CN113572208A - Battery charging method and device - Google Patents
Battery charging method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113572208A CN113572208A CN202010354073.6A CN202010354073A CN113572208A CN 113572208 A CN113572208 A CN 113572208A CN 202010354073 A CN202010354073 A CN 202010354073A CN 113572208 A CN113572208 A CN 113572208A
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 459
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a battery charging method and device, and relates to a livestock battery charging technology. The battery charging method comprises the steps of carrying out first-stage charging on a battery, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when the charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and the first-stage charging is finished when the charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging; charging the battery in a second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to a maximum charging voltage value; and charging the battery in a third stage according to a constant voltage charging mode, and stopping charging until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to the maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery. The technical scheme effectively prolongs the constant-current charging time, reduces the capacity supplementing time in the constant-voltage stage, and reduces the full-charge charging time of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a charging technology for an animal battery, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for charging a battery.
Background
In the related art, the lithium ion battery charging scheme generally adopts a single-stage or multi-stage constant-current constant-voltage charging mode. I.e. first charged with a constant current. When the voltage reaches a preset value, constant voltage charging is carried out, and the current is gradually reduced. When the charging current drops to near zero, the battery is fully charged. The main function of constant-voltage charging is to cancel the polarization effect of the lithium ion battery system caused by large-current charging during constant-current charging, and to supplement more capacity. However, the time for constant-voltage charging is often about 2 times longer than that for constant-current charging.
With the application development of lithium ion batteries, particularly in the industries of electric automobiles and smart phones, the demand of users for quick charging is more and more urgent, but the improvement of the performance is difficult to match the expectations of customers due to the development limitation of lithium ion battery systems.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the problems in the related art, the present disclosure provides a battery charging method and apparatus.
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery charging method, including:
determining a maximum charging voltage value borne by a battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than the rated voltage of the battery;
performing first-stage charging on the battery according to a constant-current and constant-voltage mode, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and first-stage charging is ended when charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to a rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging ending current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
charging the battery in a second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value, and finishing the charging in the second stage;
and performing third-stage charging on the battery in a constant voltage charging mode, and stopping charging until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to a maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
Optionally, in the above method, the determining a maximum charging voltage value borne by the battery includes:
determining the highest working voltage V of the electrolyte of the battery according to a cyclic voltammetry test method of a three-electrode system1Critical voltage V of the battery anode material continuously reacting with the electrolyte2A critical voltage at which the negative electrode material of the battery continuously reacts with the electrolyte;
according to V1，V2And V3Determining the maximum charging voltage value, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is the smaller of:
V1，V2and V3The difference of (a).
Optionally, in the above method, the charging the battery at the second stage according to a preset constant current charging manner includes:
when the preset constant current charging mode comprises a timing charging mode, performing constant current charging on the battery according to a second current value, and when the duration of the constant current charging reaches a set duration corresponding to the preset constant current charging mode, determining the charging voltage of the battery, wherein the second current value is smaller than the first current value;
when the charging voltage of the battery is smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, constant current charging is carried out on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode;
and ending the second-stage charging when the charging voltage of the battery is equal to the maximum charging voltage value.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and in the second stage of charging, performing constant voltage charging on the battery, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the constant voltage charging is performed before the constant current charging is performed on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and in the second-stage charging process, performing discharging operation on the battery, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the discharging operation is performed before the constant current charging is performed on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode.
Optionally, in the above method, the performing third-stage charging on the battery in a constant-voltage charging manner includes:
performing constant voltage charging on the battery according to the maximum charging voltage value; or
The battery is discharged first and then charged at a constant voltage.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery charging apparatus including:
the determining module is used for determining the maximum charging voltage value borne by the battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than the rated voltage of the battery;
the first charging module is used for charging the battery in a first stage according to a constant-current and constant-voltage mode, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when the charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and the first stage charging is ended when the charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to the rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging ending current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
the second charging module is used for charging the battery in the second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value, and finishing the charging in the second stage;
and the third charging module is used for charging the battery in a third stage according to a constant voltage charging mode until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to the maximum charging voltage value, and stopping charging, wherein the charging voltage of constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the determining module includes:
a first submodule for determining the maximum working voltage V of the electrolyte of the cell according to a cyclic voltammetry test of a three-electrode system1Critical voltage V of the battery anode material continuously reacting with the electrolyte2A critical voltage at which the negative electrode material of the battery continuously reacts with the electrolyte;
a second sub-module for according to V1，V2And V3Determining the maximum charging voltage value, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is the smaller of:
V1，V2and V3The difference of (a).
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the second charging module includes:
the first submodule is used for carrying out constant current charging on the battery according to a second current value when the preset constant current charging mode comprises a timing charging mode, and determining the charging voltage of the battery when the duration of the constant current charging reaches a set duration corresponding to the preset constant current charging mode, wherein the second current value is smaller than the first current value;
the second submodule is used for carrying out constant current charging on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode when the charging voltage of the battery is smaller than the maximum charging voltage value;
and the third submodule is used for ending the second-stage charging when the charging voltage of the battery is equal to the maximum charging voltage value.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the second charging module further includes:
and the fourth submodule is used for performing constant voltage charging on the battery in the second stage charging process, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the constant voltage charging is performed before the constant current charging is performed on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
and the discharging module is used for performing discharging operation on the battery in the second-stage charging process, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the discharging operation is performed before the constant-current charging is performed on the battery again according to the preset constant-current charging mode.
Optionally, in the above apparatus, the third charging module includes:
the first submodule is used for carrying out constant-voltage charging on the battery according to the maximum charging voltage value; or
And the second submodule is used for firstly carrying out discharging operation on the battery and then carrying out constant-voltage charging on the battery.
According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery charging apparatus including:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to:
determining a maximum charging voltage value borne by a battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than the rated voltage of the battery;
performing first-stage charging on the battery according to a constant-current and constant-voltage mode, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and first-stage charging is ended when charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to a rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging ending current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
charging the battery in a second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value, and finishing the charging in the second stage;
and performing third-stage charging on the battery in a constant voltage charging mode, and stopping charging until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to a maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
According to a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions thereon which, when executed by a processor of a terminal device, enable the terminal device to perform a battery charging method, the method comprising:
determining a maximum charging voltage value borne by a battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than the rated voltage of the battery;
performing first-stage charging on the battery according to a constant-current and constant-voltage mode, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and first-stage charging is ended when charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to a rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging ending current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
charging the battery in a second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value, and finishing the charging in the second stage;
and performing third-stage charging on the battery in a constant voltage charging mode, and stopping charging until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to a maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can have the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme, the constant-current charging time is effectively prolonged through an overvoltage and constant-current charging mode, the capacity compensation time in a constant-voltage stage is reduced, and the full-charge charging time of the battery is greatly reduced.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method of charging a battery according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method of charging a battery in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of charging the same battery by using the battery charging method shown in the present embodiment and the charging method of the related art.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a battery charging apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a battery charging apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method of charging a battery according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes the operations of:
in step S101, determining a maximum charging voltage value borne by the battery, where the maximum charging voltage value is greater than a rated voltage of the battery;
in step S102, performing a first-stage charging on the battery in a constant-current and constant-voltage manner, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after the constant-current charging, the constant-voltage charging is started, and when the charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after the constant-voltage charging, the first-stage charging is ended, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to a rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging end current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
in step S103, performing second-stage charging on the battery according to a preset constant-current charging manner, and ending the second-stage charging until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value;
in step S104, the battery is charged in a third stage in a constant voltage charging manner, and the charging is stopped until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to a maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
The maximum charging voltage value of the battery referred to herein may be determined according to a battery system to which the battery belongs. For example, it may be determined according to the highest critical voltage of the electrolyte of the battery system or the reaction of the electrolyte with the positive electrode material.
The charge termination current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery is a charge current for terminating the charge of the constant current and constant voltage charge according to the designed rated voltage of the battery, and is generally 0.02C.
The charging termination current value corresponding to the maximum charging voltage value refers to a termination charging current value when the battery is subjected to constant voltage charging to a state close to or in a fully charged state according to the maximum charging voltage value. In this embodiment, when the constant voltage charging in the third stage reaches the charging termination current value corresponding to the maximum charging voltage value, the actual capacity of the battery is the same as that when the charging is stopped after the battery is fully charged by the constant current and the constant voltage charging according to the related art.
In this embodiment, in the first-stage charging of the battery in the constant-current and constant-voltage manner, the current for constant-current charging may be less than or equal to the maximum charging current allowed by the battery. Wherein, the maximum charging current allowed by the battery can be determined according to the charging rate of the battery. As can be seen from the value ranges of the first voltage value and the first current value, the first-stage charging belongs to constant-current constant-voltage charging performed within the rated voltage of the battery, and after the first-stage charging, the actual capacity of the battery does not reach the rated capacity of the battery. I.e. the battery needs to continue to charge.
In the second stage of charging, the preset constant current charging mode may include single constant current charging, timed constant current charging, etc., as long as the charging voltage of the battery is raised to the maximum charging voltage value by the preset constant current mode. Because the maximum charging voltage value is larger than the rated voltage of the battery, the second stage charging belongs to an overvoltage constant current charging mode. After the second stage of charging, the actual capacity of the battery is relatively close to the rated capacity of the battery, that is, the actual capacity of the battery can reach a sub-saturation state.
In the third stage of charging, a constant voltage charging mode is adopted, so that the depolarization of the battery can be realized, and a capacity compensation effect is achieved, namely the actual capacity of the battery can reach a saturation state. In the third stage, the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery, so that the time of the constant voltage charging is short.
Therefore, according to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the constant-current charging time is effectively prolonged through the overvoltage constant-current charging mode in the second stage, and the capacity compensation time in the constant-voltage stage is reduced, so that the full-charge charging time of the battery is greatly reduced.
The present embodiment further provides a battery charging method, in which determining a maximum charging voltage value borne by a battery includes:
determining a maximum charging voltage value according to a cyclic voltammetry test method of a three-electrode system, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is the smaller of the following two values:
maximum operating voltage V of electrolyte of battery1；
Voltage V2And voltage V3Wherein the voltage V is2Critical voltage of the battery anode material continuously reacting with electrolyte, voltage V3Is the critical voltage for the continuous reaction with the negative electrode material of the battery and the electrolyte.
As described above, the maximum charging voltage value to which the battery is subjected is related to the battery system to which the battery belongs, and thus, the maximum charging voltage value can be determined according to the three-electrode system cyclic voltammetry. And the determined maximum charging voltage value of the battery is bearable by the battery, namely, when the battery is subjected to constant-current charging according to the maximum charging voltage value, the performance of the battery cannot be negatively influenced.
The present embodiment further provides a battery charging method, where the method performs second-stage charging on a battery according to a preset constant current charging manner, including:
when the preset constant current charging mode comprises a timing charging mode, performing constant current charging on the battery according to a second current value, and when the duration of the constant current charging reaches a set duration corresponding to the preset constant current charging mode, determining the charging voltage of the battery, wherein the second current value is smaller than the first current value;
when the charging voltage of the battery is smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, constant current charging is carried out on the battery again according to a preset constant current charging mode;
and ending the second stage charging when the charging voltage of the battery is equal to the maximum charging voltage value.
When the second current value is smaller than the first current value, the situation of overcharge can be avoided in an overvoltage constant current charging mode, and the charging safety is improved.
In the second stage of charging, when the constant current charging is performed according to the set time length, the charging voltage of the battery may be raised to the maximum charging voltage value through one or more times of constant current charging. Therefore, the second stage charging process prolongs the constant current charging time. Thus, after the second stage of charging, the actual capacity of the battery is relatively close to the rated capacity of the battery, that is, the actual capacity of the battery can reach a sub-saturation state. Because the actual capacity of the battery can reach a sub-saturation state, the time for supplementing the capacity through the constant voltage charging of the third stage can be greatly reduced, and the full charge time of the battery is greatly reduced.
The present embodiment further provides a battery charging method, where the method further includes:
and in the second stage of charging, performing constant voltage charging on the battery, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the constant voltage charging is performed before the constant current charging is performed on the battery again according to a preset constant current charging mode.
The specific manner of the constant voltage charging may include various manners. For example, the constant voltage charging may be performed for a set period of time, and when the constant voltage charging is performed for the set period of time, the constant voltage charging is ended. For another example, when the battery is charged at a constant voltage until the charging current drops to a set value, the constant voltage charging is terminated.
In the second stage of charging, the embodiment adds the constant voltage charging operation to achieve the capacitance compensation effect. Therefore, when constant-current charging is carried out after constant-voltage charging, the actually supplemented electric quantity is more, and the charging efficiency is improved.
The present embodiment further provides a battery charging method, where the method further includes:
and in the second stage of charging process, performing discharging operation on the battery, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the discharging operation is performed before the constant current charging is performed on the battery again according to a preset constant current charging mode.
The specific manner of the discharging operation may include various ones. For example, the discharge current may be set for a set period of time. In another example, the discharge current may be set until the charging voltage of the battery drops to a set voltage value. Increased battery discharge operation may depolarize the battery. Therefore, when constant current charging is carried out after discharging, the charging effect is better.
The present embodiment further provides a battery charging method, in which a battery is charged in a third stage in a constant voltage charging manner, the method includes:
carrying out constant voltage charging on the battery according to the maximum charging voltage value; or
The battery is discharged first, and the battery is charged at a constant voltage according to the voltage after the discharge operation.
After the second stage of charging, the constant voltage charging is carried out on the battery under the condition that the charging voltage is kept to be the maximum charging voltage value so as to supplement the capacity. Thus, the constant voltage charging time is short, and the total time period for charging is reduced.
The battery is discharged, the battery is charged at a constant voltage according to the voltage after the discharge operation, which means that the battery can be depolarized through the discharge operation, and then the battery is charged at a constant voltage according to the voltage after the discharge operation to supplement the capacity. Thus, the actual capacity of the battery after charging is closer to the rated capacity, and the charging effect is better. The specific manner of the discharging operation may include various ones. For example, the discharge current may be set for a set period of time. In another example, the discharge current may be set until the charging voltage of the battery drops to a set voltage value. The set voltage value is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery. The manner of the discharging operation in the third-stage charging process may be the same as or different from the manner of the discharging operation added in the second-stage charging process.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method of predicting battery information according to an example embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the following operations are included:
step S201: determining the maximum charging voltage value U borne by the battery to be chargedover。
In this step, U may be determined according to the battery system to which the battery to be charged belongsover. For example, a three-electrode cyclic voltammetry test can be used to confirm the maximum operating voltage V of the electrolyte used in the battery system1A critical voltage V2 at which the positive electrode material of the battery continuously reacts with the electrolyte, and a critical voltage V3 at which the negative electrode material of the battery continuously reacts with the electrolyte. Thereby determining UoverMin { V1, V2-V3 }. Namely UoverHas a value of V1And the smaller of the difference between V2 and V3.
Step S202: charging the battery to be charged in a first stage according to the current I1Performing constant current charging, when the voltage value of the battery reaches U1When the charging current reaches I, constant voltage charging is started until the charging current of the battery reaches I2And then, the first stage of charging is ended.
In the above step S202, the current I1Maximum charging current I ≦ allowed for the batterymax. Maximum allowable charging current I of batterymaxMay be determined according to the charge rate of the battery to be charged. For example, when the charge rate of the battery is 1.5C, the constant current charge in the first stage may be performed at 1.5C.
The voltage U1 is less than or equal to the rated voltage U of the batterymax. Rated voltage U of batterymaxMay be determined according to the battery system of the battery to be charged.
The value of the charging current I corresponding to the rated voltage of the batteryend< current I2. Wherein the amount of the batteryCharging termination current value I corresponding to constant voltageendThe charging current for terminating the constant-current constant-voltage charging is generally 0.02C, which is a rated voltage for the battery design.
Step S203: and performing a discharging operation on the battery.
Here, the discharge current at the time of the discharge operation may be set in advance, for example, the discharge operation is performed at a current of 0.5C. The discharge time can be selected within 0-50 seconds. After the battery is discharged, the depolarization can be better realized, and the charging efficiency is improved.
Step S204: charging the battery to be charged at a second stage according to the current I3Performing constant current charging, when the voltage value of the battery reaches U2When the charging current reaches I, constant voltage charging is started until the charging current of the battery reaches I4After repeated constant-current and constant-voltage charging for many times, the voltage U of the battery is up to the constant-current charging2Is equal to UoverAnd then, the second stage of charging is ended.
Wherein, the current I3< current I1，U1＜U2≤U over。
In addition, in the second stage charging process, after each constant current and constant voltage charging, a discharging operation may be performed. The discharge current may be predetermined. For example, the discharging operation is performed at a current of 0.5C. The discharge time can be selected within 0-50 seconds.
Step S205: discharging the battery until the voltage of the battery reaches UendWherein, Umax≤Uend≤U over。
Wherein the discharge current in the discharge operation may be preset. For example, the discharging operation is performed at a current of 0.2C. The discharge time can be selected within 0-50 seconds.
Step S206: according to voltage UendPerforming constant voltage charging on the battery in the third stage until the charging current of the battery reaches a charging termination current value I 'corresponding to the maximum charging voltage value'endAnd stopping charging.
In this step, the charging termination current value corresponding to the maximum charging voltage valueI’endThis may include, according to the maximum charging voltage values herein, constant voltage charging the battery to a terminal charging current value near or at which the battery reaches a fully charged state. Here, the charging current value I 'is terminated'endMay depend on the maximum allowable charging voltage U of the batteryoverAnd the design cell capacity size of the battery system. Wherein, according to the operation of the above step S206, the charging current of the battery reaches I'endThe capacity of the battery after the charging is stopped, and the battery is charged to I by constant current and constant voltage according to the related technologyendThe capacity of the battery after the charging is stopped is the same.
The battery charging is performed as above, and the effect of comparing with the constant current and constant voltage charging method in the related art is shown in fig. 3. Therefore, the technical scheme greatly increases the charging time of large current and reduces the constant-voltage capacity compensation time, thereby reducing the total charging time of the battery and achieving the real quick charging effect.
The following description will be given of a battery charged according to the charging method of the present invention, taking a battery with a battery capacity of 3900mAh, a rated voltage of 4.4V, and a charging rate satisfying 1.5C charging as an example.
Firstly, the maximum charging voltage U borne by the battery can be determined by a cyclic voltammetry test method of a three-electrode systemover4.6V. Determination of U by testingoverThe corresponding charge termination current value was 2535 mA.
The process of charging the battery for this purpose is as follows:
and step A, performing first-stage charging according to a constant-current constant-voltage mode, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery reaches 4.4V through 1.5C constant-current charging, constant-voltage charging is started by using the 4.4V voltage as the charging voltage until the charging current of the battery reaches 1.0C, the first-stage charging is finished, and the step B is entered.
And step B, discharging the battery for 1s at the discharge current of 1.95A.
And step C, performing second-stage charging according to a constant current charging mode, wherein the charging voltage of the battery is charged to 4.6V by using a constant current of 1.0C, finishing the second-stage charging, and entering the step D.
And D, discharging the battery with the discharging current of 1.95A until the charging voltage of the battery is reduced to 4.45V.
And E, charging the battery in a third stage according to a constant voltage charging mode, wherein the constant voltage charging in the third stage is carried out to 2535mA by taking the voltage of 4.45V as a charging voltage, and the charging is stopped at the moment. At this time, the battery capacity is near 3900mAh, which is the same as the battery capacity according to the constant current and constant voltage charging in the related art to the end charging current value of the battery.
In actual testing, the total charge time was about 57 minutes when the battery was charged to a fully charged state as described above. When the battery is charged to a rated voltage of 4.4V at a constant current of 1.5C and is charged to a constant voltage of 0.02C with a constant voltage of 4.4V according to the related art, the total charging time is about 127 minutes.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a battery charging apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus includes a determination module 40, a first charging module 41, a second charging module 42, and a third charging module 43.
A determining module 40 configured to determine a maximum charging voltage value borne by the battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than a rated voltage of the battery;
the first charging module 41 is configured to perform first-stage charging on the battery in a constant-current and constant-voltage manner, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when the charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and the first-stage charging is ended when the charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to a rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging termination current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
the second charging module 42 is configured to perform second-stage charging on the battery according to a preset constant-current charging mode, and terminate the second-stage charging until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value;
and the third charging module 43 is configured to perform third-stage charging on the battery in a constant-voltage charging manner, and stop charging until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to a maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant-voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
The present embodiment further provides a battery device, in which the determining module includes:
a first submodule configured to determine a maximum operating voltage V of an electrolyte of the battery according to a three-electrode system cyclic voltammetry test1Critical voltage V of the battery's positive electrode material and electrolyte solution continuous reaction2Critical voltage of the continuous reaction of the negative electrode material of the battery and the electrolyte;
a second submodule configured to be operated according to V1，V2And V3Determining a maximum charging voltage value, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is the smaller of the following two values:
V1，V2and V3The difference of (a).
The present embodiment further provides a battery device, in which the second charging module includes:
the first submodule is configured to perform constant current charging on the battery according to a second current value when the preset constant current charging mode comprises a timing charging mode, and determine the charging voltage of the battery when the duration of the constant current charging reaches a set duration corresponding to the preset constant current charging mode, wherein the second current value is smaller than the first current value;
the second submodule is configured to perform constant current charging on the battery again according to a preset constant current charging mode when the charging voltage of the battery is smaller than the maximum charging voltage value;
a third submodule configured to end the second stage charging when the charging voltage of the battery is equal to the maximum charging voltage value.
This embodiment still provides a battery device, and in the device, the second module of charging still includes:
and the fourth submodule is configured to perform constant voltage charging on the battery in the second stage of charging, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the constant voltage charging is performed before the constant current charging is performed on the battery again according to a preset constant current charging mode.
The present embodiment further provides a battery device, which further includes:
and the discharging module is configured to perform discharging operation on the battery in the second-stage charging process, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the discharging operation is performed before the constant-current charging is performed on the battery again according to a preset constant-current charging mode.
The present embodiment further provides a battery device, in which the third charging module includes:
a first submodule configured to perform constant voltage charging on the battery at a maximum charging voltage value; or
And the second submodule is configured to firstly perform a discharging operation on the battery and then perform constant voltage charging on the battery.
With regard to the apparatus in the above-described embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs the operation has been described in detail in the embodiment related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a battery charging apparatus 500 according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, the apparatus 500 may be a mobile phone, a computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a messaging device, a game console, a tablet device, a medical device, an exercise device, a personal digital assistant, and the like.
Referring to fig. 5, the apparatus 500 may include one or more of the following components: processing component 502, memory 504, power component 506, multimedia component 508, audio component 510, input/output (I/O) interface 512, sensor component 514, and communication component 516.
The processing component 502 generally controls overall operation of the device 500, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations. The processing components 502 may include one or more processors 520 to execute instructions to perform all or a portion of the steps of the methods described above. Further, the processing component 502 can include one or more modules that facilitate interaction between the processing component 502 and other components. For example, the processing component 502 can include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between the multimedia component 508 and the processing component 502.
The memory 504 is configured to store various types of data to support operation at the device 500. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on device 500, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, and so forth. The memory 504 may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or non-volatile memory devices such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks.
The power supply component 506 provides power to the various components of the device 500. The power components 506 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power supplies for the apparatus 500.
The multimedia component 508 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the device 500 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a Touch Panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive an input signal from a user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, slide, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of a touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation. In some embodiments, the multimedia component 508 includes a front facing camera and/or a rear facing camera. The front-facing camera and/or the rear-facing camera may receive external multimedia data when the device 500 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode. Each front camera and rear camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have a focal length and optical zoom capability.
The audio component 510 is configured to output and/or input audio signals. For example, audio component 510 includes a Microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when apparatus 500 is in an operating mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may further be stored in the memory 504 or transmitted via the communication component 516. In some embodiments, audio component 510 further includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.
The I/O interface 512 provides an interface between the processing component 502 and peripheral interface modules, which may be keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to: a home button, a volume button, a start button, and a lock button.
The sensor assembly 514 includes one or more sensors for providing various aspects of status assessment for the device 500. For example, the sensor assembly 514 may detect an open/closed state of the device 500, the relative positioning of the components, such as a display and keypad of the apparatus 500, the sensor assembly 514 may also detect a change in the position of the apparatus 500 or a component of the apparatus 500, the presence or absence of user contact with the apparatus 500, orientation or acceleration/deceleration of the apparatus 500, and a change in the temperature of the apparatus 500. The sensor assembly 514 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of a nearby object without any physical contact. The sensor assembly 514 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 514 may also include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.
The communication component 516 is configured to facilitate communication between the apparatus 500 and other devices in a wired or wireless manner. The apparatus 500 may access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G, or a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 516 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 516 further includes a Near Field Communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communications. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.
In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus 500 may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors or other electronic components for performing the above-described methods.
In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, such as the memory 504 comprising instructions, executable by the processor 520 of the apparatus 500 to perform the above-described method is also provided. For example, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium may be a ROM, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like.
A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions therein, which when executed by a processor of a mobile terminal, enable the mobile terminal to perform a battery charging method, comprising:
determining the maximum charging voltage value born by the battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than the rated voltage of the battery;
performing first-stage charging on the battery according to a constant-current and constant-voltage mode, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when the charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and the first-stage charging is ended when the charging current of the battery reaches a first current value, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to the rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging ending current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
charging the battery in the second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value, and finishing the charging in the second stage;
and charging the battery in a third stage according to a constant voltage charging mode, and stopping charging until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to the maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A method of charging a battery, comprising:
determining a maximum charging voltage value borne by a battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than the rated voltage of the battery;
performing first-stage charging on the battery according to a constant-current and constant-voltage mode, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and first-stage charging is ended when charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to a rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging ending current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
charging the battery in a second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value, and finishing the charging in the second stage;
and performing third-stage charging on the battery in a constant voltage charging mode, and stopping charging until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to a maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a maximum charge voltage value experienced by the battery comprises:
determining the highest working voltage V of the electrolyte of the battery according to a cyclic voltammetry test method of a three-electrode system1Critical voltage V of the battery anode material continuously reacting with the electrolyte2A critical voltage at which the negative electrode material of the battery continuously reacts with the electrolyte;
according to V1，V2And V3Determining the maximum charging voltage value, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is the smaller of:
V1，V2and V3The difference of (a).
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second-stage charging of the battery according to a preset constant-current charging mode comprises:
when the preset constant current charging mode comprises a timing charging mode, performing constant current charging on the battery according to a second current value, and when the duration of the constant current charging reaches a set duration corresponding to the preset constant current charging mode, determining the charging voltage of the battery, wherein the second current value is smaller than the first current value;
when the charging voltage of the battery is smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, constant current charging is carried out on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode;
and ending the second-stage charging when the charging voltage of the battery is equal to the maximum charging voltage value.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
and in the second stage of charging, performing constant voltage charging on the battery, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the constant voltage charging is performed before the constant current charging is performed on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode.
5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
and in the second-stage charging process, performing discharging operation on the battery, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the discharging operation is performed before the constant current charging is performed on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said charging said battery in a third stage in a constant voltage charging mode comprises:
performing constant voltage charging on the battery according to the maximum charging voltage value; or
The battery is discharged first and then charged at a constant voltage.
7. A battery charging apparatus, comprising:
the determining module is used for determining the maximum charging voltage value borne by the battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than the rated voltage of the battery;
the first charging module is used for charging the battery in a first stage according to a constant-current and constant-voltage mode, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when the charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and the first stage charging is ended when the charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to the rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging ending current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
the second charging module is used for charging the battery in the second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value, and finishing the charging in the second stage;
and the third charging module is used for charging the battery in a third stage according to a constant voltage charging mode until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to the maximum charging voltage value, and stopping charging, wherein the charging voltage of constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the determining module comprises:
a first submodule for determining the maximum working voltage V of the electrolyte of the cell according to a cyclic voltammetry test of a three-electrode system1Critical voltage V of the battery anode material continuously reacting with the electrolyte2A critical voltage at which the negative electrode material of the battery continuously reacts with the electrolyte;
a second sub-module for according to V1，V2And V3Determining the maximum charging voltage value, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is the smaller of:
V1，V2and V3The difference of (a).
9. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein the second charging module comprises:
the first submodule is used for carrying out constant current charging on the battery according to a second current value when the preset constant current charging mode comprises a timing charging mode, and determining the charging voltage of the battery when the duration of the constant current charging reaches a set duration corresponding to the preset constant current charging mode, wherein the second current value is smaller than the first current value;
the second submodule is used for carrying out constant current charging on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode when the charging voltage of the battery is smaller than the maximum charging voltage value;
and the third submodule is used for ending the second-stage charging when the charging voltage of the battery is equal to the maximum charging voltage value.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the second charging module further comprises:
and the fourth submodule is used for performing constant voltage charging on the battery in the second stage charging process, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the constant voltage charging is performed before the constant current charging is performed on the battery again according to the preset constant current charging mode.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
and the discharging module is used for performing discharging operation on the battery in the second-stage charging process, wherein when the charging voltage of the battery is determined to be smaller than the maximum charging voltage value, the discharging operation is performed before the constant-current charging is performed on the battery again according to the preset constant-current charging mode.
12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the third charging module comprises:
the first submodule is used for carrying out constant-voltage charging on the battery according to the maximum charging voltage value; or
And the second submodule is used for firstly carrying out discharging operation on the battery and then carrying out constant-voltage charging on the battery.
13. A battery charging apparatus, comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to:
determining a maximum charging voltage value borne by a battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than the rated voltage of the battery;
performing first-stage charging on the battery according to a constant-current and constant-voltage mode, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and first-stage charging is ended when charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to a rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging ending current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
charging the battery in a second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value, and finishing the charging in the second stage;
and performing third-stage charging on the battery in a constant voltage charging mode, and stopping charging until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to a maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
14. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having instructions therein which, when executed by a processor of a terminal device, enable the terminal device to perform a battery charging method, the method comprising:
determining a maximum charging voltage value borne by a battery, wherein the maximum charging voltage value is greater than the rated voltage of the battery;
performing first-stage charging on the battery according to a constant-current and constant-voltage mode, wherein constant-voltage charging is started when charging voltage of the battery reaches a first voltage value after constant-current charging, and first-stage charging is ended when charging current of the battery reaches a first current value after constant-voltage charging, wherein the first voltage value is less than or equal to a rated voltage value of the battery, and the first current value is greater than a charging ending current value corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery;
charging the battery in a second stage according to a preset constant current charging mode until the charging voltage of the battery is increased to the maximum charging voltage value, and finishing the charging in the second stage;
and performing third-stage charging on the battery in a constant voltage charging mode, and stopping charging until the charging current value of the battery reaches a charging termination current value corresponding to a maximum charging voltage value, wherein the charging voltage of the constant voltage charging in the third stage is greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the battery.
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