CN113667617A - Special microbial agent for natural high-cold grassland and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special microbial agent for natural high-cold grassland and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000589774 Pseudomonas sp. Species 0.000 claims description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical group [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/27—Pseudomonas
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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Abstract
The invention provides a special microbial agent for natural high-cold grassland and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural microbial agents. The raw material components of the microbial agent mainly comprise growth-promoting bacteria fermentation liquor, livestock manure decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor, pasture litter decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor, rhizobium fermentation liquor and an auxiliary agent. The microbial agent has the effects of improving the content of nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil, resisting pathogenic fungi and reducing the incidence rate of diseases, thereby promoting the growth of pasture and improving the yield of the pasture; has the effects of promoting decomposition of lawn litter and livestock feces, promoting nutrient circulation, and increasing lawn nutrient; the active strain is separated from the alpine environment, and has good tolerance to the environment of low temperature and strong ultraviolet rays of the alpine grassland, so that the active strain is easier to colonize and survive at the rhizosphere of the forage grass in the alpine grassland and has stable and reliable effect; the active strain is separated from the rhizosphere of the alpine grassland native grass, and the environmental biological safety risk is not caused.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural microbial agents, and particularly relates to a special microbial agent for natural high-cold grassland and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The alpine grassland is an important grassland type and is one of the most main grassland types in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau areas in China, and the Qinghai-Tibet plateau alpine grassland area is the origin of a plurality of important rivers including Yangtze river, yellow river and billulan river and is a key area for water resource and ecological safety in China. Extreme environmental conditions make alpine grassland distribution areas become vulnerable areas of the land ecosystem of China. In recent decades, the vegetation in alpine grasslands has undergone a series of obvious changes under the dual effects of climate change and human activities, the grassland productivity is seriously reduced, and the function degradation of the ecological system is obvious. In the last decade, with the implementation of the protection of the ecological safety barriers and construction projects in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the situation of the degradation of the ecological system is restrained to a certain extent, but most of the grasslands still degrade to different degrees, and even degrade seriously in local areas.
The decline of soil quality and soil fertility is an important characteristic of the deterioration of alpine grassland, so that the improvement of the soil quality of the grassland and the improvement of the soil fertility are important contents of the treatment of the grassland and the restoration of the deteriorated grassland. However, due to the particularity of the climate environment of alpine grasslands and the vulnerability of the ecosystem, conventional soil improvement techniques and fertility control techniques such as chemical fertilizers, farming, straw returning and the like are not suitable in the areas; the microbial fertilizer technology based on the functional microbial resources has the advantages of safety, environmental protection, simple use, low cost and good persistence, and is a preferred scheme for treating the alpine grassland soil and regulating and controlling the fertility.
Microbial resources are important strategic resources for any country, and for this reason, the united states government started the "national microbiome program" after the earlier "human microbiome program" and "earth microbiome program" in 2016, and some countries in canada, japan and europe started microbiome programs or projects accordingly to focus on microbial resource investigation and application research. The science conference of Xiangshan in 2016 of China proposed the concept of starting the study of the microbiome plan of China, and suggests that the intensive study including the study of the agricultural microbiome is carried out in six directions, and the Chinese academy of sciences in 2017 started the plan of the microbiome plan of the Chinese academy of sciences-the study of the microbiome common technology of human body and environmental health.
The microbial fertilizer developed based on excellent microbial resources has important significance for the treatment of deteriorated grassland in alpine grassland, can promote the growth of pasture, increase the height and coverage of vegetation, improve the yield of grass and has huge ecological value and economic value; the microbial fertilizer can also improve the soil quality of the grassland, degrade harmful substances, activate soil nutrients and improve the content of available nutrients in the soil, and has great significance for the sustainable development of the grassland; thirdly, the main active ingredient functional microbial strains of the microbial fertilizer are from the original environment of the alpine grassland, can be called as being from nature and used for nature, not only can be well adapted to the severe natural environment of the alpine grassland, but also have the advantages of small disturbance to the original ecological system, safety and environmental protection. Besides, the main component of the microbial fertilizer is live microbes, and once the microbes are successfully colonized in the plant rhizosphere, the microbial fertilizer has the capability of self-reproduction and proliferation, so that the effect is good in persistence and the treatment cost is low.
At present, the research and application of microbial fertilizers at home and abroad mainly focus on a farmland ecosystem, and mainly relate to the aspects of the excavation of excellent strain resources at the rhizosphere of crops, the study of strain characteristics, the study of action mechanism, the development of products, effect verification and the like. There are very few reports in the literature on this aspect of research on natural grasses, particularly alpine grasses.
In conclusion, the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland is a new agricultural technology product with important value for national economy, but the product is not available in China at present, which is not beneficial to grassland treatment and deteriorated grassland restoration.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a special microbial agent for natural high-cold grassland and a preparation method and application thereof, and the microbial agent can improve and enhance the activity of grassland soil, improve the soil quality and promote the growth of high-quality pasture.
The invention relates to a microbial inoculum special for alpine grassland, which is prepared by screening excellent growth promoting strains from rhizosphere of high-quality pasture grass on natural grassland, screening high-efficiency decomposition strains from feces of domestic animals and pasture grass litter and screening rhizobium strains from leguminous pasture as active strains, propagating the strains by a liquid fermentation method, scientifically and reasonably compounding the strains, and adding an auxiliary agent which has the advantages of stabilizing the state of the microbial inoculum, improving the survival rate of the strains and prolonging the quality guarantee period of the microbial inoculum.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a special natural high-cold grassland microbial agent which mainly comprises, by weight, 30-40 parts of growth-promoting bacteria fermentation liquor, 20-30 parts of livestock manure decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of grass litter decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of rhizobium fermentation liquor and 5 parts of an auxiliary agent.
Further, the growth-promoting bacteria fermentation liquor is prepared by fermenting one or more strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas sp and Azotobacter sp, wherein the strains have the effects of dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen, dissolving potassium, secreting plant hormones and antagonizing pathogenic bacteria.
Further, the decomposing bacteria in the livestock manure decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor are single strains or mixed strains which are separated and purified from natural grassland cow manure and/or sheep manure.
Furthermore, the decomposing bacteria in the grass litter decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor are single strains or mixed strains which are separated and purified from the litter of natural grassland grass.
Further, the rhizobia in the rhizobia fermentation liquor is a single strain or a mixed strain system which is separated and purified from root nodules of high-quality leguminous pasture on grassland.
Preferably, the grassland high-quality leguminous forage is one or more of rice pocket and alfalfa bean.
Further, the auxiliary agent comprises an ultraviolet protective agent, a surfactant and a stabilizer.
Preferably, the ultraviolet protective agent is one of sorbitol, sodium fluorescein and xanthan gum, the purity is industrial purity or more, and the addition amount is 1% of the total mass of the microbial agent.
Preferably, the surfactant is tween-80, the purity of the surfactant is industrial purity or above, and the addition amount of the surfactant is 1% of the total mass of the microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the preservative is methyl paraben, the purity of the methyl paraben is industrial purity or higher, and the addition amount of the methyl paraben is 0.5 percent of the total mass of the microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the stabilizing agent is sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the purity of the stabilizing agent is industrial purity or more, and the adding amount of the stabilizing agent is 0.2% of the total mass of the microbial agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermentation broth
Firstly, preparing nutrient solution for fermentation, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ and 0.1MPa for 40 minutes for later use;
secondly, respectively inoculating growth promoting strains, livestock manure decomposing strains, pasture litter decomposing strains and rhizobium strains in the nutrient solution obtained in the first step, wherein the inoculation amount is 5 percent;
thirdly, culturing the inoculated nutrient solution for 48 hours under the conditions of 28 ℃, 180 revolutions per minute and saturated dissolved oxygen, and finishing fermentation;
fourthly, uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain according to the volume ratio to obtain the fermentation liquor of the mixed strain for later use;
(2) preparation of microbial agent
Firstly, preparing an ultraviolet protective agent, a surfactant and a stabilizer, and dissolving under an aseptic condition to obtain an auxiliary agent solution for later use;
secondly, uniformly mixing the prepared mixed strain fermentation liquor and the auxiliary agent solution in proportion under the aseptic condition, and keeping the aseptic state to obtain the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland.
The invention also provides application of the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland in ecological restoration of deteriorated grasslands.
The invention also provides a using method of the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland, which is carried out when the grassland turns green, and specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing a special microbial agent for alpine grassland, and placing the special microbial agent in a clean container, wherein the using amount of the microbial agent is 5-8L/mu;
secondly, adding a proper amount of sterile water or cool boiled water, and fully and uniformly mixing the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland, wherein the volume ratio of water to the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland is 1: 3-1: 5;
thirdly, manual spraying or ground mechanical spraying or unmanned aerial vehicle spraying is adopted;
and fourthly, paying attention to weather conditions before spraying by using a spraying method, avoiding long-time insolation after spraying, selecting the spraying method with the best spraying effect before raining, and using the spraying method in combination with one or more measures of scratching turf and sealing and cultivating a fence.
The invention also provides a using method of the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland, which is suitable for seed dressing in the process of the grassland reseeding and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing grass seeds, putting the grass seeds into a clean seed blender, and adding a special microbial agent for alpine grassland, wherein the addition amount is 1-2L/mu;
secondly, adding a proper amount of sterile water or cold boiled water, controlling the addition amount, adding a small amount of sterile water or cold boiled water for multiple times, adding water and stirring at the same time, and ensuring full stirring until the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland is completely adhered to the seeds;
thirdly, the mixed seeds are dried to be loose under the conditions of shade and shade;
seeding according to a conventional method, and a seed dressing method is matched with one or more measures of grass cutting and enclosure culture during reseeding.
The microbial strains adopted in the technical scheme of the invention are described as follows:
the growth-promoting bacterium fermentation broth is prepared by fermenting one or more strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas pseudomonad sp and Azotobacter sp, wherein the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the Bacillus subtilis, the Bacillus megaterium, the Bacillus licheniformis, the Bacillus pumilus, the Pseudomonas pseudomonad sp and the Azotobacter sp have the functions of dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen, decomposing potassium, secreting plant hormones and antagonizing pathogenic bacteria. The growth-promoting bacterium fermentation liquor has the effects of improving the content of effective nutrients in grassland soil, improving the poor environment tolerance of pasture, improving the disease resistance of the pasture and promoting the growth of pasture.
The decomposing bacteria in the livestock manure decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor are single strains or mixed strains separated and purified from natural grassland cow manure and/or sheep manure; the decomposing bacteria in the pasture grass litter decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor are single strains or mixed strains separated and purified from the litter of natural grassland pasture grass; the decomposing bacteria can promote the decomposition of the grassland livestock manure, improve the nutrient circulation efficiency and increase the effect of the available nutrients of the grassland.
The rhizobia in the rhizobia fermentation liquor is separated from rhizobia of high-quality leguminous grassland, and comprises rice bags and alfalfa beans. The rhizobia can promote the growth of leguminous forage grass including rice sacks and alfalfa beans.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the special microbial agent for alpine grassland has the effects of improving the content of nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil, resisting pathogenic fungi and reducing the incidence rate of diseases, thereby promoting the growth of pasture and improving the yield of pasture;
(2) the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland has the effects of promoting the decomposition of grassland litter and livestock manure, promoting nutrient circulation and improving grassland nutrients;
(3) according to the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland, the active strains are separated from the alpine environment, and the special microbial agent has good tolerance capability on the low-temperature and strong ultraviolet environment of the alpine grassland, so that the special microbial agent is easier to colonize and survive at the rhizosphere of the forage grass in the alpine grassland, and has stable and reliable effect;
(4) the active strain of the special microbial agent for alpine grassland is separated from the rhizosphere of the native grass in the alpine grassland, so that the special microbial agent has the advantages of being natural and natural in origin, free from environmental biological safety risk, free from influencing ecological environment, and safer and more environment-friendly;
(5) the special microbial agent for alpine grassland has the effects of improving soil texture, increasing soil nutrients, decomposing harmful substances and preventing soil hardening;
(6) the special microbial agent for alpine grassland has the advantages of low cost and outstanding benefit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments further describe the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Examples
A special natural high-cold grassland microbial agent mainly comprises, by weight, 30 parts of growth-promoting bacteria fermentation liquor, 25 parts of livestock manure decomposition bacteria fermentation liquor, 22 parts of grass litter decomposition bacteria fermentation liquor, 20 parts of rhizobium fermentation liquor and 3 parts of an auxiliary agent.
The growth-promoting bacterium fermentation broth is formed by fermenting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp, and Azotobacter sp.4 strains with the functions of dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen, dissolving potassium, secreting plant hormone and antagonizing pathogenic bacteria; the decomposing bacteria in the livestock manure decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor are single strains or mixed strains separated and purified from natural grassland cow manure and/or sheep manure; the decomposing bacteria in the grass litter decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor are single strains separated and purified from the litter of natural grassland pasture or decomposing bacteria in the mixed bacteria system of the decomposing bacteria agent are separated from livestock manure such as natural grassland cow manure, sheep manure and the like and the litter of pasture; the rhizobia in the rhizobia fermentation liquor is separated from rhizobia of high-quality leguminous forage grass in grassland, and the leguminous forage grass is rice pocket and/or alfalfa bean.
The auxiliary agent comprises an ultraviolet protective agent, a surfactant and a stabilizer, wherein the ultraviolet protective agent is sorbitol, the purity of the ultraviolet protective agent is industrial purity or above, and the addition amount of the ultraviolet protective agent is 1% of the total mass of the microbial inoculum; the surfactant is Tween-80, the purity is industrial purity or above, and the addition amount is 1% of the total mass of the microbial inoculum; the preservative is methyl paraben, the purity of the methyl paraben is industrial purity or above, and the addition amount of the methyl paraben is 0.5 percent of the total mass of the microbial inoculum; the stabilizer is sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the purity of the stabilizer is industrial purity or above, and the addition amount of the stabilizer is 0.2% of the total mass of the microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of the special microbial agent for the natural high-cold grassland comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing nutrient solution for fermentation, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ and 0.1MPa for 40 minutes for later use;
secondly, respectively inoculating growth promoting strains, livestock manure decomposing strains, pasture litter decomposing strains and rhizobium strains in the nutrient solution obtained in the first step, wherein the inoculation amount is 5 percent;
thirdly, culturing the inoculated nutrient solution for 48 hours under the conditions of 28 ℃, 180 revolutions per minute and saturated dissolved oxygen, and finishing fermentation;
fourthly, uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain according to the volume ratio to obtain the fermentation liquor of the mixed strain for later use;
(2) preparation of microbial agent
Firstly, preparing an ultraviolet protective agent, a surfactant and a stabilizer, and dissolving under an aseptic condition to obtain an auxiliary agent solution for later use;
secondly, uniformly mixing the prepared mixed strain fermentation liquor and the auxiliary agent solution in proportion under the aseptic condition, and keeping the aseptic state to obtain the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland.
Experiment in the field
(1) Experimental materials: the microbial inoculum for experiments is the special microbial inoculum for the alpine grassland prepared by the embodiment, and the contrast is not processed at all;
(2) the experimental site: the experimental site is located in Gansu province Gannan Tibetan autonomous state Luqu Gongba county;
(3) experiment time: selecting a green turning period of the grassland, and selecting to carry out the test before raining according to weather forecast;
(4) the experimental method comprises the following steps:
preparing a special microbial agent for alpine grassland, and placing the special microbial agent in a clean container, wherein the using amount of the microbial agent is 2-5L/mu;
adding a proper amount of sterile water or cold boiled water, wherein the microbial inoculum is water which is 1: 3-1: 5, and fully mixing;
and thirdly, spraying according to a conventional method.
(5) Index measurement
Counting the disease incidence and the plant height of the root diseases in the most vigorous growth period (middle and last ten days of 7 months); and counting indexes such as yield, thousand seed weight and the like of the highland barley after the grains are mature.
Table 1: application effect of special microbial agent for alpine grassland
As can be seen from the table 1, the application of the special microbial agent for alpine grassland can obviously promote the growth of the pasture and improve the original ecological environment of the alpine grassland, so that the average height, the coverage and the fresh grass yield of the pasture in the alpine grassland are improved, the plant number is increased, the fresh grass yield of the grassland is improved by 19.13 percent, and the economic value and the ecological benefit are obvious.
The special microbial agent for alpine grassland of the invention is stored at room temperature, the viable count of the microbial agent is detected to be 6.45 multiplied by 109cfu/g after 6 months, and the microbial agent meets the regulation of agricultural industry standard (NY/T1113-2006) of the people's republic of China.
Claims (10)
1. A special microbial agent for natural high-cold grassland is characterized in that: the raw material components mainly comprise 30-40 parts of growth-promoting bacteria fermentation liquor, 20-30 parts of livestock manure decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of pasture litter decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of rhizobium fermentation liquor and 5 parts of auxiliary agent by weight.
2. The special microbial agent for natural alpine grasses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the growth-promoting bacteria fermentation broth is prepared by fermenting one or more strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas sp and Azotobacter sp.
3. The special microbial agent for natural alpine grasses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the decomposing bacteria in the livestock manure decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor are single strains or mixed strains separated and purified from natural grassland cow manure and/or sheep manure; the decomposing bacteria in the grass litter decomposing bacteria fermentation liquor are single strains or mixed strains separated and purified from the litter of natural grassland pasture.
4. The special microbial agent for natural alpine grasses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rhizobia in the rhizobia fermentation liquor is a single bacterial strain or a mixed bacterial system which is separated and purified from the root nodules of high-quality leguminous pasture on grassland.
5. The special microbial agent for natural alpine grasses according to claim 4, characterized in that: the high-quality leguminous forage grass in the grassland is one or more of rice pocket and alfalfa bean.
6. The special microbial agent for natural alpine grasses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary agent comprises an ultraviolet protective agent, a surfactant and a stabilizer; the ultraviolet protective agent is one of sorbitol, sodium fluorescein and xanthan gum, the purity is industrial purity or above, and the addition amount is 1% of the total mass of the microbial agent; the surfactant is Tween-80, the purity is industrial purity and above, and the addition amount is 1% of the total mass of the microbial agent; the preservative is methyl paraben, the purity of the methyl paraben is industrial purity or above, and the addition amount of the methyl paraben is 0.5 percent of the total mass of the microbial agent; the stabilizer is sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the purity of the stabilizer is industrial purity or above, and the addition amount of the stabilizer is 0.2% of the total mass of the microbial agent.
7. A method for preparing the special microbial agent for alpine grasses as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparation of fermentation broth
Firstly, preparing nutrient solution for fermentation, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ and 0.1MPa for 40 minutes for later use;
secondly, respectively inoculating growth promoting strains, livestock manure decomposing strains, pasture litter decomposing strains and rhizobium strains in the nutrient solution obtained in the first step, wherein the inoculation amount is 5 percent;
thirdly, culturing the inoculated nutrient solution for 48 hours under the conditions of 28 ℃, 180 revolutions per minute and saturated dissolved oxygen, and finishing fermentation;
fourthly, uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain according to the volume ratio to obtain the fermentation liquor of the mixed strain for later use;
(2) preparation of microbial agent
Firstly, preparing an ultraviolet protective agent, a surfactant and a stabilizer, and dissolving under an aseptic condition to obtain an auxiliary agent solution for later use;
secondly, uniformly mixing the prepared mixed strain fermentation liquor and the auxiliary agent solution in proportion under the aseptic condition, and keeping the aseptic state to obtain the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland.
8. Use of the microbial agent for alpine grasses according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for ecological restoration of deteriorated grasslands.
9. A method for using the special microbial agent for alpine grasses as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the application is performed by spraying when the grassland is turned green, and the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a special microbial agent for alpine grassland, and placing the special microbial agent in a clean container, wherein the using amount of the microbial agent is 5-8L/mu;
secondly, adding a proper amount of sterile water or cool boiled water, and fully and uniformly mixing the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland, wherein the volume ratio of water to the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland is 1: 3-1: 5;
thirdly, manual spraying or ground mechanical spraying or unmanned aerial vehicle spraying is adopted;
and fourthly, paying attention to weather conditions before spraying, avoiding long-time insolation after spraying, selecting to spray before raining, and matching the spraying method with one or more measures of scratching turf and sealing and cultivating a fence.
10. The use method of the special microbial agent for alpine grasses as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the application is carried out by seed dressing method in grassland re-seeding, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing grass seeds, putting the grass seeds into a clean seed blender, and adding a special microbial agent for alpine grassland, wherein the addition amount is 1-2L/mu;
secondly, adding a proper amount of sterile water or cold boiled water, controlling the addition amount, adding a small amount of sterile water or cold boiled water for multiple times, adding water and stirring at the same time, and ensuring full and uniform stirring until the special microbial agent for the alpine grassland is completely adhered to the seeds;
thirdly, the mixed seeds are dried to be loose under the conditions of shade and shade;
seeding according to a conventional method, and matching a seed dressing method with one or more measures of grass cutting and enclosure cultivation in a fence during reseeding.
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