CN113529408A - 一种新型水性耐磨剂及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种新型水性耐磨剂，其是由纳米材料与带有羧基的高分子材料反应后制得的。所述纳米材料与带有羧基的高分子材料在70‑100℃下反应2‑5小时。所述纳米材料中的干物质含量与高分子材料的重量比例为：1:0.01～20；优选为1：0.5～5。本发明的新型水性耐磨剂，由于纳米材料中的纳米分子(如纳米二氧化硅)与带有羧基的高分子材料(如羧基改性聚乙烯醇)上的羧基反应，使得该水性耐磨剂分子上引入了高分子材料(如聚乙烯醇)，使得制得的水性耐磨剂与其它耐磨材料相比，具有优异的耐磨性和粘着性，且水溶性强，所以由此制得的新型水性耐磨剂的性能明显优于其它水性耐磨剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织浆料和涂料领域，具体地说，涉及一种新型水性耐磨剂及应用。
背景技术
现有用于纺织浆料和涂料领域的耐磨剂一般有三种：
一是采用纳米级的氧化硅、氧化铝或者是氧化钛，可直接作为耐磨剂应用。
这种是直接使用纳米材料，不经过反应处理；但其耐磨性不是很好。
其二是将纳米级的氧化物(硅，铝，钛，等)与偶联剂反应(如3.3.3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷)制成水溶性的耐磨剂。该产品多为乳状物，其缺点是在应用时煮浆过程中会与其他组分发生反应，这种随机性的反应易造成该耐磨剂应用性能的不稳定性和局限性。同时没被反应完全的偶联剂中的基团也可能会与纱线起反应而造成退浆不净。
这种是将纳米材料的成份与偶联剂反应，虽然也是水溶性的，但偶联剂不稳定，产品应用时也不稳定，有局限性。
还有第三种是将纳米氧化物，进行表面处理。如将纳米氧化物和硬脂酸钠进行反应，得到的耐磨剂为非水溶性的，但该耐磨剂很少用于纺织浆料和涂料领域。
另外也有将纳米氧化物与高分子材料进行物理共混或者与高分子材料进行插层剥离反应。这种产品本身成本偏高，同时应用时一般用量大才能达到耐磨效果。
从耐磨学的机理上讲，耐磨材料与粘着材料(高分子材料)的亲和力(互溶性)越好，所成涂膜越耐磨，同时这种耐磨材料本身又带有润滑成份，减少了摩擦系数，所以会更耐磨。
从耐磨学的机理上讲，如果耐磨材料和粘着材料互溶性非常好，耐磨性就相应较高，比如分子结构相似；且都是溶于水或分散于水。
发明内容
本发明的技术目的在于提供一种耐磨性能优良、更适宜用于经纱上浆的新型水性耐磨剂。
为了达到上述技术目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种新型水性耐磨剂，其是由纳米材料与带有羧基的高分子材料反应后制得的。
所述纳米材料与带有羧基的高分子材料在70-100℃下反应2-5小时。
所述纳米材料中的干物质含量与带有羧基的高分子材料的重量比例为：1:0.01～20；优选为1:0.5～5。
所述纳米材料为氧化硅(指的是二氧化硅)或氧化铝(比如拟薄水铝石或勃姆石)，氧化铝和氧化硅的混合体(比如蒙脱土，高领土)或二氧化钛的纳米溶液中的任一种。使用时采用纳米溶液状态，与带有羧基的高分子材料混合后反应。
所述带有羧基的高分子材料为羧基改性聚乙烯醇、丙烯酸与醋酸乙烯的共聚物、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸与丙烯酸酯类的聚合物、接枝淀粉、氧化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉(CMS或CMS-Na)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)中的任一种。
其中最优选的为羧基改性聚乙烯醇(如PVA182)。
本发明的新型水性耐磨剂，最优选地，所述纳米材料为20-30％浓度、9-12nm左右的硅溶胶。
在所述反应后还包括后处理，所述后处理为：加入适量的硬脂酸或硬脂酸钠或乳化蜡或这三样的混合物。后处理的主要目的是将其最终的产品，处理为不同的浓度、不同的形态(固态、液态等)，例如用硬脂酸处理，不仅能进一步提高耐磨性能，还能使产品增稠。
本发明的新型水性耐磨剂用于纺织浆料和涂料中，尤其适用于纺织产品的经纱上浆，优选的用量为2％-6％，特别是4％。
本发明的新型水性耐磨剂，在制备时，就是将带有羧基的高分子材料直接加到纳米材料的水溶液中，充分反应，再经后处理。
本发明的新型水性耐磨剂，由于纳米材料中的纳米分子(如纳米二氧化硅)与带有羧基的高分子材料(如羧基改性聚乙烯醇)上的羧基反应，使得该水性耐磨剂分子上引入了高分子材料(如聚乙烯醇)，使得制得的水性耐磨剂与其它耐磨材料相比，具有优异的耐磨性和粘着性，且水溶性强，所以由此制得的新型水性耐磨剂的性能明显优于其它水性耐磨剂。该新型水性耐磨剂，在应用过程中不受蜡片用量的影响，如纳米材料用硬脂酸处理后的水性耐磨剂在应用时，当蜡片用量超过3％时，其耐磨效果会不太明显。本发明的新型水性耐磨剂，尤其适用于棉织物，可以赋予其良好的耐磨性能，提高其应用范围。同时，采用羧基改性聚乙烯醇制得的新型水性耐磨剂，更加适用于T/C 90/10以下配比的涤棉织物中。应用广泛，在使用过程中达到最佳耐磨效果，而且本发明成本低，用量少，耐磨效果好。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
将约100公斤20％浓度、9纳米左右的硅溶胶(碱性)稀释至400公斤5％的浓度，加入粒状羧基改性聚乙烯醇(PVA182)10公斤，升温到80℃左右，待完全溶解，反应4小时后制得本实施例的新型水性耐磨剂。
在使用时，加入经纱上浆的浆料中，用量为主浆料量的3％，即纳米氧化硅含量为主浆料的0.15％左右，用于纯棉。
实施例2
前述步骤与实施例1相同，只在反应4小时后，再经过后处理，后处理是加入乳化蜡136公斤，在搅拌下待其完全乳化后，成546公斤产品，即为本实施例的新型水性耐磨剂(用量为主浆料量的4％，用于纯棉和涤棉)。
实施例3
将约200公斤20％浓度、9纳米左右的硅溶胶稀释至400公斤10％的浓度，加入粒状羧基改性聚乙烯醇(PVA182)20kg，升温到100℃左右，待完全溶解，反应3小时，再经后处理，后处理是加入乳化蜡136公斤在80℃搅拌使其溶化后成556公斤产品，即为本实施例的新型水性耐磨剂(用量为主浆料4％，用于涤棉)。
实施例4
将粒径为12纳米的气象白炭黑二氧化硅20公斤，加水搅拌成5％浓度400kg，加羧基改性聚乙烯醇10kg，升温至95℃，待羧基改性聚乙烯醇完全溶解后，反应4小时，再经后处理加入乳化蜡136kg，再搅拌待其完全乳化后，成546kg产品(用量为主浆料4％，用于涤棉)。
实施例5
将粒径为12纳米的气象白炭黑二氧化硅20公斤，加水搅拌成5％浓度400公斤，再加入带有丙烯酸单体的固体丙烯酸浆料10公斤，升温至95度，待固体丙烯浆料完全溶解后，反应4小时加入乳化蜡136公斤，搅拌待其完全乳化后即为546公斤新型水性耐磨剂产品(用量为主浆料的4％，用于涤棉)。
实施例6
将含有羧基的接枝淀粉或者是氧化淀粉20公斤加入5％浓度9纳米400公斤的硅凝胶中，搅匀分散后升温至95度，保温反应4小时，再加入乳化蜡136公斤，搅拌待其完全乳化即成为556公斤的新型水性耐磨剂(用量为主浆料的4％，用于纯棉)。
实验例1
本实验例针对实施例1-6所得的水性耐磨剂与现有耐磨剂进行性能对比分析。
纺织用上浆液配方(％)为：
40支纯棉精梳纱：含固量10％，上浆率12％；
45支涤棉(65/35)精梳纱：含固量10％，上浆率12％；
进行浆纱耐磨次数对比实验，上浆方法采用单纱上浆仪，并采用单纱耐磨仪进行检测，检测湿度78％左右，温度20-30度，单纱张力以原纱耐磨次数为1-2次为准。测试过程中单纱耐磨仪的速度为120n/min，每组纱为8根，去掉最高和最低值，取其平均值。
具体结果见表1。
表1耐磨次数单纱上浆测试结果
结论：实验组的水性耐磨剂优于现有产品，明显提高了浆纱的耐磨次数。同时，实施例4的耐磨剂更加适用于纯棉纱，而实施例3的耐磨剂更加适用于涤棉纱。
虽然已经详细说明了本发明及其优点，但是应当理解在不超出由所附的权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以进行各种改变、替代和变换。而且，本申请的范围不仅限于说明书所描述的过程、设备、手段、方法和步骤的具体实施例。本领域内的普通技术人员从本发明的公开内容将容易理解，根据本发明可以使用执行与在此所述的相应实施例基本相同的功能或者获得与其基本相同的结果的、现有和将来要被开发的过程、设备、手段、方法或者步骤。因此，所附的权利要求旨在在它们的范围内包括这样的过程、设备、手段、方法或者步骤。
Claims (10)
1.一种新型水性耐磨剂，其特征在于，其是由纳米材料与带有羧基的高分子材料反应后制得的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型水性耐磨剂，其特征在于，所述纳米材料与带有羧基的高分子材料在70-100℃下反应2-5小时。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的新型水性耐磨剂，其特征在于，所述纳米材料中的干物质含量与带有羧基的高分子材料的重量比例为：1:0.01～20。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的新型水性耐磨剂，其特征在于，所述纳米材料中的干物质含量与带有羧基的高分子材料的重量比例为：1:0.5～5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新型水性耐磨剂，其特征在于，所述纳米材料为氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化铝和氧化硅的混合体、二氧化钛的纳米溶液中的任一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型水性耐磨剂，其特征在于，所述带有羧基的高分子材料为羧基改性聚乙烯醇、丙烯酸与醋酸乙烯的共聚物、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸与丙烯酸酯类的聚合物、接枝淀粉、氧化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、羧甲基纤维素中的任一种。
7.根据权利要求1或5所述的新型水性耐磨剂，其特征在于，所述纳米材料为20-30％浓度、9-12nm的硅溶胶。
8.根据权利要求1或6所述的新型水性耐磨剂，其特征在于，所述带有羧基的高分子材料为羧基改性聚乙烯醇。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的新型水性耐磨剂，其特征在于，在所述反应后还包括后处理，所述后处理为：加入适量的硬脂酸或硬脂酸钠或乳化蜡。
10.权利要求1-9任一项所述的新型水性耐磨剂用于纺织产品的经纱上浆。
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