CN113480334A - Preparation method of conductive material and coating for induction heating of ceramic substrate - Google Patents
Preparation method of conductive material and coating for induction heating of ceramic substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113480334A CN113480334A CN202110756476.8A CN202110756476A CN113480334A CN 113480334 A CN113480334 A CN 113480334A CN 202110756476 A CN202110756476 A CN 202110756476A CN 113480334 A CN113480334 A CN 113480334A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/18—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing free metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate and a preparation method of a coating, wherein the conductive material comprises silver powder, a fluxing agent and varnish, and the varnish is a mixture containing a butyl acrylate compound or copolymer, a plasticizer and an aromatic solvent. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, before the conductive material is heated to form the coating on the surface of the ceramic substrate, the paste conductive material can be electrically insulated or have very low conductivity, but after the paste conductive material is heated and deposited on the surface of the ceramic substrate, a conductive layer with good conductivity can be generated, and the paste conductive material can be used for induction heating, and is lower in cost and more economical and practical.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of conductive materials, and particularly relates to a conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate and a preparation method of a coating.
Background
Currently, surface engineering has become one option for material engineering and processing. Glazes are glass coatings applied in the form of glass powder, and the heating process converts this fine powder, which adheres to the surface, into a molten glass film of a given color. Glazes have been used on porcelain for centuries. The glaze acts as a coating, and when set, the film transforms into reflective colored glass, providing other advantages in addition to aesthetic value. The glazed coating consists of mineral glass, which is relatively inert to the environment, thus increasing the lifetime of the substrate. In addition, the glazed coating may also be used for heating purposes. Induction heating, a useful and widely used technique, has become a recent trend for cooking or reheating purposes. The induction heating generally adopts a medium-frequency (20-45 kHz) spiral induction coil, and the cooling is continuously carried out through forced circulation cooling. In this type of system, the container in which the food is placed can be heated directly by means of induced currents, and therefore conductors with suitable electrical properties and dimensions are required for achieving induction heating. However, the conductive material applied to induction heating of the ceramic substrate at present has high cost or limited conductivity, and is difficult to meet the requirements of the common public.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention discloses a conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate and a preparation method of a coating.
In contrast, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate comprises silver powder, a flux and varnish, wherein the varnish is a mixture containing a butyl acrylate compound or copolymer, a plasticizer and an aromatic solvent. Wherein the conductive material for induction heating of the ceramic substrate is in a paste state.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mixture of the fluxing agent of the glass powder and the silver powder is used for manufacturing the conductive material, the conductive material is mixed in an organic solvent to form a self-adhesive, flexible and transfer layer, the self-adhesive, flexible and transfer layer can be covered on a lining paper consisting of a release layer and a transmission layer, after the mechanical varnish is added, a film for generating a transfer layer with uniform thickness can be manufactured, the integral proportion of silver in the fluxing agent and the varnish reaches 35-40%, after roasting, the film becomes a glaze, the film shows a glass glossy surface when cooled, contains silver particles and has conductivity.
As a further improvement of the invention, the ink mixing oil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-75% of butyl acrylate compound or copolymer, 8-10% of plasticizer and 15-20% of aromatic solvent.
As a further improvement of the invention, the butyl acrylate compound or copolymer comprises at least one of isobutyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate-MMA copolymer.
As a further improvement of the invention, the plasticizer is a cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid compound, a dibenzoate compound or a semicarbazide compound. Further preferably, the cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid compound comprises diisopropyl ester of 1, 2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid.
Further preferably, the plasticizer comprises at least one of a carbamate plasticizer or diisopropyl 1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
As a further improvement of the invention, the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is one or a mixture of two or more of toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, tetralin and cumene.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fluxing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 6-55%,Al2O3 1-12%,B2O316 to 35 percent. As a further improvement of the invention, the fluxing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 6-55%,Bi2O3 42-45%,Al2O3 1-12% ,B2O316-35%, ZnO 20-45%, and other metal oxide 1-12%, wherein the other metal oxide comprises Li2O、Na2O、K2O、SnO2、ZrO 2At least one of BaO and CaO.
The fluxing agent adopting the technical scheme has low thermal expansion coefficient, does not increase the maturation temperature of enamel, and is convenient to use.
As a further improvement of the invention, the thermal expansion coefficient of the flux after firing is 4.0 to 7.0X 10-6V. C. By adopting the technical scheme, the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic glaze is small, and the ceramic glaze is suitable for the surfaces of lead-free and cadmium-free glaze surfaces.
As a further improvement of the invention, the thermal expansion coefficient of the fluxing agent is between 5.0 and 5.06.0×10-6In the range of/° c, the swelling-measured softening temperature is in the range of 400 to 600 ℃.
Further, the flux may be obtained by mixing the materials together, charging the material mixture into a glass furnace through a sufficiently high temperature to produce molten glass, and then cooling the glass by pouring it into water or rolling it through water. It is preferred to carry out the melting and sintering operations in an oxidizing atmosphere or to add oxygen-rich components to the molten and melted mixture. The frit may be ground to a powder using conventional grinding techniques.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the fluxing agents, glass compositions must mature at a temperature below the melting temperature of the glaze on the ceramic article to which they are to be applied, or produce a smooth continuous surface. Typically, the glass composition will melt at a temperature below 1150 ℃, preferably at a temperature of 900-1100 ℃.
As a further improvement of the invention, the silver powder in the conductive material has a bulk density of 2-5 g/ml. Further preferably, in the conductive material, the silver powder has a bulk density of 3 g/ml.
As a further improvement of the invention, the silver powder has a particle size distribution ranging between 0.1 and 2.9 μm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the silver powder has an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 2 μm. Further preferably, the silver powder has an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm. Further preferably, the size distribution of the silver powder is D10-0.1, D50-0.95, D90-2.5 and D97-3.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the coating for induction heating of the ceramic substrate, which comprises the following steps: the conductive material for induction heating of the ceramic substrate is coated on the substrate by adopting a screen printing mode and is deposited on the surface of the substrate at the temperature of 780-840 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, before the conductive material is heated to form the coating on the surface of the ceramic substrate, the paste conductive material can be electrically insulated or have very low conductivity, but after the paste conductive material is heated and deposited on the surface of the ceramic substrate, a conductive layer with good conductivity can be generated, and the paste conductive material can be used for induction heating, and is lower in cost and more economical and practical.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
A conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate comprises silver powder, a flux and varnish, wherein the varnish is a mixture containing a butyl acrylate compound or copolymer, a plasticizer and an aromatic solvent. The ink mixing oil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-75% of butyl acrylate compound or copolymer, 8-10% of plasticizer and 15-20% of aromatic solvent. The butyl acrylate compound or the copolymer comprises at least one of isobutyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate-MMA copolymer. The plasticizer is diisopropyl 1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, dibenzoate compounds or semicarbazide compounds. The aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is one or a mixture of more than two of toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, tetralin and cumene.
Of the above-mentioned conductive materials, a mixture of a flux used as glass frit and silver powder is used to produce these conductive coatings, which are mixed in an organic solvent to form a self-adhesive, flexible, transfer layer, which is covered on an interleaf paper composed of a release layer and a transfer layer. The glass frit, known as flux, is composed mainly of oxides of barium, aluminum, silicon, lithium and sodium. The silver powder has a particle size distribution in the range of 0.1 to 2.9 μm. The powder is mixed with flux to form a paste, which may be in a proportion of 70% silver to 30% flux by weight. Organic varnish is added to the paste to produce an ink for producing a transfer layer of uniform thickness. The silver powder is included in a flux and varnish in such a way that the overall proportion of silver is 35-40%, and after firing, the film exhibits a glass-glossy surface when cooled, containing silver particles.
The fluxing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 6-55%,Bi2O3 42-45%,Al2O3 1-12% ,B2O316-35%, ZnO 20-45%, and other metal oxide 1-12%, wherein the other metal oxide comprises Li2O、Na2O、K2O、SnO2、ZrO 2At least one of BaO and CaO. The flux of the above composition provides a low coefficient of thermal expansion flux that can be used to make a flux suitable for enamel and also for ceramic tableware decoration without increasing the maturation temperature of the enamel.
In addition, the above flux composition has a low coefficient of thermal expansion on glaze, is suitable for a lead-free and cadmium-free glaze surface, and has a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 4.0 to 7.0X 10-6V. C. Further, the coefficient of thermal expansion is in the range of 5.0 to 6.0X 10-6/DEG C, and the softening temperature by expansion measurement is in the range of 400 to 600 ℃.
The flux may be formed by mixing the materials together, charging the mixture of materials into a glass furnace through a sufficiently high temperature to produce molten glass, and then cooling the glass by pouring it into water or rolling it through water. It may be preferred to carry out the melting and sintering operations in an oxidizing atmosphere, or to add oxygen-rich components to the molten and melted mixture. The frit may be ground to a powder using conventional grinding techniques. Further, the flux is preferably used in combination with silver powder on a ceramic material, particularly a low-expansion porcelain.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that glass compositions, when used as fluxing agents, must mature at temperatures below the melting temperature of the glaze on the ceramic articles to which they are to be applied, or produce a smooth, continuous surface. Typically, the above-mentioned fluxing agent will melt at a temperature below 1150 ℃, preferably at a temperature of 900-1100 ℃.
In order to produce conductive inks suitable for screen printing, the composition for decoration additionally contains organic varnish.
The heating plate is composed of a magnetic induction coil operating at an intermediate frequency of 20 to 45 kHz. The transferred film after sintering at about 820 ℃ on the surface of the hot plate yielded a thickness of about 15 +/-3 μm. These initially deposited fired layers were tested for heating performance on a induction plate. The ceramic plate had a diameter of 140 mm and a thickness of 5 mm. It is placed on the sensing plate so that the film is facing upwards. This gives that the coupling distance between the film and the induction coil used under practical conditions (about 11 mm) is the same as the distance between the heating coil and the film. The heating plate may measure the surface temperature using thermocouples connected at equal distances.
The silver powder used for the conductive material was a high purity (> 99.9%) chemically precipitated spherical silver powder. The particle size distribution of the silver powder was D90 (< 2.5 microns), D50 (< 0.95 microns), D10 (< 0.1 microns). The particle diameter refers to the average diameter of the metal particles as determined by TEM (transmission electron microscope) or other suitable method. The conductivity of the end conductive member formed using the paste conductive material varies depending on the intended use. The paste conductive material may be formed using any suitable mixing technique, and the silver powder, ceramic flux, and varnish may be mixed in any order or simultaneously.
The paste conductive material herein may be used to form conductive features on a substrate, such as depositing the paste conductive material onto a substrate and heating the deposited composition to about 580 ℃ and 820 ℃ for a glass substrate for a ceramic substrate to form conductive features on the substrate. Among the deposition methods, screen printing has proven to be a useful technique for application on glass or ceramic substrates. The thickness of the deposit deposition ranges from about 5 nm to about 10 nm. After deposition, the deposited composition was heated to 820 ℃ over a 1 hour heating period and incubated on the ceramic for 10-15 minutes. The deposited paste layer may be electrically insulating or have very low electrical conductivity prior to heating, but heating produces an electrically conductive layer.
The following examples are further illustrated.
Example 1
The transfer printing varnish suitable for the conductive material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
diisopropyl 1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid DINCH/BASF, 9%,
based on isobutyl methacrylate deglan 5402L/rohem, 74%,
tetralin/COGNIS solvent, 17%,
the boiling point of the tetralin/COGNIS solvent is 200-209 ℃.
The above ingredients were mixed by passing the raw materials through a dissolver within 30 minutes without cooling.
Example 2
The varnish for the conductive material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
carbamate plasticizer Resamin 480/ALLNEX, 8%,
based on butyl methacrylate-MMA copolymer WS 7072/Mitsubishi chemical, 70%,
mesitylene solvent/EXXON, 22%,
the boiling point of mesitylene solvent/EXXON is 166 ℃.
The above ingredients were mixed by passing the raw materials through a dissolver within 30 minutes without cooling.
Example 3
Preparation of fluxing agent for ceramic application
The flux was made by melting a mixture of the following materials at 1400 deg.f and casting the resulting glass frit in water: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
SiO2 - 33.9%
Bi2 O3 - 42.0%
B2 O3 – 16.7%
Al2 O3 - 7.4%
the coarse frit is ground to a particle size distribution of 90% less than 16 microns.
The Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the fusion rod of the flux frit was measured to be 5.3X 10-6 /℃ (25°-500℃)。
Example 4
Preparation of a second fluxing agent for ceramic applications
The flux was made by melting a mixture of the following materials at 1400 deg.f and casting the resulting glass frit in water: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Na2O – 2.0%
K2O – 3.0%
SiO2 – 52.6%
Li2O – 4.6%
SnO2 – 2.5%
B2 O3 – 20.3%
Al2 O3 - 9.0%
ZrO2 - 3%
BaO – 2%
CaO - 1%
the coarse frit was ground to a particle size distribution of 90% less than 14 microns. The Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the fusion rod of flux frit was measured to be 6.1X 10-6/deg.C (25 deg. -500 deg.C).
Example 5
Preparation of a third fluxing agent for ceramic applications.
The flux was made by melting a mixture of the following materials at 1400 deg.f and casting the resulting glass frit in water: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
ZnO – 45.0%
K2O – 3.0%
SiO2 – 6.7%
SnO2 – 2.0%
B2 O3 – 34.2%
Al2 O3 - 1.1%
ZrO2 - 3%
BaO – 2%
CaO - 3%
the coarse frit was ground to a particle size distribution of 90% less than 15 microns and the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the fusion rod of the flux frit was measured to be 6.7X 10-6 /℃ (25°-500℃)。
Silver powder and glass frit ratios were used in a weight ratio of 4-5:1, and silver pastes were prepared using varnish.
The proportion of the silver paste to the ink mixing oil is selected to be 10: 7 (cream: varnish).
Depositing the ceramic base material by screen printing, and firing the ceramic base material on the porcelain at a heating rate of 13 ℃/min to 820 ℃ for 10-15 min.
To produce the varnish, the raw materials were mixed by a dissolver within 30 minutes without cooling.
Example 6
The conductive material is printed onto the ceramic substrate.
4 g of silver powder was mixed with 1 g of flux (example 3) and 5g of varnish (example 1) was added to the powder mixture. The mixture was stirred and homogenized on a three-roll mill. The paste was printed on a ceramic transfer paper by using a 300 mesh screen, and after subsequent drying, a layer of cover oil was printed thereon using a 80 mesh screen.
After drying, the decals were manually peeled from the paper, soaked in a water mixture for more than 1 minute, and then applied to a ceramic pan with a 65 shore hardness spatula to remove the underlying traces.
After complete drying, the silver paste is baked on the ceramic substrate for 800 ℃ (heating time: 1 hour; holding time: 10-15 minutes)
Example 7
The conductive material is printed onto the ceramic substrate.
4 grams of silver powder was mixed with 1 gram of flux (example 4 or example 5) and 5 grams of varnish (example 2) was added to the powder mixture. The mixture was stirred and homogenized on a three-roll mill.
The paste was printed on a ceramic transfer paper by using a 300 mesh screen, and after subsequent drying, a layer of cover oil was printed thereon using a 80 mesh screen.
After drying, the decals were manually peeled from the paper, soaked in a water mixture for more than 1 minute, and then applied to a ceramic pan with a 65 shore hardness spatula to remove the underlying traces.
After complete drying, the silver paste is baked on the ceramic substrate for 800 ℃ (heating time: 1 hour; holding time: 10-15 minutes)
Example 8
And (3) conductivity measurement:
conductivity was measured using a 4-probe technique.
Both membranes (examples 6 and 7) showed 2.2-3.0X 104 Conductivity of S/cm.
A silver conductive paste described in comparative US7198736 and reported to have a resistivity of not more than 5X 10-5Ohm cm, which means that our electrical conductivity has better conductivity properties than the comparative example.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electrically conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate, characterized by: the ink-regulating agent comprises silver powder, a fluxing agent and ink-regulating oil, wherein the ink-regulating oil is a mixture containing a butyl acrylate compound or copolymer, a plasticizer and an aromatic solvent.
2. The conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ink mixing oil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-75% of butyl acrylate compound or copolymer, 8-10% of plasticizer and 15-20% of aromatic solvent.
3. The conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: the butyl acrylate compound or the copolymer comprises at least one of isobutyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate-MMA copolymer.
4. The conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that: the plasticizer is a cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid compound, a dibenzoate compound or a semicarbazide compound.
5. The conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that: the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is one or a mixture of more than two of toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, tetralin and cumene.
6. The conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fluxing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 6-55%,Al2O3 1-12%,B2O316 to 35 percent; the thermal expansion coefficient of the flux after firing is 4.0 to 7.0 x 10-6/DEG C.
7. The conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate according to claim 6, wherein: the fluxing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 6-55%,Bi2O3 42-45%,Al2O3 1-12% ,B2O316-35%, ZnO 20-45%, and other metal oxide 1-12%, wherein the other metal oxide comprises Li2O、Na2O、K2O、SnO2、ZrO 2At least one of BaO and CaO; the thermal expansion coefficient of the flux after firing is 4.0 to 7.0 x 10-6/DEG C.
8. The conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: in the conductive material, the volume density of the silver powder is 2-5g/ml, and the average particle size of the silver powder is 0.5-2 microns.
9. The conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate according to claim 8, wherein: the average grain diameter of the silver powder is 1.0 micron, and the size distribution of the silver powder is D10-0.1, D50-0.95, D90-2.5 and D97-3.3.
10. A method for preparing a coating for induction heating of a ceramic substrate, comprising: the conductive material for induction heating of a ceramic substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is applied to the substrate by screen printing at a temperature of 780 ℃ to 840 ℃ and deposited on the surface of the substrate.
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5718946A (en) * | 1994-02-11 | 1998-02-17 | F. Deshoulieres (S.A.) | Induction heating substrate for ceramic or vitreous ceramic receptacles |
CN103232748A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-08-07 | 深圳市永丰源瓷业有限公司 | Thixotropic screen printing varnish and preparation method thereof |
US20160194764A1 (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2016-07-07 | Gordhanbhai Patel | Fast and economical methods andapparatusfor manufacturing glass lined metal objects by inductionheating |
CN106560898A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-04-12 | 福建省德化县华达陶瓷有限公司 | Silver paste and preparation technology and application therefor |
CN111489848A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-04 | 上海宝银电子材料有限公司 | Conductive silver paste for ceramic filter and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-07-05 CN CN202110756476.8A patent/CN113480334A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5718946A (en) * | 1994-02-11 | 1998-02-17 | F. Deshoulieres (S.A.) | Induction heating substrate for ceramic or vitreous ceramic receptacles |
CN103232748A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-08-07 | 深圳市永丰源瓷业有限公司 | Thixotropic screen printing varnish and preparation method thereof |
US20160194764A1 (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2016-07-07 | Gordhanbhai Patel | Fast and economical methods andapparatusfor manufacturing glass lined metal objects by inductionheating |
CN106560898A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-04-12 | 福建省德化县华达陶瓷有限公司 | Silver paste and preparation technology and application therefor |
CN111489848A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-04 | 上海宝银电子材料有限公司 | Conductive silver paste for ceramic filter and preparation method thereof |
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