CN113917181A - Spiral liquid film speed measuring sensor and method based on electrolyte tracing method - Google Patents
Spiral liquid film speed measuring sensor and method based on electrolyte tracing method Download PDFInfo
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- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于电解质示踪法的螺旋环状流液膜速度测量传感器，包括：测量管道，固定在测量管道内壁的上游电极组和下游电极组和电解质注射孔，其中，测量管道为非导电测量管道，上游电极组和下游电极组分别包含多个分布在测量管道周边的电极对，每对电极分为激励端和接收端，用于检测局部液膜的电阻率变化；电解质注射孔设置在靠近上游电极组的位置。本发明同时提供采用所述的传感器实现的基于电解质示踪法的螺旋液膜速度测量方法。
The invention relates to a spiral annular flow liquid film velocity measuring sensor for electrolyte tracing method, comprising: a measuring pipe, an upstream electrode group and a downstream electrode group fixed on the inner wall of the measuring pipe, and an electrolyte injection hole, wherein the measuring pipe is The non-conductive measuring pipe, the upstream electrode group and the downstream electrode group respectively include a plurality of electrode pairs distributed around the measuring pipe, each pair of electrodes is divided into an excitation end and a receiving end, which are used to detect the resistivity change of the local liquid film; the electrolyte injection hole Set close to the upstream electrode group. The invention also provides a method for measuring the velocity of a spiral liquid film based on the electrolyte tracing method realized by using the sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement, and relates to a spiral annular flow liquid film velocity measuring device and method.
Background
Spiral annular flow is common in many industrial fields such as turbines, separators, combustors, etc. In recent years, spiral annular flow has also been used in oil and gas wellhead measurements. The spiral annular flow is similar to the straight annular flow, and liquid films flow on the pipe wall, and the center of the pipeline is a gas core flowing at high speed. Helical annular flow has fewer entrained droplets than straight tubular annular flow, and the helical liquid film has both an axial velocity and a tangential velocity component. After the spiral annular flow flows out of the spiral flow generating device, the spiral annular flow has attenuation characteristics, namely, the tangential velocity gradually attenuates along with two-phase flow along with the change of the flow distance, and the spiral annular flow tends to be recovered to straight-tube flow. Based on the above factors, the measurement complexity of the spiral liquid film velocity is far difficult to be measured by the straight tube liquid film velocity. Common methods for measuring the liquid film velocity in straight pipe annular flow include an electrical method, an ultrasonic method, a high-speed camera method, a laser induced fluorescence imaging method (PLIF) and the like, and the liquid film velocity is measured by adopting signal processing technologies such as tracing or cross-correlation and the like through the similarity of liquid film fluctuation.
Compared with the measurement of the speed of the straight pipe annular fluid film, the measurement of the speed of the spiral fluid film has three technical difficulties:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: due to the existence of centrifugal force, the disturbance wave of the spiral annular fluid film interface can be inhibited to a certain degree, so that the disturbance wave is less obvious than that of the straight tube fluid film;
II, secondly: the tangential momentum of the unforced spiral annular flow can be attenuated along with the increase of the flow distance, namely the flow direction of the spiral liquid film is changed along with the change of the position, so that the measurement of the flow velocity of the liquid film by adopting an upstream and downstream signal cross-correlation method is difficult to realize;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: since the spiral annular flow is not a fully developed flow, the gas-liquid turbulence is strong, and when the gas-liquid flow rate is high, a spiral flow line is formed by a fluctuating interface and small bubbles, which cause extremely poor transparency of the spiral liquid film, as shown in fig. 1.
Based on the complexity of the spiral liquid film, the research on methods for simultaneously measuring the axial flow velocity and the tangential flow velocity of the annular flow is rare. The published patent application CN 107101681 a uses a high-speed imaging method to mix gas phase small bubbles into a liquid film as natural tracer particles, and measures the flow velocity of the bubbles by using the track length of the bubbles and the exposure time captured by a high-speed camera, and regards the flow velocity as the flow velocity of a spiral liquid film. Obviously, when the gas-liquid two-phase flow velocity is high, the tracing effect of the bubbles becomes poor, and the minute bubbles in the liquid film are difficult to be captured by the high-speed camera. The patent CN104121955A discloses that different ultrasonic probe distribution methods are adopted to measure the average flow rate and the total flow rate of the liquid film of the liquid-liquid spiral flow. However, the propagation of the acoustic wave is affected by the temperature, and also when the turbulence of the liquid film surface is strong, the reflected ultrasonic signal at the phase interface also has strong noise, and these errors are difficult to compensate and correct.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the measurement target and the existing technical method, the invention provides a spiral liquid film speed measuring device and method based on a conductance method. The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
a spiral annular flow liquid film velocity measuring sensor for electrolyte tracing, comprising: the measuring pipeline is a non-conductive measuring pipeline, the upstream electrode group and the downstream electrode group respectively comprise a plurality of electrode pairs distributed on the periphery of the measuring pipeline, and each pair of electrodes is divided into an excitation end and a receiving end and is used for detecting the resistivity change of a local liquid film; the electrolyte injection holes are located adjacent to the upstream electrode set.
Further, let D be the inner diameter of the measuring pipe, and the center line distance between the upstream electrode set U and the downstream electrode set D be Lx，LxBetween 0.5D and 10D.
Furthermore, the width W of each electrode is 0.002 m-0.010 m; the centerline distance L' between the excitation end and the receiving end of each electrode pair is 0.003 m-0.020 m.
The invention also provides a spiral liquid film speed measuring method based on the electrolyte tracing method, which is realized by the sensor, electrolyte solution is injected into an injection hole at the front end of a certain electrode pair of an upstream electrode group, after the electrolyte solution is injected, a signal measured by the electrode pair of the upstream electrode group is subjected to mutation, the electrode pair with the signal subjected to mutation and the largest change amplitude in a downstream electrode group is found along with the flow of a spiral annular flow liquid film, the time difference of two signal mutations is the time of the movement of the liquid film, and the axial speed and the tangential speed of the spiral annular flow liquid film are obtained by the following steps:
ul＝Lx/Δt
wl＝Lθ/Δt
in the formula, Lx and LθRespectively representing the axial distance and the circumferential distance, m, of the fluid flowing through the speed measuring sensor; at represents the time, s, of the liquid film movement measured by the spiral annular flow liquid film velocity measuring sensor. Axial velocity ulAnd tangential velocity wlThe units of (A) are all m/s.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a spiral annular fluid film under a high-speed camera, the working condition of which is a gas phase apparent flow velocity USG15m/s, and the liquid content by volume, LVF, is 1%.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spiral annular flow velocity measurement sensor, which is made of non-conductive material.
Reference numerals: 1-injection hole; 2-an upstream electrode set; 3-a downstream electrode set; 4-non-conductive measuring pipe
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spiral annular flow velocity measurement system, which mainly includes an excitation module, a receiving module, a signal conversion module, a signal conditioning module, an upper computer, and a data acquisition module.
Fig. 4 is a signal processing flow chart of the spiral annular flow velocity measuring apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the raw signals collected by the spiral toroidal flow velocity measurement apparatus.
(FIG. 5 Experimental conditions: pressure 0.1MPa, volume water content 2%, gas phase apparent flow rate 10m/s, three times of electrolyte solution co-injection)
FIG. 6 shows the difference in time between the upstream and downstream signal mutations after electrolyte injection.
FIG. 7 shows the results of the spiral annular flow velocity measurement system measuring the axial average velocity of the liquid film at different positions of the pipeline when the gas phase apparent flow velocity is 12m/s and the volume liquid content is changed from 0-3%. And X is the distance from the tail end of the spinner, n is a positive real number, and R is the radius of the pipeline.
FIG. 8 shows the results of measuring the tangential average velocity of a liquid film at different positions in a pipeline by a spiral circular flow velocity measuring system when the gas phase apparent flow velocity is 12m/s and the volume liquid content is changed from 0-3%.
FIG. 9 shows the difference between three different measurement results of the axial average velocity of the liquid film measured by the spiral annular flow velocity measurement system at a position 4 times the diameter of the pipe from the tail end of the screw driver and the average value when the gas phase apparent flow velocity is 12m/s and the volume liquid content is changed from 0-3%, that is, the repeated measurement result of the axial liquid film average velocity.
FIG. 10 shows the difference between three different measurement results of the tangential average velocity of the liquid film measured by the spiral annular flow velocity measurement system at a position 4 times the diameter of the pipe from the tail end of the screw driver and the average value when the gas phase apparent flow velocity is 12m/s and the volume liquid content is changed from 0 to 3%, that is, the repeated measurement result of the tangential liquid film average velocity.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a liquid film velocity measuring device applied to spiral annular flow in industry. The device and the method are different from the traditional liquid film speed measuring device and method, the problem of simultaneously measuring the axial flow speed and the tangential flow speed of the spiral liquid film is solved through an electrolyte tracing method and multi-electrode design, the design principle is simple, the installation is convenient, complex algorithm compensation is not needed, and the device and the method have wider applicability.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: a high concentration of electrolyte solution can cause a drastic change in the local conductivity of the liquid membrane. The flow distance of the liquid film in the axial direction and the tangential direction is marked according to the high-concentration electrolyte solution, and the liquid film velocity is calculated according to the time difference of the marked fluid passing through the upstream sensor and the downstream sensor.
The principle schematic diagram of the sensor is shown in figure 2, and the spiral annular flow liquid film velocity measuring sensor is mainly divided into a 1-upstream electrode group (U), a 2-downstream electrode group (D), a 3-injection hole and a 4-non-conductive measuring pipeline. The inner wall of the measuring pipeline is embedded with a plurality of groups of conductive electrodes to sense the conductivity change, and after electrolyte is injected, the electric signals between the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode flowing through the measuring pipeline are mutated due to the change of the local resistivity of the liquid film. The speed measuring method provided by the invention has a simple principle, does not relate to a soft field effect, does not need to consider the problems of reflection and refraction of signals such as light waves and sound waves, and can still realize accurate measurement of the axial flow velocity and the tangential flow velocity of the liquid film when the gas-liquid two-phase flow velocity is high and the turbulence is strong.
The spiral annular flow velocity measuring device can be horizontally installed, namely, a gas-liquid two-phase flow forms a spiral annular flow with an axial velocity component and a tangential velocity component after flowing through the spiral device, and a measuring result can be obtained after passing through the speed measuring sensor. The spiral annular flow velocity measuring devices are installed in series, and the spiral annular flow film velocity at any position in the pipe section can be measured by different sensor lengths and a plurality of sensor combination installation modes. The spiral annular flow velocity measuring device provided by the invention can be suitable for measuring the velocity of a spiral liquid film in various installation modes such as horizontal installation, vertical installation, inclined installation and the like.
The spiral annular flow velocity measuring device provided by the invention is mainly divided into an excitation source, a velocity measuring sensor, a signal conversion module, a signal conditioning module, an upper computer and a data acquisition module, and is shown in figure 3. Electrolyte solution with certain concentration is injected through the injection hole 3 at the front end of the upstream electrode U1, after the injection, the signal measured by the upstream electrode changes abruptly, and as the liquid film flows, the signal changes abruptly at a certain electrode of the downstream electrode D2. The time difference between two abrupt signal changes is the time delta t of the liquid film movement. The axial distance of the liquid film flowing is the distance L between the upstream and downstream electrodes and the center linexThe circumferential distance can be determined according to the circumferential distance L between the upstream electrode and the downstream electrode corresponding to the position below the injection pointθ. The upstream of the sensor adopted in the experiment has 12 pairs of uniformly distributed electrodes U1～U12The central lines of each pair of electrodes are spaced by 30 degrees, and the downstream is provided with 18 pairs of uniformly distributed electrodes D1～D18The electrodes of each pair are spaced 20 ° apart on the centerline. At U1The electrolyte solution is injected through the injection hole right above, the voltage signals of a plurality of groups of conductance patches with D groups of electrodes at the downstream are selected in the graph of fig. 5, the signals of the D8, D9, D10 and D11 all generate mutation, and the change amplitude of the D8 electrode is the largest. This phenomenon is mainly due to the fact that the electrolyte concentration in the electrolyte solution is significantly higher than the measured liquid, and some diffusion occurs. Experiment of mass flowIt is demonstrated that although diffusion occurs, there must be some electrode that measures significantly higher than the adjacent electrode. L isθThe method comprises the following steps:
since the liquid film itself has volatility and a certain amount of electrolyte needs to be injected, so that the rising edge of the signal has a certain fluctuation when the electrolyte is injected, in order to avoid the time error introduced by this problem, the signal processing method described in fig. 4 should be adopted to preprocess the signal, the processed signal is as shown in fig. 6, and the time difference Δ t is the difference between the upstream and downstream non-zero starting point times:
Δt＝t2-t1
the axial velocity and the tangential velocity of the spiral annular flow liquid film can be obtained by the following formula:
ul＝Lx/Δt
wl＝Lθ/Δt
FIGS. 7 and 8 show the average axial flow velocity and the average tangential flow velocity of the liquid film at different positions of the spiral annular flow passing through the outlet of the spiral rotor at different volume liquid contents under normal pressure and at the gas phase apparent flow velocity of 12m/s, respectively. As shown, at a fixed gas phase superficial flow rate, both axial and tangential velocities tend to increase with increasing volumetric liquid fraction. And when the flow distance is gradually increased, the tangential velocity in the flow direction is gradually reduced due to the momentum loss caused by friction and the influence of gravity, and the axial velocity is gradually increased as a result of the attenuation of the tangential momentum of the spiral flow as the gravitational potential energy and part of the rotational kinetic energy are converted into the axial kinetic energy.
In the experiment, in order to ensure the reliability of experimental data, data is acquired three times under each experimental operating condition point, and the repeatability of the measurement result is shown in fig. 9 and 10. The repeatability of the measurement was calculated according to the following formula:
wherein S represents the repeatability of each experimental operating point (S represents the repeatability only in the formula), N represents the number of data measurement, and N is 3, xiWhich represents the value of each of the measurements,
the average value for each experimental point is shown. In the actual flow experiment, the repeatability of the whole measurement is the maximum value of the repeatability of all experimental o' clock, and in the experiment, the repeatability of the measurement is 0.035 m/s.
In addition, it should be noted that since the upstream and downstream small conductance electrodes themselves have a certain length and width, certain errors are inevitably introduced in the measurement length, and the most ideal experimental result is that the signal abrupt change values of two or three downstream electrodes are equivalent, so that the true position of the signal point at the downstream receiving end cannot be obtained, thereby causing measurement deviation of the tangential velocity. The measurement error that will be caused at this time will be exemplified below. Taking the working point that the apparent flow rate of the gas phase is 20m/s, the volume liquid content is 3 percent as an example, the time difference of three measurements is 30ms, 30ms and 26ms respectively, and the average time difference delta t of the three measurements is 28.67 ms. As shown in FIG. 2, assume upstream is represented by U1The electrode receives the signal, and the real position of the downstream fluid micro-cluster traced by the electrolyte is D13The center of the electrode, if the measurement is received, the final misjudgment is D because the electrolyte is seriously diffused and can not be distinguished12Or D14Then the error introduced at this time is:
the true liquid film tangential flow velocity is:
if the receiving downstream electrode is judged as D by mistake12The tangential flow velocity of the liquid film is as follows:
if the receiving upstream electrode is judged as D by mistake14The tangential flow velocity of the liquid film is as follows:
therefore, the relative error of misjudging the electrode back-cut speed measurement is D12The relative error of the tangential flow velocity of the liquid film is as follows: 8%, misjudged as D14The relative error of the tangential flow velocity of the liquid film is as follows: 8.27 percent. Therefore, even if the worst measurement result occurs, namely adjacent electrode pairs cannot be predicted, the relative deviation of tangential velocity measurement can still be guaranteed within 10%, and a large number of experiments prove that the measurement result hardly occurs when the concentration of the electrolyte solution is proper.
The feasibility of the spiral annular flow liquid film speed measuring device and method of the electrolyte tracing method claimed in the patent application is demonstrated above.
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| CN115469113A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-12-13 | 河北大学 | Semi-thermal distribution sensor type liquid film flow velocity measuring device and method |
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