CN113508825A - 一种生态杀虫剂及其制备方法、制剂与应用 - Google Patents
一种生态杀虫剂及其制备方法、制剂与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生态杀虫剂及其制备方法、制剂与应用,所述杀虫剂含有活性成分,所述活性成分含有由生物油分子精馏制得的溶剂;由植物材料制成的原药,植物材料包括:薄荷、虎皮兰、迭迭香、苦皮藤。将原药、助剂、溶剂或填料按比例混合均匀制得生态杀虫剂。该农药属于植物源复配农药,复配增效作用明显,可以用于植物除螨,见效快,成本低,可减少化学农药对环境的危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药除螨剂应用领域,涉及一种生态杀虫剂及其制备方法、制剂与应用,具体涉及一种含有由生物油分子精馏作为溶剂制得的一种复配农药,以及该杀虫剂在防治植物螨虫中的应用。
背景技术
近年来,随着化学农药的普遍施用,使得农村面源污染现象日渐严重,同时长期大量的农药施用导致了害虫等产生了抗药性,环境污染也进一步危害人类健康,我国对化学农药的使用也更加严格。
目前生物质热解产生的生物油,其内含有多种有机物。常分馏制作生物柴油,但应用效率也极低。研究表明,生物油其内含有的酮、酚、酸类等有机物可以作为农药溶剂,可扩大生物油应用范围,将低含油量的生物质油作为农药溶剂可有效提升其应用范围实现绿色农业生产并降低环境危害。
植物源农药因其高效、低毒、低残留等特点,再次成为农药研究特点,但是由于现在市面上可用的植物源农药种类还较少,不足以满足农业需求。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于发明一种含植物热解生物油的生态杀虫剂,属于植物源复配农药,复配增效作用结果明显,可解决化学农药污染严重问题。本发明的第二目的在于提供一种含植物热解生物油的生态杀虫剂的制备方法,第三目的可将该农药制成多种剂型,可根据农业生产需要进行多方面应用。本发明的第四目的在于提供一种利用生物油作为溶剂的生态杀虫剂的制备方法,可扩大生物油应用领域范围,也可有效防治植物螨虫,包括山楂叶螨、二斑叶螨、朱砂叶螨等。
为实现本发明的上述目的,采用以下技术方案:
一种生态杀虫剂按重量百分比为原药20-30%、溶剂或填料10-20%、助剂30-90%。
所述原药成分质量比为薄荷:虎皮兰:迭迭香:苦皮藤=1:2-2.5:2-2.5:4-5。所述溶剂为生物油冷凝液,所述生物油冷凝液为生物质高温热解所得生物油再经蒸馏冷凝后得到的,具体是以新鲜农作物废弃物为原材料,在温度为500-800℃下热解得到生物油,再将生物油在压力为650-750pa,温度为45-120℃下蒸馏,冷凝至30-35℃所得馏分。 所述助剂包括表面活性剂、增效剂、乳化剂、防冻剂、分散剂、湿润剂、增滑剂、粘结剂、紫外光保护剂中的一种或几种。所述填料为白炭黑、陶土、硅藻土中一种或几种的混合物。
具体的,所述表面活性剂为苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚类、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚聚氧苯烯醚类及其类似物、烷基苯磺酸盐类、环氧乙烷加成物中的一种或几种。
所述增效剂为有机硅、增效胺、增效醚中的一种或几种。
所述乳化剂为烷基酚环氧乙烷聚合物、多苯核酚环氧乙烷聚合物、环氧乙烷环氧丙烷镶嵌聚合物中的一种或几种混合物。
所述防冻剂为乙二醇或丙二醇。
所述分散剂为木质素磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐甲醛化合物、烷基酚乙氧基化物、聚羧酸盐的一种或几种混合物。
所述湿润剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、脂肪醇乙基氧化物、烷基酚乙基氧化物、十八烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、皂角粉、茶枯、无患子粉中一种或几种混合物。
所述崩解剂为尿素、硫酸铵、碳酸氢钠中的一种或多种。
所述增稠剂为明胶、二氧化硅或硅酸铝镁。
所述粘结剂为黄原胶、海藻酸钠。
所述紫外光保护剂包括抗坏血酸、淀粉、黄原胶、纯牛奶中的一种或多种混合物。
优选的,如上所述的生态杀虫剂制备方法,当所述组合物为水乳剂时,其组分主要包括:原药20-30%、生物油冷凝液15-25%、表面活性剂10-20%,增效剂1-10%,防冻剂0.5-8%,紫外光保护剂0.5-10%,去离子水10-92%。
优选的,如上所述的生态杀虫剂制备方法,当所述组合物为乳油时,其组分主要包括:原药20-30%、生物油冷凝液10-90%、表面活性剂10-20%,增效剂1-10%,紫外光保护剂0.5-10%。
优选的,如上所述的生态杀虫剂制备方法,当所述组合物为可湿性粉剂时,其组分主要包括:原药20-30%、表面活性剂10-20%,增效剂1-10%,分散剂5-12%,紫外光保护剂0.5-10%,填料15-85%。
优选的,如上所述的生态杀虫剂制备方法,当所述组合物为水分散颗粒时,其组分主要包括:原药20-30%、表面活性剂10-20%、分散剂1-10%、湿润剂5-8%、崩解剂0.2-10%、粘结剂0.2-12%、紫外光保护剂0.5-10%、填料10-85%。
一种生态杀虫剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将薄荷叶、虎皮兰根、迭迭香花和叶、苦皮腾种子分别于60-70℃烘干至恒重,粉碎过80目筛,备用;
2)将经过步骤(1)处理后的原药按质量比薄荷、虎皮兰、迭迭香、苦皮藤=1:2-2.5:2-2.5:4-5混合,搅拌均匀制成原药;
3)将所得原药均匀分散在溶剂或填料中,并根据需要加入助剂即可。
该制作方法成本低廉、操作简单、杀虫效率高。
如上所述的生态杀虫剂主要用于防治植物螨虫。如山楂叶螨、二斑叶螨、朱砂叶螨等。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益成果为:
本发明提供的生态农药制备方法属于植物源复配农药,防治虫害效果显著,降低病虫对该农药抗性,对作物、人类和环境均无污染。
本发明提供的生态农药部分组分替代了化学农药中的高毒、高残留成分,减少化学农药的使用和污染。
本发明提供的助剂是由生物油冷凝液在一定温度、压力下制得,拓宽了生物油应用领域,也提高了农药防治虫害效果。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但该实施例只用于说明本发明而不应被视为限制本发明的范围。
原药制备:
将薄荷叶、虎皮兰根、迭迭香花和叶、苦皮腾种子分别于60℃烘干至恒重,粉碎过80目筛后,按质量比薄荷、虎皮兰、迭迭香、苦皮藤=1:2.5:2:4混合,搅拌均匀制成原药。
溶剂制备:
将于昆明斗南花市收集到的新鲜鲜花秸秆废弃物,在温度为750℃下热解,收集热解生物油
将解热生物油在蒸馏压力为700pa进行升温,收集蒸馏温度为45-120℃下的馏分,用水蒸气将其冷凝至30℃后作为溶剂。
实施例1:20%原药水乳剂
20g原药、20g生物油冷凝液、10g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g增效胺、2g丙二醇、0.5g抗坏血酸、去离子水补足100g。
实施例2:22%原药水乳剂
23g原药、23g生物油冷凝液、10g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g增效醚、2g丙二醇、0.5g抗坏血酸、去离子水补足100g。
实施例3:25%原药水乳剂
25g原药、25g生物油冷凝液、10g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g增效醚、2g丙二醇、0.5g抗坏血酸、去离子水补足100g。
实施例4:28%原药水乳剂
28g原药、25g生物油冷凝液、10g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g有机硅、2g丙二醇、0.5g抗坏血酸、去离子水补足100g。
实施例5:30%原药水乳剂
30g原药、25g生物油冷凝液、10g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g有机硅、2g丙二醇、0.5g抗坏血酸、去离子水补足100g。
根据实施例1-5的配方,将各组分于反应釜中混合均匀,制得生态杀虫剂成品于2019年进行田间小试。
供试作物:苹果
实验设计及方法:设置空白对照组一个,实验组每个重复面积30m2,均随机排列,实验区内所有小区的栽培条件及树木生长状况均一致。用供试药品稀释至250、500、1000倍液进行叶面喷雾,并分别于2、5、10天后调查螨虫数量。分别计算施药前后螨虫数量的存活率、减退率,与空白对照相对比,计算结果如表1,计算公式如下:
螨虫减退率=(施药前螨虫数-施药后螨虫存活数)/施药前螨虫数
螨虫防效=(施药区螨虫减退率-对照区螨虫减退率)/(100-空白区螨虫减退率)
表1原药乳油防治苹果螨虫的田间药效试验
由表1可看出,本发明组合实施例1-5生态杀虫剂稀释500倍对苹果叶螨的防治效果2天可达80%以上,5天可达83%以上,10天可达86%以上;本发明组合实施例1-5生态杀虫剂稀释1000倍对苹果叶螨的防治效果,2天可达78%,5天可达80%,10天可达85%以上,且该杀虫剂施用期间,对苹果树未产生不良影响。
实施例6:20%原药乳油
20g原药、10g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g有机硅、5g丙二醇、8g抗坏血酸,生物油冷凝液补足100g。
实施例7:22%原药乳油
22g原药、20g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g有机硅、5g丙二醇、8g抗坏血酸,生物油冷凝液补足100g。
实施例8:25%原药乳油
25g原药、30g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g有机硅、5g丙二醇、8g抗坏血酸,生物油冷凝液补足100g。
实施例9:28%原药乳油
28g原药、30g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g有机硅、5g丙二醇、8g抗坏血酸,生物油冷凝液补足100g。
实施例10:30%原药乳油
30g原药、30g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g有机硅、5g丙二醇、8g抗坏血酸,生物油冷凝液补足100g。
根据实施例6-10的配方,将各组分于反应釜中混合均匀,制得生态杀虫剂成品于2019年进行田间小试。
供试作物:山楂
实验设计及方法:设置空白对照组一个,实验组每个重复面积20m2,均随机排列,实验区内所有小区的栽培条件及树木生长状况均一致。用供试药品稀释至250、500、1000倍液进行叶面喷雾,并分别于2、5、10天后调查螨虫数量。分别计算施药前后螨虫数量的存活率、减退率,与空白对照相对比,计算结果如表1,计算公式如下:
螨虫减退率=(施药前螨虫数-施药后螨虫存活数)/施药前螨虫数
螨虫防效=(施药区螨虫减退率-对照区螨虫减退率)/(100-空白区螨虫减退率)
表2 原药乳油防治山楂螨虫的田间药效试验
由表2可看出,本发明组合实施例6-10生态杀虫剂稀释500倍对山楂叶螨的防治效果2天可达80%以上,5天可达84%以上,10天可达86%以上;本发明组合实施例6-10生态杀虫剂稀释1000倍对山楂叶螨的防治效果,2天可达78%,5天可达80%,10天可达85%以上,且该杀虫剂施用期间,对山楂树未产生不良影响。
实施例11:20%原药可湿性粉剂
20g原药、10g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g增效胺、5g聚羧酸钠、8g黄原胶,硅藻土补足为100g。
实施例12:22%原药可湿性粉剂
22g原药、12g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g增效胺、5g聚羧酸钠、8g黄原胶,硅藻土补足为100g。
实施例13:25%原药可湿性粉剂
25g原药、15g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g增效胺、5g聚羧酸钠、8g黄原胶,硅藻土补足为100g。
实施例14:28%原药可湿性粉剂
28g原药、18g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g增效胺、5g聚羧酸钠、8g黄原胶,硅藻土补足为100g。
实施例15:30%原药可湿性粉剂
30g原药、20g烷基苯磺酸钠、5g增效胺、5g聚羧酸钠、8g黄原胶,硅藻土补足为100g。
根据实施例10-15的配方,将各组分于反应釜中混合均匀,制得生态杀虫剂成品于2019年进行田间小试。
供试作物:玉米
实验设计及方法:设置空白对照组一个,实验组每个重复面积20m2,均随机排列,实验区内所有小区的栽培条件及树木生长状况均一致。用供试药品稀释至250、500、1000倍液进行叶面喷雾,并分别于2、5、10天后调查螨虫数量。分别计算施药前后螨虫数量的存活率、减退率,与空白对照相对比,计算结果如表3,计算公式如下:
螨虫减退率=(施药前螨虫数-施药后螨虫存活数)/施药前螨虫数
螨虫防效=(施药区螨虫减退率-对照区螨虫减退率)/(100-空白区螨虫减退率)
表3原药可湿性粉剂防治玉米红斑二螨的田间药效试验
由表3可看出,本发明组合实施例11-15生态杀虫剂稀释500倍对红斑二螨的防治效果2天可达84%以上,5天可达86%以上,10天可达90%以上;本发明组合实施例6-10生态杀虫剂稀释1000倍对红斑二螨的防治效果,2天可达82.5%,5天可达85%,10天可达89%以上,且该杀虫剂施用期间,对玉米未产生不良影响。
实施例16:20%原药水分散颗粒
20g原药、10g烷基苯磺酸钠、2g木质素磺酸盐、5g皂角粉、8g碳酸氢钠,8g海藻酸钠、7g抗坏血酸、加入白炭黑补足100g。
实施例17:22%原药水分散颗粒
22g原药、12g烷基苯磺酸钠、2g木质素磺酸盐、5g皂角粉、8g碳酸氢钠,8g海藻酸钠、7g抗坏血酸、加入白炭黑补足100g。
实施例18:25%原药水分散颗粒
25g原药、14g烷基苯磺酸钠、2g木质素磺酸盐、5g皂角粉、8g碳酸氢钠,8g海藻酸钠、7g抗坏血酸、加入白炭黑补足100g。
实施例19:28%原药水分散颗粒
28g原药、16g烷基苯磺酸钠、2g木质素磺酸盐、5g皂角粉、8g碳酸氢钠,8g海藻酸钠、7g抗坏血酸、加入白炭黑补足100g。
实施例19:28%原药水分散颗粒
28g原药、18g烷基苯磺酸钠、2g木质素磺酸盐、5g皂角粉、8g碳酸氢钠,8g海藻酸钠、7g抗坏血酸、加入白炭黑补足100g。
实施例20:30%原药水分散颗粒
30g原药、20g烷基苯磺酸钠、2g木质素磺酸盐、5g皂角粉、8g碳酸氢钠,8g海藻酸钠、7g抗坏血酸、加入白炭黑补足100g。
根据实施例15-20的配方,将各组分于反应釜中混合均匀,制得生态杀虫剂成品于2019年进行田间小试。
供试作物:小麦
实验设计及方法:设置空白对照组一个,实验组每个重复面积10m2,均随机排列,实验区内所有小区的栽培条件及树木生长状况均一致。用供试药品稀释至250、500、1000倍液进行叶面喷雾,并分别于2、5、10天后调查螨虫数量。分别计算施药前后螨虫数量的存活率、减退率,与空白对照相对比,计算结果如表4,计算公式如下:
螨虫减退率=(施药前螨虫数-施药后螨虫存活数)/施药前螨虫数
螨虫防效=(施药区螨虫减退率-对照区螨虫减退率)/(100-空白区螨虫减退率)
表4原药可湿性粉剂防治小麦螨虫的田间药效试验
由表4可看出,本发明组合实施例16-20生态杀虫剂稀释500倍对小麦螨虫的防治效果2天可达89%以上,5天可达92%以上,10天可达94%以上;本发明组合实施例6-10生态杀虫剂稀释1000倍对小麦螨虫的防治效果,2天可达88%,5天可达90%,10天可达93%以上,且该杀虫剂施用期间,对山楂树未产生不良影响。
尽管已经用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明,但是意识到,在不背离本发明的精神和范围条件下可以做出许多修改,故,在所述权利要求内进行的修改均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种生态杀虫剂,其特征在于,按照重量百分比,其组分包括:
原药20-30%、溶剂或填料10-20%、助剂30-90%;所述原药成分包括:薄荷、虎皮兰、迭迭香、苦皮藤。
2.如权利要求1所述的生态杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述原药成分按质量比为薄荷:虎皮兰:迭迭香:苦皮藤=1:2-2.5:2-2.5:4-5。
3.如权利要求1所述的生态杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述溶剂为生物油冷凝液,所述生物油冷凝液为生物质高温热解所得生物油再经蒸馏冷凝后得到的,所述高温热解温度为500-800℃。
4.如权利要求3所述的生态杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述蒸馏冷凝具体为控制蒸馏压力为650-750pa,收集生物质在45—120℃下所得的馏分并冷凝至30-35℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的生态杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述填料为白炭黑、陶土、硅藻土中一种或几种的混合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的生态杀虫剂,其特征在于,所述助剂包括表面活性剂、增效剂、乳化剂、防冻剂、分散剂、湿润剂、增滑剂、粘结剂、紫外光保护剂中的一种或几种。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一所述的生态杀虫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将薄荷叶、虎皮兰根、迭迭香花和叶、苦皮腾种子分别于60-70℃烘干至恒重,粉碎过80目筛,备用;
2)将经过步骤(1)处理后的原药按质量比薄荷、虎皮兰、迭迭香、苦皮藤=1:2-2.5:2-2.5:4-5混合,搅拌均匀制成原药;
3)将所得原药均匀分散在溶剂或填料中,并根据需要加入助剂即可。
8.一种根据权利要求1-6任一所述的生态杀虫剂的制剂,其特征在于所述制剂为水乳剂、乳油、可湿性粉剂或水分散颗粒。
9.根据权利要求8所述的生态杀虫剂的制剂,其特征在于:
当所述制剂为水乳剂时,其组分按重量百分比主要包括:原药20-30%、生物油冷凝液15-25%、表面活性剂10-20%,增效剂1-10%,防冻剂0.5-8%,紫外光保护剂0.5-10%,去离子水10-92%;
当所述制剂为乳油时,其组分按重量百分比主要包括:原药20-30%、生物油冷凝液10-90%、表面活性剂10-20%,增效剂1-10%,紫外光保护剂0.5-10%;
当所述制剂为可湿性粉剂时,其组分按重量百分比主要包括:原药20-30%、表面活性剂10-20%,增效剂1-10%,分散剂5-12%,紫外光保护剂0.5-10%,填料15-85%;
当所述制剂为水分散颗粒时,其组分按重量百分比主要包括:原药20-30%、表面活性剂10-20%、分散剂1-10%、湿润剂5-8%、崩解剂0.2-10%、粘结剂0.2-12%、紫外光保护剂0.5-10%、填料10-85%。
10.一种根据权利要求1-6任一所述的生态杀虫剂的应用,其特征在于所述生态杀虫剂在防治植物螨虫中的应用。
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