CN1224833C - Ramp automobile collision experiment system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ramp-type automobile collision test system, comprising: a traction guide device composed of a bracket, a traction wire rope, a hoist and idlers; wherein the bracket is fixed on the top of the ramp, and a hoist is arranged on the bracket, and another bracket is sequentially installed. There are rollers on the top, a traction wire rope is connected with the hoist through the roller, and the other end of the traction wire rope is wound back to the top of the ramp through the movable pulley on the tractor; or directly connected with the traction positioning vehicle; the traction positioning vehicle and the experimental The connection between the vehicles relies on a traction hook and a decoupling release mechanism to realize the connection and separation between the traction positioning vehicle and the experimental vehicle; the acceleration ramp with a certain height difference includes a horizontal transition section, a curved transition section and a straight line acceleration section; the ramp One end of the test section is connected to the test section, and an observation tower with testing equipment is installed on the test section, and parapet walls are set on both sides of the test section; instruments for testing acceleration are installed in the test vehicle.

Description

Ramped vehicle crash test system and crash test method

                      

The invention relates to a system and a collision test method for carrying out collision experiments between automobiles and structures, in particular to a ramp-type automobile collision experiment system and a collision experiment method for carrying out collision experiments between automobiles and structures including automobiles.

Background technique

In the collision test between a car and a structure, it is necessary to accelerate the car to a set speed and collide with the structure at a set angle. Because the car crash test has a certain degree of unpredictability and danger, it is generally not necessary for the driver to drive the car. At present, the methods for accelerating the experimental vehicle include: tractor traction, self-powered, hydraulic drive, electric traction, etc.

1. Electric traction mode

This is a method that is widely used, and its main advantage is that the control accuracy is high. The electric traction system of real vehicle crash test is mainly composed of traction motor, control system, mechanical equipment and so on. The electric motor accelerates the test car through hoist and other devices, and the test process is controlled by the control system. The electric traction system adopted by the automobile test field of the Ministry of Communications of my country can accelerate the experimental vehicle with a total mass of 10,000 kg to 80 km/h, and its speed control accuracy is 1%. The system selects a DC motor with a rated power of 550KW, a rated voltage of 460V, and an instantaneous power of 1100KW. The acceleration section is a cement concrete pavement with a length of 400M and a width of 4M. In the middle of the road, there is a track-type guide device composed of 250*90*11 channel steel. The cost of the whole system is relatively high, and the power supply capacity is large. The acceleration ability is small, and it is difficult to accelerate large and medium-sized experimental vehicles.

2. The way the tractor pulls

The key to making the experimental car reach the set speed by using the tractor tow is to have a traction device with special functions. In addition to being able to transmit the traction force, the traction device should also be able to reliably guide the test vehicle and be able to release the coupling when it needs to be disengaged.

The Automobile Collision Test carried out in Florence in 1987 by the Italian Highway Company adopted the method of towing by a tractor. The device consists of manually detachable tubular metal rods, and the test vehicle is operated by the operator behind the tractor through the joystick. The shortcoming of the way of tractor towing is that safety is poor, and the weight of the test vehicle is limited.

3. Hydraulic transmission mode

Porsche has put into use a set of automotive passive safety research facilities. Acceleration of the subject is achieved by a noose transmission driven by a hydraulic motor. The power of the hydraulic motor can reach 500kW, which can accelerate the test object with a mass of 200KG to 110km/h. The hydraulic motor is driven by an energy storage device. The energy storage device includes a nitrogen cylinder group with a total volume of 500 liters and a pressure of 330 bar. This method is also difficult to solve the acceleration problem of large experimental vehicles.

4. Self traction mode

The experimental vehicle uses its own power system to accelerate. This method has high requirements on the control system. Generally speaking, an automatic driving device or a remote control driving device is required. Higher requirements are placed on the condition of the test vehicle, which increases the cost of the test.

5. Rocket Propulsion

The German Mercedes-Benz company once used the rocket propulsion method. This is a specially built vapor rocket. When used for small vehicles, it sprays steam from the injection port behind the gas tank with a length of 1310 mm, a diameter of 500 mm, and a volume of 0.2 cubic meters, and becomes an independent trolley, which propels the experimental vehicle from the back. The heat source uses electric power, and the heater is housed in the gas tank. Obviously, this method is also difficult to solve the acceleration problem of large-scale experimental vehicles. At the same time, it is difficult to control and the test accuracy is low.

Contents of invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, in order to solve the problems of difficult acceleration, difficult control and high cost during the collision test of large-scale vehicles; The ramp-type automobile crash test system and crash test method with high test precision can slide down the ramp under the action of the horizontal test area and reach the required speed.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved in that the ramp type automobile collision test system provided by the present invention includes: a traction guide device composed of a support, traction wire rope, hoist and idler; wherein the support is fixed on the top of the ramp, and the support is provided with There is a hoist, and another bracket is installed in sequence, and a supporting roller is arranged on the bracket, a traction wire rope is connected with the hoist through the supporting roller, and the other end of the traction wire rope is wound back to the top of the ramp through a movable pulley on a tractor; or It is directly connected with the traction positioning vehicle; the connection between the traction positioning vehicle and the experimental vehicle relies on a traction hook and a decoupling release mechanism to realize the connection and separation between the traction positioning vehicle and the experimental vehicle; it is made of plates or stones with a certain height difference The acceleration ramp includes a horizontal transition section and a curved transition section connected to the linear acceleration section; one end of the ramp is connected to the test section, and an observation tower is installed on the test section, and the test equipment is installed on the observation tower. The parapet wall; the test vehicle is equipped with instruments for testing acceleration.

It also includes that the guide device can be a guide rail or a guide groove type guide device, that is, a single-task form: for the guide rail type, the guide rail should be installed in a groove lower than the ramp road surface to improve the adaptability to the vehicle type. The experimental car is connected with the guide rail or the guide groove through the guide trolley. Before the guide car enters the experimental area, it will naturally leave the experimental car through the increase of the distance between the bottom of the guide rail or the guide groove and the road surface.

The traction hook and decoupling release mechanism as shown in Figure 5 or 6 are composed of the control hook, the shaft of the control hook, the hook, the hook shaft and the pin are installed on the traction trolley, the pin is connected with the test vehicle, and the traction positioning vehicle is pulled by the hook and the pin for the test. The car or the test car is positioned at a given position on the ramp. When decoupling, turn the control hook to make it rotate around the axis of the control hook and drive the hook to rotate around the hook axis. After turning through a certain angle, the two hooks are separated, and the hook rotates reversely around the hook axis under the action of the pin to separate the hook pin. Decoupling slips.

The curvature of the ramp is zero at both ends of the curve transition section and maximum at the middle. The radius of curvature corresponding to its maximum value should be greater than the minimum radius of curvature that the designed experimental vehicle can pass through.

The method that the application ramp type automobile collision experiment system provided by the present invention carries out the method for collision experiment: (1) during test, at first start traction device and test car is pulled to the ramp corresponding position (certain height); Low, therefore, less power is required for the traction unit. The direction of the traction wire rope is guaranteed by the roller, and the traction positioning vehicle is equipped with a traction hook and a decoupling release mechanism, which is convenient for the connection and separation between the traction wire rope and the experimental vehicle.

(2) When the test car is pulled to the corresponding position preset on the ramp, the traction wire rope is separated from the test car through the decoupling release mechanism, and the test car will accelerate down under the action of gravity, and the curve transition section ensures that the test car Smoothly and smoothly transition from the linear acceleration section to the horizontal transition section, without touching the head and tail, reducing the pitching vibration of the experimental vehicle; in order to ensure the orientation, a guiding system for the experimental vehicle is provided. (3) The experimental vehicle is in the horizontal transition section Complete the final preparatory work before the collision, such as adjusting the direction and releasing the direction control of the experimental vehicle, slowing down the pitching vibration, etc. There is a structure to be hit in the test area, and there is enough space to allow the test vehicle to complete the collision action. (4) At the same time, high-speed cameras and other testing equipment measure and record the entire collision process.

In the present invention, the hoist is used to lift the experimental vehicle to the corresponding position on the ramp and release it. The experimental vehicle is accelerated and slides down under the action of gravity, and the guide device ensures that it collides with the structure at a given position in the correct direction and speed, and is controlled by the observation tower. The test equipment tracks and records relevant data, and the method is accurate and fast. In addition, since the kinetic energy required for the collision of the experimental vehicle is obtained by transforming its gravitational potential energy, the problems of difficult acceleration, difficult control and high cost during the collision test of large vehicles are solved.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the ramp-type vehicle crash test site and facilities.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the guide trolley guide system

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the guide trolley release mechanism

Figure 4 is a remote guidance system

Figure 5 is the uncoupling device in the traction state

Figure 6 is the uncoupling device when decoupling

Illustration

1-hoist 2-idling roller 3-traction wire rope,

4-Traction and positioning vehicle 5-For the experimental vehicle 6-Observation tower

7 test section, 8-horizontal transition section, 9-curve transition section,

10-Linear acceleration section 11-Travel hook and decoupling release mechanism 12-Retaining wall

13-Guide trough 14-Ramp 15-Strike structure

16-Coupling mechanism 17-Guide trolley 18-Buffer room

19-The bottom surface of buffer chamber 18 21-Control hook

22-Shaft of control hook 23-Pin 24-Hook

25-Hook shaft 26-Bracket

Detailed ways

Example 1

According to Fig. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, make a ramp type automobile collision test system, use plate or stone, also can form the acceleration ramp 14 that has height difference about 48 meters with anchor rod, concrete cushion and concrete pavement , the maximum slope angle is 32°, and the curvature of the 14 curve segments of the ramp is a quadratic curve. The guiding device adopts rail-type guiding (single-task type), and the guiding track adopts the structure of a rolling roller coaster. Hoist is 10 tons, and traction positioning car 4 is provided with a movable pulley, and the maximum lifting vehicle weight is 20 tons (two movable pulleys are provided with up to 40 tons); Design top speed is 100 kilometers per hour, and experimental car 5 speeds per hour are 98 kilometers per hour. It has a hoisting and starting system for an experimental vehicle consisting of a hoisting hoist 2, traction wire rope 3, supporting rollers, pulleys and anchoring elements, a traction positioning vehicle 4 with traction pulley block, traction hook and release system 5.

Wherein support 26 is fixed on the top of ramp 14, and support 26 is provided with a winch 1, and another support 26 is installed in sequence, and this support 26 is provided with a idler 2, and a traction wire rope 3 links to each other by idler 2 and winch 1, The other end of the traction wire rope 3 is connected to the top of the ramp through a movable pulley on a traction positioning vehicle 4; or directly connected to the traction positioning vehicle 4; the connection between the traction positioning vehicle 4 and the experimental vehicle 5 relies on a traction hook and uncoupling The release mechanism 11 realizes the connection and separation (as shown in Figures 5 and 6) between the traction positioning vehicle 4 and the experimental vehicle 5; the ramp includes a horizontal transition section 8 and a curved transition section 9 to connect the linear acceleration section 10; One end is connected to the test section 7, and an observation tower 6 is arranged on the test section 7, and its testing equipment is installed on the observation tower 6, and the test section 7 is provided with parapet walls 12 on both sides; the instrument for conventional testing acceleration is installed in the test vehicle 5. Among them, the curvature of the slope is zero at both ends of the curve transition section, and the curvature is the largest in the middle. The radius of curvature corresponding to its maximum value should be greater than the minimum radius of curvature that the designed experimental vehicle can pass through. The test car 5 is connected with the guide car 17, and the guide car 17 moves along the guide groove 13, so that the test car can move along the direction determined by the guide groove 13. When colliding, the direction control to the test vehicle 5 should be released, therefore, the guide trolley 17 is provided with a decoupling release. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the guide trolley release mechanism. In the linear acceleration section 10 and the curved acceleration section 9 , the guide groove 13 is relatively shallow, and the test vehicle 5 is connected with the guide trolley 17 through the coupling mechanism 16 . After entering the horizontal transition section, the guide groove 13 deepens to become a buffer chamber 18, and the guide trolley 17 moves down under the effect of its own weight to disengage from the test vehicle 5 so as to release the direction control of the test vehicle 5. The shape of the bottom surface 19 of the buffer chamber 18 is used for the detachment of the test car 5, and water or other media are added in the buffer chamber 18 to buffer the guide car. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the decoupling mechanism during the traction state. The control hook 21, the shaft 22 of the control hook, the hook 24, and the hook shaft 25 are installed on the traction trolley, and the pin 23 is connected with the experimental vehicle 5. The traction positioning dolly 4 pulls the test vehicle through the hook 4 and the pin 23 or the test vehicle 5 is positioned at a given position on the ramp 14 . When unhooking, turn the control hook 1 to make it rotate around the control hook shaft 22 and drive the hook 24 to rotate around the hook shaft 25. After turning over a certain angle, the two hooks are separated, and the hook 24 reversely rotates around the hook shaft 25 under the action of the pin 23 The hook pin was separated, and the experimental vehicle was unhooked and slipped.

Embodiment 2 (multitasking:)

According to Fig. 1, 4, 5, 6, a ramp-type automobile collision test system is made, the height difference of the ramp is about 48 meters, the maximum slope angle is 32°, and the curvature of the curve section of the ramp is a quadratic curve. The guiding device adopts the remote control guiding system (multi-task type). The winch is 10 tons, and the traction trolley is equipped with a moving pulley, and the maximum hoisting weight is 20 tons (with two moving pulleys, it can reach 40 tons); the design maximum speed is 100 km/h, and the speed of the experimental vehicle is 98 km/h. Fig. 4 is a remote control guiding system, another guiding device; through the remote guiding system, the test vehicle 5 can collide with different structures 15 along different collision lines 3, and the test efficiency can be improved. All the other parts are the same as in Example 1.

Example 3

The present embodiment applies the ramp type vehicle collision test system that above-mentioned embodiment makes to carry out the method for collision test: (1) during the test, first start the traction device to pull the test car to the corresponding position (certain height) of the ramp; The allowable vehicle speed is lower, therefore, the traction device requires less power. The direction of the traction wire rope is guaranteed by the roller, and the traction positioning vehicle is equipped with a traction hook and a decoupling release mechanism, which is convenient for the connection and separation between the traction wire rope and the experimental vehicle.

(2) When the test car is pulled to the corresponding position preset on the ramp, the traction wire rope is separated from the test car through the decoupling release mechanism, and the test car will accelerate down under the action of gravity, and the curve transition section ensures that the test car Smoothly and smoothly transition from the linear acceleration section to the horizontal transition section, without touching the head and tail, reducing the pitching vibration of the experimental vehicle; in order to ensure the orientation, a guiding system for the experimental vehicle is provided. (3) The experimental vehicle is in the horizontal transition section Complete the final preparatory work before the collision, such as adjusting the direction and releasing the direction control of the experimental vehicle, slowing down the pitching vibration, etc. There is a structure to be hit in the test area, and there is enough space to allow the test vehicle to complete the collision action. (4) At the same time, high-speed cameras and other testing equipment measure and record the entire collision process.

Claims (6)

1. A ramp type automobile collision test system is characterized in that: comprising: a traction guide device composed of a support, traction wire rope, hoist and idler roller; wherein the support is fixed on the top of the ramp, and the support is provided with a hoist, the order Install another bracket, which is equipped with a roller, a traction wire rope is connected to the hoist through the roller, and the other end of the traction wire rope is connected to the top of the ramp through a movable pulley on a tractor; or directly with the traction positioning Vehicle connection; the connection between the traction positioning vehicle and the experimental vehicle relies on a traction hook and a decoupling release mechanism to realize the connection and separation between the traction positioning vehicle and the experimental vehicle; an acceleration ramp with a certain height difference is made of plates or stones, The ramp includes a horizontal transition section and a curved transition section connected to the linear acceleration section; one end of the ramp is connected to the test section and there are retaining walls on both sides, and an observation tower is installed on the test section, and its testing equipment is installed on the observation tower; There are instruments for measuring acceleration. 2. The ramp-type automobile collision test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the guide device can be a guide rail or a guide groove type guide device, and for the guide rail type, the guide rail should be installed on the ground below the ramp road surface. In the groove, the experimental vehicle is connected with the guide rail or the guide groove through the guide trolley. 3. The ramp-type vehicle collision test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the curvature of the ramp at both ends of the curve transition section is zero, the middle part is the largest, and the radius of curvature corresponding to the maximum value should be greater than the designed test vehicle can pass through. The minimum radius of curvature. 4. The ramp-type vehicle collision test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the traction wire rope between the winch and the traction positioning vehicle should be on the center line of the vehicle lifting trajectory. 5. The experimental facility of automobile and structure collision experiment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described traction hook and decoupling release mechanism are by control hook, the shaft of control hook, hook, hook shaft and pin are installed on the traction On the trolley, the pin is connected with the experimental vehicle, and the traction and positioning vehicle pulls the experimental vehicle through the hook and the pin or positions the experimental vehicle at a given position on the ramp. 6. A method for applying the ramp-type automobile collision test system according to claim 1 to carry out a collision test, characterized in that: (1) during the test, first start the traction guide device to pull the test vehicle to the preset ramp position; (2) After the test car is pulled to the corresponding position preset on the ramp, the traction wire rope is separated from the test car through the decoupling release mechanism, and the test car accelerates down under the action of gravity, and smoothly transitions from the linear acceleration section to the Horizontal transition section; (3) The test vehicle completes the final preparatory work before the collision in the horizontal transition section. There are structures to be hit in the test area, and there is enough space to allow the test vehicle to complete the collision action. (4) Simultaneously, high-speed cameras, etc. The test equipment measures and records the entire crash sequence.

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