CN113570265A - Offshore eutrophication evaluation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种近海富营养化评价系统，包括：采集模块，用于采集近海水体数据，并将近海水体数据传输给预处理模块和存储模块；存储模块，用于存储采集模块采集的近海水体数据；预处理模块，用于对近海水体数据进行预处理；处理模块，用于对预处理后的近海水体数据进行处理，获得阈值；预警模块，用于检测值超出阈值时，进行报警。本发明采用了荧光法对叶绿素a的浓度进行测量，多参数评估，提高了评估水体是否为富营养化状态的准确率，通过支持向量机模型对处理模块的训练，使得处理模块能够计算出任何近海水水体是否为富营养化状态的阈值，降低了水体中变量的多样性对评估准确性的影响。
The invention discloses an offshore eutrophication evaluation system, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring offshore water data and transmitting the offshore water data to a preprocessing module and a storage module; a storage module for storing the offshore data collected by the acquisition module Water data; preprocessing module, used to preprocess offshore water data; processing module, used to process the preprocessed offshore water data to obtain a threshold value; early warning module, used to alarm when the detected value exceeds the threshold. The invention adopts the fluorescence method to measure the concentration of chlorophyll a and evaluates multiple parameters, which improves the accuracy of evaluating whether the water body is in the eutrophic state. The processing module is trained by the support vector machine model, so that the processing module can calculate any The threshold for whether the offshore water body is eutrophic, reduces the influence of the diversity of variables in the water body on the accuracy of the assessment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water eutrophication, in particular to an offshore eutrophication evaluation system.
Background
Eutrophication is a phenomenon of water enrichment due to the increase of nutrient substances, including nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and causes rapid growth of advanced plants such as algae, which affects the ecological balance of the water. With the increase of human activities and the acceleration of industrialization process, a large amount of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are directly or indirectly discharged into the ocean, so that the problem of offshore eutrophication becomes more and more serious, the problem becomes an ecological problem which is generally concerned by coastal cities of various countries all over the world, the ecological environment is influenced, the production and the life of people are also influenced, and the offshore eutrophication becomes one of important factors which seriously threaten the ecological health of the ocean.
At present, the method comprises a single-factor method and a comprehensive index evaluation method, wherein the single-factor evaluation method mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method, a biological method and a TSI method, and the single-factor evaluation method is a method for evaluating the eutrophication state of the water body through single physical, chemical and biological parameters which can directly or indirectly react with the eutrophication state of the water body. The single-factor evaluation method has the advantages of convenience and rapidness in testing, and relatively accurate evaluation on eutrophication of a freshwater system, but for a more complex seawater system, the single-factor evaluation method is difficult to ensure accuracy. The comprehensive index evaluation method using physical, chemical and biological factors as indexes mainly comprises an eutrophication index method (E value method), a nutritional state quality index method (NQI method) and a TRIX index method. The E value method is an empirical method, and has the advantages that the method is simple, but the method cannot comprehensively reflect the offshore eutrophication condition, the evaluation result is relatively comprehensive, and the accuracy needs to be considered; NQI the method comprises detecting nitrogen and phosphorus content, comparing the real-time detection value with a threshold value determined according to the water quality of seawater; the TRIX index method sets the upper limit and the lower limit of evaluation parameters, and takes the saturation of nitrogen, phosphorus and dissolved oxygen and the chlorophyll concentration as the evaluation parameters, so that the method has the advantages that the evaluation result is more comprehensive and accurate, but the threshold values of the evaluation parameters in different sea areas generally have larger difference, and therefore, the method cannot be applied to the comparison of the eutrophication levels of different water bodies. In summary, compared with a single factor evaluation method, the comprehensive index evaluation method comprehensively considers the comprehensive influence of multiple factors such as biology, chemistry and physics, but due to the complexity of a marine ecosystem and the interaction of multiple factors of an ecological environment, the characteristics of offshore eutrophication are also considered, a more accurate method is adopted, and the research on a method for automatically monitoring whether a water body is eutrophication is less, so that an evaluation system which sufficiently solves the problems in the prior art is urgently needed in society.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an offshore eutrophication evaluation system, which solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides an offshore eutrophication evaluation system, which comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring offshore water body data and transmitting the offshore water body data to the preprocessing module and the storage module;
the storage module is used for storing the offshore water body data acquired by the acquisition module;
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the offshore water body data;
the processing module is used for processing the preprocessed offshore water body data to obtain a threshold value;
the early warning module is used for alarming when the detection value exceeds the threshold value;
the acquisition module is respectively connected with the storage module and the preprocessing module, and the preprocessing module is connected with the early warning module through the processing module.
Further, the acquisition module comprises a positioning unit, a total nitrogen sensor, a total phosphorus sensor and a chlorophyll a sensor, wherein the positioning unit is used for positioning the acquisition site, the total nitrogen sensor is used for measuring the total nitrogen content in the offshore water body, the total phosphorus sensor is used for measuring the total phosphorus content in the offshore water body, and the chlorophyll a sensor is used for measuring the chlorophyll a concentration in the offshore water body.
Further, the chlorophyll-a sensor includes an underwater fluorometer for making fluorescence measurements of the offshore body of water and a filter module for filtering the offshore body of water.
Further, the specific method for measuring the chlorophyll a concentration is as follows: filtering the offshore water body based on the filtering module, and measuring a fluorescence value once by using the underwater fluorometer after filtering is finished, wherein the fluorescence value is used as a first fluorescence value and is recorded; and after the measurement, extracting the offshore water body filtered by acetone, measuring a fluorescence value once by using a fluorimeter after the extraction is finished, taking the fluorescence value as a second fluorescence value and recording the second fluorescence value, and calculating based on the first fluorescence value and the second fluorescence value to obtain the chlorophyll a concentration.
Further, the specific method for processing the preprocessed offshore water data by the processing module is as follows: dividing the preprocessed offshore water body data into a training set and a testing set, training on the basis of a support vector machine, optimizing parameters of the processing module on the basis of a training result, finishing the training after the recognition accuracy is greater than a preset value, obtaining thresholds of the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the chlorophyll a concentration, and judging whether the state of the offshore water body is eutrophication or not by the processing module on the basis of the thresholds.
Further, the processing module is further configured to count the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, and the chlorophyll-a concentration to form a bar graph, a line graph, and a pie graph.
Further, the offshore eutrophication evaluation system further comprises a display module for displaying the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the chlorophyll a concentration of the offshore water body, and the bar graph, the line graph and the pie graph in real time.
Furthermore, the alarm mode of the early warning module is audible and visual alarm, and specific alarm information is displayed on the display module.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides an offshore eutrophication evaluation system, which adopts various sensors to collect key parameters underwater and position the collected places, so that the positions of the parameters are convenient to confirm at the later stage, the accuracy of the system is improved, the concentration of chlorophyll a is measured by adopting a fluorescence method, multi-parameter evaluation is carried out, the accuracy of evaluating whether a water body is in an eutrophication state is improved, a processing module can calculate the threshold value of whether any offshore water body is in the eutrophication state by training the processing module through a support vector machine model, the influence of the diversity of variables in the water body on the evaluation accuracy is reduced, an alarm module timely alarms to help workers report and solve the eutrophication situation at the first time, and the efficiency of solving the offshore eutrophication problem is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides an offshore eutrophication evaluation system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring offshore water body data and transmitting the offshore water body data to the preprocessing module and the storage module;
the storage module is used for storing the offshore water body data acquired by the acquisition module;
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the offshore water body data;
the processing module is used for processing the preprocessed offshore water body data to obtain a threshold value;
the early warning module is used for alarming when the detection value exceeds the threshold value;
the acquisition module is respectively connected with the storage module and the preprocessing module, and the preprocessing module is connected with the early warning module through the processing module.
Further, the acquisition module comprises a positioning unit, a total nitrogen sensor, a total phosphorus sensor and a chlorophyll a sensor, wherein the positioning unit is used for positioning the acquisition site, the total nitrogen sensor is used for measuring the total nitrogen content in the offshore water body, the total phosphorus sensor is used for measuring the total phosphorus content in the offshore water body, and the chlorophyll a sensor is used for measuring the chlorophyll a concentration in the offshore water body.
Further, the chlorophyll-a sensor includes an underwater fluorometer for making fluorescence measurements of the offshore body of water and a filter module for filtering the offshore body of water.
Further, the specific method for measuring the chlorophyll a concentration is as follows: filtering the offshore water body based on the filtering module, and measuring a fluorescence value once by using the underwater fluorometer after filtering is finished, wherein the fluorescence value is used as a first fluorescence value and is recorded; and after the measurement, extracting the offshore water body filtered by acetone, measuring a fluorescence value once by using a fluorimeter after the extraction is finished, taking the fluorescence value as a second fluorescence value and recording the second fluorescence value, and calculating based on the first fluorescence value and the second fluorescence value to obtain the chlorophyll a concentration.
Further, the specific method for processing the preprocessed offshore water data by the processing module is as follows: dividing the preprocessed offshore water body data into a training set and a testing set, training on the basis of a support vector machine, optimizing parameters of the processing module on the basis of a training result, finishing the training after the recognition accuracy is greater than a preset value, obtaining thresholds of the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the chlorophyll a concentration, and judging whether the state of the offshore water body is eutrophication or not by the processing module on the basis of the thresholds.
Further, the processing module is further configured to count the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, and the chlorophyll-a concentration to form a bar graph, a line graph, and a pie graph.
Further, the offshore eutrophication evaluation system further comprises a display module for displaying the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the chlorophyll a concentration of the offshore water body, and the bar graph, the line graph and the pie graph in real time.
Furthermore, the alarm mode of the early warning module is audible and visual alarm, and specific alarm information is displayed on the display module.
The acquisition module also comprises a water level sensor, a water temperature sensor, a turbidity sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a water flow sensor, a PH sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor and a conductivity sensor;
the positioning unit is a Beidou positioning module or a GPS positioning module
The total phosphorus sensor adopts a PhosphaxSigma total phosphorus on-line monitor, the total nitrogen sensor adopts an NHN-202 ammonia nitrogen digital sensor, and the chlorophyll a sensor adopts a Cyclops-7 underwater fluorometer;
the system also comprises a communication module used for alarming or communicating the mobile terminal, wherein the communication module comprises a cable and an optical cable in wired communication, 2G/3G/4G/LTE connection and WIFI/wireless local area network connection in wireless communication, and the mobile terminal comprises a mobile phone, a tablet computer or a notebook computer;
the processing module adopts a desktop computer or a notebook computer;
the display module 4 adopts a liquid crystal display screen;
chlorophyll a concentration measuring method: 1000ml of water sample is collected at each station, and the collected water sample is filtered by a GF/F glass fiber membrane with the aperture of 0.47 mu m. After filtration, extraction was carried out using 90% acetone for about 23-24 hours. And (3) measuring fluorescence values before acidification and after acidification by using a fluorometer, and finally calculating to obtain a chlorophyll a concentration value.
The working process of the preprocessing module comprises the following steps:
1. normalization
The method comprises the steps of normalizing all data by using a normalization function scaleFORSVM, storing the original data into a storage module in order to prevent the loss of original data information, normalizing according to each parameter during normalization, and normalizing the data to [ -1, 1] by default during normalization.
2. Dimensionality reduction pretreatment
The dimension reduction preprocessing process is a process of selecting parameter principal components, and the principal components are selected to achieve maximum explanation of the original variables, and the default is 90%.
The processing module works:
the kernel function adopted by the processing module is an RBF kernel function, so that a gamma factor (g) in the RBF kernel function is set, C and g are selected in a certain value range, the C and g are brought into a support vector machine model, and the C and g with the highest classification accuracy are selected as the optimal C and g. And if the minimum C corresponds to a plurality of groups of g, selecting the first group as the optimal parameter, and selecting the minimum C as the optimal parameter combination from all C and g which can achieve the highest classification accuracy, wherein the larger the C is, the more the learning phenomenon of the support vector machine model is caused, so that the classification accuracy of the classifier is reduced. In addition, a heuristic algorithm can be adopted to carry out parameter optimization of the support vector machine, the heuristic algorithm optimization method can realize parameter optimization in a larger range without traversing all parameter points in a grid, and the heuristic algorithm parameter optimization mainly comprises genetic algorithm parameter optimization (GA) and particle swarm optimization parameter optimization.
Selecting different training set sample numbers to respectively obtain three classification accuracy rates of the model, specifically comparing with a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation level, an NQI classification level, an E value classification level and a TRIX classification level, wherein the verification training set classification accuracy rate is the accuracy rate of classifying the training set of the model, the judgment prediction set classification accuracy rate is the classification accuracy rate obtained by judging the prediction set by the model, the cross verification average classification accuracy rate is the average accuracy rate under the cross verification thought and is also an important index for processing the effect of the module, the cross verification method obtains the average value of the classification accuracy rates by taking a plurality of groups of training sets and testing sets alternately, judges whether the average value exceeds a preset value, and finishes training if the average value exceeds the preset value.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. An offshore eutrophication evaluation system is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring offshore water body data and transmitting the offshore water body data to the preprocessing module and the storage module;
the storage module is used for storing the offshore water body data acquired by the acquisition module;
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the offshore water body data;
the processing module is used for processing the preprocessed offshore water body data to obtain a threshold value;
the early warning module is used for alarming when the detection value exceeds the threshold value;
the acquisition module is respectively connected with the storage module and the preprocessing module, and the preprocessing module is connected with the early warning module through the processing module.
2. The offshore eutrophication evaluation system of claim 1, wherein: the acquisition module comprises a positioning unit, a total nitrogen sensor, a total phosphorus sensor and a chlorophyll a sensor, wherein the positioning unit is used for positioning an acquisition site, the total nitrogen sensor is used for measuring the total nitrogen content in the offshore water body, the total phosphorus sensor is used for measuring the total phosphorus content in the offshore water body, and the chlorophyll a sensor is used for measuring the chlorophyll a concentration in the offshore water body.
3. The offshore eutrophication evaluation system of claim 2, wherein: the chlorophyll a sensor comprises an underwater fluorometer and a filtering module, wherein the underwater fluorometer is used for measuring the fluorescence value of the offshore water body, and the filtering module is used for filtering the offshore water body.
4. The offshore eutrophication evaluation system of claim 3, wherein: the specific method for measuring the chlorophyll a concentration is as follows: filtering the offshore water body based on the filtering module, and measuring a fluorescence value once by using the underwater fluorometer after filtering is finished, wherein the fluorescence value is used as a first fluorescence value and is recorded; and after the measurement, extracting the offshore water body filtered by acetone, measuring a fluorescence value once by using a fluorimeter after the extraction is finished, taking the fluorescence value as a second fluorescence value and recording the second fluorescence value, and calculating based on the first fluorescence value and the second fluorescence value to obtain the chlorophyll a concentration.
5. The offshore eutrophication evaluation system of claim 2, wherein: the specific method for processing the preprocessed offshore water body data by the processing module is as follows: dividing the preprocessed offshore water body data into a training set and a testing set, training on the basis of a support vector machine, optimizing parameters of the processing module on the basis of a training result, finishing the training after the recognition accuracy is greater than a preset value, obtaining thresholds of the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the chlorophyll a concentration, and judging whether the state of the offshore water body is eutrophication or not by the processing module on the basis of the thresholds.
6. The offshore eutrophication evaluation system of claim 5, wherein: the processing module is further used for counting the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the chlorophyll a concentration to form a column diagram, a line diagram and a pie diagram.
7. The offshore eutrophication evaluation system of claim 6, wherein: the offshore eutrophication evaluation system further comprises a display module for displaying the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the chlorophyll a concentration of the offshore water body, the bar chart, the line chart and the pie chart in real time.
8. The offshore eutrophication evaluation system of claim 7, wherein: the alarm mode of the early warning module is acousto-optic alarm, and meanwhile, specific alarm information is displayed on the display module.
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