CN113451624A - Safety design method for hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory - Google Patents
Safety design method for hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory Download PDFInfo
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- CN113451624A CN113451624A CN202110715932.4A CN202110715932A CN113451624A CN 113451624 A CN113451624 A CN 113451624A CN 202110715932 A CN202110715932 A CN 202110715932A CN 113451624 A CN113451624 A CN 113451624A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010017472 Fumbling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04671—Failure or abnormal function of the individual fuel cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04447—Concentration; Density of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a safety design method for a hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory, which comprises a leakage prevention and control method, a leakage detection method and a leakage disposal method; the leakage prevention and control method is used for reducing hydrogen leakage from the source; the leakage detection method is used for detecting the leakage amount of hydrogen in the space; the leakage disposal method is used for emergency treatment when hydrogen leakage occurs. The invention has the beneficial effects that: a design method of a test room of the driving range of a hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile is considered from multiple levels of leakage prevention, detection enhancement, aggregation prevention, flame prevention, damage reduction and the like, and the risk of the test can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cell automobile testing, and particularly relates to a safety design method for a hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory.
Background
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, China already uses fuel cell automobiles as an important direction for future development, and all large automobile manufacturers and manufacturers of parts and components are sequentially invested in large quantities of manpower and material resources for research and development and evaluation. Meanwhile, a large amount of experimental equipment is input into the laboratory, and hydrogen must be used when the fuel cell automobile and parts are subjected to operation, so that the construction of the national standard laboratory must be met in the aspects of transportation and safety protection of the hydrogen in the whole laboratory, and meanwhile, the safety operation of the hydrogen laboratory is realized at multiple angles such as prevention of a key test area to a certain extent, improvement of skills of testers and the like.
At present, various large detection institutions, large automobile factories and suppliers of fuel cell equipment in China actively create hydrogen-related safety laboratories at heavy cost, but because China develops fuel cell automobiles late, the laboratories are still in a fumbling state particularly in terms of construction. Advanced automobile enterprises such as Toyota automobile Co., Ltd, Korea modern automobile Co., Ltd, etc. abroad already master complete safety rules in terms of hydrogen-related safety, and no serious accident occurs at present. At present, most fuel cell laboratories in China are transformed based on the original laboratories, so that many safe prevention and protection measures are not in place, part of the reasons are related to the ultrahigh price of hydrogen materials, and part of the reasons are that no mature design scheme is provided for reference in China. While the development of fuel cell vehicles is carried out in China, a complete safety system and a corresponding construction scheme need to be established, the safety of testers is guaranteed, and the healthy development of the fuel cell vehicle industry is guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a safety design method for a hydrogen-fuel cell vehicle laboratory, which can greatly reduce the risk of the test in consideration of multiple levels of leakage prevention, detection enhancement, aggregation prevention, flame prevention, damage reduction, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a safety design method for a hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory comprises a leakage prevention and control method, a leakage detection method and a leakage disposal method;
the leakage prevention and control method is used for reducing hydrogen leakage from the source;
the leakage detection method is used for detecting the leakage amount of hydrogen in the space;
the leakage disposal method is used for emergency treatment when hydrogen leakage occurs.
Further, the leakage prevention and control method comprises the following steps:
a1, a pipeline joint of a test area for reducing a hydrogen channel;
a2, adopting a hydrogen embrittlement resistant material in a test area;
and A3, performing slope processing on the houses in the test area.
Further, the leak detection method includes:
b1, arranging a hydrogen concentration sensor in a hydrogen supply place, a hydrogen utilization place and a test room;
b2, setting a dangerous grade threshold of hydrogen concentration, and taking corresponding treatment measures when the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor in the B1 reaches the threshold.
Further, the processing means comprises:
detected hydrogen concentration reaches N1Alarming when the ppm is high, and reminding workers of coming treatment;
detected hydrogen concentration reachedN2Stopping the equipment when the ppm is reached;
detected hydrogen concentration reaches N3At ppm, the hydrogen supply operation was suspended over the entire test area.
Further, the leakage detection method further comprises the step of arranging a flame detector and a temperature detector in the test room, wherein the flame detector and the temperature detector are connected with the control unit, and when the flame or the temperature is detected to reach a set threshold value, the operation of the hydrogen supply pipeline is suspended through the controller.
Further, the leak handling method includes: a ventilation frequency adjusting mechanism is arranged, and a ventilation and air supply device of the laboratory is started according to the ventilation frequency adjusting mechanism by the hydrogen concentration sensor in B1.
Furthermore, the leakage disposal method also comprises the steps that a nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is arranged in the test room and is connected with the control unit, and when the flame detector and the temperature detector detect a fire, the nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is started through the control unit;
the nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is also provided with a manual starting switch.
Further, the method also comprises a safety guarantee method:
the nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is automatically supplemented with nitrogen, so that the nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is ensured to be in a full-load state;
monitoring the oxygen concentration in the test room in real time, and preventing the harm to the testers due to insufficient oxygen;
ensuring sufficient fire-fighting water.
A safety system of a hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile test room comprises a test room and a control unit, and further comprises a ventilation and air supply device, a flame detector, a temperature detector, an equipment abnormity warning sensor, a nitrogen automatic fire extinguisher and an oxygen sensor which are connected with the control unit;
still including external hydrogen supply device, hydrogen supply device provides hydrogen for the laboratory through supplying hydrogen pipeline, supplies to be provided with the control valve on the hydrogen pipeline, and the control valve is connected with the control unit.
Compared with the prior art, the safety design method for the hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the design method of the hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile driving range laboratory provided by the invention can greatly reduce the test risk by considering multiple levels of leakage prevention, strengthened detection, aggregation prevention, flame prevention, damage reduction and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a risk management measure for a fuel cell laboratory according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen-involved hub environment chamber of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
From the implementation of the protection rules, the protection rules are performed from several levels, such as building safety protection, laboratory safety protection, equipment safety protection, fire protection, and the like, and each corresponding measure is specifically described below:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hydrogen-related hub laboratory of the fuel cell vehicle is mainly divided into several areas, namely a hydrogen supply area, an operation area and a test testing area.
Hydrogen supply region:
the area is provided with an explosion-proof device and is subjected to air exhaust treatment. Since the laboratory was designed for gravimetric mileage measurements, this area was primarily supplied with hydrogen for testing. Before and after the test, the high-precision mass balance process is used for weighing.
An operation area:
the area can directly observe the running state of the fuel cell automobile and monitor the conditions of all safety devices. And the safety level is switched on and off through different set programs.
Test area of experiment:
the area is a core monitoring and operating area, and the safety design principle is fully utilized from the protection principle to install and protect the sensor. The typical treatment characteristics of this test area are the processing of tail discharge concentration, adopt underground installation and be equipped with the ventilation pipeline, can be timely with hydrogen discharge to can finish the processing very fast of the water that produces.
(1) Leakage prevention
-more stringent requirements are placed on hydrogen-involving materials to prevent hydrogen embrittlement;
-a pipe connection reducing the passage of hydrogen;
-slope treatment of the house;
(2) enhanced detection
-placing the hydrogen concentration sensor in a hydrogen supply site-hydrogen utilization site-laboratory in three locations;
the danger grades are classified, and different treatment measures can be taken after the hydrogen concentration alarm reaches three levels: firstly, an alarm is given when the hydrogen concentration of 400ppm is detected, manual processing is carried out, equipment is stopped when the leakage is detected to reach 1000ppm, and hydrogen supply is stopped in the whole test area when the detected concentration reaches 8000 ppm.
(3) Prevention of aggregation
The ventilation capacity of the test chamber is ensured, the ventilation equipment is required to be opened in the normal test process, and once the hydrogen concentration detector detects the concentration, the exhaust gas is directly exhausted to the outside from the ventilation capacity of 15 times per hour according to the ventilation capacity of the test chamber for 5 times per hour;
the air conditioner is used for sucking air, and the air is conveyed to the outside for temperature treatment and then conveyed to the ground for air supply. In order to prevent the air suction inlet from sucking the hydrogen in the room, the ladder treatment of the air suction inlet is carried out.
(4) Prevent from having flame
Because the flame is difficult to detect due to the difficulty in controlling the flame in hydrogen explosion, the flame detection in a test room can be enhanced, and a flame detector (ultraviolet ray) is arranged for cutting off the hydrogen supply;
-a temperature detector: water spraying and nitrogen charging are carried out at 70 ℃;
-an equipment anomaly warning sensor: the equipment is fully automatically operated, and if the equipment is changed into a manual mode, the staff operation is proved;
-nitrogen automatic fire extinguisher: automatic filling;
-an oxygen sensor: protecting the tester;
(5) mitigating injury
-automatic nitrogen charging;
the oxygen concentration is maintained, so that the oxygen shortage of the tester is prevented;
-sufficient fire-fighting water.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and method steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the examples have been described in a functional general in the foregoing description for the purpose of clearly illustrating the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed method and system may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above described division of elements is merely a logical division, and other divisions may be realized, for example, multiple elements or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. The units may or may not be physically separate, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A safety design method for a hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises a leakage prevention and control method, a leakage detection method and a leakage disposal method;
the leakage prevention and control method is used for reducing hydrogen leakage from the source;
the leakage detection method is used for detecting the leakage amount of hydrogen in the space;
the leakage disposal method is used for emergency treatment when hydrogen leakage occurs.
2. The safety design method for the hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leakage prevention and control method comprises:
a1, a pipeline joint of a test area for reducing a hydrogen channel;
a2, adopting a hydrogen embrittlement resistant material in a test area;
and A3, performing slope processing on the houses in the test area.
3. The safety design method for the hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leakage detection method comprises:
b1, arranging a hydrogen concentration sensor in a hydrogen supply place, a hydrogen utilization place and a test room;
b2, setting a dangerous grade threshold of hydrogen concentration, and taking corresponding treatment measures when the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor in the B1 reaches the threshold.
4. The safety design method for the hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory as claimed in claim 3, wherein the processing measures comprise:
detected hydrogen concentration reaches N1Alarming when the ppm is high, and reminding workers of coming treatment;
detected hydrogen concentration reaches N2Stopping the equipment when the ppm is reached;
detected hydrogen concentration reaches N3At ppm, the hydrogen supply operation was suspended over the entire test area.
5. The safety design method for the hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile test room as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leakage detection method further comprises the steps of arranging a flame detector and a temperature detector in the test room, wherein the flame detector and the temperature detector are connected with the control unit, and when the flame or the temperature is detected to reach a set threshold value, the operation of the hydrogen supply pipeline is suspended through the controller.
6. The safety design method for the hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory, as recited in claim 3, wherein the leakage disposal method comprises: a ventilation frequency adjusting mechanism is arranged, and a ventilation and air supply device of the laboratory is started according to the ventilation frequency adjusting mechanism by the hydrogen concentration sensor in B1.
7. The safety design method for the hydrogen-involved fuel cell automobile test room as claimed in claim 6, wherein the leakage disposal method further comprises the steps of arranging a nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device in the test room, wherein the nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is connected with the control unit, and when a fire is detected by the flame detector and the temperature detector, the nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is started through the control unit;
the nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is also provided with a manual starting switch.
8. The safety design method for the hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory according to claim 6, characterized by further comprising a safety guarantee method:
the nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is automatically supplemented with nitrogen, so that the nitrogen automatic fire extinguishing device is ensured to be in a full-load state;
monitoring the oxygen concentration in the test room in real time, and preventing the harm to the testers due to insufficient oxygen;
ensuring sufficient fire-fighting water.
9. A safety system for a hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory based on the safety design method for the hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the device comprises a laboratory, a control unit, a ventilation and air supply device, a flame detector, a temperature detector, an equipment abnormity warning sensor, a nitrogen automatic fire extinguisher and an oxygen sensor, wherein the ventilation and air supply device, the flame detector, the temperature detector, the equipment abnormity warning sensor, the nitrogen automatic fire extinguisher and the oxygen sensor are connected with the control unit;
still including external hydrogen supply device, hydrogen supply device provides hydrogen for the laboratory through supplying hydrogen pipeline, supplies to be provided with the control valve on the hydrogen pipeline, and the control valve is connected with the control unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110715932.4A CN113451624A (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Safety design method for hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory |
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| CN202110715932.4A CN113451624A (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Safety design method for hydrogen-related fuel cell automobile laboratory |
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| CN114204078A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-18 | 上海凌逐新能源科技有限公司 | Safety system for wind tunnel type fuel cell environment cabin |
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Application publication date: 20210928 |
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