CN1452862A - 用热力控制害虫的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000896238 Oidium Species 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
- A01M1/2094—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects killing insects by using temperature, e.g. flames, steam or freezing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M19/00—Apparatus for the destruction of noxious animals, other than insects, by hot water, steam, hot air, or electricity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
- A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/011—Crawling insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/012—Flying insects
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
一种在水果生产和农业上应用的热力控制害虫的方法,它包含着至少一股从移动车辆上喷射到作物上的热气流,车辆前进方向实质上与作物行是平行的。
Description
本人于1999年8月10日授权的美国专利5,934,013所公开的全部内容,作为参考一并结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及水果生产和农业中用热力控制害虫的方法。具体而言,本发明的方法,适用于露天的农业和水果生产,如葡萄园,果园及作物等,最佳地来消灭有害的霉菌。本方法也适用于杀灭昆虫,采取使之脱水的办法,对于有翅的昆虫,则摧残其翅膀。
背景技术
在农业和果树栽培中,在以前的七十年中,用化学物控制害虫方面取得了很大的成功。每年都有更多的化学物试制出来,比起老药物,它们在价格方面,便于使用方面,治理虫害的范围方面都有明显的优越性。遗憾的是,长期以来直至今天,已经发现不少的化学物都带有不良的后果,污染环境,损害动植物,甚至人类。有些化学物的不良后果要在其不断使用许多年后才显现出来,这是由于在受体中有个积聚过程,或是通过遗传影响到后代;而有些不良的后果则会很快显现出来。正由于这些原因,人们倾向于找到一些解决办法,它们极少影响或是完全不影响环境。
初期非化学方法之一即为生物虫害控制法,即设法培养害虫的天然捕食者。问题在于,这些捕食者有时确实消灭了害虫,不过也消灭了其他一些天敌。如此,我们又面临着严重的生态问题。
除了生物和化学方法之外,另外一类控制害虫的方法,则是改变害虫某些习常的物理变数,这样就使害虫生活在不利于它们生长繁殖的环境中。这些方法有致冷、降低湿度、使用热力、减少氧气。这类方法的问题是,要找出所要改变的习常变数,需要变化的大小和时间,以便得到杀灭害虫的理想效果,而又不伤害需要保护的生物种类。
在诸多这类办法当中热力应用显得效果很好。消灭微生物的最初方法之一,是众所周知的巴氏灭菌法。此法也只适用已死动植物身上,如果动植物都还活着,此法就不能使用。有人提出了其它的热力控制害虫的方法,比如,福布斯的美国专利4,817,329和宾卡的美国专利6,279,261的技术。
福布斯揭示一种杀灭如白蚁之类昆虫的方法,在一城镇建筑物如一密封空间中,充入加热的无相变的气体。气体的温度介于环境温度和昆虫致命温度之间,温度维持一段充足的时间后,虫即杀灭。福布斯方法考虑给加热气体设有进气管和出气管。福布斯还揭示,所说的有待处理的空间须在门和窗用垫条密封,这样便于热气的聚集。因为如此,福布斯方法不能用于露天,所以农业和水果生产中无法使用。
宾卡也提出一种在封闭空间,像磨坊或是食品加工车间里杀灭害虫的方法。宾卡的方法不要求密封空间,但是,这是因为他的空间通常是关闭的,没有窗户,就像福布斯的城镇建筑物。因此宾卡方法也不能用于露天的如农业和水果生产中。宾卡最关心的是不让加工车间的食品受到污染或变质,避免引入燃烧气体及控制热空气的湿度。
不论是福布斯还是宾卡都没有提出利用热气或热空气在露天空间控制虫害的方法,并且还必须保持或防护活的植物品种,如葡萄、水果树或作物。
发明内容
本发明提供一种农业或水果生产中,在露天的环境,诸如葡萄园、果园等场所,用热力控制害虫的方法。本发明的方法,可用来杀灭伤害植物的霉菌,也可杀灭有害昆虫,办法是使它们干燥致死,如虫带有翅膀,则损害其翅膀。对昆虫来说,本方法用于害虫的幼虫阶段,如果蝇幼虫,就特别有效。观察也发现,在葡萄园中,用本发明热力法处理过的葡萄和与用化学物处理过的相比,在防止波曲斯(Botritis cirenea)菌类侵害上有着显然不同的效力。在化学处理葡萄上可以见到一种叫BC(Brevipalpus chilensis)螨虫的分散的攻击,而用本发明方法处理过的却完全没有这种虫害。
本发明的方法实在很简单,经济又环保,要比前面的方法优越得多。本发明的概念是一种突破,首次把热空气直接地或间接地送到植物去消灭虫害。其基本程序是,从移动的车辆上,把一股或多股热空气流射洒到植物上面,气体温度在65℃-250℃之间,热气出气口与植物最近可到约0.2米。
本发明用于在葡萄园控制裂生子(Oidium)菌类和波曲斯菌类,获得成功。直到现在人们还只是用化学杀菌剂来控制以上这两种菌类,后果是既损害了环境也不利于消费者。
此外,本发明还能消除水果或植物上面的节斑(condensation),抑制有害菌类的生长,也能使生产者在包装水果时不至因节斑而发愁。
所以,本发明的基本目的,是提供一种水果生产和农业上控制害虫的方法,通过从移动的车辆上,把热空气射洒到作物上面。
本发明另外的目的,是提供一种水果生产和农业上,尤其是在葡萄园和果园中,控制霉菌的方法,通过从移动的车辆上向作物射喷热气流,此方法亦可用于更多的场合。
本发明还有一个目的,即除了控制农业和水果生产上的虫害之外,提供一个可减少或消除水果或植物体上的节斑的方法。
具体实施方式
本发明是给露天的农业或水果生产提供一个用热力控制虫害的方法。本发明的方法最佳地用于葡萄园中,控制诸如裂生子和波曲斯菌类所致病害,它们会侵袭葡萄串。如用于蘋果园,则可控制凡土尼(Venturia)菌类。这些霉菌在40℃-60℃时即死去。昆虫根据其不同种类和成长阶段,杀灭的温度则要高一些。
本方法是从移动的车辆,射洒一股或多股热空气流,温度约为65℃-250℃,离作物最近约至0.2米,车辆行进速度约每小时5-15公里,其方向与葡萄架大致平行。热气的喷速约为每小时80-250公里,以每小时100公里为适当。在温度高达例如250℃并以上述如此高速把热气射向作物,其力度足够杀灭害虫,但时间很短,不至伤害作物。实际上,所喷热气至作物上时温度在45℃以上只维持16秒钟。
对患有霉菌病的葡萄进行试验,喷射110℃的热气,不仅菌类得以控制,而且某些昆虫如果蝇也被消灭。即使可拉虫和凱比特虫和普罗欧虫也受到严重的打击。
本发明所用的热气的合适温度,将根据各案的作物种类,菌种以及环境温度来决定。
从移动车辆向田间喷射热气,可与葡萄架成平行、垂直或斜角,这要取决于作物的敏感性与葡萄架或树的叶子的密度而定。
必须要说清的是,尽管热气流温度高,速度大,但是其在射出出口就膨胀,而且由于车辆是在移动的,作物在热力作用下的时间是很短的。
Claims (8)
1、一种在农业和果园生产中用热力控制害虫的方法,它包含着由移动车辆射出至少一股热气流,车辆前进方向实质上与作物排行是平行的。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所说的至少一股热气流,其喷射出来的温度约在65℃-250℃之间。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所说的至少一股热气流,以与作物最近至约0.2米处喷射出来。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所说的至少一股热气流,其喷射出的速度约为每小时80-250公里。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所说的至少一股热气流,其喷射出的方向与作物排行实质上是平行的。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所说有至少一股热气流,其喷射出的方向实质上横扫过作物的排行。
7、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所说的至少一股热气流,其喷射出的方向实质上是斜对着作物的排行。
8、如权利要求1-7所述之一的方法,其特征是,所说的可控制的害虫包括,裂生子、波曲斯、凡土尼各种菌类,以及各种各样的昆虫如果蝇,可拉虫,凱比特虫,普罗欧虫等。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/132,693 US7134239B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2002-04-26 | Method for thermal pest control |
US10/132,693 | 2002-04-26 |
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CN1452862A true CN1452862A (zh) | 2003-11-05 |
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CN03110308A Pending CN1452862A (zh) | 2002-04-26 | 2003-04-04 | 用热力控制害虫的方法 |
Country Status (17)
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US (1) | US7134239B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1356730B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4620935B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1452862A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR036681A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE364995T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003203886B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0301246B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2426603C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60314471T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2285002T3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL155126A (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA03003170A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ535180A (zh) |
PE (1) | PE20031051A1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1356730E (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200302689B (zh) |
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US7134239B2 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2006-11-14 | Florencio Lazo Barra | Method for thermal pest control |
US20050246942A1 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-10 | Mueller A C | Method of extermination utilizing heated air |
US20070023980A1 (en) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-02-01 | Mimoun Abaraw | Pest control system |
BRPI0703580A (pt) * | 2007-10-16 | 2008-02-26 | Francisco Maria Ayala Barreto | processo para controle de pragas por ar aquecido e equipamento resultante |
US7926222B2 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2011-04-19 | Molnar Christopher J | Insect eradication system and method |
BRPI1001391E2 (pt) * | 2010-01-18 | 2018-09-25 | Daniel Alexandre Geisse | equipamento de geração e distribuição de calor para controle térmico de pragas |
US8756857B2 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2014-06-24 | Technologies Holdings Corp. | Hydronic heating system and method for pest control |
US8720109B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2014-05-13 | Technologies Holdings Corp. | Portable heating system for pest control |
US9226489B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2016-01-05 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Heat system for killing pests |
US8479439B2 (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2013-07-09 | Technologies Holding Corp. | Self-contained heating unit for thermal pest control |
WO2013147962A1 (en) | 2012-03-24 | 2013-10-03 | Martin Fisher | Thermal plant treatment and a machine to apply the treatment |
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- 2002-04-26 US US10/132,693 patent/US7134239B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-26 AR ARP020103635A patent/AR036681A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2003
- 2003-03-12 NZ NZ535180A patent/NZ535180A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-27 IL IL155126A patent/IL155126A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-04 CN CN03110308A patent/CN1452862A/zh active Pending
- 2003-04-04 AT AT03007733T patent/ATE364995T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-04 DE DE60314471T patent/DE60314471T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-04 ES ES03007733T patent/ES2285002T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-04 EP EP03007733A patent/EP1356730B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-04 PT PT03007733T patent/PT1356730E/pt unknown
- 2003-04-07 ZA ZA200302689A patent/ZA200302689B/xx unknown
- 2003-04-10 MX MXPA03003170A patent/MXPA03003170A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-04-18 JP JP2003113839A patent/JP4620935B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-24 BR BRPI0301246-8A patent/BR0301246B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-24 AU AU2003203886A patent/AU2003203886B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-25 PE PE2003000413A patent/PE20031051A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106416854A (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2017-02-22 | 华南农业大学 | 一种柑橘黄龙病的热空气处理装置及其使用方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2426603A1 (en) | 2003-10-26 |
AU2003203886A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
AU2003203886B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
US20030200696A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
DE60314471T2 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
EP1356730B1 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
CA2426603C (en) | 2007-09-18 |
NZ535180A (en) | 2006-07-28 |
ZA200302689B (en) | 2004-02-17 |
MXPA03003170A (es) | 2003-10-31 |
JP2003310131A (ja) | 2003-11-05 |
BR0301246A (pt) | 2004-08-17 |
ES2285002T3 (es) | 2007-11-16 |
DE60314471D1 (de) | 2007-08-02 |
IL155126A0 (en) | 2003-10-31 |
PE20031051A1 (es) | 2004-01-18 |
JP4620935B2 (ja) | 2011-01-26 |
ATE364995T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
BR0301246B1 (pt) | 2010-11-03 |
PT1356730E (pt) | 2007-07-03 |
IL155126A (en) | 2008-04-13 |
EP1356730A2 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
US7134239B2 (en) | 2006-11-14 |
EP1356730A3 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
AR036681A1 (es) | 2004-09-29 |
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