CN113772616B - Multi-layer micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of functional surface - Google Patents
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Abstract
A multi-layer micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing the damage resistance of a functional surface comprises a micro-nano composite structure functional layer, an interconnection network structure functional layer and a mechanical artificial structure functional layer which are connected; the micro-nano composite structure functional layer is a micro-column array structure which plays a surface function, the interconnection network structure functional layer is a hard phase and soft phase interconnection structure, the hard phases are connected by a soft phase material to form an unstable parallelogram, and the micro-column structure spontaneously rotates or reconstructs under the action of the stress of a micro-column terminal plane to reduce the apparent values of the stress and the strain of the micro-column terminal; the mechanical artificial structure functional layer is an array structure composed of artificial lattices with reconfigurable mechanical properties, and the stress transmission path and the strain energy density are optimized through time-space domain reconstruction of the artificial lattices, so that the stress concentration of the functional surface is reduced; the invention introduces a dynamic structure, improves the damage tolerance of the surface functional layer, improves the service cycle of the functional surface and ensures the performance of the functional surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional surfaces of micro-nano structures, and particularly relates to a multi-layer micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of a functional surface.
Background
The micro-nano scale structure is constructed on the surface of the material, which is beneficial to improving the surface function of the material and regulating the interface state of the material, so that the functional surface adapting to different requirements is formed, for example, the material has the characteristics of ice resistance, superhydrophobicity, light trapping and the like, and the material has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, microelectronics, new energy and the like.
However, in the service process, under the action of external load, such as particle abrasion, liquid dropping impact, fluid shearing and the like, the functional surface is limited by mechanical properties and structural characteristics of the structure, and can show a local over-high stress or strain state, so that local over-high pressure and stress concentration are caused, and mechanical failures such as collapse, fracture and the like of the structure are caused. Taking an aircraft skin surface functional layer capable of preventing and removing ice as an example, when an aircraft runs at a high speed, the skin surface micro-nano structure can bear higher impact load and concentrated stress and can induce surface mechanical damages such as structural fracture under high-speed impact of dust, sand, rain, snow and the like.
At present, aiming at the problem of damage resistance of a functional surface, main research at home and abroad is concentrated on enhancing and optimizing the static properties of materials and structures, and mainly comprises the steps of enhancing the mechanical properties of micro-nano structural materials and optimizing the structures in a coordinated manner, along with the improvement of the damage resistance requirement, the requirements of the static-based enhancing technology on the materials and the structures are only stricter, the research and development difficulty is also larger, the damage resistance of the functional surface is improved by dynamically changing the properties, and the space of the damage resistance design of the functional surface can be further expanded by introducing the dynamic properties of the materials and the structures.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multi-layer micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing the damage resistance of a functional surface, which improves the stress transmission, distribution and homogenization effects of the functional surface under the action of external load by introducing a dynamic structure and utilizing the geometrical characteristics and the time-varying changes of mechanical properties of the structure, improves the damage resistance tolerance of a surface functional layer, improves the service cycle of the functional surface and ensures the performance of the functional surface.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-layer micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing the damage resistance of a functional surface comprises a micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1, an interconnection network structure functional layer 2 and a mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3 which are connected together;
the micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1 is a micro-column array structure with a surface function, and is used for realizing the required surface function and realizing the surface modification of a material;
the interconnection network structure functional layer 2 is of a hard phase 6 and soft phase 7 interconnection structure and is used for connecting the micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1 and the mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3, the hard phases 6 are connected by soft phase 7 materials to form an unstable parallelogram, and the unstable parallelogram spontaneously rotates or is reconstructed under the action of the stress of the tail end plane of the micro-column 4, so that the load bearing area is increased, and the apparent numerical value of the stress and the strain of the tail end of the micro-column 4 is reduced;
the mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3 is an array structure composed of artificial lattices with reconfigurable mechanical properties, and the stress transmission path and the strain energy density are optimized through time-space domain reconstruction of the artificial lattices, so that the stress concentration of the functional surface is reduced.
The mechanical properties of the artificial lattice with reconfigurable mechanical properties can be changed in stress/strain curve and strain energy density, and the mechanical artificial structural functional layer 3 realizes the mechanical property improvement of local areas, reduces local stress concentration and improves damage resistance through the reconstruction of the mechanical properties of the local artificial lattice.
When external local load acts on the micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1, the loaded micro-column 4 can downwards transfer terminal plane stress to the interconnection network structure functional layer 2, and through the relative rotation effect of the hard phase 6 and the soft phase 7 of the interconnection network structure functional layer 2, the bearing area of the lower end is increased, and the apparent stress is reduced; then, in the process of continuously transmitting the stress downwards, the mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3 improves or changes the mechanical property of a local area by reconstructing the property of the artificial lattice, and adjusts the stress transmission path and the space distribution effect, so that the damage resistance of the area is improved.
The microcolumn 4 of the micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1 comprises a cylinder, a prism and a cone.
The functional nano particles 5 are unevenly distributed in the micro-column 4, the nano particles 5 comprise zero-dimensional quantum dots, one-dimensional nanowires, two-dimensional nano sheets and the like, and different distribution modes lead to uneven mechanical properties of each area of the micro-column 4, so that the micro-column 4 is subjected to different morphological changes under the action of external load, the morphological changes comprise bending, rotation and torsion, and the fracture resistance of the micro-column 4 array is improved.
The size of the micropillars 4 is in the submicron or micrometer scale.
The planar shapes of the hard phase 6 and the soft phase 7 in the interconnection network structure functional layer 2 comprise rectangle, square, ellipse and triangle.
The sizes of the hard phase 6 and the soft phase 7 in the interconnection network structure functional layer 2 are in the submicron or micron level.
The artificial lattice with the reconfigurable mechanical properties is an artificial lattice with double/multistable mechanical characteristics, and the artificial lattice with the double/multistable mechanical characteristics can be subjected to mechanical state transformation under the action of load, so that the change of elastic modulus and strain energy density is realized.
The artificial lattice with the double/multistable mechanical characteristics comprises a framework and a beam structure, wherein the framework comprises a body center structure, a hexahedron, a hexagonal prism and a tetrahedron, the beam structure comprises cosine beams, oblique beams and double beams, and the distribution form comprises triangles, cross shapes and sphere-like surfaces.
The change of the mechanical properties of the artificial crystal lattice with the double/multistable mechanical characteristics is derived from external load or external physical field, the mechanical properties of the artificial crystal lattice promote the stable transition of the crystal lattice through the external load, or the artificial crystal lattice is actively driven to transition through the application of acting force of the external physical field, and the external physical field comprises a magnetic field and an electric field.
The array of the artificial lattices with the bi/multistable mechanical characteristics is a uniform array of lattices with the same mechanical property or a non-uniform array of multiple lattices.
The effective gain of the invention is: under the action of external load, the micro-column array acting with the external load drives hard phases in the functional layer of the interconnection network structure to rotate flexibly through terminal plane stress, so that the bearing area is increased, and the surface transmission stress is reduced; then, when the surface stress is transferred to the mechanical artificial structure functional layer through the interconnection network structure functional layer, the reconstruction of the artificial lattice mechanical property can be driven to occur under the action of load or an external physical field, the distribution range of the stress is enlarged, and the stress is reduced.
According to the invention, the stress distribution, transmission and homogenization effects are improved through the dynamic change of the structure, the local damage and instability of the surface of the traditional micro-nano composite structure, which are easily caused by stress concentration, are improved, a new design and manufacturing thought is provided for the design of the functional surface of the micro-nano structure, the damage resistance tolerance of the functional surface is improved, and the method is suitable for the research and development of the anti-icing/electronic stealth skin of an aircraft, the self-cleaning surface of a solar panel and the damage resistance functional surface of the drag reduction structure of an underwater vehicle.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a functional layer of a mechanical artificial structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the modification of the morphology of the functional layer of the micro-nano composite structure in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of rotation of the hard phase and the soft phase of the functional layer of the interconnection network structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a first artificial lattice according to embodiment 1 of the present invention; wherein the graph (a) is a schematic diagram before the first artificial lattice is unchanged, and the graph (b) is a schematic diagram after the first artificial lattice is changed.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a functional layer of a mechanical artificial structure according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second artificial lattice according to embodiment 2 of the present invention; wherein the graph (a) is a schematic diagram before the second artificial lattice is unchanged, and the graph (b) is a schematic diagram after the second artificial lattice is changed.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the active artificial lattice under the driving of the external field in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1, a multi-level micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing the damage resistance of a functional surface comprises a micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1, an interconnection network structure functional layer 2 and a mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3 which are sequentially connected together;
referring to fig. 2, the micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1 is a micro-column array structure which plays a surface function; in order to realize a certain surface function, a specific micro-column 4 array is required to be designed on the surface, the micro-column 4 array is a micro-column uniform array, and the diameter of the micro-column is 0.5-50 mu m;
referring to fig. 3, the asymmetric portions of the nanoparticles 5 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the microcolumn 4 by the nanoparticle bulk phase distribution technology, so that the bottom concentration is high, the microcolumn 4 can be bent and deformed under the action of external load, the shape is changed, and then the internal stress state is changed, so that the breakage caused by overlarge stress of the single microcolumn 4 is avoided, wherein the form of the nanoparticles 5 comprises zero dimension, one dimension and two dimensions, such as: magnetic nano-iron oxide particles, magnetic iron sulfide nanowires, magnetic graphene, and the like.
Referring to fig. 4, the interconnection network structure functional layer 2 is an interconnection structure of a hard phase 6 and a soft phase 7, and is used for connecting the micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1 and the mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3, and the hard phase 6 is connected with each other to form an unstable parallelogram, and the unstable parallelogram rotates under the action of plane stress at the tail end of the micro-column 4, so that the loading area is increased, and the tail end stress of the micro-column 4 is reduced.
Considering the matching relation between the microcolumns 4 and the functional layer 2 of the interconnection network structure, the characteristic size of the hard phase 6 of the functional layer 2 of the interconnection network structure is about 500 μm, in this embodiment, the planar shape of the hard phase 6 is rectangular, and the shape of the soft phase 7 is parallelogram; the micropillars 4 are terminated to the hard phase 6 of the functional layer 2 of the interconnected network structure.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3 is an array structure formed by first artificial lattices 8 with reconfigurable mechanical properties, the first artificial lattices 8 are formed by a body center structure frame and crisscross cosine beams, the first artificial lattices 8 can be transformed under the action of external force, when the load exceeds a steady-state structure threshold, the first artificial lattices 8 are transformed, at this time, the cosine beams support against the lower end, so that the elastic modulus of the first artificial lattices 8 is increased, the strain energy density is increased, and the mechanical properties of the bearing unit are improved.
The mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3 is composed of uniform first artificial lattices 8, under the action of local high stress load of the interconnection network structure functional layer 2, when the stress exceeds a threshold value, the first artificial lattices 8 are subjected to steady-state transition, and local mechanical properties of the first artificial lattices 8 are changed, so that bearing capacity is more dispersed to non-bearing units, and the damage resistance of the structure is further improved.
Embodiment 2, referring to fig. 6, a multi-level micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing the damage resistance of a functional surface includes a micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1, an interconnection network structure functional layer 2 and a mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3 which are sequentially connected together;
referring to fig. 7, the micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1 is a micro-column array structure which plays a surface function; in order to realize a certain surface function, a specific micro-column 4 array is designed on the surface, wherein the micro-column array is a micro-column uniform array, and the diameter of the micro-column is 0.5-100 mu m;
the magnetic nano particles 5 are asymmetrically distributed on the upper side and the lower side of the micro-column 4 through the nano particle bulk phase distribution technology, so that the bottom concentration is high, the micro-column 4 can be bent and deformed under the action of external load, the shape is changed, the internal stress state is changed, and the breakage caused by overlarge stress of the single micro-column 4 is avoided.
The interconnection network structure functional layer 2 is a hard phase 6 and soft phase 7 interconnection structure and is used for connecting the micro-nano composite structure functional layer 1 and the mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3, and can perform rotary motion under the action of plane stress at the tail end of the micro-column 4, so that the loading area is increased, and the tail end stress of the column 4 is reduced, wherein the hard phase 6 and the soft phase 7 are formed by the structural distribution of nanoparticle phases in uniform materials, and the structural rigidity of the plane is caused, so that the rigidity of a part of the area is high, and the rigidity of the part of the area is low, so that the interconnection network structure of the hard phase 6 and the soft phase 7 is formed.
Considering the matching relation between the microcolumns 4 and the functional layer 2 of the interconnection network structure, the characteristic size of the hard phase 6 of the functional layer 2 of the interconnection network structure is about 500 mu m, the plane shape of the hard phase 6 is rectangular, and the shape of the soft phase 7 is parallelogram; the tail ends of the microcolumns 4 are connected to the hard phase 6 of the interconnection network structure functional layer 2;
referring to fig. 7 and 8, the mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3 is an array structure composed of a second artificial lattice 9 with reconfigurable mechanical properties; the second artificial lattice 9 is composed of a cube frame and a crisscross cosine beam, can be subjected to structural transformation under the action of external force, and when the load exceeds a steady-state structural threshold value, the second artificial lattice 9 is subjected to structural transformation, and the two second artificial lattices 9 are abutted together, so that the elastic modulus of the second artificial lattice 9 is increased, the strain energy density is increased, and the mechanical property of the bearing unit is improved.
The mechanical artificial structure functional layer 3 is composed of a uniform second artificial lattice 9, under the action of local high stress load of the interconnection network structure functional layer 2, when the stress exceeds a threshold value, the second artificial lattice 9 structure is subjected to steady-state transition, strain is released and is propped against a support column of a cube frame, the local mechanical property of the second artificial lattice 9 structure is improved, and the bearing capacity is further dispersed to a low strain energy unit, so that the stress at the high stress position is reduced, and the damage resistance of the structure is further improved.
Example 3 referring to fig. 9, this example is a modification of example 2, in which the mechanical artificial structural functional layer 3 is composed of an active artificial lattice 10, and the materials include a Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) and a responsive hydrogel, and after an external field is applied, the structure of the active artificial lattice 10 can be changed, so that the mechanical properties of the active artificial lattice 10 are changed, and the mechanical artificial structural functional layer 3 is reconstructed.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-layer micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of functional surfaces is characterized in that: comprises a micro-nano composite structure functional layer (1), an interconnection network structure functional layer (2) and a mechanical artificial structure functional layer (3) which are connected together;
the micro-nano composite structure functional layer (1) is a micro-column array structure with a surface function, and is used for realizing the required surface function and the surface modification of a material;
the interconnection network structure functional layer (2) is of a hard phase (6) and soft phase (7) interconnection structure and is used for connecting the micro-nano composite structure functional layer (1) and the mechanical artificial structure functional layer (3), the hard phases (6) are connected by soft phase (7) materials to form an unstable parallelogram, and the unstable parallelogram spontaneously rotates or is reconstructed under the action of the stress of the tail end plane of the micro-column (4), so that the load bearing area is increased, and the apparent values of the stress and the strain of the tail end of the micro-column (4) are reduced;
the mechanical artificial structure functional layer (3) is an array structure composed of artificial lattices with reconfigurable mechanical properties, and the stress transmission path and the strain energy density are optimized through time-space domain reconstruction of the artificial lattices, so that the stress concentration of the functional surface is reduced;
the artificial lattice with the reconfigurable mechanical properties is an artificial lattice with double/multistable mechanical characteristics, and the artificial lattice with the double/multistable mechanical characteristics can be subjected to mechanical state transformation under the action of load, so that the change of elastic modulus and strain energy density is realized;
the artificial lattice with the double/multistable mechanical characteristics comprises a framework and a beam structure, wherein the framework comprises a body center structure, a hexahedron, a hexagonal prism and a tetrahedron, the beam structure comprises cosine beams, oblique beams and double beams, and the distribution form comprises triangles, cross shapes and sphere-like surfaces.
2. The multi-level micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of a functional surface according to claim 1, wherein: the microcolumn (4) of the micro-nano composite structure functional layer (1) comprises a cylinder, a prism and a cone.
3. The multi-level micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of a functional surface according to claim 1, wherein: the micro-column (4) is internally and unevenly distributed with functional nano particles (5), the nano particles (5) comprise zero-dimensional quantum dots, one-dimensional nanowires and two-dimensional nano sheets, and different distribution modes lead to uneven mechanical properties of each region of the micro-column (4), so that the micro-column (4) is subjected to different morphological changes under the action of external load, the morphological changes comprise bending, rotation and torsion, and the fracture resistance of the micro-column (4) array is improved.
4. The multi-level micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of a functional surface according to claim 1, wherein: the size of the micropillars (4) is in submicron or micrometer scale.
5. The multi-level micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of a functional surface according to claim 1, wherein: the plane shapes of the hard phase (6) and the soft phase (7) in the interconnection network structure functional layer (2) comprise rectangle, square, ellipse and triangle.
6. The multi-level micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of a functional surface according to claim 1, wherein: the sizes of the hard phase (6) and the soft phase (7) in the interconnection network structure functional layer (2) are in submicron or micrometer level.
7. The multi-level micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of a functional surface according to claim 1, wherein: the change of the mechanical properties of the artificial crystal lattice with the double/multistable mechanical characteristics is derived from external load or external physical field, the mechanical properties of the artificial crystal lattice promote the stable transition of the crystal lattice through the external load, or the artificial crystal lattice is actively driven to transition through the application of acting force of the external physical field, and the external physical field comprises a magnetic field and an electric field.
8. The multi-level micro-nano mechanical structure for enhancing damage resistance of a functional surface according to claim 1, wherein: the array of the artificial lattices with the bi/multistable mechanical characteristics is a uniform array of lattices with the same mechanical property or a non-uniform array of multiple lattices.
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