CN1136067C - Casting method and foundry machinery - Google Patents
Casting method and foundry machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN1136067C CN1136067C CNB011312645A CN01131264A CN1136067C CN 1136067 C CN1136067 C CN 1136067C CN B011312645 A CNB011312645 A CN B011312645A CN 01131264 A CN01131264 A CN 01131264A CN 1136067 C CN1136067 C CN 1136067C
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Abstract
The method of casting of the present invention is capable of making volume of a feeder head can be small and making cooling rate of the feeder head can be easily made lower than that of a cavity. The method is executed in a casting machine, which includes a casting die, in which the feeder head is provided between a metal inlet and the cavity and in which heat insulating of the feeder head is greater than that of the cavity so as to make cooling rate of the feeder head lower than that of the cavity. The method comprises the steps of: pouring a molten metal into the cavity; reacting the molten metal on a deoxidizing compound in the cavity so as to deoxidize an oxide film formed on a surface of the molten metal; and supplementing the molten metal in the feeder head to the cavity when the molten metal in the cavity is solidified and shrinked.
Description
The background of invention
The present invention relates to a kind of casting method and casting machine, relate to a kind of like this casting method and casting machine more precisely, wherein is that melt metal is poured in the die cavity of mold (casting die), casts out the product with regulation shape.
The method that many kind casting aluminium are arranged.For example, gravitational casting has some advantage: mold is simple, the quality of product is high.
The mold of gravitational casting is shown among Figure 10.In Figure 10, mold 100 is made of metal.Mold 100 is the discerptible models that are made of counterdie 102a and patrix 102b.The die cavity 104 that is used to cast regulation shape product is formed by counterdie 102a and patrix 102b.
Patrix 102b comprises: metal inlet 106 therefrom is poured into the aluminium of melt metal such as fusion, the aluminium alloy of fusion in the die cavity 104; Feed head (feederhead) 108 between metal inlet 106 and die cavity 104; With passage 110, can be when melt metal being poured in the die cavity 104 by the air in this passage discharge die cavity 104.
When the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt takes place to solidify, can reduce about 3% owing to shrink its volume.Curing metal in die cavity shrinks defectives such as can producing surperficial depression in cast article.In mold shown in Figure 10 100, the space that forms in die cavity 104 because curing metal shrinks can be filled with the partial melting metal in the feed head 108, thereby can prevent the defective such as surperficial depression etc.
The surface tension of aluminum or aluminum alloy melt is owing to the oxidation film that forms on the surface of fusion aluminum or aluminum alloy increases.Therefore, the flowability of fusion aluminum or aluminum alloy reduces, and the smooth degree of product surface is also just poor.In order to solve these shortcomings, with lubricator apply the feed head 108 of mold 100 shown in Figure 10 and the inner surface of die cavity 104, so that improve the molten metal flow that surperficial oxide film covers.
When coming cast article, the aluminum or aluminum alloy of fusion is poured in the metal inlet 106 of mold 100 with mold shown in Figure 10 100.The aluminum or aluminum alloy that die cavity 104 and feed head 108 are melted is filled, and discharges air from passage 110.
Then, with being filled with mold 100 coolings of motlten metal, the motlten metal in the die cavity 104 is solidified.Because the curing of motlten metal in the die cavity 104, the metal of curing shrinks, and has formed the space in die cavity 104, but the motlten metal of the space origin confession stub bar 108 in the die cavity 104 is filled.
Yet in the method for routine casting aluminium shown in Figure 10, the inner surface of feed head 108 and die cavity 104 must with lubricator apply, so that improve the molten metal flow that surperficial oxide film covers.But unfamiliar operating personnel are very difficult to determine coating layer portion, and are very difficult to be formed uniformly coating.Thereby the blemish of cast article such as rough surface just can't be avoided.
The present inventor's invention and the method (Japanese patent application No.2000-108078) of having applied for a kind of improved casting aluminium can cast out the aluminium product with good and smooth surface with the method, and need not to apply lubricant.
This improved method is existing to be illustrated in conjunction with Figure 11.At first, with magnesium nitride compound (Mg
3N
2) (it is an example of deoxy compound) be added in the die cavity 104 of mold 100, pours into a mould the aluminum or aluminum alloy of fusion then therein.
In this improved method, deoxy compound is at first to join in the die cavity 104 of mold 100, makes the oxidation film deoxidation that forms on the aluminum or aluminum alloy surface of fusion, and the surface tension of the aluminum or aluminum alloy of fusion is descended.Promptly remove oxidation film by deoxidation, molten metal flow can be improved, and makes the surface of cast article become smooth, and can have good outer surface.
Feed head 108 shown in Figure 10 or 11 can be filled the space that forms when curing metal shrinks with motlten metal in die cavity 104.Therefore, at least a portion motlten metal in feed head 108 must have enough flowabilities, even when the motlten metal in the die cavity 104 has cured.
In other words, the curing rate of the motlten metal in the feed head 108 must be lower than the curing rate of motlten metal in the die cavity 104.Like this, the cooling velocity of feed head must be lower than the cooling velocity of die cavity.In order to make cooling velocity that difference be arranged, feed head 108 is made for example big column of cross section, the motlten metal in the feed head 108 just is difficult for cooling like this.
Yet the curing metal in feed head 108 is no part, so it will be removed from product.If the curing metal in the feed head 108 is re-used, it must be fusion, therefore needs consumed energy again.
Therefore, the column feed head 108 of roomy cross section has bigger volume, thereby the productive rate of founding materials is lower, and it is also higher to re-use the energy that feed head metal consumed.
The general introduction of invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of casting method, wherein the volume of feed head is little, and can easily make the cooling velocity of feed head be lower than the cooling velocity of die cavity again.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of casting machine that can implement the inventive method.
The invention people studies for achieving the above object, they find: in their improved method shown in Figure 11, be present in deoxy compound in the die cavity 104 of mold 100 and make oxidation film deoxidation on the molten metal surface, motlten metal promptly has high flowability on without die cavity 104 inner surfaces of lubricant application like this; Inner surface without the die cavity 104 of lubricant application in the cooling velocity of motlten metal in the die cavity that with lubricator applies faster than inner surface of the cooling velocity of motlten metal.
In order between feed head made from same material 108 and die cavity 104, to produce the difference of heat insulation effect, the inner surface of feed head 108 with lubricator applies, and the inner surface of die cavity 104 so just can make the thermal insulation of the thermal insulation of feed head 108 greater than die cavity 104 without lubricant application.
Adopt this structure, the cooling velocity of feed head 108 just can be lower than the cooling velocity of die cavity 104, and the curing rate of the motlten metal in feed head 108 just can be lower than the curing rate of the motlten metal in the die cavity 104 like this.Like this, the inventor has just realized the present invention.
Casting method of the present invention is carried out in the casting machine that comprises a mold, in mold, the feed head is between metal inlet and die cavity, and wherein the thermal insulation of feed head is greater than the thermal insulation of die cavity, be lower than the cooling velocity of die cavity like this with regard to the cooling velocity that makes the feed head
Described method comprises the steps:
With poured with molten metal in die cavity;
Allow deoxy compound reaction in motlten metal and the die cavity, make the oxidation film deoxidation that on molten metal surface, forms;
When the motlten metal in the die cavity solidified and shrink, the motlten metal in the feed head added in the die cavity.
On the other hand, casting machine of the present invention comprises a mold, and this mold comprises:
Metal inlet enters the mouth poured with molten metal in mold by this;
Die cavity, motlten metal solidifies therein, thereby casts out product;
Feed head between metal inlet and die cavity, the thermal insulation of feed head are lower than the cooling velocity of die cavity like this greater than the thermal insulation of die cavity with regard to the cooling velocity that makes the feed head,
Deoxy compound reaction in this mold in motlten metal and the die cavity makes the oxidation film deoxidation that forms on molten metal surface,
When the motlten metal in the die cavity solidified and shrink, the motlten metal in the feed head added in the die cavity.
In the present invention, the deoxy compound reaction in motlten metal and the mold die cavity just can make the oxidation film deoxidation that forms on molten metal surface, and molten metal flow is just higher like this, and can cast out product in the exposed die cavity of inner surface.Therefore, just do not need to improve the lubricant of the motlten metal flowability of surperficial oxide film covering.
Lubricant is thermal insulation normally, thus the die cavity inner surface if with lubricator apply, its heat dispersion just descends.And in the present invention, motlten metal is filled in the die cavity of inner surface without lubricant application, so heat dispersion can be improved widely.Therefore, the heat dispersion of mold die cavity of the present invention can improve at an easy rate, and with the inner surface of thermal insulation lubricant application feed head, just can make the thermal insulation of the thermal insulation of feed head greater than die cavity at an easy rate.
Although do the feed head less, but can accomplish that making the thermal insulation of feed head still is greater than the thermal insulation of die cavity, make the cooling velocity of feed head be lower than the cooling velocity of die cavity, in the feed head in motlten metal and the die cavity difference of the cooling velocity of motlten metal bigger, thereby make curing rate between the two that difference be arranged.
Brief description of drawings
To be described embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with embodiment now, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of explanation casting machine configuration of the present invention;
Fig. 2 A is the cutaway view of the mold of casting machine shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 2 B is the partial sectional view of the mold of casting machine shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 A is the figure of the temperature of explanation feed head of casting machine shown in Figure 1 and die cavity;
Fig. 3 B is the figure of the temperature of the feed head of explanation routine casting machine and die cavity;
Fig. 4 is the cooling velocity of explanation molten aluminum and the graph of a relation between the solidified aluminum dendrite interval;
Fig. 5-the 7th, the cutaway view of other example of mold;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of a cooling unit example each several part configuration;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of another cooling unit example each several part configuration;
Figure 10 is the cutaway view of the mold of routine casting machine;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of inventor's casting method of inventing;
The better detailed description of embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings better embodiment of the present invention is elaborated now.
The casting machine of an embodiment, the configuration of its each several part as shown in Figure 1.In Fig. 1, casting machine 10 has a mold 12.Mold 12 has metal inlet 12a and die cavity 12b, is poured into melt metal such as aluminium, aluminium alloy by this metal inlet, and described die cavity links to each other with metal inlet 12a.Mold 12 comprises a counterdie 14a and a patrix 14b.The metallic interior surface that constitutes upper and lower mould 14b and 14a respectively is exposed uncoated in die cavity 12b.
Argon gas steel cylinder 25 is connected on the stove 28 by managing 26, produces metal gas in described stove.Open the valve 30 on the pipe 26, argon gas just enters in the stove 28.Inner space with heater 32 heating stoves 28 reaches 800 ℃ or higher up to temperature, makes the distillation of magnesium powder.The distillation of magnesium powder has just produced magnesium gas as metal gas.
The argon gas amount that can enter stove 28 by adjusting control to valve 30.
Argon gas steel cylinder 25 is connected to storage has on the case 36 of magnesium powder by managing 34, valve 33 is housed on 34 at pipe.Case 36 is connected on the pipe 26 by managing 38.Pipe 26 and 38 be connected and be positioned at valve 30 a side by stove 28.On pipe 38, valve 40 is housed.Stove 28 is connected on the metal gas inlet 12c of mold 12 by managing 42.The metal gas that produces in stove 28 enters die cavity 12b by metal gas inlet 12c.On pipe 42, valve 45 is housed.
When argon gas when argon gas steel cylinder 25 enters the die cavity 12b of mold 12 through stoves 28, the argon gas amount that can enter die cavity 12b by control valve 45 controls.
Shown in Fig. 2 A, mold 12 shown in Figure 1 is a kind of discerptible moulds, and it is made of metal counterdie 14a, metal patrix 14b and add-in card (adapter) 18, and described add-in card is made by the calcium sulfate that dried by the fire.The die cavity 12 of casting regulation shape product is made of the inner surface of upper and lower mould 14b and 14a.
In add-in card 18, motlten metal is delivered to the metal passage 21 of die cavity 12b and feed head 16 between metal inlet 12a and die cavity 12b from metal inlet 12a.Be preferably, the cross section of feed head 16 is than the transversal face width of passage 21, and the volume of feed head 16 is 5-20% of die cavity 12b volume.
The upper end is that the metal gas passage 23 of metal gas inlet 12c links to each other with metal passage 21.
In add-in card 18 and patrix 14b, have some passages 25 that air can be discharged from die cavity 12b.In counterdie 14a, have some channel of nitrogen 27 that nitrogen can be fed among the die cavity 12b.
Shown in Fig. 2 B, the cross sectional shape of each passage 25 or each channel of nitrogen 27 is circular, and is inserted with the columnar part 31 that cross sectional shape is a rectangle therein.This structure has been arranged, just formed more dome- type passages 29,12b links to each other with die cavity.
In the mold shown in Fig. 1-2 B 12, the part of metal inlet 12a, metal passage 21, metal gas inlet 12c, metal gas passage 23 and passage 25 is arranged in the add-in card of making by the calcium sulfate that dried by the fire 18.Arrange passage 21 etc. according to the shape of die cavity 12b, the factors such as position that are used to eject the spindle blade (not shown) of cast article.Forming passage 21 grades in add-in card 18 is not difficult to design.
Add-in card 18 can be made by metal material as upper and lower mould 14b and 14a.In this example of the present invention, add-in card 18 is made by the calcium sulfate that dried by the fire, and so just forms metal passage 21 etc. at an easy rate.
In the mold shown in Fig. 1-2 B 12, the thermal insulation of feed head 16 is greater than the thermal insulation of die cavity 12b.In other words, the inner surface of feed head 16 has been implemented heat insulation processing, for example be coated with and be covered with heat insulation lubricant; And the inner surface of the die cavity 12b that upper and lower mould 14b and 14a are constituted does not carry out this processing, so its metal surface exposes.
Routinely, the thermal insulation lubricant is generally used for the inner surface of coating mold cavity, and described heat insulation lubricant comprises high heat-barrier material of employing such as ceramic material.In example of the present invention, use conventional thermal insulation lubricant to apply the inner surface of feed head 16.
Thermal insulation by making feed head 16 is greater than the thermal insulation of die cavity 12b, just can make the cooling velocity of motlten metal in the feed head 16 be lower than the cooling velocity of motlten metal among the die cavity 12b at an easy rate, so just can between feed head 16 and die cavity 12b, form poor (referring to Fig. 3 A) of big cooling velocity.In Fig. 3 A, point " A " is the temperature of melt metal that is poured in the mold 12; Point " B " is to make the completely crued temperature of motlten metal.Therefore, the motlten metal in the feed head 16 can be filled the die cavity 12b that is in the shade humidity province effectively.
On the other hand, in conventional mold 100 shown in Figure 10, the inner surface of feed head 108 and die cavity 104 is all used heat insulation lubricant application, and the lubricant on feed head 108 is thicker than the lubricant on die cavity 104, like this, shown in Fig. 3 B, just can make the cooling velocity of motlten metal in the feed head 108 be lower than the cooling velocity of motlten metal in the die cavity 104.
Yet shown in Fig. 3 B, the difference of the cooling velocity in mold 100 is very little, as a result the loading mould cavity 104 effectively just of the motlten metal in the feed head 108.The comfort zone of dash area is very narrow.
As shown in Figure 3A, in the mold 12 of example of the present invention, the difference of cooling velocity is greater than poor (referring to Fig. 3 B) of the cooling velocity of conventional mold 100, and comfort zone is also wideer.Therefore, can make motlten metal in the feed head 16 and the curing rate between the motlten metal among the die cavity 12b that difference is arranged.Cause time lag between promptly can solidifying at the motlten metal among curing of the motlten metal in the feed head 16 and the die cavity 12b.
As shown in Figure 3A, for the motlten metal in feed head 16 solidify with die cavity 12b in motlten metal form the time enough hysteresis between solidifying, the cooling velocity of motlten metal is 500 ℃/minute or bigger (being preferably 700 ℃/minute or bigger) among the die cavity 12b; And in the feed head 16 cooling velocity of motlten metal less than 500 ℃/minute (being preferably) less than 300 ℃/minute.Both differences of cooling velocity should be adjusted to 200 ℃/minute or bigger.
Some experiments have been carried out.In experiment, the aluminium that uses fusion changes the cooling velocity of motlten metal among feed head 16 and the die cavity 12b as motlten metal.With the solidified aluminum sample that microscopic examination is taken out, measure the spacing between the sample dendrite from feed head 16 and die cavity 12b.The results are shown among Fig. 4.In Fig. 4, trunnion axis is represented cooling velocity; Vertical axis is represented " the DAS II value " of spacing between the dendrite.
Can clearly be seen that from Fig. 4 the average headway between the dendrite that solidifies with 500 ℃/minute or bigger cooling velocity is less than 25 μ m in die cavity 12b; With the average headway between the dendrite that solidifies in feed head 16 less than 500 ℃/minute cooling velocity is 25 μ m or bigger.
If the spacing between the dendrite is little, then the aluminium of Gu Huaing has the structure near crystal, and Zhu Zao aluminium product has high toughness like this.Therefore, the spacing in die cavity 12b between the aluminium dendrite is preferably less than 23 μ m, more preferably less than 20 μ m.
It should be noted that in feed head 16 spacing between the aluminium dendrite is wide among the gap ratio die cavity 12b between the aluminium dendrite.Therefore, the toughness of aluminium is littler than the toughness of aluminium among the die cavity 12b in the feed head 16, but it will as abandon the part remove from cast article, so can not have problems.
When casting aluminium product in the casting machine shown in Fig. 1-2 B 10, at first open valve 24, nitrogen is entered the die cavity 12b of mold 12 through managing 22 from nitrogen steel cylinder 20.Owing to feed nitrogen, can dispose the air among the die cavity 12b.Air among the die cavity 12b is discharged from passage 25, and having formed in die cavity 12b like this is the blanket of nitrogen of oxygen-free atmosphere basically.Then, shut off valve 24 immediately.
During air in removing mold 12 die cavity 12b, open valve 30, so that make argon gas enter stove 28 from argon gas steel cylinder 25.Under this effect, in stove 28, just formed oxygen-free atmosphere.
Then, shut off valve 30 is opened valve 40, and the magnesium powder 36 that is housed in the case 36 is sent in the stove 28 together with compressed argon.With heater 32 stove is heated to 800 ℃ or higher temperature, makes the distillation of magnesium powder.Like this, be added to the magnesium powder distillation in the stove 28, produce magnesium gas.
Then, shut off valve 40 is opened valve 30 and 45, so as to make magnesium gas together with argon gas through manage 42, the metal gas of mold 12 inlet 12c, metal gas passage 23, metal passage 21 and feed head 16 enter die cavity 12b, the pressure and the flow of argon gas are controlled.
After magnesium gas entered die cavity 12b, shut off valve 45 was opened valve 24, made nitrogen enter die cavity 12b through nitrogen inlet 12d and passage 27.Owing to feed nitrogen in mold 12, the nitrogen reaction among magnesium gas and the die cavity 12b has so just produced magnesium nitride compound (Mg
3N
2).Magnesium nitride compound (Mg
3N
2) powder deposition on the inner surface of die cavity 12b.
When nitrogen feeds die cavity 12b, suitably regulate nitrogen gas pressure and flow.In order to be easy to allow magnesium gas and nitrogen reaction, can be to the nitrogen preheating, so that keep the temperature of mold 12.The time that allows magnesium gas and nitrogen react is preferably 5-90 second, more preferably 15-60 second.
Stick on the inner surface of die cavity 12b when magnesium nitride compound after, the aluminium of fusion is poured in the die cavity through metal inlet 12a.The aluminium of fusion enters die cavity 12b through metal passage 21 and feed head 16.Inject melt metal continuously, the aluminium that is melted up to passage 21 and feed head 16 is full of.
Molten aluminum among the die cavity 12b contacts with magnesium nitride compound on sticking to die cavity 12b inner surface, and magnesium nitride compound just removes oxygen from the oxidation film that the molten aluminum surface forms like this.Owing to removed oxygen, the surface of motlten metal just can be cast out the product of fine aluminium by deoxidation.
In addition, stay oxygen and magnesium nitride compound reaction among the die cavity 12b, produced magnesia or magnesium hydroxide.In the aluminium of fusion, will comprise magnesia or magnesium hydroxide.Magnesia or magnesium hydroxide are stable compounds, and its amount is very little, thereby can not influence product.
As mentioned above, magnesium nitride compound is sloughed oxygen from the oxidation film that the molten aluminum surface forms, and forms fine aluminium, so just can cast out the product of oxide-free film.Owing to removed oxidation film, the surface tension of molten aluminum is little, and the wetability of molten aluminum, flowability can be improved.Therefore, can copy the flat and smooth inner surface of die cavity 12b on the surface of cast article, promptly cast article has the good outer shape that does not have wrinkle and blemish.
Motlten metal among feed head 16 and the die cavity 12b is cooling curing respectively.In example of the present invention, the inner surface of feed head 16 is applied with heat insulation lubricant; The inner surface of die cavity 12b need not heat insulation lubricant application, promptly exposes the metal material that constitutes upper and lower mould 14b and 14a on this inner surface.Because this structure, the cooling velocity of motlten metal is greater than the cooling velocity (referring to Fig. 3 A) of motlten metal in the feed head 16 among the die cavity 12b.Therefore, the motlten metal among the die cavity 12b solidifies sooner than the motlten metal in the feed head 16.
When the motlten metal among the die cavity 12b solidified, curing metal shrank, and the place near feed head 16 in die cavity 12b produces the space.On the other hand, the cooling velocity in feed head 16 is less than the cooling velocity among the die cavity 12b, and like this, motlten metal is still stayed in the feed head 16.Then, the space among the motlten metal loading mould cavity 12b that stays so just can cast out the excellent product that does not have blemish such as surperficial depression.
And the lubricant that is used to improve the molten metal flow that surperficial oxide film covers is not applied in the inner surface of die cavity 12b, and the surface of making product just can be very smooth.
Because the inner surface of feed head 16 with lubricator applies, the cooling velocity of feed head 16 is less than the cooling velocity of die cavity 12b, in feed head 16, have time enough to lag behind like this among the curing of motlten metal and the die cavity 12b between the curing of motlten metal, and the volume of feed head 16 is less.Therefore, make column and the cast article that will remove from product to abandon part less, so the productive rate of motlten metal improves, and energy consumption reduces.
In the mold shown in Fig. 1-2 B 12, the motlten metal under the gravity effect in the feed head 16 is sent among the die cavity 12b.Also can forcibly exert pressure to motlten metal.For example, shown in Fig. 2 A, the add-in card 18 of mold 12 is to be detachably connected on the patrix 14b.After the motlten metal among the die cavity 12b solidifies, pull down add-in card 18, forcibly the motlten metal in the feed head 16 is pressurizeed.Under this pressurization, motlten metal loading mould cavity 12b so just can cast out the excellent product that does not have blemish such as surperficial depression reliably.
When the motlten metal among the die cavity 12b go up substantially solidify and feed head 16 in motlten metal still have enough when mobile, the motlten metal pressurization in the reply feed head 16.The Best Times of the motlten metal in the feed head 16 pressurization is depended on the design of mold, thereby this Best Times should predict through experiment in advance.
The piston 35 (referring to Fig. 5) that can move in vertical direction can be used the parts of doing the pressurization of the motlten metal in the feed head 16.
In the mold shown in Fig. 1-2 B and 5 12, feed head 16 is in patrix 14b.Curing metal in feed head 16 is to abandon part, and it will be removed from product, so feed head 16 also can be at other position of mold 12.For example, feed head 16 can be in the add-in card 18 and patrix 14b that the calcium sulfate that dried by the fire is made.In this case, the thermal conductivity of add-in card 18 is lower than the thermal conductivity of metal counterdie 14b.Be that add-in card 18 is highly heat insulation, like this in add-in card 18 volume outside the feed head 16 greater than outside the feed head 16 among the patrix 14b part volume (referring to Fig. 6).Adopt this structure, the thermal insulation that can make feed head 16 is bigger than the thermal insulation of the die cavity 12b that is formed by upper and lower mould 14b and 14a, and need not on the inner surface with heat insulation lubricant paint feed head 16.
When as shown in Figure 5 the motlten metal in the feed head 16 being pressurizeed, the thermal insulation board 37 (referring to Fig. 7) that thermal conductivity can be lower than the thermal conductivity of metal pattern 14a and 14b places between add-in card 18 and the patrix 14b.In this case, feed head 16 is in thermal insulation board 37 and patrix 14b.
Thermal insulation board 37 can separate with add-in card 18 dismountings, also can separate with patrix 14b dismounting.Adopt this structure, after the motlten metal among the die cavity 12b solidifies, add-in card 18 is disassembled, can pressurize to the motlten metal in the feed head 16 with pressure-producing part such as piston 35 (referring to Fig. 5).
Thermal insulation board 37 can be made with the calcium sulfate that dried by the fire.As shown in Figure 7, the volume of feed head 16 parts that form in thermal insulation board 37 is greater than the volume of feed head 16 remainders that form in patrix 14b.Adopt this structure, the thermal insulation that can make feed head 16 is than big by the thermal insulation of the die cavity 12b that forms among metal pattern 14a and the 14b, and need not on the inner surface with heat insulation lubricant paint feed head 16.
In the mold shown in Fig. 1-2 B and the 5-7 12, add-in card 18 and thermal insulation board 37 are made by the calcium sulfate that dried by the fire, but they also can be made by metal or pottery.
It should be noted that needs the inner surface with heat insulation lubricant application feed head under the situation of using metal add-in card 18 or metallic plate 37 (forming the major part of feed head 16 therein), make the thermal insulation of the thermal insulation of feed head 16 greater than die cavity 12b.
As shown in Figure 7, stove 28 shown in Figure 1 can be located immediately at the top of the metal gas inlet 12c of mold 12.In another case, reactor 39 can be located immediately at the top of the metal gas inlet 12c of mold 12, in reactor 39, magnesium gas (it is an example of metal gas) reacts with nitrogen (it is an example of reacting gas), produces magnesium nitride compound (Mg
3N
2) (it is an example of deoxy compound).
When casting aluminium product in the mold shown in Fig. 1-7 12, the temperature of die cavity 12b inner surface is lower than 320 ℃ of the temperature of conventional mold die cavity inner surface.In the present invention, when casting, the temperature of die cavity 12b inner surface keeps below 300 ℃, better is lower than 230 ℃, better is lower than 200 ℃.
The temperature of the die cavity 12b inner surface by making mold 12 reduces, and casting machine of the present invention has many advantages: the cooling velocity of motlten metal is improved; Motlten metal is solidified equably; Can reduce the volume of feed head 16; Cast out the toughness product; Shorten the circulation timei of casting; Casting efficient improves; And the useful life of mold lengthening.
If the temperature of die cavity 12b inner surface is higher than the temperature of afore mentioned rules, then should forcibly cool off mold 12.For example, can cool off with 47 pairs of molds 12 of cooling unit shown in Figure 8.Cooling unit 47 comprises water leg 12e, and this chuck is contained on the mold 12, and wherein water or oil circulate.With the temperature of suitable device such as thermocouple measurement mold 12, when the temperature of measuring is higher than the temperature of regulation, promptly start cooling unit 47, the temperature of mold 12 is remained in the predetermined temperature range.
Under the situation of mandatory cooling mold 12, the minimum temperature of die cavity 12b inner surface is also unrestricted, and it can be a room temperature.But temperature range is restricted to, makes being operated in of operation cooling unit 47 economically feasible.
Although use cooling unit shown in Figure 8 47, if the temperature of die cavity 12b inner surface still is higher than the temperature of regulation, the then cold water that can circulate and use cooler 64 (referring to Fig. 9) to cool off in advance in water leg 12e.In cooling unit shown in Figure 9 47, cold water storage circulates cold water with pump 62 in trough 60 in water leg 12e.With the water in the well-known cooler 64 cooling troughs 60 of structure.In some cases, cooler 64 will be cooled to-25 ℃ temperature, and use anti-freezing solution to replace water this moment.
Because adopt cooling unit 47 shown in Figure 9, the temperature of die cavity 12b inner surface can keep below room temperature, so just can accelerate the curing of motlten metal among the die cavity 12b of mold 12, and the crystal structure of curing metal such as dendrite become thinner.And motlten metal cools off fast, thereby its crystal structure is thin and tight, thereby can improve the hardness of cast article.
Under the situation that does not depart from marrow of the present invention and substantive characteristics, can implement the present invention with other concrete form.Therefore, think that example of the present invention all is exemplary aspect used, and it is nonrestrictive, therefore here be by appending claims, but not top description and change (these changes drop in the implication and scope that is equal to claims) limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (19)
1. casting method of in the casting machine that comprises a mold, carrying out, in mold, the feed head is between metal inlet and die cavity, and wherein the thermal insulation of feed head is lower than the cooling velocity of die cavity like this greater than the thermal insulation of die cavity with regard to the cooling velocity that makes the feed head,
Described method comprises the steps:
With poured with molten metal in die cavity;
Allow deoxy compound reaction in motlten metal and the die cavity, make the oxidation film deoxidation that forms on the molten metal surface;
When the motlten metal in the die cavity solidified and shrink, the motlten metal in the feed head added in the die cavity.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein the cooling velocity of die cavity is 500 ℃/minute or bigger, and the cooling velocity of feed head is less than 500 ℃/minute.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein motlten metal is an aluminum or aluminum alloy,
Regulate the cooling velocity of motlten metal in the die cavity, make average headway between the aluminum or aluminum alloy dendrite that in die cavity, solidifies less than 25 μ m,
Regulate the cooling velocity of motlten metal in the feed head, making the average headway between the aluminum or aluminum alloy dendrite that solidifies in the feed head is 25 μ m or bigger.
4. the method for claim 1, the heat insulation lubricant application of the inner surface of feed head wherein, and the inner surface of die cavity need not heat insulation lubricant application.
5. the method for claim 1, the thermal insulation of molding material that wherein forms the feed head is greater than the thermal insulation of the molding material that forms die cavity.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein when casting, the temperature of die cavity inner surface is lower than 300 ℃.
7. the method for claim 1 is wherein forcibly cooled off the inner surface of die cavity with cooling device.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein mold also comprises the add-in card on the cavity section that is detachably connected to mold.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the add-in card of mold comprises: the feed head; Be used for motlten metal is fed the first passage of feed head; Be used for the deoxy compound material is introduced die cavity so that form the second channel of deoxy compound at die cavity.
10. the method for claim 1, wherein motlten metal is an aluminum or aluminum alloy, deoxy compound is the magnesium nitride compound that magnesium gas and nitrogen reaction generate.
11. a casting machine, it comprises a mold, and described mold comprises:
Metal inlet, through this with poured with molten metal in described mold;
Die cavity, motlten metal solidifies therein, thereby casts out product;
Feed head between described metal inlet and described die cavity, the thermal insulation of this feed head are lower than the cooling velocity of described die cavity like this greater than the thermal insulation of described die cavity with regard to the cooling velocity that makes described feed head,
The wherein reaction of the deoxy compound in motlten metal and the described die cavity makes the oxidation film deoxidation that forms on molten metal surface,
When the motlten metal in the described die cavity solidified and shrink, the motlten metal in the described feed head added in the described die cavity.
12. casting machine as claimed in claim 11, wherein the cooling velocity of die cavity is 500 ℃/minute or bigger, and the cooling velocity of feed head is less than 500 ℃/minute.
13. casting machine as claimed in claim 11, wherein motlten metal is an aluminum or aluminum alloy,
Regulate the cooling velocity of motlten metal in the described die cavity, make average headway between the aluminum or aluminum alloy dendrite that in described die cavity, solidifies less than 25 μ m,
Regulate the cooling velocity of motlten metal in the described feed head, making the average headway between the aluminum or aluminum alloy dendrite that solidifies in described feed head is 25 μ m or bigger.
14. casting machine as claimed in claim 11, the heat insulation lubricant application of the inner surface of wherein said feed head, and the inner surface of described die cavity need not heat insulation lubricant application.
15. casting machine as claimed in claim 11, the thermal insulation of the material of the described feed head of formation is greater than the thermal insulation that forms the material of described die cavity in the described mold in the wherein said mold.
16. casting machine as claimed in claim 11, it also comprises the device of the inner surface that is used for the described die cavity of mandatory cooling.
17. casting machine as claimed in claim 11, wherein said mold also comprises the add-in card on the cavity section that removably is connected described mold.
18. casting machine as claimed in claim 17, the add-in card of wherein said mold comprises: described feed head; Be used for motlten metal is fed the first passage of described feed head; Be used for the deoxy compound material is introduced described die cavity so that form the second channel of deoxy compound at described die cavity.
19. casting machine as claimed in claim 11, the volume of wherein said feed head is the 5-20% of described mold cavity volume.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16858/01 | 2001-01-25 | ||
| JP2001016858A JP3592239B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2001-01-25 | Casting method and casting apparatus |
| JP16858/2001 | 2001-01-25 | ||
| JP2001021277A JP3604343B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-01-30 | Reduction casting method, aluminum casting method, reduction casting apparatus used therefor, and aluminum casting apparatus |
| JP21277/2001 | 2001-01-30 | ||
| JP21277/01 | 2001-01-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1367057A CN1367057A (en) | 2002-09-04 |
| CN1136067C true CN1136067C (en) | 2004-01-28 |
Family
ID=26608281
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011312645A Expired - Fee Related CN1136067C (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2001-08-31 | Casting method and foundry machinery |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1136067C (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0106854A (en) |
-
2001
- 2001-08-13 BR BR0106854-7A patent/BR0106854A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-31 CN CNB011312645A patent/CN1136067C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR0106854A (en) | 2002-10-01 |
| CN1367057A (en) | 2002-09-04 |
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