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CN1450876A - 用于身体部位的定位的装置及此装置的应用 - Google Patents

用于身体部位的定位的装置及此装置的应用 Download PDF

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CN1450876A
CN1450876A CN00818774A CN00818774A CN1450876A CN 1450876 A CN1450876 A CN 1450876A CN 00818774 A CN00818774 A CN 00818774A CN 00818774 A CN00818774 A CN 00818774A CN 1450876 A CN1450876 A CN 1450876A
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conduit
sensor unit
unit
radiacmeter
radiating element
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CN1212805C (zh
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保罗·G·赛勒
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Northern Digital Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
    • A61B5/065—Determining position of the probe employing exclusively positioning means located on or in the probe, e.g. using position sensors arranged on the probe
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1049—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00238—Type of minimally invasive operation
    • A61B2017/00274—Prostate operation, e.g. prostatectomy, turp, bhp treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00547—Prostate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3925—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers ultrasonic
    • A61B2090/3929—Active markers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1049—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
    • A61N2005/1051—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam using an active marker
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1064—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for adjusting radiation treatment in response to monitoring
    • A61N5/1065—Beam adjustment
    • A61N5/1067—Beam adjustment in real time, i.e. during treatment

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  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一个由用于引入到人或动物身体中的导管(K)组成的装置以及该装置的应用。本发明装置的特征在于，至少导管(K)的一个部分是有弹性的，其中在至少一个导管的有弹性部分(KK)中，最好在其内表面上，含有至少一个用于确定实时位置的传感器单元，并且在体外存在一个接收单元，由传感器单元(PS)测得的信号可被传送到该接收单元。

Description

用于身体部位的定位的装置及此装置的应用
本发明涉及如权利要求1前序部分所述的装置以及此装置的应用。
现代用于诊治肿瘤的放射疗法通过应用对肿瘤来说致命的高射线剂量来得到毁灭肿瘤的结果。如果只允许承受少量射线的组织(所谓的危险组织)位于肿瘤的紧邻处，这总是困难的。在腹腔和胸腔中则由于以下事实而增加了困难：在那里肿瘤和邻近的危险组织在患者体内运动。因而射线的几何目标区地点是不固定的，并从而在这些情况下相邻的健康的组织或其一部分经常被不必要的强剂量照射。所提及运动的原因是呼吸时的肺部运动，心脏跳动和肠蠕动。肿瘤和组织的位置也会由于患者健康状况的变化或随患者的不同姿态而改变。
利用现代的射线装置，如今在患者体内的一个三维区域(高剂量体区)可如此被强烈照射，此区域的形状与肿瘤的形状精确一致(共形放射疗法)。其中特别重要的是，高剂量体区不包含相邻的危险组织(共形避免)。
在前列腺的共形放射疗法中如今已应用了所谓的探测-导管。在做用于规划放射治疗的计算机层析X射线摄影之前，并且在每次做放射治疗之前，一个具有一个可注入、有弹性的导管头的导管通过肛门引到直肠，然后被注入规定量的水。这样前列腺被膨胀的导管头朝着耻骨施压，并从而在放射治疗时被带到一个有几分重复性的位置上。然而邻近前列腺的直肠壁接收到不是没危险的射线剂量，因为这些肠部位的位置不是足够好的已知的。因而不能满足共形避免的要求。
本发明的目的在于给出一种装置，应用这种装置，共形避免(konformaler Vermeidung)被优化，即被改善了。
上述任务由权利要求1所述技术方案完成。其他权利要求给出了本发明的优化设计和应用。
本发明的特征在于一个专用导管，它具有至少一个有弹性的部分，并且按照本发明，至少一个用于确定位置的传感器被最好设置在所述有弹性部分中的一个的内表面上。
在本发明装置的一个优化实施形式中，导管具有一个有弹性的部分，它同时构成导管头。在放射治疗前列腺的情况下本发明的导管—像现有技术已公开的探测导管那样—被引入直肠，并接着注入水和/或空气。借助于导管头中包含的传感器测量三维坐标位置和以两个角表示的指向。导管被如此设计：传感器在导管定位和注入后紧贴到肠壁部位的内侧上，此部位直接邻近前列腺并且特别应保护其不受到危险的射线剂量。传感器位置和指向在放射治疗时持续的监测可用于优化其放射治疗的共形避免，因为此监测指示可能的直肠壁危险区域的位置。或者是射线在经过肠壁(危险组织)时被中断，而在其返回时重新开启，或者是射线场连续地适配肿瘤和肠壁的位置。
下面借助附图举例详细说明本发明。附图中的单个图示意地并以剖面方式示出本发明的导管，它被引入体内空腔，其中用于固定体部的导管头已被膨胀了。
附图示出了本发明的装置，它用于经常反复精确测量某个健康的组织或其一部分的位置—下面称此组织为危险组织RO-以避免它在放射治疗邻近的肿瘤时受到伤害。本发明装置由一个导管K，一个由有弹性的材料形成的导管头KK和一个用于确定位置的传感器PS组成。导管K在其末端过渡到导管头KK，导管K和导管头KK-除了在导管K一端的开口O以外—构成不透气的密封单元。
附图示出本发明装置通过一个身体开孔KO被引入一个空腔中。导管头KK通过注入水和/或空气而被膨胀，水或空气通过开孔O被注入。固定在导管头KK内表面上的传感器PS-用它可确定位置—被朝着危险组织RO施加压力，此组织应接受尽可能小的射线剂量。
传感器PS产生电信号。它们或者无线地，或者通过在导管K或导管头KK内部走的细金属线DV，从体内传送到体外，并被送到一个接收单元(图中未示出)。然后在接收单元中借助于硬件和软件以高的频率—例如每秒50次—持续反复确定传感器PS的位置及其指向。应该指出，WO 97/36192所描述的装置特别适用于位置的确定。
本发明装置特别适用于前列腺的治疗。然而如果在共形的放射治疗和共形的射线避免中有自然的身体开口(鼻，口，肠，阴道)可以利用，本发明装置及其应用总会获得成功。
在本发明的另一个实施形式中，最好在用于确定位置的传感器的紧邻处集成一个剂量计单元SD，用它可以检查：在危险组织RO中的射线剂量是否保持像所要求的那么小。
本发明的另一个实施形式在导管K的一个部位上具有一个标识MK，该标识在治疗时处于患者体外。标识MK指示传感器PS或剂量计单元SD以及导管K的轴的位置。此标识MK用于正确地和不旋转地插入导管K。
在本发明的另一个实施形式中增设传感器(图中未示出)在导管头KK的内表面和/或外表面上。例如从一个O2传感器(氧传感器)可得到对放射仪重要的信息。
虽然强调指出的是，用于确定位置的传感器PS应被放置于尽可能邻近危险组织RO的地方，该组织不允许或只允许尽可能小的照射。但由以上所述原则出发，传感器PS或剂量计单元SD被放置在尽可能邻近被照射的身体部位的地方，是对本发明装置的应用所做的一种简单的改变。

Claims (10)

1.由一个用于引入到人或动物体内的导管(K)组成的装置，其特征在于，至少导管(K)的一个部分是有弹性的，其中在至少一个导管的有弹性部分(KK)中，最好在其内表面上，含有至少一个用于确定实时位置的传感器单元(PS)，并且在体外存在一个接收单元，由传感器单元(PS)测得的信号可被传送到该接收单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，导管(K)具有一个有弹性的部分，并且这个部分位于导管头(KK)上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，存在一个剂量计单元(SO)，它与传感器单元(PS)位于同一个有弹性部分(KK)中，并且由剂量计单元(SD)测得的信号最好可传送到接收单元。
4.如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，剂量计单元(SD)被安装在紧邻传感器单元(PS)处。
5.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，存在一个通过导管(K)的金属线(DV)，用于传感器单元(PS)和/或剂量计单元(SD)与接收单元的连接。
6.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，在导管(K)上设置有一个标识(MK)。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项所述的装置用以持续地确定人或动物身体中一个部位的位置的应用，其中在第一步中具有一个传感器单元(PS)的导管(K)最好通过一个体上空腔被引入到身体内部，并且在第二步中导管(K)的一个有弹性部分(KK)通过注入水和/或空气而膨胀起来，以使传感器单元(PS)尽可能接近被定位的身体部位，它尤其是一个危险组织(RO)。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，身体部位借助于一个辐射单元被照射，其中或者此辐射单元跟踪被照射的身体部位，或者辐射单元在此身体部位位于此辐射单元规定的作用区域中时才被激活。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的应用，其特征在于，辐射单元如此被控制，使得身体部位(RO)不受照射或尽可能少地被照射。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的应用，其特征在于，射线剂量借助于一个剂量计单元(SD)被监测，其中剂量计单元(SD)最好被放置于紧邻传感器单元(PS)处。
CNB008187746A 2000-02-02 2000-02-02 用于身体部位的定位的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1212805C (zh)

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PCT/CH2000/000055 WO2000022904A2 (de) 2000-02-02 2000-02-02 Vorrichtung zur positionsbestimmung von körperteilen und verwendung der vorrichtung

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EP (1) EP1251778B1 (zh)
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AU (1) AU2000220903A1 (zh)
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AU2000220903A1 (en) 2000-05-08
JP2003527879A (ja) 2003-09-24
CA2399223A1 (en) 2000-04-27
EP1251778A2 (de) 2002-10-30
EP1251778B1 (de) 2005-12-07
CN1212805C (zh) 2005-08-03
WO2000022904A3 (de) 2002-02-14
WO2000022904A2 (de) 2000-04-27
ATE311814T1 (de) 2005-12-15

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