CN113675929B - Battery module control circuit, method and energy storage system - Google Patents
Battery module control circuit, method and energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113675929B CN113675929B CN202111068759.XA CN202111068759A CN113675929B CN 113675929 B CN113675929 B CN 113675929B CN 202111068759 A CN202111068759 A CN 202111068759A CN 113675929 B CN113675929 B CN 113675929B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery module control circuit, a battery module control method and an energy storage system, wherein the circuit comprises a battery management unit and a power module, and the power module comprises a first-stage equalization module and a second-stage equalization module which are connected in cascade; the battery management unit is used for acquiring the electric quantity parameters of the battery clusters; the second-stage equalization module is used for acquiring battery parameters of the battery module and determining the battery module electric quantity parameters according to the battery cluster electric quantity parameters and the battery parameters; the battery management unit controls the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameter and the first equalization target, and the second-stage equalization module is adopted to rapidly equalize the battery module; and/or controlling the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the electric quantity parameters of the battery module and the second equalization target, and performing bus-crossing equalization on the battery module by adopting the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module. The invention realizes the balance control of the battery string level through the two-stage balance module and improves the balance effect.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of energy storage control technologies, and in particular, to a battery module control circuit, a battery module control method, and an energy storage system.
Background
With the increase of the installed capacity of the energy storage system, the number of battery clusters in the box-type energy storage system is gradually increased, and each battery cluster is formed by connecting a plurality of battery modules in series.
At present, a box type energy storage system is generally installed in a mode of adopting a plurality of layers of vertical longitudinal rows or horizontal transverse rows of battery modules, and the battery modules arranged at different positions have air conditioner power and air duct differences or liquid cooling flow and flow resistance differences, so that the differences of the environment temperatures of the different battery modules are generated, the differences among the available capacities of the battery modules and the states of charge (SOC) of the battery modules are gradually increased, and the barrel effect of the energy storage system is outstanding.
In order to alleviate the above problem, the energy storage system is generally provided with an equalization circuit for performing equalization control on a single battery unit, in the prior art, the equalization circuit is generally used for performing voltage equalization on a single battery cell in a charged state, the circuit structure is complex, the equalization control of a battery string level cannot be realized, the equalization control effect is poor, and the overall performance of the energy storage system is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a battery module control circuit, a battery module control method and an energy storage system, wherein the balance control of battery string levels is realized through two-stage balance modules, the two-stage balance modules select different balance paths to balance the battery strings according to different balance targets, and the balance effect of the battery module is improved.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module control circuit for an energy storage system, where the energy storage system includes at least one battery cluster connected in parallel to a dc bus, the battery cluster includes at least one battery module connected in series, and the control circuit includes: the battery management unit and the at least one power module comprise a first-stage equalization module and a second-stage equalization module which are connected in cascade, wherein the first-stage equalization module is connected with the direct current bus, and the second-stage equalization module is also connected with the battery module; the battery management unit is used for acquiring the battery cluster electric quantity parameter of each battery cluster; the second-stage equalization module is used for acquiring battery parameters of the battery module and determining the battery module electric quantity parameters according to the battery cluster electric quantity parameters and the battery parameters; the battery management unit is further used for acquiring an equalization target, controlling the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameter and the first equalization target, and rapidly equalizing the battery module by adopting the second-stage equalization module; and/or controlling the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameter and the second equalization target, and performing bus-crossing equalization on the battery module by adopting the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery module balancing control method, which is used for an energy storage system, where the energy storage system includes at least one battery cluster connected in parallel to a dc bus, and the battery cluster includes at least one battery module connected in series, and the method includes the following steps:
acquiring a battery cluster electric quantity parameter of each battery cluster;
Acquiring battery parameters of the battery module;
determining a battery module electric quantity parameter according to the battery cluster electric quantity parameter and the battery parameter;
Acquiring an equalization target, controlling a second-stage equalization module to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameter and the first equalization target, and rapidly equalizing the battery module by adopting the second-stage equalization module;
and/or controlling the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameters and the second equalization target, and performing bus-crossing equalization on the battery module by adopting the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an energy storage system, including: the battery module control circuit and at least one battery cluster connected in parallel to the direct current bus are used for carrying out balance control on the battery modules.
The energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a battery module control circuit, wherein the control circuit is provided with a power module consisting of a battery management unit and two-stage equalization modules, the two-stage power module comprises a first-stage equalization module connected with a direct current bus and a second-stage equalization module connected with the battery module, the first-stage equalization module is connected with the second-stage equalization module in a cascade connection manner, and the battery management unit is used for acquiring the electric quantity parameters of the battery clusters of each battery cluster; acquiring battery parameters of the battery module through the second-stage equalization module, and determining the battery module electric quantity parameters according to the battery cluster electric quantity parameters and the battery parameters; the battery management unit acquires an equalization target, the second-stage equalization module is controlled to operate according to the electric quantity parameter of the battery module and the first equalization target, and the battery module is rapidly equalized by the second-stage equalization module; and/or, according to battery module electric quantity parameter and second equalization goal control first-level equalization module and second-level equalization module operation, adopt first-level equalization module and second-level equalization module to carry out the balanced to battery module of crossing the generating line, solve the problem that the structure of the existing battery equalization circuit is complicated, effect is poor, realize the equalization control of battery string level through the two-stage equalization module, the two-stage equalization module selects different equalization route to carry on equalization to the battery string according to different equalization goals, realize the automatic equalization of battery string level, improve the equalization effect of battery module, reduce the wooden barrel effect of battery string of series connection, be favorable to guaranteeing the maximization of battery cluster charge-discharge capacity, promote the whole performance of energy storage system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery module control circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit of another battery module according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power module according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another power module according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power module according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power module according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a battery module balancing control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another energy storage system according to the third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another energy storage system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to an application scenario of performing automatic equalization on a battery string (Pack) level on an energy storage system, wherein the energy storage system 1 includes at least one battery cluster 110 (Rack) connected in parallel to a dc bus (including a positive dc bus l+ and a negative dc bus L'), the battery cluster 110 includes at least one battery module 1101 (Pack) connected in series, each battery module 1101 includes a BMU ((Battery Management Unit, battery management unit) and a plurality of serial-parallel connected unit cells, and the BMU is configured to obtain an average cell temperature of the unit cells in the battery module 1101.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery module control circuit 00 includes: the battery management unit 10 and at least one power module 20, the power module 20 comprises a first-stage equalization module 201 and a second-stage equalization module 202 which are connected in cascade, the first-stage equalization module 201 is connected with a direct current bus (comprising a positive direct current bus L+ and a negative direct current bus L-) and the second-stage equalization module 202 is also connected with the battery module 1101. The power module 20 may be composed of two stages of DC/DC units, wherein the first stage equalization module 201 includes a single stage of DC/DC unit and the second stage equalization module 202 includes a plurality of stages of DC/DC units connected in series or parallel.
Alternatively, the battery management unit 10 is configured to obtain a battery cluster power parameter of each battery cluster 110; the second-stage equalization module 202 is configured to obtain battery parameters of the battery module 1101, and determine battery module power parameters according to the battery cluster power parameters and the battery parameters. The battery cluster power parameter includes a total power SOC 0 of the battery cluster 110, the battery parameter includes a module voltage U i and a module current I i of the single battery module 1101 (Pack) connected in series within the battery cluster, and the battery module power parameter includes a module power SOC i of the single battery module 1101 (Pack) connected in series, where I is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
For example, referring to fig. 1, if N battery modules 1101 (Pack) including a first battery module 1101 (1#), a second battery module 1101 (2#), … …, and an nth battery module 1101 (n#) are defined in each battery cluster 110, I is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and the battery parameters of each battery cluster 110 include a first module voltage U 1 and a first module current I 1 of the first battery module 1101 (1#), a second module voltage U 2 and a second module current I 2, … … of the second battery module 1101 (2#), and an nth module voltage U N and an nth module current I N of the nth battery module 1101 (n#). The battery module charge parameters for each battery cluster 110 include a first module charge SOC 1 for a first battery module 1101 (1 #), a second module charge SOC 2, … … for a second battery module 1101 (2 #), and an nth module charge SOC N for an nth battery module 1101 (N #).
Optionally, the battery management unit 10 may integrate a voltage and current detection function to detect the line current I L of the positive dc bus l+ and the port voltage U L of the battery cluster 110, and the battery management unit 10 calculates the total power SOC 0 of the battery cluster 110 by using the port voltage U L and the line current U L, which is not limited to specific values.
Optionally, the battery management unit 10 is further configured to obtain an equalization target, control the second-stage equalization module 202 to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameter and the first equalization target, and perform fast equalization on the battery module by using the second-stage equalization module 202; and/or controlling the first-stage equalization module 201 and the second-stage equalization module 202 to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameters and the second equalization target, and performing bus-crossing equalization on the battery module by adopting the first-stage equalization module 201 and the second-stage equalization module 202.
Optionally, the equalization targets include a first equalization target and a second equalization target, wherein the first equalization target includes: a voltage rapid equalization target and/or an SOC rapid equalization target; the second equalization target includes: any one or more combinations of full charge or full discharge equalization targets, SOH (state of health) equalization targets, or cell average temperature equalization targets are completed quickly.
The first equalization target is used for realizing rapid equalization of pack-level energy, and the rapid equalization can occur in a non-charge-discharge stage; the second balance target is used for realizing continuous balance of pack level or battery cluster level energy transfer in the charge and discharge process, and the first balance target and the second balance target can be set according to the actual application scene of the energy storage system, so that the specific content of the energy storage system is not limited.
It should be noted that, the SOH and the average temperature of the battery cell are generally used to represent the level performance of the battery cluster, and obtain energy from the battery modules in the battery cluster, and one battery module in the same battery cluster charges and one battery module discharges, so that the overall performance of the battery cluster cannot be improved, and energy interaction needs to be performed across the battery cluster to achieve the equalization effect.
Specifically, during the charge and discharge of the battery cluster 110, the battery management unit 10 samples the battery cluster power parameter of the battery cluster 110, for example, the total power SOC 0 of the battery cluster 110, and the second-stage balancing module 202 samples the battery parameter of the battery module 1101, for example, the first module voltage U 1, the second module voltages U 2, … …, the nth module voltage U N, the first module current I 1, the second module currents I 2, … …, and the nth module current I N, and calculates the battery module power parameter of the single battery module 1101, for example, the first module power SOC 1, the second module power SOC 2, … …, and the nth module power SOC N. The battery management unit 10 obtains battery module electric quantity parameters of all battery modules 1101 in the cluster, determines whether the variability between the battery modules 1101 in the battery cluster 110 reaches a preset equalization start condition, for example, whether the SOC difference between the module electric quantities SOC i of any two battery modules 1101 in the cluster reaches a preset SOC threshold value, or whether the voltage difference between the module voltages U i of any two battery modules 1101 in the cluster reaches a preset differential pressure threshold value, and if the variability between the battery modules 1101 reaches the preset equalization start condition, the battery management unit 10 selects an equalization path to perform equalization according to the equalization target.
If the difference between the battery modules 1101 reaches the preset equalization start condition and the equalization target is the first equalization target, the battery management unit 10 controls the second-stage DC/DC unit in the second-stage equalization module 202 to start, and controls the first-stage DC/DC unit in the first-stage equalization module 201 to turn off and not operate, and performs energy transfer on the unbalanced battery modules 1101 through the second-stage DC/DC unit, for example, transfer from the battery modules 1101 with high voltage to the battery modules 1101 with low voltage or transfer from the battery modules 1101 with high electric quantity to the battery modules 1101 with low electric quantity, so as to realize rapid equalization.
If the difference between the battery modules 1101 reaches the preset balance starting condition and the balance target is the second balance target, the battery management unit 10 controls the primary DC/DC unit in the first-stage balance module 201 and the secondary DC/DC unit in the second-stage balance module 202 to start to operate, and drives the battery modules 1101 and the battery cluster port or the direct current bus to perform energy interaction through the primary DC/DC unit and the secondary DC/DC unit, for example, to charge the battery modules 1101 with low electric quantity in the charging process or discharge the battery modules 1101 with high electric quantity in the discharging process additionally, so as to realize bus-crossing balance.
If the difference between the battery modules 1101 does not reach the preset balance starting condition, the battery management unit 10 controls the primary DC/DC unit in the first-stage balance module 201 and the secondary DC/DC unit in the second-stage balance module 202 to be turned off and not operated, which is beneficial to reducing the self-power consumption of the power module and reducing the adhesion risk of the electrical switch.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention realizes the balance control of the battery string level through the two-stage balance module, the two-stage balance module selects different balance channels according to different balance targets to balance the battery string, the problems of complex structure and poor effect of the traditional battery balance circuit are solved, the two-stage balance module realizes the balance control of the battery string level, the two-stage balance module selects different balance channels according to different balance targets to balance the battery string, the automatic balance of the battery string level is realized, the balance effect of the battery module is improved, the wooden barrel effect of the series battery string is reduced, the maximization of the charge and discharge capacity of the battery cluster is guaranteed, and the overall performance of the energy storage system is improved.
Referring to fig. 1, taking an example of setting N battery modules 101 connected in series in a single battery cluster, a specific operation process of the control circuit will be described in detail, where the SOC value of the battery module 1101 in the same battery cluster includes: first module power SOC 1, second module power SOC 2, … …, nth module power SOC N; the voltage values of the battery modules 1101 within the same battery cluster include: first module voltage U 1, second module voltages U 2, … …, nth module voltage U N; the SOH values of the battery modules 1101 within the same battery cluster include: first module health SOH 1, second module health SOH 2, … …, nth module health SOH N; the average cell temperature values of the battery modules 1101 in the same battery cluster include: first module temperature value T 1, second module temperature values T 2, … …, nth module temperature value T N.
Optionally, the second-stage equalization module 202 is configured to obtain an SOC value or a voltage value of the battery module 1101; carrying out SOC fast equalization on the maximum SOC battery module and the minimum SOC battery module according to the SOC value; or the voltage of the maximum voltage battery module and the voltage of the minimum voltage battery module are quickly balanced according to the voltage value.
The maximum SOC battery module refers to a battery module corresponding to a maximum value of the first, second, and nth battery modules SOC 1, SOC 2, … …, and SOC N, for example, the xth battery module 1101 (x#), and the minimum SOC battery module refers to a battery module corresponding to a minimum value of the first, second, and nth battery modules SOC 1, SOC 2, … …, and SOC N, for example, the yth battery module 1101 (y#); the maximum voltage battery module is a battery module corresponding to the maximum value of the first, second, and nth battery voltages U 1, U 2, … …, and U N, for example, the p-th battery module 1101 (p#), and the minimum voltage battery module is a battery module corresponding to the minimum value of the first, second, and nth battery voltages U 1, U 2, … …, and U N, for example, the q-th battery module 1101 (q#).
Specifically, after acquiring the SOC rapid equalization target, the battery management unit 10 and the power module 20 start rapid equalization on the battery modules 1101 in the battery cluster, acquire the maximum SOC battery module 1101 (x#) and the minimum SOC battery module 1101 (y#) in the battery cluster; and starting a first secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (x#) connected with the maximum SOC battery module 1101 (x#) and a second secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (y#) connected with the minimum SOC battery module 1101 (y#), wherein the first secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (x#) works in a discharging mode, the second secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (y#) works in a charging mode, and transferring the energy of the maximum SOC battery module 1101 (x#) to the minimum SOC battery module 1101 (y#) until the residual electric quantity of the two electric quantities are equal or approximately equal, so that the quick balance of the Pack-level electric quantity is realized, and the constant-power continuous operation time of the energy storage system is longer.
After the voltage rapid equalization target is obtained, the battery management unit 10 starts rapid equalization on the battery modules 1101 in the battery cluster, and transfers the energy of the maximum voltage battery module 1101 (p#) to the minimum voltage battery module 1101 (q#) by adopting a method similar to the SOC equalization until the voltages of the two are equal or approximately equal, so that rapid equalization of the Pack level voltage is realized.
Optionally, the first-stage equalization module 201 and the second-stage equalization module 202 are configured to obtain a charge/discharge state of the battery module and an SOC value of the battery module; overdischarge is carried out on the maximum SOC battery module according to the SOC value in the discharging process; or the minimum SOC battery module is overcharged according to the SOC value in the charging process.
The overdischarge refers to that the discharge electric quantity of the maximum SOC battery module in the same time period is higher than the average discharge electric quantity of all battery modules in the battery cluster; the overcharge means that the charge power of the minimum SOC battery module in the same period is higher than the average charge power of all battery modules in the battery cluster.
Specifically, after the fast full-discharge equalization target is obtained, the battery management unit 10 and the power module 20 start full-discharge equalization on the battery modules 1101 in the battery cluster, in the discharging process, obtain the maximum SOC battery module 1101 (x#), and start the first secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (x#) and the primary DC/DC unit connected to the maximum SOC battery module 1101 (x#), where the first secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (x#) and the primary DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#) all work in the discharging mode, and the discharging on time of the first secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (x#) is longer than the discharging on time of all the secondary DC/DC units except the first secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (x#), and by adjusting the discharging operation time of different battery modules, the battery modules 1101 (pack) reach full-discharge at the same time, so as to avoid the barrel effect generated by unbalanced residual electric quantity of the battery modules.
Similarly, after the fast full charge balancing target is obtained, the battery management unit 10 and the power module 20 start full charge balancing on the battery modules 1101 in the battery cluster, in the charging process, the minimum SOC battery module 1101 (y#) is obtained, the second stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (y#) and the first stage DC/DC unit connected with the minimum SOC battery module 1101 (y#) are started, the second stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (y#) and the first stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#) are both operated in the charging mode, and the charging on time of the second stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (y#) is longer than the charging on time of all the second stage DC/DC units except the second stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (y#), and by adjusting the charging operation time of different battery modules, each battery module 1101 (pack) is enabled to reach full charge at the same time, so as to avoid the barrel effect generated by unbalanced residual electric quantity of the battery modules.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention can realize full charge or full discharge of all battery modules under the condition that the characteristics of the battery modules in the battery clusters or the battery stacks are inconsistent by coordinating the two-stage DC/DC to perform balanced control on the battery modules, thereby being beneficial to improving the availability of the energy storage system.
Optionally, the first-stage equalization module 201 and the second-stage equalization module 202 are configured to obtain a charge/discharge state of the battery module 1101 and an SOH value or a cell average temperature value of the battery module 1101; overdischarge the battery module according to the SOH value or the average temperature value of the battery core in the discharging process; or the battery module is overcharged according to the SOH value or the average temperature value of the battery core in the charging process.
Specifically, after the SOH balancing target or the average temperature balancing target of the battery cell is obtained, the battery management unit 10 and the power module 20 start balancing the battery module 1101, the battery management unit 10 controls the primary DC/DC unit and the secondary DC/DC unit to operate in a charging mode, and obtains energy from the port or the DC bus of the battery cluster to perform excessive charging on the battery module 1101 with high SOH or low average temperature of the battery cell in the charging process; or the primary DC/DC unit and the secondary DC/DC unit are controlled to work in a discharging mode, energy of the battery module 1101 with high SOH or low average temperature of the battery cells in the amplifying process is transmitted to a port of a battery cluster or a direct current bus to obtain energy, and overcharge is carried out, so that the primary DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#) can take SOH value or average temperature value of the battery cells as an equalization object, and equalization current or power is distributed, equalization of continuous usable performance of the battery module 1101 is achieved, and overall performance of an energy storage system is improved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit of a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Optionally, the power module 20 further includes an excitation signal generating unit 203, where the excitation signal generating unit 203 is configured to provide an excitation signal to the battery module 1101, and obtain a battery physical examination result of the battery module 1101.
The excitation signal generating unit 203 may be integrally provided with the first stage equalization module 201 or the second stage equalization module 202, and the excitation signal may be a charging current signal with a preset frequency.
Specifically, the excitation signal generating unit 203 is adopted to send out an excitation signal with a preset frequency, impedance spectrum analysis is performed on the battery module 1101 by collecting a response result of any battery module 1101 to the excitation signal, the battery health degree SOH of the battery module 1101 is identified, safety early warning is provided for the running of the battery cluster by taking the battery health degree SOH as the battery cluster, and the battery physical examination and the battery balancing function are integrally arranged, so that the balancing effect is improved, and the risk predicting capability of the energy storage system is improved.
Optionally, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power module according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, a first-stage equalization module 201 and a second-stage equalization module 202 which are connected in cascade adopt a circuit structure of single-input and multi-output; the first-stage equalization module 201 includes a stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#), and a first side of the stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#) is electrically connected to a DC bus (including an anode DC bus l+ and a cathode DC bus L-); the second level equalization module 202 includes at least one secondary DC/DC unit, for example, no. 1 secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (1#), no. 2 secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (2#), … …, no. N secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (n#), and after the first sides of the at least one secondary DC/DC units are connected in parallel, the second sides of the secondary DC/DC units are connected to the battery module 1101 in a one-to-one correspondence manner through the secondary equalization bus, the secondary DC/DC units are used for collecting battery parameters of the battery module 1101 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, calculating SOC values and/or SOH values of the battery module according to the battery parameters and the battery cluster power parameters, and transmitting the battery parameters, the SOC values, the SOH values to the primary DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#).
Specifically, the battery cluster is formed by connecting a plurality of battery modules 1101 (PACK) in series, and is provided with a single-channel input and multi-channel output power module, the first battery module 1101 (1#) to the nth battery module 1101 (n#) are provided with a number 1 secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (1#) to a number N secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (n#), the secondary DC/DC units are connected in parallel to a secondary balance bus, the same primary DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#) is shared for carrying out energy interaction with a battery cluster port, rapid balance among the battery modules in the cluster is realized, the plurality of secondary DC/DC units are connected in parallel, any battery module 1101 can independently perform grid connection through the two-stage DC/DC units, when any battery module 1101 fails, the battery module in the battery cluster which is not failed can still participate in grid connection, the module independence is strong, and the reliability and the energy storage efficiency of the energy storage system are improved.
Alternatively, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another power module according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and the difference between the power module and the power module shown in fig. 3 is that the bus sides of the two-stage DC/DC units are connected in series.
Referring to fig. 4, a first-stage equalization module 201 and a second-stage equalization module 202 which are connected in cascade adopt a circuit structure of single-input and multi-output; the first-stage equalization module 201 includes a stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#), and a first side of the stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#) is electrically connected to a DC bus (including an anode DC bus l+ and a cathode DC bus L-); the second stage equalizing module 202 includes at least one second stage DC/DC unit, for example, a number 1 second stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (1#), a number 2 second stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (2#), … …, a number N second stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (n#), and a plurality of second stage DC/DC units, the first sides of which are connected in series and then cascaded with the second side of the first stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#).
Specifically, the first sides of the plurality of secondary DC/DC units are connected in series, after the secondary DC/DC units are converged, the primary DC/DC units DC/DC (m#) are connected through the secondary DC/DC units DC/DC (1#) and the secondary DC/DC units DC/DC (N#) which are connected in series, the voltage value of the converging side of the secondary DC/DC units connected in series is larger than the voltage value of the converging side of the secondary DC/DC units connected in parallel, the boosting ratio of the primary DC/DC units DC/DC (m#) is reduced, and the cost of the energy storage system is reduced.
Optionally, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another power module according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 5, at least one battery cluster includes N battery clusters, a single battery cluster is provided with N battery modules 1101 connected in series, wherein N and N are positive integers of 1 or more; the power module 20 is provided with N primary DC/DC units DC/DC (m#), each primary DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#) is correspondingly connected with N secondary DC/DC units, so as to form N single-path input and N-path output first power modules 210, the N first power modules 210 balance N battery clusters in a one-to-one correspondence manner, for example, the 1 st first power module 210 (1#) balances the 1# battery cluster, … …, and the N first power module 210 (1#) balances the N # battery cluster; the first-stage equalization module of the first power module 210 includes a first-stage DC/DC unit, and the second-stage equalization module of the first power module 210 includes N second-stage DC/DC units, where the N second-stage DC/DC units are connected to the N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence.
Specifically, the N battery clusters include a 1# battery cluster, a 2# battery cluster, … … and an N # battery cluster, the 1# battery cluster is provided with a battery module 1101 (11#), a battery module 1101 (12#), a … … and a battery module 1101 (1 n#), the N # battery cluster is provided with a battery module 1101 (N1#), a battery module 1101 (N2#), a … … and a battery module 1101 (nn#), each battery module 1101 is provided with a one-to-one secondary DC/DC unit, the secondary DC/DC unit shares the same primary DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#), and the primary DC/DC units DC/DC (m#) are connected in parallel on a direct current bus through a primary balance bus so that the power module can acquire energy from the direct current bus or feedback energy to the direct current bus, thereby realizing automatic balance of the battery string level in the cluster or across the cluster and solving the problem of cross-cluster balance.
Optionally, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another power module according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 6, at least one battery cluster includes N battery clusters 110, and a single battery cluster 110 is provided with N battery modules 1101 connected in series, wherein N and N are positive integers of 1 or more; the power module 20 is provided with a first stage DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#), each of the first stage DC/DC units DC/DC (m#) is correspondingly connected with n×n second stage DC/DC units, so as to form a second power module 220 with single input and n×n output, and the second power module 220 is used for balancing N battery clusters 110; the first stage equalization module of the second power module 220 for equalizing power includes a first stage DC/DC unit, and the second stage equalization module of the second power module 220 includes n×n second stage DC/DC units, where the n×n second stage DC/DC units are connected to the n×n battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence.
Specifically, N battery clusters share a single-input and multi-output second power module 220, each battery module 1101 is provided with a one-to-one corresponding secondary DC/DC unit, for example, the battery module 1101 (11#) is connected with the secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (11#), the battery module 1101 (12#) is connected with the secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (12#), … …, the battery module 1101 (1n#) is connected with the secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (1n#), … …, the battery module 1101 (n1#) is connected with the secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (n1#), the battery module 1101 (n2#) is connected with the secondary DC/DC unit DC/DC (n2#), … …, the battery module 1101 (nN#) is connected with the secondary DC/DC unit DC (nN#), all the secondary DC/DC units share the same primary DC/DC unit DC/DC (m), the primary DC/DC unit DC/DC (m#) is connected with the secondary DC/DC unit DC (n#) to realize the direct current balancing of the cluster system or the energy level can be balanced across the direct current, or the power can be balanced across the cluster system, and the power can be balanced across the DC bus, or the power can be balanced across the cluster system.
Alternatively, as shown with reference to fig. 3 to 6, the primary DC/DC unit and/or the secondary DC/DC unit employs an isolated DC/DC unit.
The isolation type DC/DC unit can realize electrical isolation between the input side and the output side, is favorable for avoiding the risk of grounding the negative electrode, and improves the safety performance of the energy storage system.
Example two
The second embodiment of the invention also provides a battery module balance control method which is used for an energy storage system, wherein the energy storage system comprises at least one battery cluster connected in parallel with a direct current bus, and the battery cluster comprises at least one battery module connected in series.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a battery module balancing control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 7, the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S1: and acquiring the battery cluster electric quantity parameter of each battery cluster.
Step S2: and acquiring battery parameters of the battery module.
Step S3: and determining the battery module electric quantity parameter according to the battery cluster electric quantity parameter and the battery parameter.
Step S4: and obtaining an equalization target.
If the balance target is the first balance target, executing step S5; if the equalization target is the second equalization target, step S6 is executed.
Step S5: and controlling the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the electric quantity parameters of the battery module and the first equalization target, and rapidly equalizing the battery module by adopting the second-stage equalization module.
Step S6: and controlling the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the electric quantity parameters of the battery module and the second equalization target, and performing bus-crossing equalization on the battery module by adopting the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module.
Optionally, the first equalization target comprises: a voltage rapid equalization target and/or an SOC rapid equalization target.
Optionally, the second equalization target comprises: any one or more combinations of full charge or full discharge balance targets, SOH balance targets or cell average temperature balance targets are completed quickly.
Optionally, the battery module equalization control method includes fast equalizing the battery module by using a second-stage equalization module, and specifically includes: acquiring an SOC value or a voltage value of a battery module; carrying out SOC rapid equalization on the maximum SOC battery module and the minimum SOC battery module according to the SOC value by adopting a second-stage equalization module; or the voltage of the maximum voltage battery module and the voltage of the minimum voltage battery module are quickly balanced according to the voltage value.
Optionally, the battery module equalization control method further includes performing cross-bus equalization on the battery module by adopting a first-stage equalization module and a second-stage equalization module, and specifically includes: acquiring a charging/discharging state of a battery module and an SOC value of the battery module; the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module are adopted to carry out excess discharge on the battery module according to the SOC value in the discharging process; or the battery module is overcharged according to the SOC value in the charging process.
Optionally, the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module are used for performing cross-bus equalization on the battery module, and the method further includes: acquiring a charge/discharge state of a battery module, and acquiring an SOH value or an average temperature value of a battery cell of the battery module; the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module are adopted to carry out excess discharge on the battery module according to the SOH value or the average temperature value of the battery cell in the discharging process; or the battery module is overcharged according to the SOH value or the average temperature value of the battery core in the charging process.
Optionally, the battery module equalization control method further includes providing an excitation signal to the battery module by using an excitation signal generating unit of the power module, and obtaining a battery physical examination result of the battery module.
Example III
Based on the above embodiment, the third embodiment of the present invention further provides an energy storage system.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 8, the energy storage system 1 includes: the battery module control circuit 00 and at least one battery cluster 110 connected in parallel to the dc bus (including the positive dc bus l+ and the positive dc bus L-) are provided, the battery cluster 110 includes at least one battery module 1101 connected in series, and the battery module control circuit 00 is configured to perform equalization control on the battery module 1101. The battery module control circuit 00 is provided with a battery management unit and a power module, the power module is provided with two-stage balancing modules, and the two-stage balancing modules open different balancing paths according to different balancing targets to balance the battery module 1101.
Alternatively, fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another energy storage system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 9, N battery clusters 110 are connected in parallel on a dc bus, and each battery cluster 110 is provided with N battery modules connected in series, where N and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1; the battery module control circuit 00 comprises n first power modules 210, the n first power modules 210 are connected with the n battery clusters 110 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the first power modules 210 perform quick equalization or cross-bus equalization on the battery clusters 110 in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the first power module 210 includes a single primary DC/DC unit and N secondary DC/DC units, which are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery modules 1101. Wherein each battery cluster 110 is provided with an independent primary DC/DC unit.
Optionally, fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another energy storage system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 10, N battery clusters 110 are connected in parallel on a dc bus, and the battery clusters 110 are provided with N battery modules 1101 connected in series, where N and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1; the battery module control circuit 00 includes a second power module 220, the second power module 220 is connected with the n battery clusters 110, and the second power module 220 performs fast equalization or cross-bus equalization on the n battery clusters 110; the second power module 220 includes a primary DC/DC unit and n×n secondary DC/DC units, where the n×n secondary DC/DC units are connected to the n×n battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence. Wherein n battery clusters 110 share the same one-stage DC/DC unit.
In this embodiment, the control circuit sets a power module composed of a battery management unit and a two-stage equalization module, where the two-stage power module includes a first-stage equalization module connected with a dc bus and a second-stage equalization module connected with the battery module, the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module are connected in cascade, and the battery management unit obtains the battery cluster electric quantity parameters of each battery cluster; acquiring battery parameters of the battery module through the second-stage equalization module, and determining the battery module electric quantity parameters according to the battery cluster electric quantity parameters and the battery parameters; the battery management unit acquires an equalization target, the second-stage equalization module is controlled to operate according to the electric quantity parameter of the battery module and the first equalization target, and the battery module is rapidly equalized by the second-stage equalization module; and/or controlling the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the electric quantity parameters of the battery module and the second equalization target, and performing bus-crossing equalization on the battery module by adopting the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module.
According to the energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the battery module control circuit is arranged, the balance control of the battery string level is realized through the two-stage balance modules, the two-stage balance modules select different balance paths according to different balance targets to balance the battery string, the problems of complex structure and poor effect of the conventional battery balance circuit are solved, the automatic balance of the battery string level is realized, the balance effect of the battery module is improved, the barrel effect of the serial battery string is reduced, the maximization of the charge and discharge capacity of the battery cluster is guaranteed, and the overall performance of the energy storage system is improved.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (12)
1. A battery module control circuit for an energy storage system comprising at least one battery cluster connected in parallel to a dc bus, the battery cluster comprising at least one battery module connected in series, the control circuit comprising: the battery management unit and the at least one power module comprise a first-stage equalization module and a second-stage equalization module which are connected in cascade, wherein the first-stage equalization module is connected with the direct current bus, and the second-stage equalization module is also connected with the battery module;
the battery management unit is used for acquiring the battery cluster electric quantity parameter of each battery cluster;
The second-stage equalization module is used for acquiring battery parameters of the battery module and determining the battery module electric quantity parameters according to the battery cluster electric quantity parameters and the battery parameters;
The battery management unit is further used for acquiring an equalization target, controlling the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameter and the first equalization target, and rapidly equalizing the battery module by adopting the second-stage equalization module; and/or controlling the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameter and a second equalization target, and performing bus-crossing equalization on the battery module by adopting the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module;
wherein the first equalization target comprises: the first equalization target is used for realizing rapid equalization of pack-level energy, and the rapid equalization occurs in a non-charge-discharge stage;
The second equalization target includes: and rapidly completing any one or more combinations of a full charge or full discharge balance target, an SOH balance target or a battery cell average temperature balance target, wherein the second balance target is used for realizing pack level or battery cluster level energy transfer continuous balance in the charge and discharge process.
2. The battery module control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second-stage equalization module is configured to obtain an SOC value or a voltage value of the battery module, and perform SOC fast equalization on a maximum SOC battery module and a minimum SOC battery module according to the SOC value; or the voltage of the maximum voltage battery module and the voltage of the minimum voltage battery module are quickly balanced according to the voltage value.
3. The battery module control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module are configured to obtain a charge-discharge state of the battery module and an SOC of the battery module, and overdischarge the maximum SOC battery module according to the SOC value during discharge; or the minimum SOC battery module is overcharged according to the SOC value in the charging process.
4. The battery module control circuit of claim 3, wherein the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module are further configured to obtain a charge-discharge state of the battery module and an SOH value or an average cell temperature value of the battery module; overdischarge the battery module according to the SOH value or the average temperature value of the battery core in the discharging process; or the battery module is overcharged according to the SOH value or the average temperature value of the battery core in the charging process.
5. The battery module control circuit of claim 1, wherein the power module further comprises an excitation signal generation unit for providing an excitation signal to the battery module and acquiring a battery physical examination result of the battery module.
6. The battery module control circuit of claim 1, wherein the first stage equalization module comprises a stage DC/DC unit, a first side of the stage DC/DC unit being electrically connected to the direct current bus;
The second-stage equalization module comprises at least one second-stage DC/DC unit, wherein the first side of the at least one second-stage DC/DC unit is connected in series or in parallel and is cascaded with the second side of the first-stage DC/DC unit, the second side of the at least one second-stage DC/DC unit is connected with the at least one battery module in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the second-stage DC/DC unit is used for collecting battery parameters of the battery module in a one-to-one correspondence manner, calculating an SOC value and/or an SOH value of the battery module according to the battery parameters and the battery cluster electric quantity parameters, and sending the battery parameters, the SOC value and the SOH value to the first-stage DC/DC unit.
7. The battery module control circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one power module comprises N primary DC/DC units, each of the primary DC/DC units being cascade-connected with N secondary DC/DC units, wherein N is the number of battery clusters connected on the DC bus, N is the number of battery modules connected in series within a single battery cluster, and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.
8. The battery module control circuit of claim 1, wherein the at least one power module comprises a primary DC/DC unit connected in cascade with N x N secondary DC/DC units, where N is the number of battery clusters connected to the DC bus, N is the number of battery modules connected in series within a single battery cluster, and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.
9. A battery module control method for an energy storage system comprising at least one battery cluster connected in parallel to a dc bus, the battery cluster comprising at least one battery module connected in series, the method comprising the steps of:
acquiring a battery cluster electric quantity parameter of each battery cluster;
Acquiring battery parameters of the battery module;
determining a battery module electric quantity parameter according to the battery cluster electric quantity parameter and the battery parameter;
Acquiring an equalization target, controlling a second-stage equalization module to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameter and the first equalization target, and rapidly equalizing the battery module by adopting the second-stage equalization module;
And/or controlling the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module to operate according to the battery module electric quantity parameter and the second equalization target, and performing bus-crossing equalization on the battery module by adopting the first-stage equalization module and the second-stage equalization module;
wherein the first equalization target comprises: the first equalization target is used for realizing rapid equalization of pack-level energy, and the rapid equalization occurs in a non-charge-discharge stage;
The second equalization target includes: and rapidly completing any one or more combinations of a full charge or full discharge balance target, an SOH balance target or a battery cell average temperature balance target, wherein the second balance target is used for realizing pack level or battery cluster level energy transfer continuous balance in the charge and discharge process.
10. An energy storage system, comprising: the battery module control circuit of any one of claims 1-8 and at least one battery cluster connected in parallel to a dc bus, the battery cluster comprising at least one battery module connected in series, the control circuit for fast equalization or cross bus equalization of the battery modules.
11. The energy storage system of claim 10, wherein N battery clusters are connected in parallel on the dc bus, the battery clusters are provided with N battery modules connected in series, wherein N and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1;
the battery module control circuit comprises n first power modules, wherein the n first power modules are connected with the n battery clusters in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the first power modules perform quick equalization or bus-crossing equalization on the battery clusters in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
The first power supply module comprises a primary DC/DC unit and N secondary DC/DC units, and the N secondary DC/DC units are connected with the N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
12. The energy storage system of claim 10, wherein N battery clusters are connected in parallel on the dc bus, the battery clusters are provided with N battery modules connected in series, wherein N and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1;
The battery module control circuit comprises a second power module, wherein the second power module is connected with the n battery clusters and is used for carrying out quick equalization or cross-bus equalization on the n battery clusters;
The second power module comprises a first-stage DC/DC unit and N-N second-stage DC/DC units, and the N-N second-stage DC/DC units are connected with the N-N battery modules in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
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