this holding temperature is corresponding to being divided rate 20-35% by matrix liquid phase volume among the weldering aluminum matrix composite SiCp/6061Al, and the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, and surge is 82-110Mpa, impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, the time interval that impact velocity applies is 0.0001-0.01 second, and weldering is finished, and strength of welded joint is 260Mpa, be equivalent to strength of parent 72.2%, joint distortion amount＜3%.
3. the aluminum matrix composite liquid phase that adopts the present invention to propose is impacted the diffusion welding (DW) new process, and welded piece is Al
2O
3p/ 6061Al, thickness are 1mm, wild phase Al
2O
3Particle mean size is 5 μ m, and for graininess distributes, adopts banjo fixing butt jointing, vacuum 4 * 10
-1Pa, 640-647 ℃ of welding holding temperature, this welding holding temperature is corresponding to being welded aluminum matrix composite Al
2O
3pThe matrix liquid phase volume divides rate 20-35% among the/6061Al, welding initial pressure 5Mpa, and the welding temperature retention time is 30 seconds, and surge is 80-120Mpa, and impact velocity puts on 5-10 after the welding temperature insulation beginning in second.Impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, and the impact velocity application time is 0.001-0.01 second, and weldering is finished, and strength of welded joint is 282Mpa, is equivalent to strength of parent 70.5%, joint distortion amount＜3%.
4. the aluminum matrix composite liquid phase that adopts the present invention to propose is impacted the diffusion welding (DW) new process, welded piece is SiCp/2A12, thickness is 1mm, wild phase SiC particle mean size is 5 μ m, and be graininess and distribute, 580-623 ℃ of welding holding temperature, this welding holding temperature is corresponding to being divided rate 20-35% by matrix liquid phase volume among the weldering aluminum matrix composite SiCp/2A12, welding initial pressure 5Mpa, surge is 80-105Mpa, impact velocity puts on welding temperature insulation beginning back 5-10 in second, impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, and impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, and the impact velocity application time is 0.0001-0.01 second.Weldering is finished, and strength of joint 335Mpa is 80.5% of strength of parent, joint distortion amount＜3%.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of aluminum matrix composite liquid phase is impacted diffusion technology for welding, aluminum matrix composite is made up of the reinforcing material that alumina-base material and disperse mix in it, diffusion welding (DW) connects in liquid that welding holding temperature in the technology is chosen in this aluminum matrix composite, the solid-state temperature interval, and corresponding to its matrix liquid phase volume branch rate is in the temperature range of 20-35%, and vacuum is 4 * 10
-1Pa, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned welding holding temperature scope, the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, at first apply initial welding pressure 5Mpa, surge is 80-120Mpa, and impact velocity puts on welding temperature insulation beginning back 5-10 in second, impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, and the impact velocity application time is spaced apart 0.0001-0.01 second.
2, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase according to claim 1 is impacted diffusion technology for welding, it is characterized in that, when welding of aluminum based composites SiCp/ZL101, the welding holding temperature is 568-572 ℃, this temperature is 20-35% corresponding to matrix liquid phase volume branch rate in this kind aluminum matrix composite, the welding initial pressure is 5Mpa, the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, impact velocity puts on welding temperature and begins to be incubated back 5-10 in second, surge is 80-100Mpa, and the surge application time is spaced apart 0.0001-0.01 second, and impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, weldering is finished, and strength of joint is 179Mpa.
3, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase according to claim 1 is impacted diffusion technology for welding, it is characterized in that, when welding of aluminum based composites SiCp/6061A1, the welding holding temperature is 618-626 ℃, this temperature is 20-35% corresponding to matrix liquid phase volume branch rate in this kind aluminum matrix composite, the welding initial pressure is 5Mpa, the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, impact velocity puts on welding temperature and begins to be incubated back 5-10 in second, surge is 82-110Mpa, and the surge application time is spaced apart 0.0001-0.01 second, and impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, weldering is finished, and strength of joint is 260Mpa.
4, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase according to claim 1 is impacted diffusion technology for welding, it is characterized in that, as welding of aluminum based composites Al
2O
3During/6061A1, the welding holding temperature is 640-647 ℃, this temperature is 20-35% corresponding to matrix liquid phase volume branch rate in this aluminum matrix composite, and the welding initial pressure is 5Mpa, and the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, impact velocity puts on welding temperature and begins to be incubated back 5-10 in second, surge is 80-120Mpa, and the surge application time is spaced apart 0.0001-0.01 second, and impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, weldering is finished, and strength of joint is 282Mpa.
5, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase according to claim 1 is impacted diffusion technology for welding, it is characterized in that, when welding of aluminum based composites SiCp/2A12, the welding holding temperature is 580-623 ℃, this temperature is 20-35% corresponding to matrix liquid phase volume branch rate, the welding initial pressure is 5Mpa, surge is 80-105Mpa, impact velocity puts on welding temperature and begins to be incubated back 5-10 in second, impact velocity is 350-700mm/ second, and the welding temperature temperature retention time is 30 seconds, and the impact velocity application time is 0.0001-0.01 second, weldering is finished, and strength of joint is 335Mpa.
6, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase according to claim 1 is impacted diffusion technology for welding, it is characterized in that, this welding procedure is applicable to by alumina-base material and disperse mixes the aluminum matrix composite that the reinforcing material in it is formed, wherein, alumina-base material be 6061,6063,2014,2A12,5A06,6A02,7A04, ZL101, ZL104; Reinforcing material is SiC, Al
2O
3, TiC, AlN.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN100396416C (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2008-06-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Non-continuous reinforced aluminium-based composite material tungsten electrode argon-arc welding seam original position reinforcement method |
| CN100448589C (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2009-01-07 | 江苏大学 | Semisolid state joining method of granular reinforced aluminium base composite material and its device |
| CN102489805A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-13 | 西安交通大学 | in-situ reinforced active liquid-phase diffusion welding method of aluminium base composite and three-element active solder of Al-Cu-Ti system |
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| CN102917833A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-02-06 | 古河Sky株式会社 | Method of joining aluminum alloys |
| CN103958111A (en) * | 2011-11-27 | 2014-07-30 | 株式会社Uacj | Bonding method for aluminium members, and aluminium structure bonded by means of said bonding method |
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| CN100448589C (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2009-01-07 | 江苏大学 | Semisolid state joining method of granular reinforced aluminium base composite material and its device |
| CN100396416C (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2008-06-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Non-continuous reinforced aluminium-based composite material tungsten electrode argon-arc welding seam original position reinforcement method |
| CN104551382B (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2016-09-14 | 株式会社Uacj | The joint method of aluminum alloy materials |
| CN102917833A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-02-06 | 古河Sky株式会社 | Method of joining aluminum alloys |
| CN104551382A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2015-04-29 | 株式会社Uacj | Method of bonding aluminum alloy materials to each other |
| CN102917833B (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2016-08-31 | 株式会社Uacj | The joint method of aluminum alloy materials |
| US9802273B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2017-10-31 | Uacj Corporation | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy cladding material |
| CN104093519A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2014-10-08 | 株式会社Uacj | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy cladding material |
| CN102489805A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-06-13 | 西安交通大学 | in-situ reinforced active liquid-phase diffusion welding method of aluminium base composite and three-element active solder of Al-Cu-Ti system |
| CN103958111A (en) * | 2011-11-27 | 2014-07-30 | 株式会社Uacj | Bonding method for aluminium members, and aluminium structure bonded by means of said bonding method |
| CN103958113A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2014-07-30 | 株式会社Uacj | Aluminium alloy-copper alloy bond, and bonding method for same |
| CN103958113B (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2017-05-03 | 株式会社Uacj | Aluminium alloy-copper alloy bond, and bonding method for same |
| CN102554449A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2012-07-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for connecting carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and metal |
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