CN113571886B - Low-profile phase mode antenna and three-dimensional space scanning array formed by same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a low-profile phase mode antenna and a three-dimensional space scanning array formed by the same, wherein the low-profile phase mode antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a reflection floor, an SSPPs antenna structure, a parasitic patch and a plurality of feed SMA connectors; the dielectric substrate is arranged on the reflection bottom plate, and the SSPPs antenna structure is arranged on the dielectric substrate; the plurality of feeding SMA connectors are arranged on two sides of the SSPPs antenna structure, and the feeding SMA connectors are used for feeding the SSPPs antenna structure; the parasitic patch is disposed on the SSPPs antenna structure. According to the invention, by exciting the dual-port SSPPs antenna structure, the phase shift module is regulated and controlled to change the port phase difference value of the antenna, and various mixed working modes of the SSPPs antenna structure are excited, so that the antenna realizes a wide-beam large-angle scanning range of +/-63 degrees of a main beam.

Description

Low Profile Sagami Antenna and Its 3D Spatial Scanning Array

technical field

The invention relates to the field of communication technologies, in particular to a low-profile sigma antenna and a three-dimensional spatial scanning array composed thereof, in particular a low-profile sigma antenna based on SSPPs technology and a spatial scanning array composed thereof.

Background technique

The rapid iteration and continuous development of wireless communication technology make flexible and changeable multi-beam switching application scenarios more extensive.

The large-angle beam scanning of the array antenna is mainly based on the phased array technology. The large-angle beam scanning is based on the classic pattern product principle, so as to achieve flexible beam switching and cover a wider scanning range. However, beam scanning in three-dimensional space cannot be achieved only by relying on one-dimensional linear arrays. Multiple antenna array elements must be formed to achieve beam scanning coverage in two dimensions of Φ and θ. The array will inevitably increase the array area and take up more space. Therefore, the SSPPs (Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton, referred to as SSPPs) technology is used to construct a low-profile phase mode antenna unit. Based on the odd-mode and even-mode operation modes of the SSPPs antenna, the end-fire and side-fire radiation characteristics are obtained respectively, and the hybrid operation is further obtained through phase mode control. mode, so that the antenna unit itself can have wide beam scanning characteristics. Further constructing a one-dimensional linear array based on the antenna unit can realize large-angle beam scanning in three-dimensional space, which has good application potential and research value.

The realization of large-angle beam scanning by traditional phased array antennas mainly depends on the array factor function. To achieve three-dimensional beam scanning, N×N (N≥2) element array units are generally required to cover the beam coverage in two directions, and there are array systems. It is complex, the number of elements is very large, the scanning angle is limited, and the one-dimensional array can only achieve beam scanning in one-dimensional direction, which makes the application and development of phased array antennas limited.

The patent document with publication number CN103050788A discloses an antenna array unit, an array antenna, a multi-frequency antenna unit and a multi-frequency array antenna. The antenna array unit includes: two pairs of antenna units arranged in a crisscross pattern, wherein each antenna The unit pair includes two antenna units, the two antenna units are electrically connected to each other through a feeding network, and the two antenna unit pairs are fed independently respectively. However, this patent document still has the defect that it occupies a large space and can only realize beam scanning in one-dimensional direction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-profile sagami antenna and a three-dimensional space scanning array composed thereof.

A low-profile phase mode antenna provided according to the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a reflective floor, an SSPPs antenna structure, a parasitic patch and a plurality of feeding SMA connectors;

The dielectric substrate is arranged on the reflective bottom plate, and the SSPPs antenna structure is arranged on the dielectric substrate;

A plurality of the feeding SMA connectors are arranged on both sides of the SSPPs antenna structure, and the feeding SMA connectors are used for feeding the SSPPs antenna structure;

The parasitic patch is disposed on the SSPPs antenna structure.

Preferably, the SSPPs antenna structure includes a first frame body, a second frame body and a third frame body;

The first frame body and the second frame body are respectively arranged at two ends of the third frame body, and the end of the first frame body away from the third frame body is arranged on the dielectric substrate, so One end of the second frame away from the third frame is disposed on the dielectric substrate;

The parasitic patch is arranged on the third frame.

Preferably, the first frame body and the second frame body are vertically arranged on the third frame body.

Preferably, the first frame body, the second frame body and the third frame body are all metal frame bodies.

Preferably, there are two feeding SMA connectors, and the two feeding SMA connectors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the SSPPs antenna structure, respectively.

Preferably, the phase difference between the two feeding SMA connectors is 0°˜180°.

Preferably, the phase difference between the two feeding SMA connectors can be regulated by an analog phase shifter module or a digital phase shifter module.

Preferably, the sectional height of the SSPPs antenna structure is less than one tenth of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point.

Preferably, the parasitic patch is a diamond parasitic patch.

The present invention also provides a three-dimensional space scanning array, comprising four of the above-mentioned low-profile phase mode antennas, and the four low-profile phase mode antennas are arranged in a 1×4 array.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention excites the dual-port U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna, adjusts the phase shift module to change the port phase difference value of the antenna, and stimulates various mixed working modes of the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna, so that the antenna can achieve a wide beam of ±63° of the main beam. Large angle scanning range;

2. The present invention completes a 1×4-element one-dimensional linear array based on the antenna, and adjusts the phase difference between the eight feed ports so that the one-dimensional linear array realizes large-angle beam scanning in two-dimensional directions (XZ plane and YZ plane);

3. Based on the SSPPs antenna technology, the present invention enables the antenna to have two basic modes, an odd-mode operating mode and an even-mode operating mode, and the two basic modes are mixed to construct a new hybrid by adjusting the phase difference between the two feed ports of the antenna. Working mode, so as to realize the wide-angle and wide-beam scanning characteristics of the main beam of the antenna;

4. The one-dimensional linear array constructed with the 0.5λ array element spacing of the present invention can realize the two-dimensional beam scanning characteristics on the Phi=0° plane (XZ plane) and the Phi=90° plane (YZ plane), with only 0.08λ. Low profile height, large-angle wide-beam scanning antenna with arbitrary phase difference adjustment, and one-dimensional linear array realize the characteristics of large-angle wide-beam scanning in three-dimensional space.

Description of drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the dimension structure diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the dimensional structure diagram that highlights the SSPPs antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the working principle diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the S parameter diagram of port 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the S parameter diagram of port 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the isolation degree |S ₁₂ | of port 1 and port 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the isolation degree |S ₂₁ | of port 1 and port 2 of the present invention;

9 is an active S-parameter diagram with a phase difference of 0° between two feed ports of the present invention;

10 is an active S-parameter diagram with a phase difference of 30° between two feed ports of the present invention;

11 is an active S-parameter diagram with a phase difference of 60° between two feed ports of the present invention;

12 is an active S-parameter diagram with a phase difference of 90° between two feed ports of the present invention;

13 is an active S-parameter diagram with a phase difference of 120° between two feed ports of the present invention;

14 is an active S-parameter diagram with a phase difference of 150° between two feed ports of the present invention;

15 is an active S-parameter diagram with a phase difference of 180° between two feed ports of the present invention;

16 is a radiation pattern with the main beam directions of the antenna being 0°, 20°, 40°, and 69°, respectively, when two feed ports are excited at the same time in the present invention;

17 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1×4-element linear array of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the feeding operation of the 1×4 element antenna array of the present invention;

19 is the active S-parameter simulation data of the 1×4 element antenna array of the present invention;

Fig. 20 is the port isolation simulation data of the 1×4 element antenna array of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is the beam scanning of the 1×4-element antenna array antenna with the array element spacing of 0.5λ in the XZ plane of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is the beam scanning of the 1×4-element antenna array antenna with the array element spacing of 0.4λ in the XZ plane of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is the beam scanning of the 1×4 element antenna array antenna in the YZ plane of the present invention;

24 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1×4-element linear array of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the feeding working principle of the 1×4 element antenna array of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is the beam scanning of the 1×4-element antenna array antenna in the XZ plane based on the antenna array distribution method of FIG. 23;

FIG. 27 shows the beam scanning of the 1×4-element antenna array antenna in the YZ plane based on the antenna array distribution method of FIG. 23 .

The figure shows:

Dielectric substrate 1 Second frame body 302

Reflective floor 2 Third frame 303

SSPPs Antenna Structure 3 Parasitic Patch 4

The first frame body 301 feeds the SMA connector 5

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , a low-profile Sagami-mode antenna provided by the present invention includes a dielectric substrate 1 , a reflecting floor 2 , an SSPPs antenna structure 3 , a parasitic patch 4 and a plurality of feeding SMA connectors 5 , and a dielectric substrate 1 The SSPPs antenna structure 3 is arranged on the dielectric substrate 1, and a plurality of feed SMA connectors 5 are arranged on both sides of the SSPPs antenna structure 3, and the feed SMA connectors 5 are used to feed the SSPPs antenna structure 3. Electrically, parasitic patches 4 are disposed on the SSPPs antenna structure 3 . Parasitic patch 4 is a diamond-shaped parasitic patch.

There are two feeding SMA connectors 5 , and the two feeding SMA connectors 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the SSPPs antenna structure 3 respectively. The phase difference between the two feeding SMA connectors 5 is 0°˜180°. The phase difference between the two feeding SMA connectors 5 can be regulated by an analog phase shifter module or a digital phase shifter module.

The SSPPs antenna structure 3 includes a first frame body 301, a second frame body 302 and a third frame body 303. The first frame body 301 and the second frame body 302 are respectively arranged at both ends of the third frame body 303. The end of 301 away from the third frame body 303 is disposed on the dielectric substrate 1 , the end of the second frame body 302 away from the third frame body 303 is disposed on the dielectric substrate 1 , and the parasitic patch 4 is disposed on the third frame body 303 . The first frame body 301 and the second frame body 302 are vertically arranged on the third frame body 303 . The first frame body 301 , the second frame body 302 and the third frame body 303 are all metal frame bodies. The section height of the SSPPs antenna structure 3 is less than one tenth of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point.

The present invention also provides a three-dimensional space scanning array, comprising four of the above-mentioned low-profile phase mode antennas, and the four low-profile phase mode antennas are arranged in a 1×4 array.

Example 1 :

A phase mode antenna unit based on SSPPs technology with low profile wide beam and large angle scanning, including a dielectric substrate, a metal reflection floor, a U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna structure, two feeding SMA connectors, and the two feeding SMA connectors are symmetrical respectively Placed on both sides of the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna, the feeding SMA connector feeds the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna, and the antenna radiating body adopts a U-shaped folded structure, which significantly reduces the profile height of the traditional SSPPs antenna and improves the height of the SSPPs antenna. The profile performance enables the miniaturization of SSPPs antennas. The radiation body of the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna adopts a metal structure and is all air medium.

The feeding method uses two feeding SMA connectors placed on both sides of the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna. The feeding method directly affects the antenna's working mode, port impedance matching performance and radiation efficiency. This feeding method excites the U-shaped SSPPs antenna, which is beneficial to the port impedance matching and improving the radiation efficiency. At the same time, a reasonable feeding method has a very important influence on the selection of the working mode of the SSPPs antenna. The phase difference between the two feed ports can be regulated in either the analog phase shifter module or the digital phase shifter module.

The main function of the rhombus parasitic patch is to help the radiation beam propagate in the XZ plane to free space when the SSPPs antenna works in the even-mode working mode, and the physical structure of the rhombus gradient can effectively improve the impedance matching performance. The section height of the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna structure is less than one-tenth of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 2.5 GHz, about 0.08λ.

By adjusting the phase difference between the two feeding SMA connectors, the variation range is from 0° to 180°, so in the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna structure, the even-mode working mode, odd-mode working mode, odd-mode working mode and odd-mode working mode can be excited according to different phase modes in the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna structure. At the same time, the current distribution on the branch surface of the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna also changes continuously. Therefore, the main beam of the radiation pattern of the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna corresponds to the side-fire radiation pattern in the even-mode operating mode, the end-fire radiation pattern in the odd-mode operating mode, and the continuous arbitrary transformation of the XZ plane in the mixed operating mode (Theta=0°. ~90°) radiation pattern, so as to realize the large-angle scanning characteristics of the beam in the XZ plane direction.

Based on the U-shaped folded SSPPs antenna unit to form a 1×4-element linear array, by adjusting the phase difference between the eight feed ports, different working modes can be excited, so that the 1×4-element linear array can be performed in the XZ plane. Large-angle beam scanning can also achieve large-angle wide beam scanning in the YZ plane. Based on SSPPs technology, the low-profile wide-beam wide-angle scanning antenna units are arrayed, and the one-dimensional linear array can realize large-angle wide-beam scanning in two-dimensional directions, which expands the scanning range of the antenna and enriches the scanning function of the one-dimensional linear array. , and the array size can be expanded arbitrarily.

As shown in Figures 2 to 3, the floor size of the antenna unit is a×b, the overall size of the SSPPs antenna is l×w, the section height is h, and the size of the rhombus parasitic patch of the SSPPs antenna is m×n. The size of the branch is w ₁ , and the size of the gap is the gap.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the working principle diagram of the antenna shows that the antenna has two feeding ports, and the two feeding ports are the phase-shifting module 1 and the phase-shifting module 2 respectively. The phase difference between the phase shift module 1 and the phase shift module 2 is regulated by the phase control module, so that the phase difference between the two feed ports can arbitrarily achieve a continuous phase difference, such as 0° to 180°. Therefore, adjusting the phase difference of the two feed ports enables the SSPPs antenna to excite different hybrid working modes and realize the ±69-degree wide-angle scanning of the main beam.

As shown in Figure 5, the passive S-parameter simulation data of the antenna unit shows that the 10dB impedance bandwidth of feed port 1 is 2.4-2.59GHz, and the relative bandwidth is about 7.6%.

As shown in Figure 6, the passive S-parameter simulation data of the antenna unit shows that the 10dB impedance bandwidth of feed port 2 is 2.4-2.59GHz, and the relative bandwidth is about 7.6%. Since the antenna structure is fed symmetrically, the impedance matching characteristics and operating bandwidth of |S ₁₁ | and |S ₂₂ | are the same.

As shown in Figures 7-8, the isolation parameter simulation data between the two feed ports of the antenna unit shows that the operating bandwidths of |S ₁₂ | and |S ₂₁ | are both 2.33-2.63GHz, and the center frequency is 2.5GHz Port isolation at about -35dB.

As shown in Figures 9 to 15, when the phase differences of the two feed ports of the antenna are 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and 180°, the active S-parameter simulation data, the | Both S ₁₁ | and |S ₂₁ | are less than -20 dB. The port impedance matching and port isolation are consistent.

As shown in Figure 16, when the phase differences of the two feed ports are 180°, 90°, 30°, and 0°, respectively, the main beam directions of the radiation pattern correspond to 0°, 19°, 42°, and 69°, respectively. ° Polar coordinate pattern.

As shown in Table 1, when the phase differences of the two feed ports are 180°, 90°, 30°, and 0°, respectively, the main beam directions of the radiation pattern correspond to 0°, 19°, 42°, 69°. The 3dB beam widths are 64.7° (Theta=0°), 67.4° (Theta=19°), 138.8° (Theta=42°), and 122.7° (Theta=69°). The gains of the main beam are 8.02dBi (Theta=0°), 6.02dBi (Theta=19°), 2.69dBi (Theta=42°), and 1.3dBi (Theta=69°).

Table 1 Antenna unit simulation data

Example 2 :

As shown in FIG. 17 , a schematic structural diagram of a 1×4-element linear array, based on the antenna units in Embodiment 1, the antenna units of Embodiment 1 are formed into a 1×4-element array antenna, which is arranged in the YZ direction.

As shown in Figure 18, the feeding working principle diagram of the 1×4 element antenna array, while adjusting the phase difference (element factor) of the feed port of the antenna unit and the phase difference between the array elements (array factor), the one-dimensional linear array can Large-angle and wide-angle beam scanning is achieved in the two dimensions of the XY plane and the ZY plane, respectively.

As shown in Figure 19, the active S-parameter simulation data of the 1×4 element antenna array. The S-parameter at the center frequency of 2.5GHz is about -20dB.

As shown in Figure 20, the port isolation simulation data of the 1×4-element antenna array. The port isolation at the center frequency of 2.5GHz is less than -20dB.

As shown in Figure 21, the beam scanning of the 1×4 element antenna array antenna in the XZ plane. When the array element spacing is 0.5λ, the main beam coverage of the array is 0° to 63°.

As shown in Figure 22, the beam scanning of the 1×4 element antenna array antenna in the XZ plane. When the array element spacing is 0.4λ, the main beam coverage of the array is 0° to 110°.

As shown in Figure 23, the beam scanning of the 1×4-element antenna array antenna in the YZ plane. The main beam coverage of the array is 0° to 48°.

As shown in Table 2, when the 1×4 element antenna array of the present invention scans at a large angle in the YZ plane and the XZ plane, the main beam pointing, the 3dB beam width and the gain are respectively.

Table 2 Simulation data of 1×4 element antenna array

Example 3 :

As shown in Figure 24, a schematic diagram of the structure of a 1×4-element linear array, based on the antenna unit in Embodiment 1, the antenna unit of Embodiment 1 is rotated by 45 degrees, and translated to form a 1×4-element array antenna, along the YZ direction arrangement.

As shown in Figure 25, based on the distribution method of the antenna array in Figure 22, the working principle of the feeding of the 1×4-element antenna array, while adjusting the phase difference (element factor) of the feeding port of the antenna element and the phase difference between the array elements ( Array factor), one-dimensional linear array can achieve wide-angle beam scanning in two dimensions, XY plane and ZY plane, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 26 , based on the antenna array distribution method in FIG. 22 , the beam scanning of the 1×4-element antenna array antenna in the XZ plane. The main beam coverage of the array is 0° to 66°.

As shown in FIG. 27 , based on the antenna array distribution method in FIG. 22 , the beam scanning of the 1×4-element antenna array antenna in the YZ plane. The main beam coverage of the array is 0° to 58°.

As shown in Table 3, the main beam pointing, 3dB beam width and gain of the 1×4 element antenna array of the present invention (based on the antenna array distribution method in FIG. 22 ) are respectively scanned in the YZ plane and the XZ plane at large angles.

Table 3 Simulation data of 1×4 element antenna array

Based on the SSPPs antenna technology, the invention enables the antenna unit to have two basic modes, an odd-mode operation mode and an even-mode operation mode, and the two basic modes are mixed to construct a new mixed operation by adjusting the phase difference between the two feed ports of the antenna. mode, so as to realize the wide-angle and wide-beam scanning characteristics of the main beam of the antenna unit. At the same time, the one-dimensional linear array constructed with 0.5λ array element spacing can realize two-dimensional beam scanning characteristics on the Phi=0° plane (XZ plane) and the Phi=90° plane (YZ plane). It has the characteristics of a low profile height of only 0.08λ, a large-angle wide-beam scanning antenna unit with arbitrary phase difference adjustment, and a one-dimensional linear array to achieve large-angle wide-beam scanning in three-dimensional space.

In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the indicated device. Or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present application.

Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essential content of the present invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily, provided that there is no conflict.

Claims (9)

1. A low-profile phase mode antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (1), a reflection floor (2), an SSPPs antenna structure (3), a parasitic patch (4) and a plurality of feed SMA connectors (5);

the dielectric substrate (1) is arranged on the reflection bottom plate, and the SSPPs antenna structure (3) is arranged on the dielectric substrate (1);

a plurality of feeding SMA connectors (5) are arranged on two sides of the SSPPs antenna structure (3), and the feeding SMA connectors (5) are used for feeding the SSPPs antenna structure (3);

the parasitic patch (4) is arranged on the SSPPs antenna structure (3);

the SSPPs antenna structure (3) comprises a first frame body (301), a second frame body (302) and a third frame body (303);

the first frame body (301) and the second frame body (302) are respectively arranged at two ends of the third frame body (303), one end, far away from the third frame body (303), of the first frame body (301) is arranged on the medium substrate (1), and one end, far away from the third frame body (303), of the second frame body (302) is arranged on the medium substrate (1);

the parasitic patch (4) is arranged on the third frame body (303).

2. The low profile phase mode antenna of claim 1, wherein the first frame (301) and the second frame (302) are vertically disposed on the third frame (303).

3. The low profile phase mode antenna of claim 1, wherein the first frame (301), the second frame (302), and the third frame (303) are metal frames.

4. A low-profile phase-mode antenna according to claim 1, wherein there are two feeding SMA connectors (5), and the two feeding SMA connectors (5) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the SSPPs antenna structure (3).

5. A low profile phase mode antenna according to claim 4, wherein the phase difference between the two feed SMA connectors (5) is between 0 ° and 180 °.

6. Low profile phase mode antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that the phase difference between the two feeding SMA connectors (5) is regulated by means of an analog or digital phase shifter module.

7. The low-profile phase-mode antenna according to claim 1, wherein the SSPPs antenna structure (3) has a profile height of less than one tenth of a wavelength corresponding to a center frequency point.

8. A low-profile phase-mode antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the parasitic patch (4) is a diamond-shaped parasitic patch.

9. A three-dimensional spatial scanning array comprising four low-profile phase-mode antennas according to any of claims 1 to 8, the four low-profile phase-mode antennas being arranged in a 1 x 4 array.

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