CN113670979A - An experimental system and method for the study of flow and heat transfer characteristics of lead-bismuth alloys under ocean conditions - Google Patents
An experimental system and method for the study of flow and heat transfer characteristics of lead-bismuth alloys under ocean conditions Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种海洋条件下铅铋合金流动传热特性研究实验系统及方法，该系统包括试验段，模拟海洋运动条件的六自由度运动平台、铅铋合金回路系统、高温导热油冷却回路系统和氩气支路系统，还包括配套的配电设备、仪控设备和数据测量采集设备。实验时，利用氩气支路将储铅罐中的铅铋合金压入铅铋合金回路，海洋运动平台驱动铅铋合金回路中的试验段及其系统实现起伏、摇摆等运动；高温导热油冷却回路系统的变频泵驱动油箱中的导热油流进套管式换热器给铅铋合金回路提供冷却，被加热的导热油经管壳式换热器和冷却塔恢复到初始温度后再返回油箱；本发明获得海洋条件下六自由度运动过程中反应堆内铅铋合金流动传热特性，可用于海洋条件下反应堆的安全设计。
The invention discloses an experimental system and method for studying the flow and heat transfer characteristics of lead-bismuth alloys under ocean conditions. The system includes a test section, a six-degree-of-freedom motion platform for simulating ocean motion conditions, a lead-bismuth alloy circuit system, and a high-temperature heat-conducting oil cooling circuit. The system and the argon branch system also include the supporting power distribution equipment, instrument control equipment and data measurement and acquisition equipment. During the experiment, the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead storage tank was pressed into the lead-bismuth alloy circuit by the argon gas branch, and the test section and its system in the lead-bismuth alloy circuit were driven by the marine motion platform to realize undulating, swinging and other movements; the high-temperature heat-conducting oil was cooled The variable frequency pump of the circuit system drives the heat transfer oil in the oil tank to flow into the casing heat exchanger to provide cooling for the lead-bismuth alloy circuit, and the heated heat transfer oil returns to the initial temperature through the shell and tube heat exchanger and cooling tower before returning to the oil tank; The invention obtains the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy in the reactor during the six-degree-of-freedom motion under ocean conditions, and can be used for the safety design of the reactor under ocean conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lead-bismuth reactors, in particular to a system and a method for researching the flow heat transfer characteristics of a lead-bismuth alloy under an ocean condition.
Background
The ocean nuclear power platform is an organic combination of a small nuclear reactor and ship engineering, can provide safe and efficient energy supply for remote islands, can also be used for ocean functions in the fields of exploitation, high-power ships and seawater desalination, and has great significance for developing and utilizing new energy and ocean energy in China. The lead bismuth reactor has wide application prospect in ocean engineering, and the flow heat exchange phenomenon of liquid metal in the reactor is the basis of reactor design and safety analysis. Under the ocean condition, the nuclear power platform can generate six-degree-of-freedom motion such as heave, inclination and swing under the action of wind waves in the ocean, and under the influence of the additional action force of the ocean, a nuclear power system can be subjected to strong nonlinear disturbance, and the flow heat transfer characteristic of the lead-bismuth alloy can be obviously changed compared with the static condition, so that parameters such as the flow and the pressure of the nuclear reactor system can generate corresponding response, and even the safety of a reactor is influenced. Therefore, the research on the flow heat transfer of the lead-bismuth alloy under the ocean condition has important significance on the safe operation of the ocean nuclear power platform.
At present, the research on thermotechnical and hydraulic power of a pressurized water reactor under the marine condition is quite abundant, but the research on the application of a lead bismuth reactor in the marine engineering is weak, so that the invention can provide support for the application of a marine lead bismuth reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, a research experiment system and a research experiment method for the flow heat transfer characteristics of the lead bismuth alloy under the ocean condition are developed, and the influence of the ocean condition on the flow heat transfer of the lead bismuth alloy can be researched.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a research experiment system for the flow heat transfer characteristics of a lead bismuth alloy under an ocean condition comprises a replaceable test section 1, an ocean motion platform 2 for simulating an ocean motion condition, a lead storage tank 9 for storing the lead bismuth alloy, a lead bismuth loop system for installing the test section, a high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop system for providing cooling for the lead bismuth loop system, and an argon branch system for providing an oxygen-free argon environment for the lead bismuth alloy loop and pressing the lead bismuth alloy into the lead bismuth loop; the test section 1 is connected with a lead-bismuth alloy loop system through an upper flange and a lower flange, a plurality of thermocouples are arranged on the test section 1 to measure the temperature of the inner wall surface and the internal fluid of the test section, and a differential pressure transmitter 8 is arranged to measure the pressure drop of the test section; the test section 1, the preheating section 2, the electromagnetic pump 3 for providing a driving pressure head for the lead bismuth alloy loop, the second liquid metal valve 402 for controlling the lead bismuth alloy loop to be opened and closed, the electromagnetic flowmeter 5 for measuring the flow of the lead bismuth alloy loop, the calibration cylinder 6 for calibrating the electromagnetic flowmeter and simultaneously serving as an expansion tank and the sleeve type heat exchanger 7 for providing cooling for the lead bismuth alloy loop are sequentially connected to form a lead bismuth alloy loop system, bypass loops are arranged at two ends of the electromagnetic pump 3, the first liquid metal valve 401 is arranged on each bypass loop, the flow of the lead bismuth alloy loop is regulated through the first liquid metal valve 401, the lead bismuth alloy loop system is connected with the lead storage tank 9 through a metal hose, and the third liquid metal valve 403 is arranged on each metal hose to control the lead bismuth alloy to flow into and flow out of the lead bismuth alloy loop system; an exhaust valve 1903 is arranged above the calibration cylinder 6, and the calibration cylinder 6 is connected with an argon branch system at the same time; the lead-bismuth alloy loop system is fixed on the ocean motion platform 2, and the fluctuation or swing acceleration amplitude and period are set by the instrument control equipment 22 during the experiment to control the test section 1 to fluctuate or swing.
In the high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop system, a heat conduction oil tank 11 is connected with a double-pipe heat exchanger 7 through a variable frequency pump 12 and a first heat conduction oil valve 1301, and a heat conduction oil pipeline entering and exiting the double-pipe heat exchanger 7 is a metal hose; the heat conduction oil heated by the double-pipe heat exchanger 7 flows through the flowmeter 14 and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 15 and then returns to the heat conduction oil tank 11; the final heat trap of the high-temperature heat-conducting oil cooling loop system is a cooling tower 16 and provides cooling for a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 15; two ends of the variable frequency pump 12 of the high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop system are connected with a bypass loop in parallel, a second heat conduction oil valve 1302 is arranged on the bypass loop, and the flow of the whole high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop is adjusted through the second heat conduction oil valve 1302;
an argon bottle 17 in the argon branch system passes through a pressure reducing valve 18 and then is connected with a calibration cylinder 6 in the lead bismuth alloy loop system through a first air valve 1901, and the argon bottle is used for introducing argon into the lead bismuth alloy loop system to keep an oxygen-free environment; the argon gas bottle 17 of the argon gas branch system is connected with the lead storage tank 9 through a second gas valve 1902 after passing through a pressure reducing valve 18, and is used for pressing the lead bismuth alloy in the lead storage tank 9 into a lead bismuth alloy loop system through high-pressure argon gas; the gas pipeline connected with the calibration cylinder 6 is a metal hose.
The test section 1 is designed into a round pipe, a ring pipe or a rod bundle channel test section according to the experiment requirement.
The high-temperature heat conduction oil in the high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop system is QC320, and the highest service temperature is 320 ℃; the cooling side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 15 is water.
The ocean motion platform 2 is provided with a power distribution device 21, an instrument control device 22 and a data measurement and acquisition device 23.
Six thermocouples are arranged on the test section 1 at equal intervals, namely a first thermocouple 401, a second thermocouple 402, a third thermocouple 403, a fourth thermocouple 404, a fifth thermocouple 405 and a sixth thermocouple 406.
The experimental method of the experimental system for researching the flow heat transfer characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy under the ocean condition is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the experiment begins, the second air valve 1902 and the third liquid metal valve 403 are opened, argon in the argon bottle 9 is filled into the lead storage tank 9, so that the liquid metal lead bismuth alloy is slowly pressed into the lead bismuth alloy loop system, and at the moment, the exhaust valve 1903 above the calibration cylinder 6 is intermittently opened to exhaust the lead bismuth alloy loop; when the calibration barrel 6 is full of the lead-bismuth alloy, the third liquid metal valve 403 is closed, the lead-bismuth alloy is stopped being pressed into the lead-bismuth alloy loop, and the lead-bismuth alloy loop is full of the lead-bismuth alloy; opening the electromagnetic pump 3 to enable the lead-bismuth alloy to start to circularly flow in the lead-bismuth alloy loop; the amplitude and the period parameters of the fluctuation or the swing motion required by the ocean motion platform for simulating the ocean conditions are set at the instrument control device 22, so that the test section 1 moves according to a set motion mode; when a flow resistance experiment is carried out, because the density of the lead-bismuth alloy is high, in order to reduce the influence of temperature change on gravity pressure drop, the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in a lead-bismuth alloy loop is kept at 350 ℃, the flow of lead-bismuth in the lead-bismuth alloy loop is adjusted by adjusting an electromagnetic pump and a first liquid metal valve 401 in a bypass loop, and a differential pressure transmitter 8 arranged on a test section 1 is used for recording the pressure drop; for different lead bismuth alloy loop circulation flows, when the pressure drop, flow and temperature signals in the lead bismuth alloy loop are regularly stable under the marine motion condition, continuously acquiring the signals through the data measuring and acquiring equipment 23 to finish the experimental working condition; when a convection heat transfer experiment is carried out, the flow of the heat conducting oil of the high-temperature heat conducting oil loop is adjusted through the variable frequency pump 12 in the high-temperature heat conducting oil cooling loop system and the second heat conducting oil valve 1302 in the bypass loop according to the experimental working conditions so as to adjust the cooling power of the double-pipe heat exchanger 7, so that the temperature of the lead bismuth alloy is kept consistent when the lead bismuth alloy enters the test section 1; adjusting the heating power of the lead-bismuth alloy loop system, and continuously acquiring signals through the data measuring and acquiring equipment 23 to finish the experimental working conditions when the flow measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter 5 and the temperature fluctuation measured by each thermocouple in the experimental section are regularly and stably under each group of working conditions; after the experiment is finished, the data measuring and collecting device 23 is closed, the heating of the lead-bismuth alloy loop system is stopped, and the ocean motion platform 2 simulating the ocean motion conditions stops moving; opening a third liquid metal valve 403 to enable the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth alloy loop to flow back to the lead storage tank 9 by virtue of gravity; opening a first valve 1901 of an argon branch system, and pumping argon into the lead-bismuth alloy loop to keep the lead-bismuth alloy loop in an anaerobic state; the variable frequency pump 12 and the cooling tower 19 in the high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop system keep running until the high-temperature heat conduction oil in the heat conduction oil tank 11 is cooled to normal temperature; and finally, turning off the power supply of the system, and finishing the experiment.
The method solves the problem of research on the flow heat transfer of the lead-bismuth alloy under the ocean condition, makes up for relevant blank, is beneficial to accelerating the industrial application of the lead-bismuth reactor, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the experimental apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the experimental system for researching the flow heat transfer characteristics of the lead bismuth alloy under the marine condition comprises a replaceable test section 1, a marine motion platform 2 for simulating the marine motion condition, a lead storage tank 9 for storing the lead bismuth alloy, a lead bismuth loop system for installing the test section, a high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop system for providing cooling for the lead bismuth loop system, and an argon branch system for providing an oxygen-free argon environment for the lead bismuth alloy loop and pressing the lead bismuth alloy into the lead bismuth loop; the test section 1 is connected with a lead-bismuth alloy loop system through an upper flange and a lower flange and can be designed into test sections such as a round pipe, a ring pipe, a rod bundle channel and the like according to the experimental requirements; a thermocouple 401 and a thermocouple 406 are arranged on the test section to measure the temperature of the inner wall surface and the internal fluid of the test section, and a differential pressure transmitter 8 is arranged to measure the pressure drop of the test section; the test section 1, the preheating section 2, the electromagnetic pump 3 for providing a driving pressure head for the lead bismuth alloy loop, the electromagnetic flowmeter 5 for measuring the loop flow, the calibration cylinder 6 for calibrating the electromagnetic flowmeter and simultaneously serving as an expansion tank, and the sleeve type heat exchanger 7 for providing cooling for the lead bismuth alloy loop are sequentially connected to form a lead bismuth alloy loop system; two ends of the electromagnetic pump 3 are provided with bypass loops, the bypass loops are provided with first liquid metal valves 401, the flow of the lead bismuth alloy loop is adjusted through the first liquid metal valves 401, the lead bismuth alloy loop is controlled to be closed through second liquid metal valves 402, a lead bismuth alloy loop system is connected with the lead storage tank 9 through a metal hose, and the metal hose is provided with third liquid metal valves 403 for controlling the lead bismuth alloy to flow into and out of the lead bismuth alloy loop system; an exhaust valve 1903 is arranged above the calibration cylinder 6, and the calibration cylinder 6 is connected with an argon branch system at the same time; the integral system is fixed on the ocean motion platform 2 after the test section 1 is connected with the lead-bismuth alloy loop system, and the fluctuation or swing motion of the test section 1 is controlled by setting the fluctuation or swing acceleration amplitude and period through the instrument control device 22 during the experiment.
In the high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop system, a heat conduction oil tank 11 is connected with a double-pipe heat exchanger 7 through a variable frequency pump 12 and a first heat conduction oil valve 1301, and a heat conduction oil pipeline entering and exiting the double-pipe heat exchanger 7 is a metal hose; the heat conduction oil heated by the double-pipe heat exchanger 7 flows through the flowmeter 14 and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 15 and then returns to the heat conduction oil tank 11; the final heat trap of the high-temperature heat-conducting oil cooling loop system is a cooling tower 16 and provides cooling for a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 15; two ends of the variable frequency pump 12 of the high-temperature heat-conducting oil cooling loop system are connected with a bypass loop in parallel, and the flow of the whole high-temperature heat-conducting oil cooling loop is adjusted through a second heat-conducting oil valve 1302.
An argon bottle 17 in the argon branch system passes through a pressure reducing valve 18 and then is connected with a calibration cylinder 6 in the lead bismuth alloy loop system through a first air valve 1901, and the argon bottle is used for introducing argon into the lead bismuth alloy loop system to keep an oxygen-free environment; the argon gas bottle 17 of the argon gas branch system is connected with the lead storage tank 9 through a second gas valve 1902 after passing through a pressure reducing valve 18, and is used for pressing the lead bismuth alloy in the lead storage tank 9 into a lead bismuth alloy loop system through high-pressure argon gas; the gas pipeline connected with the calibration cylinder 6 is a metal hose.
The high-temperature heat conduction oil in the high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop system is QC320, and the highest service temperature is 320 ℃; the cooling side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 15 is water.
The ocean motion platform 2 is provided with a power distribution device 21, an instrument control device 22 and a data measurement and acquisition device 23, the power distribution device 21 mainly comprises a power distribution cabinet, a power transmission line and a power utilization device which are sequentially connected, and the power supply capacity meets all power utilization requirements required by an experimental system; the instrument control device 22 mainly comprises a display instrument in an experimental system, a control platform of the ocean motion platform 2 for simulating the ocean motion conditions, a centrifugal pump and a cooling tower starting control platform; the data measuring and collecting device 23 mainly includes a thermocouple, a flowmeter, a junction box, a data collecting card, a measuring module, a signal conditioner, a liquid metal level probe, a computer driving software and a data collecting software.
After the experiment begins, the second air valve 1902 and the third liquid metal valve 403 are opened, argon in the argon bottle 9 is filled into the lead storage tank 9, so that the liquid metal lead bismuth alloy is slowly pressed into the lead bismuth alloy loop system, and at the moment, the exhaust valve 1903 above the calibration cylinder 6 is intermittently opened to exhaust the lead bismuth alloy loop; when the calibration barrel 6 is full of the lead bismuth alloy, the third liquid metal 403 is closed, the lead bismuth alloy is stopped being pressed into the lead bismuth alloy loop, and the lead bismuth alloy loop is full of the lead bismuth alloy; opening the electromagnetic pump 3 to enable the lead-bismuth alloy to start to circularly flow in the lead-bismuth alloy loop; the amplitude and the period parameters of the fluctuation or the swing motion required by the ocean motion platform for simulating the ocean conditions are set at the instrument control device 22, so that the test section 1 moves according to a set motion mode; when a flow resistance experiment is carried out, because the density of the lead bismuth alloy is very high, in order to reduce the influence of temperature change on gravity pressure drop, the temperature of the lead bismuth alloy in a lead bismuth alloy loop is kept at 350 ℃, the flow of the lead bismuth in the lead bismuth alloy loop is adjusted by adjusting an electromagnetic pump and a first liquid metal valve 401 in a bypass loop, and a differential pressure transmitter 8 arranged on a test section 1 is used for recording the pressure drop; for different lead bismuth alloy loop circulation flows, when pressure drop, flow and temperature signals in the lead bismuth alloy loop are regularly stable under the marine motion condition, continuously acquiring the signals through the data measuring and acquiring equipment 23 to finish the experimental working condition; when a convection heat transfer experiment is carried out, the flow of the heat conducting oil of the high-temperature heat conducting oil loop is adjusted through the variable frequency pump 12 in the high-temperature heat conducting oil cooling loop system and the second heat conducting oil valve 1302 in the bypass loop according to the experimental working conditions so as to adjust the cooling power of the double-pipe heat exchanger 7, so that the temperature of the lead bismuth alloy is kept consistent when the lead bismuth alloy enters the test section 1; adjusting the heating power of the lead-bismuth alloy loop system, and continuously acquiring signals through the data measuring and acquiring equipment 23 to finish the experimental working conditions when the flow measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter 5 and the temperature fluctuation measured by each thermocouple 401 and 406 in the experimental section are relatively regular and stable for each group of working conditions; after the experiment is finished, the data measuring and collecting device 23 is closed, the heating of the lead-bismuth alloy loop system is stopped, and the ocean motion platform 2 simulating the ocean motion conditions stops moving; opening a third liquid metal valve 403 to enable the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth alloy loop to flow back to the lead storage tank 9 by virtue of gravity; opening a first valve 1901 of an argon branch system, and pumping argon into the lead-bismuth alloy loop to keep the lead-bismuth alloy loop in an anaerobic state; the variable frequency pump 12 and the cooling tower 19 in the high-temperature heat conduction oil cooling loop system keep running until the high-temperature heat conduction oil in the heat conduction oil tank 11 is cooled to normal temperature; and finally, turning off the power supply of the system, and finishing the experiment.
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