CN1217193C - 心肌肌钙蛋白鲁米诺化学发光免疫分析检测方法 - Google Patents
心肌肌钙蛋白鲁米诺化学发光免疫分析检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于临床血液检测分析方法技术领域利用自制抗人心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)抗体,标记辣根过氧化物酶,用肉桂酸作发光增强剂,四苯硼钠作协同增强剂,以辣根过氧化物酶催化鲁米诺-H2O2-肉桂酸-四苯硼钠发光系统,建立了cTnI鲁米诺化学发光免疫分析检测方法。该法与ELISA方法比较,结果显示两法无显著性差异(p>0.05),相关系数r=0.9852,回归方程Y=1.193-1.006X(Y为CLIA方法测定值,X为ELISA方法测定值),按95%可信区间,计算正常人参考范围的上限为2.12ng/ml,诊断符合率为96.15%。保护范围:1.一种用于临床及实验室检测使用的化学发光系统。该系统的特征在于用肉桂酸作发光增强剂,四苯硼钠作协同增强剂,以辣根过氧化物酶催化鲁米诺-H2O2发光。2.一种用鲁米诺-H2O2-肉桂酸-四苯硼钠体系作检测系统,检测人体血清或血浆内心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的检测方法。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明属于临床血液检测分析方法技术领域。建立了一种用于临床检测人体血清或血浆内心肌肌钙蛋白(cTnI)的定量、特异、灵敏的方法。为与全自动免疫发光仪配套,及其它化学发光试剂的研制建立了技术平台。
二、背景技术
近年来,随着人们饮食结构及生活方式的改变,心血管疾病已经成为威胁人类健康的首要疾病,因此早期诊断对赢得治疗时间,获得良好的预后具有十分重要的意义。急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI),不稳定心绞痛(untable angina pectoris,UAP),心肌炎等是临床常见的心血管疾病,目前的实验室诊断主要检测包括肌红蛋白(MA)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、乳酸脱氢酶同功酶(LDH1~5),心肌肌球蛋白轻链(CMLC)、碳酸酐酶(CAIII)等。由于心肌酶类及一些蛋白的非组织特异性,给临床诊断带来困难。近年来,发现了心肌特异性更强的标志物:心肌肌钙蛋白(cardiac troponin,cTn),包括心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)和心肌肌钙蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,cTnT)。由于在肾衰、横纹肌溶解病、肺炎、败血症等病人中cTnT也可增高,使cTnT在临床的应用受到限制,而cTnI在心肌中的绝对含量比骨骼肌中sTnI的相对值高,心肌损伤后动态释放迅速,曲线完整,峰值明显,窗口诊断期长,其他组织中并无cTnI存在,且只有一种亚型,与骨骼肌sTnI交叉反应<0.1%,与心电图,肌红蛋白等指标综合分析,对不稳定心肌缺血,冠状动脉综合症发生的相对危险率预测,以及对AMI梗塞面积,溶栓治疗效果的评估等方面具有重要的意义,是目前发现的诊断心肌损伤最特异、最敏感的标志物之一。
三、发明内容
化学发光免疫分析法(chemiluminescent immunoassay,CLIA),也称为免疫化学发光分析法(immunochemiluminometric assay,ICMA),由法国巴斯德公司于1999年首先建立。这种分析方法是Arakawe1977年基于放射免疫分析的基本原理,将化学发光与免疫反应结合起来建立的一种分析方法,包含两个部分,即免疫反应系统和化学发光分析系统[15]。化学发光分析系统是利用化学发光物质经催化剂的催化或氧化剂的氧化,形成一个激发态的中间体,当这种激发态中间体回到稳定的基态时,同时发射出光子(hv),利用发光信号测量仪器测量光量子的产额。
化学发光免疫分析法以标记方法的不同而分为两种,即化学发光标记免疫分析法和酶标记、以化学发光底物作信号试剂的化学发光酶免疫分析法。化学发光标记免疫分析是用化学发光剂直接标记抗原或抗体的免疫分析方法。常用于标记的化学发光物质有吖啶酯类化合物(acridiniumester AE),是一种有效的发光标记物,通过起动发光试剂(NaOH-H2O2)作用而直接发光,强烈的发光在一秒钟内完成,为快速的闪烁发光。吖啶酯作为标记物用于免疫分析,其化学反应简单、快速、无需催化剂,检测小分子抗原采用竞争法,大分子抗原则采用夹心法,非特异性结合少,本底较低。美国拜耳公司ACS:180系列全自动化学发光免疫分析系统即以吖啶酯作为标记,量度AE标记物化学反应所产生的光量为基础,灵敏度可达10-15g/L。该系统采用顺磁性微粒作固相载体,反应物形成类均相悬浮溶液,有效增大反应面积,加速免疫反应,便于自动洗涤、快速分离,方法中不用酶和催化试剂,改变pH即可发生发光反应,AE试剂稳定,有效期长达一年。目前,已临床用于甲状腺功能、生殖生理、肿瘤标志物、药物监测及心血管等四十余个项目的检测。
从标记免疫分析角度,化学发光酶免疫分析应属酶免疫分析,只是酶反应的底物是发光剂,操作步骤与酶免分析完全相同:以酶标记生物活性物质(如酶标记的抗原或抗体)进行免疫反应,免疫反应复合物上的酶再作用于发光底物,在信号试剂作用下发光,用发光信号测定仪进行发光测定。目前常用的标记酶为辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP),它们有各自的发光底物。
HRP标记的CLIA常用的底物为鲁米诺(3-氨基邻苯二甲酰肼,luminol),或其衍生物如异鲁米诺(4-氨基邻苯二甲酰肼),是一类重要的发光试剂。鲁米诺的氧化反应在碱性缓冲液中进行,在过氧化物酶及活性氧如过氧化阴离子(O2 -),单线态氧(1O2),羟自由基(OH·),或过氧化氢(H2O2)存在下,生成激发态中间体,当其回到基态时发光,其波长为425nm。该系统的代表是AmerliteTM发光酶免分析系统,目前用于临床检测的试剂盒有甲状腺功能检测的促甲状腺素、三碘甲腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、甲状腺素结合球蛋白、游离甲状腺素,与性激素有关的有促黄体激素、促卵泡激素、人绒毛膜促性腺激素、雌二醇、睾酮,以及其他方面如甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原、铁蛋白、地高辛等。
ALP标记的CLIA所用底物为环1,2-二氧乙烷衍生物,这是一类很有前途的发光底物,用于化学发光酶免分析底物而设计的分子结构中包含起稳定作用的基团—金刚烷基,其分子中发光基团为芳香基团和酶作用的基团,在酶及起动发光试剂作用下引起化学发光。最常使用的底物是AMPPD[3-(2’-spiroadaman-tane)4-methoxy-4-(3’-phosphoryloxy)-phenyl-1,2-dioxetane],中文名为:3-(2’-螺金刚烷)-4-甲氧基-4-(3’-磷酰氧基)-苯基-1,2-环二氧乙烷,该化合物由法国巴斯德研究所拥有专利,Meck公司合成。底物在碱性磷酸酶(ALP)作用下,磷酸酯基发生水解而脱去一个磷酸基,得到一个中等稳定的中间体AMPD(半衰期为2~30min),此中间体经分子内电子转移裂解为一分子的金刚烷酮和一分子处于激发态的间氧苯甲酸甲酯阴离子,当其回到基态时产生470nm的光,可持续几十分钟。AMPPD为磷酸酯酶的直接化学发光底物,可用来检测碱性磷酸酯酶或酶和抗体、核酸探针及其它配基的结合物。可检测到碱性磷酸酯酶的浓度为10-15mol/L。美国DPC公司的Immulite全自动酶放大发光免疫分析仪,以碱性磷酸酶为标记物,以金刚烷作发光底物,采用聚苯乙烯珠作载体,测定灵敏度相当于10-21mol/mL的酶。美国贝克曼库尔特公司推出的ACCESSOR全自动微粒子化学发光免疫分析系统[23],是由法国巴斯德研究所将微粒子化学发光技术发展应用设计的。其采用AMPPD-ALP发光系统,以微粒子(0.7μ)作载体,表面积大、结合快、达到最大发光信号时间短、反应及分离速度快,缩短了分析时间,有效提高了灵敏度和准确性。该系统可全自动控制整个测定和数据分析处理,具有批量和任选测定24个项目的能力和急诊插入功能,平均检测速度100T/h,冷藏试剂盘可放24种试剂,探针直接插入试剂盒,并自动封闭,直至试剂用完,不污染不浪费。超声波技术被用于搅拌使微粒悬混均匀并加速反应,用于探针取样液面检查保证取样准确,用于洗涤时减少交叉污染。由美国雅培公司生产的AxSYM全自动免疫发光分析仪将三种技术于一机,可用于非均相标记微粒子酶免发光分析(MEIA)、离子捕捉发光分析(ICIA)和均相标记荧光偏振免疫发光技术(FPIA),目前已有83个检测项目可供临床应用。
化学发光免疫分析技术具有灵敏度高、所需时间短、无放射性污染等特点,现已从实验室研究进入常规临床诊断应用。随着各种自动发光分析仪器的面市,以及不同类型的化学发光免疫分析试剂盒的不断推出,势必进一步推动化学发光免疫分析技术的迅速发展。另外,发光分析在用于DNA探针,蛋白印迹分析及药代动力学等方面也将越来越显示其优越性。用葡萄糖氧化酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶作为标记物的化学发光免疫分析在生物学研究中也具有广泛的用途。
本发明用噬菌体展示技术制备cTnI抗体,纯化后用辣根过氧化物酶标记,优化鲁米诺-H2O2-肉桂酸-四苯硼钠化学发光体系,建立了检测人心肌肌钙蛋白(cTnI)的定量检测方法,该方法检测灵敏度为0.2ng/ml,线性范围为0.4~50ng/ml,批内精密度平均9.0%,批间精密度平均11.8%,回收率为104.2%,血红蛋白浓度在0~50nmol/L,总胆红素在0~15μmol/L,甘油三脂在0~2.0mmol/L对测定结果无影响。与ELISA方法比较,相关系数r=0.9852(p>0.05)。用该方法检测了138例临床血清标本,诊断符合率为96.15%。
本发明的技术方案为:
1、用肉桂酸作发光增强剂,四苯硼钠作协同增强剂,以辣根过氧化物酶催化鲁米诺-H2O2发光。
2、用鲁米诺-H2O2-肉桂酸-四苯硼钠体系作检测系统,用cTnI抗体标记的辣根过氧化物酶催化发光系统,发光强度与标本中cTnI的量成正比,根据标准曲线计算标本中cTnI的浓度。
四.具体实施方式
抗体的制备
PC89-cTnI95-108质粒及pFD5-cTnI质粒转化XL1-Blue感受态细胞,挑单菌落接种Amp+Tet双抗LB培养液扩大培养,加入1012PFU的VCSM13进行超感染,超感染后的噬菌体用40g/L的PEG 8000及30g/L的NaCl纯化2次,调整噬菌体浓度为0.25mg/ml,加佐剂制成油包水乳剂,免疫新西兰白兔,加强免疫5次后用ELISA方法测定抗体滴度,兔血清用半饱和硫酸铵沉淀粗提,沉淀用适量PBS溶解后,采用Sephedex G-200凝胶层析分离纯化免疫球蛋白G(IgG)。
抗体的酶标记
辣根过氧化物酶与抗体以1∶1混合,在酸性缓冲液(0.1M MES,0.9M NaCl,0.02%NaN3,pH4.7)中用EDC方法进行连接,反应完成后用Sephedex G-75凝胶层析进行纯化,分部收集,用紫外分光光度计测OD280吸光度值,测定各峰辣根过氧化物酶活性及抗体活性,结果显示,辣根过氧化物酶活性峰及抗体活性峰基本重叠,标记结果良好。
化学发光免疫分析方法的建立
增强剂协同作用发光体系的发光体系条件的优化
用正交设计确定最后优化的发光体系:鲁米诺(4.5mmol/L),H2O2(7.5mmol/L),四苯硼钠(0.8mmol/L),肉桂酸(0.4mmol/L),以pH8.5的0.05mmol/L Tris缓冲液作为缓冲系统。该发光体系发光值比肉桂酸或四苯硼钠单独使用时分别增加2.19和2.05倍,比优化前增加1.18倍,见表1。
Table1 Effects of different enhancers
Group number Enhancer n CL(Mean±SD)
A p-CA 5 531±46
B NaTPB 5 567±54
C p-CA+NaTPB(before optimized) 5 985±73*
D p-CA+NaTPB(after optimized) 5 1164±97**
*:A versus C p<0.01,B versus C p<0.01,**:A versus D p<0.01,B versus Dp<0.01,C versus D p<0.05。
抗体-酶标记物工作浓度、标准曲线及灵敏度
用0~100ng的标准系列加系列稀释的抗体-酶标记物,结果显示:抗体-酶标记物最适浓度为1∶500,cTnI在0.4~50ng/ml范围内,浓度与发光强度有良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9952(p<0.01),回归方程为:logΔCL=1.0431+1.1302log[cTnI]。cTnI在0.2ng/ml时发光值减去3×SD仍大于空白管,因此0.2ng/ml为本法的检测下限。
批内及批间精密度
取高(50ng/ml)、中(10ng/ml)、低(1.0ng/ml)三个浓度,各作5次平行测定,三个不同浓度的样品每间隔2周测定一次,4次测定,计算批内及批间变异系数,见表2。
Table 2 Intra-assay and Inter-assay Precision
Precision cTnI ng/ml Mean ng/ml SD CV(%)
Intra-Assay 1.00 0.99 0.07 7.1
n=5 10.00 11.24 0.92 8.2
50.00 61.73 7.28 11.8
Inter-Assay 1.00 0.98 0.08 8.2
n=4 10.00 12.30 1.17 9.5
50.00 62.84 11.06 17.6
回收实验
已知cTnI浓度(2.40ng/ml)的样品中加入不同量的cTnI(1-50ng/ml),平均回收率为104.2%,见表3。
Table 3 Recovery Test
Sample Expected cTnI(ng/ml) Observed cTnI(ng/ml) Recovery(%)
1 3.40 3.13 92.0
2 4.90 4.84 98.8
3 9.90 9.90 100.0
4 14.90 16.61 111.4
5 52.40 62.73 119.7
干扰实验
用不同浓度的血红蛋白,总胆红素,甘油三脂作干扰试验。结果表明:血红蛋白浓度在0~50nmol/L,总胆红素在0~15μmol/L,甘油三脂在0~2.0mmol/L对测定结果无影响。
CLIA检测方法的临床应用
对112例门诊体检血清标本及26例临床确诊为心肌炎或急性心肌梗死的病人血清标本,用CLIA方法和ELISA方法同时检测,结果显示两法无显著性差异(p>0.05),相关系数r=0.9852,回归方程Y=1.193-1.006X(Y为CLIA方法测定值,X为ELISA方法测定值),按95%可信区间,计算正常人参考范围的上限为2.12ng/ml,26例病人血清标本有25例测定值大于2.12ng/ml,诊断符合率为96.15%。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于临床及实验室检测使用的化学发光系统,该系统的特征在于用肉桂酸作发光增强剂,四苯硼钠作协同增强剂,以辣根过氧化物酶催化鲁米诺-H2O2发光。
2.根据权利要求1所述发光系统,其特征在于用鲁米诺-H2O2-肉桂酸-四苯硼钠体系作检测系统,用人心肌肌钙蛋白I抗体标记的辣根过氧化物酶催化发光系统,发光强度与标本中人心肌肌钙蛋白I的量成正比,根据标准曲线计算标本中人心肌肌钙蛋白I的浓度。
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