CN113759304B - Method, system, device and medium for obtaining direction finding angle of dual-polarized antenna array - Google Patents
Method, system, device and medium for obtaining direction finding angle of dual-polarized antenna array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法、系统、设备及介质，方法包括：构造基站双极化天线阵列；获取各天线阵列阵元的相位初始值；通过暗室测量方法获得天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下的相位一致性值；将暗室测量方法获得的天线阵列阵元相位一致性值取反，形成基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值；将角度参数估计相位初始值与相位误差补偿值在预设角度范围内对应相加，获取补偿后的基站双极化天线阵列阵元间相位终值，利用此相位终值进行基站双极化天线阵列测向角度参数估计。本发明解决单极化天线阵列对于不同姿态移动终端相位测量误差大无法有效补偿问题，对移动终端的定位精度高。
The present invention discloses a method, system, device and medium for obtaining a dual-polarized antenna array direction-finding angle, the method comprising: constructing a base station dual-polarized antenna array; obtaining the initial phase value of each antenna array element; obtaining the phase consistency value of the antenna array element in the polarization matching state by a darkroom measurement method; inverting the antenna array element phase consistency value obtained by the darkroom measurement method to form a phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarized antenna array; adding the initial phase value of the angle parameter estimation and the phase error compensation value correspondingly within a preset angle range to obtain the compensated phase final value between the elements of the base station dual-polarized antenna array, and using this phase final value to estimate the angle parameter of the base station dual-polarized antenna array direction-finding. The present invention solves the problem that the single-polarized antenna array cannot effectively compensate for the large phase measurement error of mobile terminals with different postures, and has high positioning accuracy for mobile terminals.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及无线定位技术领域，尤其涉及一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法、系统、设备及介质。The present invention relates to the field of wireless positioning technology, and in particular to a method, system, device and medium for acquiring a direction finding angle of a dual-polarized antenna array.
背景技术Background technique
随着移动通信、自动驾驶、智慧工厂等产业的发展，对位置信息的需求日益普及，并且对于位置精度的要求越来越高。定位技术根据使用场景的不同，主要分为室外定位和室内定位。目前室外定位技术主要是基于卫星系统（GNSS）的定位，为了提高室外定位的精度，通常采用建设差分基站的方式来提高室外定位的精度。在室内环境中，由于墙体、玻璃等障碍物影响，室内环境下的卫星信号非常弱，基本无法提供准确的定位能力。室内定位技术的种类、方法较多，对于不同的室内场景往往采用不同的定位方法，目前主流的室内定位技术有RFID、Wi-Fi、UWB、蓝牙等定位方式。With the development of industries such as mobile communications, autonomous driving, and smart factories, the demand for location information is becoming increasingly popular, and the requirements for location accuracy are becoming higher and higher. Positioning technology is mainly divided into outdoor positioning and indoor positioning according to different usage scenarios. At present, outdoor positioning technology is mainly based on satellite system (GNSS) positioning. In order to improve the accuracy of outdoor positioning, differential base stations are usually built to improve the accuracy of outdoor positioning. In indoor environments, due to obstacles such as walls and glass, the satellite signal in indoor environments is very weak and basically cannot provide accurate positioning capabilities. There are many types and methods of indoor positioning technologies. Different positioning methods are often used for different indoor scenarios. The current mainstream indoor positioning technologies include RFID, Wi-Fi, UWB, Bluetooth and other positioning methods.
在定位系统中，距离、角度、速度等定位值均是通过测量值计算获得的，因此相对准确的测量值才能保证定位系统的定位精度。天线位于定位系统的最前端，是接收信息的载体，通过天线可将空间电磁波信号转换成电信号，电信号的幅度、相位等信息即定位系统所需的测量值，因此通过接收天线获得的幅度、相位测量值的准确度将直接影响定位系统的定位精度。基于角度参数（Angle of Arrival）估计的定位方法需要尽可能准确地获得天线阵列各阵元不同角度的相位测量值，但天线阵列阵元的结构形式、阵元相对位置环境、阵元间隔大小、阵元极化形式、入射电磁波的极化等均会对阵元间的相位值产生影响，带来不同的相位测量误差。移动终端通过发射天线辐射电磁波信号，发射天线的极化通常是固定不变的，但移动终端的姿态却随着载体运动经常变化，造成移动终端发射电磁波信号天线的极化也经常变化，并且具有不确定性。由于移动终端发射天线的极化经常变化，并且天线阵列对不同极化的入射电磁波的相位响应差异很大。In the positioning system, the positioning values such as distance, angle, speed, etc. are all obtained through the measurement value calculation. Therefore, relatively accurate measurement values can ensure the positioning accuracy of the positioning system. The antenna is located at the front end of the positioning system and is the carrier of receiving information. The antenna can convert the spatial electromagnetic wave signal into an electrical signal. The amplitude, phase and other information of the electrical signal are the measurement values required by the positioning system. Therefore, the accuracy of the amplitude and phase measurement values obtained by the receiving antenna will directly affect the positioning accuracy of the positioning system. The positioning method based on the angle parameter (Angle of Arrival) estimation needs to obtain the phase measurement values of each element of the antenna array at different angles as accurately as possible, but the structural form of the antenna array element, the relative position environment of the element, the size of the element spacing, the polarization form of the element, the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave, etc. will all affect the phase value between the elements, resulting in different phase measurement errors. The mobile terminal radiates electromagnetic wave signals through the transmitting antenna. The polarization of the transmitting antenna is usually fixed, but the posture of the mobile terminal often changes with the movement of the carrier, causing the polarization of the antenna transmitting electromagnetic wave signal of the mobile terminal to change frequently and have uncertainty. Since the polarization of the transmitting antenna of the mobile terminal often changes, and the phase response of the antenna array to incident electromagnetic waves of different polarizations is very different.
发明内容Summary of the invention
技术目的：针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明公开了一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法、系统、设备及介质，采用基站双极化天线阵列，比较正交极化接收端两个信号幅度测量值的大小，选择幅度测量值较高极化的接收信号相位初始值加上阵元相位误差补偿值获取阵元间相位终值，能够有效解决移动终端发射天线极化不确定带来的相位测量误差大且单极化天线阵列对于不同姿态移动终端（即不同的发射天线极化）相位测量误差大无法有效补偿问题，提升用于测向角度参数估计的阵元间相位值的准确性。Technical purpose: In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention discloses a method, system, device and medium for obtaining the direction-finding angle of a dual-polarized antenna array. The dual-polarized antenna array of a base station is used to compare the amplitude measurement values of two signals at the orthogonal polarization receiving end, and the initial phase value of the polarization of the receiving signal with the higher amplitude measurement value is selected and added to the array element phase error compensation value to obtain the final phase value between the array elements. This can effectively solve the problem that the phase measurement error is large due to the uncertain polarization of the mobile terminal transmitting antenna and the single-polarized antenna array cannot effectively compensate for the large phase measurement error of mobile terminals with different postures (i.e., different transmitting antenna polarizations), thereby improving the accuracy of the phase value between the array elements used for direction-finding angle parameter estimation.
技术方案：为实现上述技术目的，本发明采用以下技术方案。Technical solution: In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.
一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法，包括以下步骤：A method for obtaining a direction finding angle of a dual-polarized antenna array comprises the following steps:
S1、构造基站双极化天线阵列：基站双极化天线阵列包含至少两个正交极化的天线阵列阵元；S1. Constructing a base station dual-polarized antenna array: the base station dual-polarized antenna array includes at least two orthogonally polarized antenna array elements;
S2、获取各天线阵列阵元的相位初始值：选择基站双极化天线阵列中的一个天线阵列阵元作为第一阵元，获取第一阵元的两个接收信号，比较两个接收信号幅度测量值的大小，确定信号幅度测量值较高的接收信号的极化类型，各天线阵列阵元将与此极化类型相同的接收端的相位测量值作为角度参数估计的相位初始值；S2. Obtaining the initial phase value of each antenna array element: selecting an antenna array element in the base station dual-polarized antenna array as the first array element, obtaining two received signals of the first array element, comparing the magnitudes of the two received signal amplitude measurement values, determining the polarization type of the received signal with the higher signal amplitude measurement value, and each antenna array element uses the phase measurement value of the receiving end with the same polarization type as the initial phase value of the angle parameter estimation;
S3、计算基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值：通过暗室测量方法获得天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下的相位一致性值，将所述相位一致性值取反，形成基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值；S3, calculating the phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarized antenna array: obtaining the phase consistency value of the antenna array element polarization matching state by a darkroom measurement method, and inverting the phase consistency value to form the phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarized antenna array;
S4、基站双极化天线阵列测向角度参数估计：将步骤S2中的角度参数估计相位初始值、步骤S3中的基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值在预设角度范围内对应相加，获取补偿后的基站双极化天线阵列中各天线阵列阵元间相位终值，利用此相位终值进行基站双极化天线阵列测向角度参数估计。S4, base station dual-polarized antenna array direction finding angle parameter estimation: the angle parameter estimation phase initial value in step S2 and the phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarized antenna array in step S3 are added correspondingly within a preset angle range to obtain the compensated phase final value between the antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array, and the base station dual-polarized antenna array direction finding angle parameter estimation is performed using this phase final value.
优选地，所述选择基站双极化天线阵列中其中一个天线阵列阵元作为第一阵元，第一阵元为基站双极化天线阵列中最边缘阵元，或由用户自定义第一阵元。Preferably, one of the antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array is selected as the first array element, the first array element is the most edge element in the base station dual-polarized antenna array, or the first array element is defined by a user.
优选地，所述相位一致性值为：基站双极化天线阵列中其它天线阵列阵元相对于第一阵元的相位差值。Preferably, the phase consistency value is: a phase difference value of other antenna array elements relative to the first array element in the base station dual-polarized antenna array.
优选地，所述通过暗室测量方法获得天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下的相位一致性值，包括：采用暗室测量方法计算天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下基站双极化天线阵列中所有天线阵列阵元的相位值，进而计算预设角度范围内，基站双极化天线阵列中其它天线阵列阵元相对于第一阵元的相位差值。Preferably, the obtaining of the phase consistency value of the antenna array element in the polarization matching state by the darkroom measurement method includes: using the darkroom measurement method to calculate the phase values of all antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array in the polarization matching state of the antenna array element, and then calculating the phase difference values of other antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array relative to the first element within a preset angle range.
优选地，预设角度范围为+30°至+90°或-90°至-30°。Preferably, the preset angle range is from +30° to +90° or from -90° to -30°.
一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取系统，包括：基站双极化天线阵列和天线通信装置，所述基站双极化天线阵列包含至少两个正交极化的天线阵列阵元；A dual-polarization antenna array direction finding angle acquisition system, comprising: a base station dual-polarization antenna array and an antenna communication device, wherein the base station dual-polarization antenna array comprises at least two orthogonally polarized antenna array elements;
所述天线通信装置包括相位初始值获取单元、相位误差补偿值计算单元和测向角度参数估计单元；The antenna communication device comprises a phase initial value acquisition unit, a phase error compensation value calculation unit and a direction finding angle parameter estimation unit;
所述相位初始值获取单元用于选择基站双极化天线阵列中的一个天线阵列阵元作为第一阵元，获取第一阵元的两个接收信号，比较两个接收信号幅度测量值的大小，确定信号幅度测量值较高的接收信号的其极化类型，各天线阵列阵元将与此极化类型相同的接收端的相位测量值作为角度参数估计的相位初始值；The phase initial value acquisition unit is used to select an antenna array element in the base station dual-polarized antenna array as a first array element, obtain two received signals of the first array element, compare the magnitudes of the two received signal amplitude measurement values, determine the polarization type of the received signal with the higher signal amplitude measurement value, and each antenna array element uses the phase measurement value of the receiving end with the same polarization type as the phase initial value for angle parameter estimation;
所述相位误差补偿值计算单元用于通过暗室测量方法获得天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下的相位一致性值，将所述相位一致性值取反，形成基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值；The phase error compensation value calculation unit is used to obtain the phase consistency value of the antenna array element polarization matching state through a darkroom measurement method, and invert the phase consistency value to form a phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarization antenna array;
所述测向角度参数估计单元用于将相位初始值获取单元输出的相位初始值、相位误差补偿值计算单元输出的基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值在预设角度范围内对应相加，获取补偿后的基站双极化天线阵列中各天线阵列阵元间相位终值，利用此相位终值进行基站双极化天线阵列测向角度参数估计。The direction finding angle parameter estimation unit is used to add the phase initial value output by the phase initial value acquisition unit and the phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarized antenna array output by the phase error compensation value calculation unit within a preset angle range, obtain the phase final value between the antenna array elements in the compensated base station dual-polarized antenna array, and use this phase final value to estimate the direction finding angle parameter of the base station dual-polarized antenna array.
优选地，所述基站双极化天线阵列中所有的天线阵列阵元正交极化方式相同。Preferably, all antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array have the same orthogonal polarization mode.
优选地，所述基站双极化天线阵列包含至少两个正交极化的天线阵列阵元，所述正交极化的天线阵列阵元，其正交极化方式为+45°极化、-45°极化的正交极化，或为水平极化、垂直极化的正交极化。Preferably, the base station dual-polarization antenna array includes at least two orthogonally polarized antenna array elements, and the orthogonal polarization mode of the orthogonal polarization antenna array elements is +45° polarization, -45° polarization, or horizontal polarization, vertical polarization.
一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述程序时实现以上任一所述的一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法。An electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for acquiring the direction finding angle of a dual-polarized antenna array described above is implemented.
一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于被处理器执行时实现以上任一所述的一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法。A computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, wherein the computer-executable instructions are used to implement any of the above-mentioned methods for acquiring a dual-polarization antenna array direction finding angle when executed by a processor.
有益效果：Beneficial effects:
本发明采用基站双极化天线阵列，比较正交极化接收端两个信号幅度测量值的大小，选择幅度测量值较高极化的接收信号相位初始值加上阵元相位误差补偿值获取阵元间相位终值，能够有效解决移动终端发射天线极化不确定带来的相位测量误差大且单极化天线阵列对于不同姿态移动终端（即不同的发射天线极化）相位测量无法有效补偿问题，提升用于测向角度参数估计的阵元间相位值的准确性。The present invention adopts a base station dual-polarization antenna array, compares the magnitudes of two signal amplitude measurement values at the orthogonal polarization receiving end, selects the initial phase value of the polarization receiving signal with the higher amplitude measurement value and adds the array element phase error compensation value to obtain the final phase value between the array elements, which can effectively solve the problem that the phase measurement error caused by the uncertain polarization of the mobile terminal transmitting antenna is large and the single-polarization antenna array cannot effectively compensate for the phase measurement of mobile terminals with different postures (i.e., different transmitting antenna polarizations), and improves the accuracy of the phase value between the array elements used for direction finding angle parameter estimation.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明的方法流程图；Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
图2为本发明的系统结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例4中的四阵元+45°、-45°正交极化天线阵列示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a four-element +45°, -45° orthogonal polarization antenna array in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例4中的四阵元+45°极化时相对第1阵元大角度相位一致性值；FIG4 is a large-angle phase consistency value of the four array elements relative to the first array element when polarized at +45° in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例4中的四阵元-45°极化时相对第1阵元大角度相位一致性值；FIG5 is a large-angle phase consistency value of the four array elements relative to the first array element when polarized at -45° in Example 4 of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例4中的四阵元垂直极化时相对第1阵元大角度相位一致性值；FIG6 is a large-angle phase consistency value relative to the first array element when the four array elements are vertically polarized in Example 4 of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例4中的四阵元水平极化时相对第1阵元大角度相位一致性值；FIG7 is a large-angle phase consistency value relative to the first array element when the four array elements are horizontally polarized in Example 4 of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例4中的四阵元交叉极化时相对第1阵元大角度相位一致性值。FIG. 8 shows the large-angle phase consistency value of the four array elements relative to the first array element during cross-polarization in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法、系统、设备及介质做进一步的说明和解释。The following further describes and explains a method, system, device and medium for acquiring direction finding angle of a dual-polarized antenna array according to the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
本发明旨在提供一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法、系统、设备及介质。方法中通过设计正交的基站双极化天线阵列接收移动终端的辐射电磁波信号，比较天线阵列阵元各接收端的信号幅度测量值的大小，选择幅度测量值较高极化的接收信号，将此极化下天线阵列各阵元的相位测量值作为角度参数估计相位初始值。同时通过暗室测量方法获得天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下的预设角度范围内的相位一致性值，并将此相位一致性值取反形成天线阵列阵元相位误差补偿值。将天线阵列阵元测量的相位初始值与暗室测量获得相位误差补偿值在预设角度范围内对应相加，形成补偿后的天线阵列阵元间相位终值，利用此相位终值进行测向角度参数估计。The present invention aims to provide a method, system, device and medium for obtaining the direction-finding angle of a dual-polarized antenna array. In the method, an orthogonal base station dual-polarized antenna array is designed to receive the radiated electromagnetic wave signal of a mobile terminal, the signal amplitude measurement values of each receiving end of the antenna array element are compared, and the received signal with a higher polarization amplitude measurement value is selected, and the phase measurement value of each element of the antenna array under this polarization is used as the initial phase value of the angle parameter estimation. At the same time, a darkroom measurement method is used to obtain the phase consistency value within a preset angle range under the polarization matching state of the antenna array element, and this phase consistency value is inverted to form the phase error compensation value of the antenna array element. The initial phase value measured by the antenna array element and the phase error compensation value obtained by the darkroom measurement are added correspondingly within the preset angle range to form the compensated final phase value between the antenna array elements, and the direction-finding angle parameter is estimated using this final phase value.
如附图1所示，一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法，包括如下步骤：As shown in FIG. 1 , a method for obtaining a direction finding angle of a dual-polarized antenna array includes the following steps:
S1、构造基站双极化天线阵列：设计正交极化的天线阵列阵元，基站双极化天线阵列包含至少两个正交极化的天线阵列阵元，即通过天线阵列阵元构造基站双极化天线阵列；S1. Constructing a base station dual-polarized antenna array: designing orthogonally polarized antenna array elements, the base station dual-polarized antenna array includes at least two orthogonally polarized antenna array elements, that is, constructing a base station dual-polarized antenna array through the antenna array elements;
S2、获取各天线阵列阵元的相位初始值：选择基站双极化天线阵列中其中一个天线阵列阵元作为第一阵元，获取第一阵元的两个接收端的接收信号，即第一阵元正交极化的两个接收端的接收信号，第一阵元的正交极化方式为水平极化、垂直极化的正交极化，则两个接收信号分别为水平接收端信号和垂直接收端信号；比较两个接收信号幅度测量值的大小，确定信号幅度测量值较高的接收信号的极化类型，各天线阵列阵元将与此极化类型相同的接收端相位测量值作为角度参数估计的相位初始值；S2. Obtaining the initial phase value of each antenna array element: selecting one of the antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array as the first array element, obtaining received signals of two receiving ends of the first array element, that is, received signals of two receiving ends of the first array element with orthogonal polarization, the orthogonal polarization mode of the first array element is orthogonal polarization of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, and the two received signals are respectively a horizontal receiving end signal and a vertical receiving end signal; comparing the magnitudes of the two received signal amplitude measurement values, determining the polarization type of the received signal with a higher signal amplitude measurement value, and each antenna array element uses the receiving end phase measurement value of the same polarization type as the phase initial value of the angle parameter estimation;
第一阵元为基站双极化天线阵列中最边缘阵元，如线阵中为最左或最右的天线阵列阵元，或由用户自定义第一阵元。The first array element is the edgemost array element in the dual-polarized antenna array of the base station, such as the leftmost or rightmost antenna array element in a linear array, or the first array element is defined by the user.
S3、计算基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值：通过暗室测量方法获得天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下的相位一致性值，将所述相位一致性值取反，形成基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值；预设角度范围为+30°至+90°或-90°至-30°；极化匹配状态是指天线阵列阵元接收天线的极化方向与电波的极化方向一致，此时天线阵列阵元能接收电波的全部能量。相位一致性值中的一致指的是与参考阵元的一致，即本发明中参考阵元是指选定的第一阵元，阵元极化匹配指的是接收天线与阵元天线的极化方向匹配。S3. Calculate the phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarized antenna array: obtain the phase consistency value of the antenna array element polarization matching state through the darkroom measurement method, and invert the phase consistency value to form the phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarized antenna array; the preset angle range is +30° to +90° or -90° to -30°; the polarization matching state means that the polarization direction of the antenna array element receiving antenna is consistent with the polarization direction of the radio wave, and the antenna array element can receive all the energy of the radio wave. The consistency in the phase consistency value refers to the consistency with the reference element, that is, the reference element in the present invention refers to the selected first element, and the element polarization matching refers to the matching of the polarization direction of the receiving antenna with the element antenna.
所述通过暗室测量方法获得天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下的相位一致性值，包括：采用暗室测量方法计算天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下基站双极化天线阵列中所有天线阵列阵元的相位值，进而计算预设角度范围内的相位一致性值，所述预设角度范围内的相位一致性值为在预设角度范围内的情况下，基站双极化天线阵列中其它天线阵列阵元相对于第一阵元的相位差值。预设角度范围内的检测角度指系统需要天线工作的角度范围，通信系统一般是三个扇区，每个天线部分负责120°范围，相控阵雷达一般是四个扇区，每个天线负责90°范围。具体天线负责的区域可根据实际系统进行设计，看使用场景需要覆盖的角度范围。The phase consistency value obtained by the darkroom measurement method in the polarization matching state of the antenna array element includes: using the darkroom measurement method to calculate the phase values of all antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array in the polarization matching state of the antenna array element, and then calculating the phase consistency value within the preset angle range, wherein the phase consistency value within the preset angle range is the phase difference value of other antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array relative to the first element within the preset angle range. The detection angle within the preset angle range refers to the angle range in which the system requires the antenna to work. The communication system generally has three sectors, and each antenna part is responsible for a range of 120°. The phased array radar generally has four sectors, and each antenna is responsible for a range of 90°. The area that the specific antenna is responsible for can be designed according to the actual system, depending on the angle range that needs to be covered in the usage scenario.
S4、基站双极化天线阵列测向角度参数估计：将步骤S2中的角度参数估计相位初始值、步骤S3中的基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值在预设角度范围内对应相加，获取补偿后的基站双极化天线阵列中各天线阵列阵元间相位终值，利用此相位终值进行基站双极化天线阵列测向角度参数估计。S4, base station dual-polarized antenna array direction finding angle parameter estimation: the angle parameter estimation phase initial value in step S2 and the phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarized antenna array in step S3 are added correspondingly within a preset angle range to obtain the compensated phase final value between the antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array, and the base station dual-polarized antenna array direction finding angle parameter estimation is performed using this phase final value.
本发明采用基站双极化天线阵列，比较正交极化接收端两个信号幅度测量值的大小，选择幅度测量值较高极化的接收信号相位初始值加上阵元相位误差补偿值获取阵元间相位终值，能够有效解决移动终端发射天线极化不确定带来的相位测量误差大且单极化天线阵列对于不同姿态移动终端（即不同的发射天线极化）相位测量无法有效补偿问题，提升用于测向角度参数估计的阵元间相位值的准确性。The present invention adopts a base station dual-polarization antenna array, compares the magnitudes of two signal amplitude measurement values at the orthogonal polarization receiving end, selects the initial phase value of the polarization receiving signal with the higher amplitude measurement value and adds the array element phase error compensation value to obtain the final phase value between the array elements, which can effectively solve the problem that the phase measurement error caused by the uncertain polarization of the mobile terminal transmitting antenna is large and the single-polarization antenna array cannot effectively compensate for the phase measurement of mobile terminals with different postures (i.e., different transmitting antenna polarizations), and improves the accuracy of the phase value between the array elements used for direction finding angle parameter estimation.
移动终端的姿态及发射天线极化是不固定的，以手机为例，手机在人的手上、兜里等放置时，其摆放的角度是不一样的，也就是说手机中的天线极化是各种各样的，极化即不可确定，而基站是天线阵列是固定不变的，极化是确定的。本发明能够解决现有技术中单极化天线阵列对于不同姿态移动终端（即不同的发射天线极化）相位测量误差大无法有效补偿问题，解决了单极化天线阵列对移动终端的定位精度差的问题。The posture of the mobile terminal and the polarization of the transmitting antenna are not fixed. Taking a mobile phone as an example, when the mobile phone is placed in a person's hand or pocket, the angle of placement is different, that is, the polarization of the antenna in the mobile phone is various, and the polarization cannot be determined, while the antenna array of the base station is fixed and the polarization is determined. The present invention can solve the problem in the prior art that the phase measurement error of the single-polarized antenna array for mobile terminals with different postures (i.e., different transmitting antenna polarizations) is large and cannot be effectively compensated, and solves the problem of poor positioning accuracy of the single-polarized antenna array for mobile terminals.
实施例2Example 2
如附图2所示，一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取系统，包括：基站双极化天线阵列和天线通信装置，所述基站双极化天线阵列包含至少两个正交极化的天线阵列阵元；基站双极化天线阵列中所有的天线阵列阵元正交极化方式相同，正交极化的天线阵列阵元，其正交极化方式为+45°极化、-45°极化的正交极化，或为水平极化、垂直极化的正交极化，也可以为其他正交极化方式。As shown in Figure 2, a dual-polarization antenna array direction-finding angle acquisition system includes: a base station dual-polarization antenna array and an antenna communication device, wherein the base station dual-polarization antenna array includes at least two orthogonally polarized antenna array elements; all antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarization antenna array have the same orthogonal polarization mode, and the orthogonal polarization mode of the orthogonal polarization antenna array elements is +45° polarization, -45° polarization, or horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, or other orthogonal polarization modes.
所述天线通信装置包括相位初始值获取单元、相位误差补偿值计算单元和测向角度参数估计单元；The antenna communication device comprises a phase initial value acquisition unit, a phase error compensation value calculation unit and a direction finding angle parameter estimation unit;
所述相位初始值获取单元用于选择基站双极化天线阵列中其中一个天线阵列阵元作为第一阵元，获取第一阵元的两个接收端的接收信号，比较两个接收信号幅度测量值的大小，选择幅度测量值较高的接收信号，并确定其极化类型，获取各天线阵列阵元在此极化类型下的接收端相位测量值，并作为角度参数估计相位初始值；The phase initial value acquisition unit is used to select one of the antenna array elements in the base station dual-polarized antenna array as the first array element, obtain the received signals of the two receiving ends of the first array element, compare the amplitude measurement values of the two received signals, select the received signal with the higher amplitude measurement value, determine its polarization type, obtain the receiving end phase measurement value of each antenna array element under this polarization type, and use it as the angle parameter to estimate the phase initial value;
所述相位误差补偿值计算单元用于通过暗室测量方法获得天线阵列阵元极化匹配状态下的预设角度范围内的相位一致性值，将所述相位一致性值取反，形成基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值；The phase error compensation value calculation unit is used to obtain a phase consistency value within a preset angle range under the polarization matching state of the antenna array element by a darkroom measurement method, and invert the phase consistency value to form a phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarization antenna array;
所述测向角度参数估计单元用于将相位初始值获取单元输出的相位初始值、相位误差补偿值计算单元输出的基站双极化天线阵列的相位误差补偿值在预设角度范围内对应相加，获取补偿后的基站双极化天线阵列中各天线阵列阵元间相位终值，利用此相位终值进行基站双极化天线阵列测向角度参数估计。The direction finding angle parameter estimation unit is used to add the phase initial value output by the phase initial value acquisition unit and the phase error compensation value of the base station dual-polarized antenna array output by the phase error compensation value calculation unit within a preset angle range, obtain the phase final value between the antenna array elements in the compensated base station dual-polarized antenna array, and use this phase final value to estimate the direction finding angle parameter of the base station dual-polarized antenna array.
本发明中仅需对阵元正交极化信号幅度测量值大小比较，对于采用正交的双极化天线的基站不需要增加额外的硬件设备，即可提升用于测向角度参数估计的阵元间相位值的准确性。In the present invention, only the amplitude measurement values of the orthogonal polarization signals of the array elements need to be compared, and no additional hardware equipment is needed for the base station using the orthogonal dual-polarization antenna, so that the accuracy of the phase value between the array elements used for the direction finding angle parameter estimation can be improved.
实施例3Example 3
一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，处理器执行程序时实现以上任一所述的一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法。存储器可为各种类型的存储器，可为随机存储器、只读存储器、闪存等。处理器可为各种类型的处理器，例如，中央处理器、微处理器、数字信号处理器或图像处理器等。An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, any of the above-mentioned methods for acquiring the direction finding angle of a dual-polarized antenna array is implemented. The memory may be any type of memory, such as a random access memory, a read-only memory, a flash memory, etc. The processor may be any type of processor, such as a central processing unit, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, or an image processor, etc.
一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机可执行指令，计算机可执行指令用于被处理器执行时实现以上任一所述的一种双极化天线阵列测向角度的获取方法。存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。A computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which are used to implement any of the above-mentioned methods for acquiring the direction-finding angle of a dual-polarized antenna array when executed by a processor. The storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc., which can store program codes.
实施例4Example 4
+45°、-45°正交极化的四阵元双极化天线阵列Four-element dual-polarized antenna array with +45° and -45° orthogonal polarization
如附图3所示，为本发明实施例4中的四阵元双极化天线阵列示意图，本实施例中，大角度指的是预设角度范围内中的±60°。所述双极化天线阵列阵元的类型为微带贴片天线，所述四阵元双极化天线阵列的第1阵元位于阵列最左边，从左向右依次为第2阵元、第3阵元、第4阵元，所述四阵元双极化天线阵列的间隔为工作频率的半波长。所述天线阵列的四个阵元的极化均为+45°、-45°正交极化的双极化天线，其中+45°极化在Y轴方向，-45°极化在X轴方向，所述天线阵列+45°、-45°正交极化阵元能够接收任意极化形式的电磁波。其中+45°极化入射电磁波与阵元+45°极化相匹配，-45°极化入射电磁波与阵元-45°极化相匹配，+45°极化入射电磁波与阵元-45°极化正交，-45°极化入射电磁波与阵元+45°极化正交。入射电磁波极化与阵元极化匹配时接收信号值最大，入射电磁波极化与阵元极化正交时接收信号值最低，其它极化形式的入射电磁波接收信号值介于最大接收信号值与最小接收信号值之间。如附图3所述还标注了两种典型水平极化波方向及垂直极化波方向。As shown in Figure 3, it is a schematic diagram of a four-element dual-polarized antenna array in Example 4 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the large angle refers to ±60° within the preset angle range. The type of the dual-polarized antenna array element is a microstrip patch antenna. The first element of the four-element dual-polarized antenna array is located at the leftmost side of the array. From left to right, they are the second element, the third element, and the fourth element. The interval of the four-element dual-polarized antenna array is half the wavelength of the operating frequency. The polarization of the four elements of the antenna array are all dual-polarized antennas with orthogonal polarization of +45° and -45°, where +45° polarization is in the Y-axis direction and -45° polarization is in the X-axis direction. The +45° and -45° orthogonal polarization elements of the antenna array can receive electromagnetic waves of any polarization form. The +45° polarized incident electromagnetic wave matches the +45° polarization of the array element, the -45° polarized incident electromagnetic wave matches the -45° polarization of the array element, the +45° polarized incident electromagnetic wave is orthogonal to the -45° polarization of the array element, and the -45° polarized incident electromagnetic wave is orthogonal to the +45° polarization of the array element. The received signal value is the largest when the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave matches the polarization of the array element, the received signal value is the lowest when the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave is orthogonal to the polarization of the array element, and the received signal values of the incident electromagnetic waves of other polarization forms are between the maximum received signal value and the minimum received signal value. As shown in Figure 3, two typical horizontal polarization wave directions and vertical polarization wave directions are also marked.
如附图4所示，附图4为本发明实施例4中的四阵元双极化天线阵列入射电磁波极化、阵列阵元极化均为+45°极化时，阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值，本实施例4中的中所述的大角度指±60°方位角，如附图4可见+45°极化匹配时天线阵列大角度情况其它阵元相对于第1阵元的相位一致性值最大差异约10°。As shown in FIG. 4 , FIG. 4 shows the large-angle phase consistency values of elements 2, 3, and 4 relative to the first element when the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave and the polarization of the array elements of the four-element dual-polarized antenna array in Example 4 of the present invention are both +45° polarization. The large angle mentioned in this Example 4 refers to ±60° azimuth. As can be seen from FIG. 4 , when the +45° polarization is matched, the maximum difference in the phase consistency values of other elements relative to the first element in the large-angle case of the antenna array is about 10°.
如附图5所示为本发明实施例4中的四阵元双极化天线阵列入射电磁波极化、阵列阵元极化均为-45°极化时，阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值，如附图5可见-45°极化匹配时天线阵列大角度情况其它阵元相对于第1阵元的相位一致性值最大差异同样约10°。As shown in FIG5 , when the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave and the polarization of the array elements of the four-element dual-polarized antenna array in Example 4 of the present invention are both -45° polarization, the large-angle phase consistency values of elements 2, 3, and 4 relative to the first element. As shown in FIG5 , when the -45° polarization matching is used, the maximum difference in the phase consistency values of other elements relative to the first element at a large angle of the antenna array is also about 10°.
根据附图4所示与+45°极化匹配时阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值曲线及附图5所示与-45°极化匹配时阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值曲线，可见四阵元双极化天线阵列对+45°极化、-45°极化入射电磁波的相位一致性值响应曲线基本接近，因此可用+45°极化匹配或-45°极化匹配情况下的相位一致性值作为阵列相位误差补偿值。According to the large-angle phase consistency value curve of element 2, element 3, and element 4 relative to the first element when matched with +45° polarization as shown in FIG4 and the large-angle phase consistency value curve of element 2, element 3, and element 4 relative to the first element when matched with -45° polarization as shown in FIG5, it can be seen that the phase consistency value response curves of the four-element dual-polarized antenna array to +45° polarization and -45° polarization incident electromagnetic waves are basically close, so the phase consistency value under +45° polarization matching or -45° polarization matching can be used as the array phase error compensation value.
如附图6所示，附图6为本发明实施例4中的中四阵元双极化天线阵列入射电磁波极化为垂直极化时，阵列阵元极化为+45°极化时，阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值，如附图6可见垂直极化入射波在大角度情况其它阵元相对于第1阵元的相位一致性值最大差异约15°。As shown in FIG. 6 , FIG. 6 shows the large-angle phase consistency values of elements 2, 3, and 4 relative to the first element when the incident electromagnetic wave polarization of the four-element dual-polarized antenna array in Example 4 of the present invention is vertically polarized and the array element polarization is +45° polarization. As shown in FIG. 6 , when the vertically polarized incident wave is at a large angle, the maximum difference in the phase consistency values of other elements relative to the first element is about 15°.
如附图7所示，附图7为本发明实施例4中的中四阵元双极化天线阵列入射电磁波极化为水平极化时，阵列阵元极化为+45°极化时，阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值，如附图7可见水平极化入射波在大角度情况其它阵元相对于第1阵元的相位一致性值最大差异同样约15°。As shown in FIG. 7 , FIG. 7 shows the large-angle phase consistency values of elements 2, 3, and 4 relative to the first element when the incident electromagnetic wave polarization of the dual-polarized antenna array with four elements in Embodiment 4 of the present invention is horizontally polarized and the array element polarization is +45° polarization. As can be seen from FIG. 7 , the maximum difference in the phase consistency values of other elements relative to the first element under the large-angle condition of the horizontally polarized incident wave is also about 15°.
如附图8所示，附图8为本发明实施例4中的中四阵元双极化天线阵列入射电磁波极化为-45°极化时，阵列阵元极化为+45°极化时，即入射电磁波极化与阵列阵元极化正交，阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值，如附图8可见正交极化时大角度情况其它阵元相对于第1阵元的相位一致性值最大差异约60°。As shown in FIG8 , FIG8 shows the large-angle phase consistency values of element 2, element 3, and element 4 relative to the first element in the four-element dual-polarized antenna array in Example 4 of the present invention when the incident electromagnetic wave polarization is -45° polarization and the array element polarization is +45° polarization, that is, the incident electromagnetic wave polarization is orthogonal to the array element polarization. As shown in FIG8 , in the large-angle case of orthogonal polarization, the maximum difference in the phase consistency values of other elements relative to the first element is about 60°.
附图6所示入射电磁波极化为垂直极化时阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值最大差异约15°，附图7所示入射电磁波极化为水平极化时阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值最大差异约15°。若采用附图4中入射电磁波极化、阵列阵元极化均为+45°极化时最大差异约10°的相位一致性值作误差补偿，或者采用附图5中入射电磁波极化、阵列阵元极化均为-45°极化时最大差异约10°的相位一致性值作误差补偿，天线入射电磁波极化为水平极化、垂直极化时相位补偿误差仅为5°，因此可采用+45°或-45°极化匹配情况的相位一致性值替代入射电磁波水平极化、垂直极化时相位一致性值作误差补偿。As shown in FIG6, when the incident electromagnetic wave polarization is vertical polarization, the maximum difference of the large-angle phase consistency values of array elements 2, 3, and 4 relative to the first array element is about 15°, and when the incident electromagnetic wave polarization is horizontal polarization, the maximum difference of the large-angle phase consistency values of array elements 2, 3, and 4 relative to the first array element is about 15°. If the phase consistency value with a maximum difference of about 10° when the incident electromagnetic wave polarization and the array element polarization are both +45° polarization in FIG4 is used for error compensation, or the phase consistency value with a maximum difference of about 10° when the incident electromagnetic wave polarization and the array element polarization are both -45° polarization in FIG5 is used for error compensation, the phase compensation error is only 5° when the incident electromagnetic wave polarization of the antenna is horizontal polarization or vertical polarization. Therefore, the phase consistency value of the +45° or -45° polarization matching situation can be used to replace the phase consistency value when the incident electromagnetic wave is horizontally polarized or vertically polarized for error compensation.
附图8所示入射电磁波极化为正交极化时阵元2、阵元3、阵元4相对于第1阵元大角度相位一致性值最大差异约60°，若采用附图4或附图5中单极化匹配时的相位一致性值作误差补偿，天线入射电磁波极化与阵元极化正交时相位补偿误差接近50°，无法准确定位。这也是现有技术中所说的采用单极化天线阵列对于不同姿态移动终端（即不同的发射天线极化）相位测量误差大无法有效补偿问题。As shown in Figure 8, when the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave is orthogonal polarization, the maximum difference of the large-angle phase consistency value of array element 2, array element 3, and array element 4 relative to the first array element is about 60°. If the phase consistency value of single polarization matching in Figure 4 or Figure 5 is used for error compensation, the phase compensation error is close to 50° when the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave of the antenna is orthogonal to the polarization of the array element, and accurate positioning cannot be achieved. This is also the problem in the prior art that the phase measurement error of the single-polarization antenna array for mobile terminals with different postures (i.e., different transmitting antenna polarizations) is large and cannot be effectively compensated.
附图3所示的+45°、-45°正交极化的双极化天线阵列，不需考虑移动终端的姿态（即不同的发射天线极化），比较正交极化阵元+45°、-45°极化状态下接收端两个信号幅度测量值的大小，若+45°极化状态下接收信号幅度测量值大，则四阵元双极化天线阵列的各阵元均采用+45°极化相位测量值作为角度参数估计相位初始值。将附图4中+45°极化情况下的相位一致性值取反，作为天线阵列阵元相位误差补偿值。将四阵元双极化天线阵列的每个阵元+45°极化相位值初始值与相位误差补偿值在大角度范围内对应相加，形成补偿后的天线阵列阵元间相位终值，利用此相位终值即可进行测向角度参数估计。同理，若-45°极化状态下接收信号幅度测量值大，则四阵元双极化天线阵列的各阵元均采用-45°极化相位测量值作为角度参数估计相位初始值。将四阵元双极化天线阵列的每个阵元-45°极化相位值初始值与相位误差补偿值在大角度范围内对应相加，形成补偿后的天线阵列阵元间相位终值，利用此相位终值进行测向角度参数估计。因此本发明通过引入相位误差补偿值提升测向角度的精度，解决了单极化天线阵列对移动终端的定位精度差的问题。The dual-polarized antenna array with +45° and -45° orthogonal polarizations shown in FIG3 does not need to consider the posture of the mobile terminal (i.e., different transmitting antenna polarizations). The magnitudes of the two signal amplitude measurements of the receiving end under the +45° and -45° polarization states of the orthogonal polarization array elements are compared. If the received signal amplitude measurement value under the +45° polarization state is large, each element of the four-element dual-polarized antenna array uses the +45° polarization phase measurement value as the initial phase value of the angle parameter estimation phase. The phase consistency value under the +45° polarization condition in FIG4 is inverted as the antenna array element phase error compensation value. The initial value of the +45° polarization phase value of each element of the four-element dual-polarized antenna array and the phase error compensation value are added correspondingly within a large angle range to form the compensated antenna array element phase final value, and the direction finding angle parameter estimation can be performed using this phase final value. Similarly, if the received signal amplitude measurement value under the -45° polarization state is large, each element of the four-element dual-polarized antenna array uses the -45° polarization phase measurement value as the initial phase value of the angle parameter estimation phase. The initial value of the -45° polarization phase value of each element of the four-element dual-polarization antenna array and the phase error compensation value are added correspondingly in a large angle range to form a compensated final phase value between antenna array elements, and the final phase value is used to estimate the direction finding angle parameter. Therefore, the present invention improves the accuracy of the direction finding angle by introducing the phase error compensation value, and solves the problem of poor positioning accuracy of the single-polarization antenna array for the mobile terminal.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
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