CN1417172A - Release controlling fertilizer and its prepn - Google Patents
Release controlling fertilizer and its prepn Download PDFInfo
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- CN1417172A CN1417172A CN01133415A CN01133415A CN1417172A CN 1417172 A CN1417172 A CN 1417172A CN 01133415 A CN01133415 A CN 01133415A CN 01133415 A CN01133415 A CN 01133415A CN 1417172 A CN1417172 A CN 1417172A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a controlled release fertilizer, especially, a new controlled release fertilizer and its production process. The controlled release fertilizer comprising coating of environmentally friendly material and fertilizer core, which is nitrous fertilizer containing urease inhibitor and/or nitration inhibitor. The production process includes fertilizer core preparation via spray granulating in fluidized bed, or spray granulating in rotating drum, or disc mixing granulating; and physical coating via spraying in fluidized bed. The fertilizer has good controlled release effect and wide application range, and is environmentally friendly and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to release and release control fertilizer, novel controlled release fertilizer and preparation method that specifically a kind of coating and inhibitor combine.
Background technology
The existing nearly 80 years history of the development of slow (control) release fertilizer, modification at traditional chemical fertilizer, the fertilizer scholar has successively developed coating (wrapping up in) fertilizer (fertilizer I) and has added the slow release fertilizer (fertilizer II) of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, and these two kinds of fertilizer respectively have its relative merits.
The nutrient release rate of fertilizer I mainly by the characteristic decision of coating wall material, is subjected to the edatope condition influence less relatively.Its nutrient release rate is relatively evenly slow, and the nutrient release profiles is rule relatively, is similar to the crop nutrition content absorption curve, controlled-release effect is better, can use with seed while coordination, not produce and burn the seedling phenomenon, once use in a large number and can satisfy crop multiple nutrients needs simultaneously; In addition, also can reduce NO
3 -The leaching loss of-N and ammonia loss by volatilization.But in order to achieve perfect coating and relative accurate controlled release curve, fertilizer chemical industry scholar usually with the high molecular polymer of synthetic as coating wall material, and adopting advanced film-coating technique, this has just caused the environment negative effect of too high coating cost and coating wall material.
Urease inhibitor among the fertilizer II can suppress the enzymolysis of urea, alleviates the injury to seedling, reduces ammonia loss by volatilization; Nitrification inhibitor can suppress the nitrification and denitrification effect, reduces the nitrogenous fertilizer leaching loss, reduces N
2O and NO
xThe release of gas promotes phosphatic moving and absorption.But its nutrient element releasing rule often changes with the variation of edatope condition, and it is long more to use the time limit, and slow release effect is poor more.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide that a kind of controlled-release effect is good, environmental friendliness, coating cost novel controlled release fertilizer and preparation method low, applied widely.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: be made up of the coating and the fertile heart, the fertile heart is for adding the nitrogenous fertilizer of urease inhibitor and/or nitrification inhibitor, and coating wall material is an environment-friendly material;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer material is that urea, nitrogenous compound or compound are one of fertile, and wherein: the nitrogenous fertilizer source during described nitrogenous compound or compound is fertile is urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and/or ammonium nitrate; Described urease inhibitor is quinhydrones (HQ) or N-NBPT (NBPT), and nitrification inhibitor is Dyhard RU 100 (DCD) and/or 3, and 4-dimethyl phosphoric acid pyrazoles (DMPP), its consumption are respectively 3～15 ‰ of nitrogenous fertilizer weight in the fertilizer; The described environment-friendly material that is used for coating is: the Mierocrystalline cellulose of acrylic resin, Biological resources macromolecular material and derivative thereof or starch and derivative thereof; Described organic solvent is ethanol, acetone, toluene, methylene dichloride, hexanaphthene;
The preparation method of novel controlled release fertilizer carries out the physical package quilt at fertile heart outside surface, and the preparation technology of the fertile heart adopts one of three kinds of fluidized bed for spraying, granulating, rotary drum spray granulating and disk mixing granulations; Coating process adopts the fluidized-bed spraying film-coating technique, concrete operations are: with 100 parts of consumptions is that 5%～15% environment-friendly material of fertile heart weight is dissolved in 500～2000 parts of organic solvents, in described solvent, add 5～20 portions of mineral membrane amendments, add 1～5 part of softening agent again, pour into after miscible in the liquid holding rector, agitator is installed on the liquid holding rector, stir with 2～10 revolutions per seconds speed, whitewashing bag quilt forms coating smooth, continuous, homogeneous at fertile heart outside surface;
The operating parameter of described fluidized-bed pill dressing machine is: inlet temperature: 40～65 ℃; Temperature out: 35～55 ℃; Quantity of hot air: 3m
3/ minute; Feed liquor flow velocity: 8～20 ml/min; Pressurized air pressure: 0.3～0.6Pa; Air supply: 0.1～0.3m
3/ minute; Atomizing is pressed: 0.05～0.2Pa; The coating time is 0.5～1.5 hour;
Mierocrystalline cellulose and derivative thereof are ethyl cellulose, butyl cellulose or cellulose acetate in the described Biological resources macromolecular material; Starch and derivative thereof are hydroxypropylated starch or starch and vinyl acetate between to for plastic blend; Described mineral membrane amendment is one of in talcum powder, zeolite powder, lime carbonate, silicon-dioxide, the diatomite or its combination; Described softening agent is polyoxyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or dimethyl phthalate.
The principle of the invention is:
Fertile heart outside surface is carried out the physical package quilt, and the quick dissolving after can stoping the fertile heart in being manured into soil makes the slow stripping coating of fertile heart wall material, the dissolving fully of the fertile heart is discharged postponed 20～60 days, thereby can with seed simultaneously coordination use, do not produce and burn the seedling phenomenon.The fertile heart is from coating wall material after the stripping, urease inhibitor in the fertile heart (when the nitrogenous fertilizer of the fertile heart contains urea) can further be controlled the hydrolysis of urea, make urea discharge the absorbable nitrogen nutrition of plant lentamente, nitrification and denitrification effect in the fertile nitrification inhibitor may command soil in the heart, the conversion of control fertilizer nitrogen, reduce the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, improve the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer.Fully utilize three kinds of controlled release modes of above urease inhibitor and/or nitrification inhibitor, the present invention is the enzymolysis loss and the nitration denitrification loss of may command nitrogen manure both, the dissolution rate of may command fertilizer again, the regulation of fertilizer requirement of common and crop is matched, realize that fertilizer is at the sustained release of crop in the time of infertility.
Coating wall material selection environment friendly materials adopts the release and release control fertilizer of difficult degradation macromolecular compound coating to compare with tradition, can prevent the respective environment pollution that coating wall material is produced in degradation process.The environment-friendly material that coating wall material of the present invention is selected for use can be degraded more than 80% or all 3 months to 1 year time degraded.In coating wall material, add the mineral membrane amendment, can overcome the adhesion phenomenon in the coating process on the one hand, can make coating wall material produce microvoid on the other hand, and can control pore size, thus control fertilizer dissolution rate; The adding softening agent can increase the plasticity and the toughness of film, and homogeneous is complete more to make coating.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and positively effect are as follows:
1. controlled-release effect is good.Release and release control fertilizer of the present invention is that the physical package quilt is carried out on the slow release fertilizer surface of adding urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, the advantage reasonable combination of the slow release fertilizer of coated fertilizer and interpolation urease inhibitor and/or nitrification inhibitor, realizes having complementary advantages.Fertile heart dissolving release rate is slow.The present invention carries out coating to fertile heart outside surface, makes the dissolving fully of the fertile heart discharge postponement 20～60 days, thereby can use with seed while coordination, does not produce and burns the seedling phenomenon.Urease inhibitor in the fertile heart (when the nitrogenous fertilizer of the fertile heart contains urea) can further be controlled the hydrolysis of urea, make urea discharge the absorbable nitrogen nutrition of plant lentamente, nitrification and denitrification effect in the fertile nitrification inhibitor may command soil in the heart, the conversion of control fertilizer nitrogen, reduce the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, improve the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, its utilization ratio can be up to 60%.
2. have eco-friendly characteristics.Coating wall material selection environment friendly materials of the present invention, adopt the release and release control fertilizer of difficult degradation macromolecular compound coating to compare with tradition, can prevent the respective environment pollution that coating wall material is produced in degradation process, and can degrade more than 80% or all 3 months to 1 year time degraded.
3. the coating cost is low.Compare with the polyolefins coated fertilizer Master series that Japanese Chisso Corporation (JP) 6-32, Nakanoshima 3-chome, Kitaku, Osaka, Japan produces, the coating cost is low can to reduce by 50～70%.
4. applied widely.The urease inhibitor of fertilizer of the present invention and/or the optimum amount of nitrification inhibitor and proportioning basis obtain in the field test results in many areas (provinces such as Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Guangxi) for many years, thereby have adaptability widely.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1 bag is coated with the long-acting carbamide of acrylic resin
Adopting urea and urease inhibitor N-NBPT (NBPT) is the fertile heart, and suitable soil is acidity or slant acidity soil, and NBPT is 10 ‰ of a fertilizer weight of urea, and the environment-friendly material that is used for coating is: acrylic resin RS100.
The production technique of the fertile heart: adopt fluidized bed for spraying, granulating, urease inhibitor N-NBPT (NBPT) is miscible in urea soln, (diameter＜1.0mm) is a crystal seed, and spray granulating finishes granulation when the fertiliser granulates mean diameter reaches 3.5～4.0 with small particle urea.
Coating process: adopt the fluidized-bed spraying coating method, equipment used is an XLB type fluidized-bed pill bag agricultural machinery; Concrete operations are: it is 85% ethanol organic solvent that 100 parts of environment-friendly material acrylic resin RS100 that are used for coating are dissolved in 1500 parts of concentration, and wherein the acrylic resin consumption is 10% of a fertile heart weight; In acrylic resin RS100 ethanolic soln, add 10 parts of mineral membrane amendment talcum powder again, and then add the plasticizer phthalic acid dimethyl ester of 5 parts of total solution weight, and pour in the liquid holding rector after miscible, agitator is installed on the liquid holding rector, stir whitewashing bag quilt with 5 revolutions per seconds speed.
Wherein the operating parameter of fluidized-bed pill dressing machine is as follows:
Inlet temperature: 55 ℃
Temperature out: 45 ℃
Quantity of hot air: 3m
3/ minute
Feed liquor flow velocity: 15 ml/min
Pressurized air pressure: 0.4Pa
Air supply: 0.2m
3/ minute
Atomizing is pressed: 0.1Pa
About 1 hour, then form the coating of oyster white, smooth, continuous homogeneous at fertile heart outside surface.
Its result is: coating wall material is 10% of a fertile heart weight, after the base fertilising in spring, the fertile heart fully from the coating shell dissolution time be 20～30 days, can use with seed while coordination, the fertilizer control release time is 80～100 days, fertile urease inhibitor in the heart can further be controlled the hydrolysis of urea, makes urea discharge the absorbable nitrogen nutrition of plant lentamente, and coating and inhibitor acting in conjunction make utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improve 10～15%.
Embodiment 2 wraps the nitrogen composite fertilizer that contains of coated with cellulose acetate
Employing contains nitrogen composite fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor is Dyhard RU 100 (DCD) and 3,4-dimethyl phosphoric acid pyrazoles (DMPP) is the fertile heart, DCD and DMPP are 15 ‰ of fertilizer nitrogen weight, wherein: DCD and DMPP weight ratio are 2: 1, the nitrogenous fertilizer source that contains nitrogen composite fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, and the environment-friendly material that is used for coating is: the cellulose acetate in Biological resources macromolecular material Mierocrystalline cellulose and the derivative thereof.
The production technique of the fertile heart: adopt the rotary drum spray granulating, nitrification inhibitor DCD and DMPP is miscible in the chemical fertilizer mixing solutions, (diameter＜1.0mm) is a crystal seed, and spray granulating finishes granulation when the fertiliser granulates mean diameter reaches row 3.5～4.0 with small-particle composite fertilizer.
Coating process: adopt the fluidized-bed spraying coating method, equipment used is an XLB type fluidized-bed pill dressing machine; Concrete operations are: 100 parts of environment-friendly material cellulose acetates that are used for coating are dissolved in 500 parts of methylene dichloride organic solvents, and wherein the cellulose acetate consumption is 12% of a fertile heart weight; In the ethyl cellulose acetone soln, add 10 parts of mineral membrane amendment talcum powder and 10 parts of CaCO again
3, and then add the softening agent ethylene glycol of 3 parts of total solution weight, pour in the liquid holding rector after miscible, agitator is installed on the liquid holding rector, stir whitewashing bag quilt with 8 revolutions per seconds speed.
Wherein the operating parameter of fluidized-bed pill dressing machine is as follows:
Inlet temperature: 65 ℃
Temperature out: 55 ℃
Quantity of hot air: 3m
3/ minute
Feed liquor flow velocity: 12 ml/min
Pressurized air pressure: 0.5Pa
Air supply: 0.1m
3/ minute
Atomizing is pressed: 0.2Pa
Form the coating of white, smooth, continuous homogeneous after 45 minutes at fertile heart outside surface.
Its result is: coating wall material is 12% of a fertile heart weight, after the base fertilising in spring, the fertile heart fully from coating wall material dissolution time be 40～60 days, can with seed simultaneously coordination use, the fertilizer control release time is 100～120 days; Nitrification and denitrification effect in the fertile nitrification inhibitor may command soil in the heart, the conversion of control fertilizer nitrogen reduces the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, and coating and inhibitor acting in conjunction make utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improve 15～20%.
Embodiment 3 bags are coated with the nitrogenous compound fertilizer of starch and vinyl acetate between to for plastic blend
Adopting nitrogenous compound fertilizer and urease inhibitor hydroquinone (HQ) and nitrification inhibitor Dyhard RU 100 (DCD) is the fertile heart, nitrogenous fertilizer source in the nitrogenous compound fertilizer is urea and diammonium phosphate, HQ is 3 ‰ of a weight of urea, DCD is 5 ‰ of a fertilizer nitrogen weight, and the environment-friendly material that is used for coating is: the starch of starch and derivative thereof and vinyl acetate between to for plastic blend.
The production technique of the fertile heart: adopt the disk mixing granulation, urease inhibitor and inhibiting nitrification DCD is miscible in urea soln, in mixing granulation, spray described urea soln, when reaching 3.5～4.0, the fertiliser granulates mean diameter finishes granulation.
Coating process: adopt sulfuration bed spraying coating method, equipment used is an XLB type fluidized-bed pill dressing machine; Concrete operations are: with 60 parts of vinyl acetate between to for plastics and 40 parts of starch blendings, be dissolved in 1000 parts of acetone organic solvents, wherein starch and vinyl acetate between to for plastic blend consumption are 15% of fertile heart weight; In described organic solvent, add 10 parts of mineral membrane amendment talcum powder and 5 parts of silicon-dioxide again, and then add the softening agent polyoxyethylene glycol of 3 parts of total solution weight, and pour in the liquid holding rector after miscible, agitator is installed on the liquid holding rector, stir whitewashing bag quilt with 5 revolutions per seconds speed.
Wherein the operating parameter of fluidized-bed pill dressing machine is as follows:
Inlet temperature: 45 ℃
Temperature out: 40 ℃
Quantity of hot air: 3m
3/ minute
Feed liquor flow velocity: 10 ml/min
Pressurized air pressure: 0.3Pa
Air supply: 0.25m
3/ minute
Atomizing is pressed: 0.15Pa
About 1.2 hours, then form the coating of white, smooth, continuous homogeneous at fertile heart outside surface.
Its result is: coating wall material is 15% of a fertile heart weight, after the base fertilising in spring, the fertile heart fully from coating dissolution time be 30～40 days, can with seed simultaneously coordination use, the fertilizer control release time is 90～120 days; Fertile urease inhibitor in the heart can further be controlled the hydrolysis of urea, make urea discharge the absorbable nitrogen nutrition of plant lentamente, nitrification and denitrification effect in the fertile nitrification inhibitor may command soil in the heart, the conversion of control fertilizer nitrogen, reduce the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, fully utilize above urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor controlled release mode, make utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improve 12～18% with the coating acting in conjunction.
Nitrogenous fertilizer source during nitrogenous compound or compound of the present invention is fertile can also be bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium nitrate; Described organic solvent can also be toluene, hexanaphthene; Mierocrystalline cellulose and derivative thereof also are ethyl cellulose, butyl cellulose in the described Biological resources macromolecular material; Starch and derivative thereof also are hydroxypropylated starch; Described mineral membrane amendment also is zeolite powder, diatomite; Described softening agent also is a propylene glycol.
Claims (10)
1. novel controlled release fertilizer is characterized in that: be made up of the coating and the fertile heart, the fertile heart is for adding the nitrogenous fertilizer of urease inhibitor and/or nitrification inhibitor, and coating wall material is an environment-friendly material.
2. by the described release and release control fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nitrogenous fertilizer material is that urea, nitrogenous compound or compound are one of fertile, and wherein: the nitrogenous fertilizer source during described nitrogenous compound or compound is fertile is urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and/or ammonium nitrate.
3. by the described release and release control fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described urease inhibitor is quinhydrones or N-NBPT, and nitrification inhibitor is Dyhard RU 100 and/or 3, and 4-dimethyl phosphoric acid pyrazoles, its consumption are respectively 3～15 ‰ of nitrogenous fertilizer weight in the fertilizer.
4. by the described release and release control fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described environment-friendly material that is used for coating is: the Mierocrystalline cellulose of acrylic resin, Biological resources macromolecular material and derivative thereof or starch and derivative thereof.
5. by the preparation method of the described novel controlled release fertilizer of claim 4, it is characterized in that: Mierocrystalline cellulose and derivative thereof are ethyl cellulose, butyl cellulose or cellulose acetate in the described Biological resources macromolecular material; Starch and derivative thereof are hydroxypropylated starch or starch and vinyl acetate between to for plastic blend.
6. preparation method by the described novel controlled release fertilizer of claim 1 is characterized in that: carry out the physical package quilt at fertile heart outside surface, the preparation technology of the fertile heart adopts one of three kinds of fluidized bed for spraying, granulating, rotary drum spray granulating and disk mixing granulations; Coating process adopts the fluidized-bed spraying film-coating technique, be specially: with 100 parts of consumptions is that 5%～15% environment-friendly material of fertile heart weight is dissolved in 500～2000 parts of organic solvents, in described solvent, add 5～20 portions of mineral membrane amendments, add 1～5 part of softening agent again, miscible back forms coating smooth, continuous, homogeneous at the fertile heart outside surface bag quilt of whitewashing.
7. by the preparation method of the described novel controlled release fertilizer of claim 6, it is characterized in that: the operating parameter of described fluidized-bed pill dressing machine is: inlet temperature: 40～65 ℃; Temperature out: 35～55 ℃; Quantity of hot air: 3m
3/ minute; Feed liquor flow velocity: 8～20 ml/min; Pressurized air pressure: 0.3～0.6Pa; Air supply: 0.1～0.3m
3/ minute; Atomizing is pressed: 0.05～0.2Pa; The coating time is 0.5～1.5 hour.
8. by the preparation method of the described novel controlled release fertilizer of claim 6, it is characterized in that: described organic solvent is ethanol, acetone, toluene, methylene dichloride or hexanaphthene.
9. by the preparation method of the described novel controlled release fertilizer of claim 6, it is characterized in that: described mineral membrane amendment is one of talcum powder, zeolite powder, lime carbonate, silicon-dioxide, diatomite or its combination.
10. by the preparation method of the described novel controlled release fertilizer of claim 6, it is characterized in that: described softening agent is polyoxyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or dimethyl phthalate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011334150A CN1184173C (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2001-11-07 | Release controlling fertilizer and its prepn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011334150A CN1184173C (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2001-11-07 | Release controlling fertilizer and its prepn |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1417172A true CN1417172A (en) | 2003-05-14 |
| CN1184173C CN1184173C (en) | 2005-01-12 |
Family
ID=4671793
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011334150A Expired - Fee Related CN1184173C (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2001-11-07 | Release controlling fertilizer and its prepn |
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