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CN1292857A - 电熔连接件 - Google Patents

电熔连接件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1292857A
CN1292857A CN998038881A CN99803888A CN1292857A CN 1292857 A CN1292857 A CN 1292857A CN 998038881 A CN998038881 A CN 998038881A CN 99803888 A CN99803888 A CN 99803888A CN 1292857 A CN1292857 A CN 1292857A
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cover
mentioned
pipe
diameter
melting welding
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CN1119546C (zh
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托马斯·安德松
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KUNGSELS PLAST AB
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KUNGSELS PLAST AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B29C66/12821—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12841—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52292—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being internal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52294—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being heated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52298—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket being composed by several elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/725—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs
    • B29C66/7252—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs hollow-walled
    • B29C66/72523—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs hollow-walled multi-channelled or multi-tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/97—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts
    • B29C66/976—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts by the use of an indicator pin, e.g. being integral with one of the parts to be joined

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)

Abstract

一种连接塑料管的熔焊套(18),宜于以紧配合方式接纳拟连在一起的管部件(1,2)。套(18)的端部(19)的直径大于套中部(20)的直径,上述端部的直径宜以紧配合方式接纳外管(1),中部的直径宜以紧配合方式接纳双层管道的内管(2),双层管道包括两根同轴的管和一个漏泄探测空间(3)。套(18)包括电阻丝构成的线圈(24—27),该线圈可使套材料局部地与双层管道的内管(2)和外管(1)的材料熔在一起,从而借助于套将双层管连在一起。该套还包括至少一个通道(21),该通道连接套中中间套部(20)的空间。

Description

电熔连接件
本发明关于用来使塑料管连在一起的电熔连接件，其中该连接件包括一个焊接套，该焊接套宜以紧配合方式接纳管的端部，它还装有电阻丝的线圈，线圈通电时使焊接套的材料与线圈位置的管壁材料熔焊在一起。
这种连接件通常用于连接塑料管和将塑料管连到管弯头、T形件或类似件上。焊接套通常在其中部具有朝内凸出的台肩，在台肩的一侧上具有电阻线圈。当两根管连在一起时，管端可插入套中，一直插到被台肩止动时为止，然后连接管于的人可以知道管子已在套中正确地对中了。然后线圈通电，套子内表面的材料与管端的材料将由于电阻丝加热而局部地熔合在一起。
这是一种非常简单而有效的将单独管道连在一起的方法。如天然气传输安装的许多安装工作中要求采用双层管道，亦即该管道包括两根同轴的管，它们制成在径向内、外管之间具有一环形空间。该空间除了用于增加周围地面上防止漏泄的完全性外，还用于检测内、外管上可能出现的任何漏泄。在这种空间中含有一种气体，最好是压力大于或低于大气压力的空气，这样可通过监视上述空间的压力来检测漏泄情况。重要的是管了之间的空间中的压力变化可沿着管道系统的监视区的整个长度上扩散，当这样的管子连接时，内管必须连上，外管也必须连上，这样在相互连接的双层管道中的环形空间之间可得到连通。
当采用一般的连接件进行上述连接时，首先要借助于熔焊套将内管连接在一起，该套在第一次熔化操作中与管子熔合在一起。在此之前，必须首先将剖面缩小的套子放在每个管端上，外管紧密地进入每个这些套子的一部分中，较大直径部分将接纳用于内管的内部熔焊套。这些缩径套拟借助于大直径的外焊套来连接。另外在将内管焊在一起之前还必须将这些外套推到管端上。然后在第二次焊接操作中将缩径套和其它焊接套相对于外管来焊接在一起。
在T形接头的情况下则需要大量的构件和操作工作。因此采用传统的熔焊套来连接双层管道是化费很大的，因为必须采用大量的构件并必须进行多次的焊接操作。尤其是在不同的操作中焊接分开的管子是很费时间的。
本发明的主要目的是提供一种技术，它可大大简化双层管连在一起的工作。
为此，一个目的是借助于单个熔焊连接件来将双层管道连在一起。
另一个目的是在连接T形接头时能使所有的焊接操作同时进行。
本发明基于下列事实，借助于一个熔焊连接件或焊接套来达到这些目的，该焊接套包括直径相互不同部分，这些部分将分别包住双层管道的外管和内管；还包括为用焊接套连在一起的双层管道的环形空间之间提供连通的通道。
下面描述的及权利要求中的管子连接和管连接操作指的是：两个双层管道连接在一起、一个这样的管道连接到接头块、管弯头、T形接头或类似件上，这些连接中包括双层管或在其壁上提供按本发明要求的在双层管道的管之间的空间连通的通道。
前面限定的这种熔焊连接件的特殊特征包括：焊接套的直径在其端部比沿其中间部分的要大，上述端部的直径宜于以紧配合方式接纳双层管道的外管，沿上述中部的直径宜以紧配合方式接纳双层管道的内管，该双层管道包括两根同轴的管和上述管之间的漏泄探测空间，该套包括电阻丝的加热线圈，在对其供电时能局部熔化套的材料和双层管的内管和外管的材料，从而借助于熔焊套将双层管连在一起，熔焊套包括至少一个通道，该通道连接中间部分两侧上的套子中的空间。
这种熔焊套能借助于单个构件来将双层管道连在一起，并可在外部电压加到套上的两个终端上时，仅用一个步骤就可进行所有的必须的熔焊操作。这大大地有利于连接双层管道时必须进行的工作，并使该工作的化费较少。另外，采用单个焊接套还能从管道外部检查内管是否已被正确焊接。
现将参照示例性的实施例和附图详细描述本发明。
图1表示采用传统熔焊套的双层管的接头。
图2表示借助于传统熔焊套对双层管进行T形连接的接头。
图3表示用于将两个双层管连在一起的创造性的熔焊套。
图4表示借助本发明的熔焊套来连接双层管的T形接头。
在图1中，数字1表示双层管的外管，数字2表示内管，数字3表示内、外管之间的自由空间。这种管子与其它构件一起用于传输天然气之类的气体用的地下管道。双层管增强了抗漏性，任何穿过内管2的流体将收集在管之间的环形空间3中的传送管子的最低点。
环形空间3也可用作漏泄控制装置，其中该空间填充压力高于或低于大气压的气体、也可以是空气，可以通过监视空间3的压力检查内管2和外管1的漏泄情况。
然而当将这种管子连在一起时，出现的问题是内、外管之间的环形通道3必须在接头位置密封，从而封住内管2的空间和外管1外部的大气。
图1表示在使用传统的熔焊套时对这种接头存在的影响。在这种情况下具有如下过程：
移动外管1，将一缩径套4装到该相应管子的一端上。套4具有圆筒形部分5，该部分5设计成一个熔焊套，套上装有电阻丝形成的加热线圈，可通过两个终端6和7给电阻丝供电。缩径套4具有大直径的第二圆筒形部分8。部分5的直径做成使外管1能以紧配合插入。熔焊套9装在一个管端上，上述熔焊套的直径大到足以以紧配合方式装在缩径套4的圆筒部分8上。熔焊套9的每一端上装有电阻线圈，上述线圈由终端10、11供电。
然后内管2的暴露端插入内熔焊套12的中部，内熔焊套12的设计与上述套9相同，它具连到相应的终端13、14的两个电阻丝线圈。
在第一熔焊操作中，电压加到终端13和14上，对该套的电阻丝线圈供电，从而加热套材12和内管2端部的材料，从而使套12熔焊到相应的管端上，紧密地连接内管2。然后缩径套4移到相应外管上的图示位置，外熔焊套9移到使其中部位于缩径套的部分8之间的连接点上，然后在相应终端6、7和10、11上加上电压，从而使缩径套4的圆筒部分与相应的外管、以及熔焊套9与相应的缩径套4的端部熔焊在一起。这可在两个依次焊接操作中做到、或一次操作同时做到。
因此，为了使四个构件形成这样的连接，至少需要两次熔焊操作，必须在不同点上及时进行这些操作。因此该管连接工作是费时费力的。另外，由于可用于检测的指示装置15被外焊接套蔽住，因此以后不能检查内管是否被正确焊接。
图2表示采用传统的技术来连接所谓T形接头的三个双层管的情况。正如图中所示，这项操作需要采用大量的构件。首先，内管必须与内部的T形管部分16连在一起，内管12与图1所示直管连接中所用的同样类型三个焊接套12连接。然后必须将外部的T形管部分17以与图1所示直管连接相类似的方法、借助于缩径焊接套4和外焊接套9连到外管1上。因此要求共计11个构件和至少两次分开的焊接操作，这就又费时又费钱。正如前面所述情况一样，不可能在管件系统的最终检查时检查连接内管的焊接操作是否已正确进行。
图3表示采用本发明的熔焊套18来连接两个双层管道，该管道包括外管1、内管2和中间的环形空间3。套18包括两个端部19，端部19的直径使外管1以紧配合方式装入。套18的中部20具有较小的直径，它以紧配合方式接纳内管2。中部20被钻成若干通道21，这些通道21连接中部20两侧上的套18中的空间。这些通道可在制造套18时，通过安装符合要求的数量的窄的管形件、如2-4根钢管来形成。
本发明的套18以下列方式进行连接。
正如前面的情况一样，除去待连接的外管1的端部，然后将内管2插入套18的具有最小直径的部分20中，一直接触到向内凸出的止动法兰时为止，此时表示该套位于接头的中部。与此同时，外管2已插入具有最大直径的套18的部分19中。外管1比内管2缩短了一定程度，在外管的相应端部和套18中部20的相邻端部之间形成一间隙22。显然，所有这些工作均可在一个操作步骤中完成。
套18中埋有四个电阻线圈24、25、26、27，其中两个24、25埋在大直径的圆筒形套部分19内，另两个26、27埋在小直径的圆筒形套部分20中。所有这些线圈串联在一起分别电连接到终端28和29上。上述终端28和29上加上电压时，加热的线圈将在一次相同的操作中使套18熔焊在外管1上和内管2上。
借助于上述通道21可使相应双层管的环形间隙3之间获得连通。材料焊在一起的位置可在管道系统外进行检查，在以后可借助于一般的填有材料的孔来看出材料是否已被熔化到所需要的程度。这种连接可在很短的时间内实现，同时仅采用了简单的构件并仅进行了简单的熔焊操作。
正如图中所示，还包括一内套筒30，它跨接在内管2之间的接头上。该套筒的唯一用途是连接内管的内导电层31，从而在液态介质流过该管时避免可能出现的任何静电。因此套筒30可用导电材料制成，它宜具有一定的弹性，使它以一定的力贴靠管的内层。该套筒不具有上述的连接功能，因此在管子之间不必电连接时可以省略。
图4表示一种方法，在该方法中采用本发明的熔焊套将三根双层管以T形形式连在一起。
在这种情况下要求有一个包括内管32和外管33的T形管部分31，在连接管道中的环形空间3通过通道34相互连通。通道34可通过相应外管33内表面上的凹槽或在T形管部分的外管33中装上弯曲的管子来形成。
这种T形管部分31可借助于图3所示的那种熔焊套作每个连接接头连接到上述双层管道上。
在图4中，每个焊接套包括连接端，如果需要的话，它们可通过相互独立的操作焊接到外管和内管上。当然，这些操作也能同时进行，它们也可具有成对形式的终端。这里所用的焊接套宜采用如图3所示的熔焊套。本实施例还包括在内管的内部导电层之间建立电连接的导电套筒30，从而引导可能产生的静电。
从图4可以看得很清楚，这种T形连接仅借助于4个构件，而不是用如图2的先有技术时要求的11个构件。由于所有的焊接操作均同一次完成，因此相应地节省了费用和时间。在以后的对安装的最终检查时能检查焊接结果。
上面分别参照直接头和T形接头描述了本发明。然而应该看到，本发明还可用于其它方面，如用以连接管的弯头、终端套和连接套以及缩径构件等等。正如本专业技术人员已经知道的，穿过熔焊套中间部分所要求的通道可以各种方法和各种形式获得。主要的原则是能保持连接后管道的环形空间之间的连通。

Claims (8)

1．一种用于将塑料管连在一起的熔焊套，其中套(18)宜以紧配合方式接纳拟连在一起的管部分(1，2)的端部，套(18)中埋有由电阻丝构成的加热线圈(24～27)，当线圈通电时能将套材料熔焊到上述线圈位置的管壁材料上，其特征在于：套(18)的端部(19)的直径大于上述套的中部(20)的直径；上述端部的直径宜于以紧配合方式接纳外管(1)，上述中部的直径宜以紧配合方式接纳双层管道的内管(2)，双层管道包括两根同轴的管子和一个位于上述同轴管子之间的漏泄探测空间(3)；套(18)包括由电阻丝构成的加热线圈(24～27)，该加热线圈能使套材料与双层管道的内管(2)和外管(1)的材料熔焊在一起，借助于套使它们在上述线圈的位置上连在一起；套包括至少一个相互连接套中中部(20)两端的通道(21)。
2．按照权利要求1的熔焊套，其特征在于：至少一个通道(21)在离拟连到套(18)上的双层管道的外管(1)插入上述套中的位置的一定的距离上展开。
3．按照权利要求1或2的熔焊套，其特征在于它还包括装在上述套上的环形件形式的2～4个通道(21)。
4．按照权利要求1～3中任何一个的熔焊套，其特征在于：套(18)包括4个电阻丝的线圈，其中两个线圈(24，25)埋在具有较大直径的套的端部(19)，另两个(26，27)埋在上述较小直径的中间的套部分(20)中并位于上述中间部分的中点的两侧上。
5．按照权利要求4的熔焊套，其特征在于：线圈(24～27)相互连接并连接到套(18)的两个共用的终端(28，29)上。
6．按照权利要求5的熔焊套，其特征在于：所有线圈(24～27)串联在上述终端(28，29)之间。
7．按照权利要求6～7中任何一个的熔焊套，其特征在于：上述较小直径的中间的套部分(20)包括在套(18)中部的向内凸出的止动件(22)。
8．按照权利要求7的熔焊套，其特征在于：上述止动件(22)具有环形法兰的形式。
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CN114636039A (zh) * 2022-05-17 2022-06-17 浙江大学 自传感智能电熔管件、流量和泄漏检测系统及方法

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SE9800789L (sv) 1999-09-12
EP1062454B2 (en) 2006-07-05
DE69900161D1 (de) 2001-07-26
CA2321764C (en) 2007-10-09
DE29923851U1 (de) 2001-08-02
EP1062454A1 (en) 2000-12-27
AU2864699A (en) 1999-09-27
PL342758A1 (en) 2001-07-02
US6394502B1 (en) 2002-05-28
CN1119546C (zh) 2003-08-27
PL190278B1 (pl) 2005-11-30
SE9800789D0 (sv) 1998-03-11
CA2321764A1 (en) 1999-09-16
EP1062454B1 (en) 2001-06-20
ATE202409T1 (de) 2001-07-15
WO1999046532A1 (en) 1999-09-16
SE511673C2 (sv) 1999-11-08
ID26411A (id) 2000-12-21
AU744221B2 (en) 2002-02-21
DE69900161T2 (de) 2001-10-04
RU2213901C2 (ru) 2003-10-10

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