CN113410326B - Photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic glass window based on a planar waveguide, which is characterized in that: the solar photovoltaic device comprises a common window glass substrate layer for providing mechanical strength, an optical film layer for planar waveguide transmission and a photovoltaic cell for receiving sunlight to generate electricity, wherein the optical film layer covers the upper surface of the substrate layer, the optical film layer comprises a light guide layer and a buffer layer, the light guide layer is made of a hybrid material doped with a luminous body, the buffer layer is made of a hybrid material, the refractive index of the light guide layer is larger than that of the buffer layer, and the photovoltaic cell is arranged above or below or around the light guide layer; the advantages are that: the photovoltaic glass window takes common glass as a substrate, and the common glass is covered with the sunlight-emitting planar waveguide formed by the high-refractive-index light guide layer doped with the luminophor and the undoped low-refractive-index buffer layer, so that the light transmitted by the glass window can be absorbed in a large area to emit light, and scattered light with the emitted light frequency shifted downwards is transmitted to the photovoltaic cell at the edge by the waveguide to generate electricity, so that zero-energy building is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of luminescent solar concentrators, in particular to a photovoltaic glass window based on a planar waveguide.
Background
According to the sustainable development agenda of the united nations 2030, the main targets of the next fifteen years are: including taking emergency action against climate change, natural resources, production and consumption can be managed continuously to protect the earth from degradation. For this reason, the use of clean and sustainable energy is a key challenge. The European Union is promoting to build zero-energy buildings with energy resources more than consumption, and China also takes development of clean sustainable energy resources as one of national strategies.
Solar energy is one of renewable clean energy sources, and Photovoltaic (PV) technology can convert solar light energy into electrical energy. However, there is a mismatch between the absorption spectrum of the PV cell and the solar spectrum (ferrora R a S, coreia S F H, monguzzi a, et al Spectral converters for photovoltaics-white' S head, mate, today 2020, 33, 105-121.) resulting in a lower efficiency of the PV cell. To reduce this mismatch, luminescent solar concentrator (LSC, luminescent Solar Concentrator) materials are being developed to increase the efficiency of PV cells and to be applied to building facades and glazing to achieve zero energy construction, thus having a broad application market prospect. The development of high-performance LSC materials can greatly promote the development of China in the fields of green buildings and the like, and eliminate or reduce the requirements on fossil energy and environmental pollution.
The LSC is composed of a light emitter and an optical waveguide host material, and generally the light emitter is distributed in the optical waveguide host material, and solar cells are arranged at two ends of the host material, and solar light is transmitted to the solar cells at two ends through a light emitter complex after incident to generate electricity. Currently, the luminophores of LSC are lanthanide organic complexes such as Eu (TTA) 3 (TTPO) 2 (tta=trifluoroacetone, ttpo=triphenylphosphine oxide), [ Eu (Phen) ] 2 ]Cl 3 (phen=phenanthroline) or [ Tb (bpy) 2 ]Cl 3 (bpy=2, 2' -bipyridine) and the like (Wang tx, zhang J, ma W, et al Luminescent solar concentrator employing rare earth complex with zero self-absorption loss, sol. Energy. 2011, 85 (11), 2571-2579). Quantum dots such as CdS/CdSe, cdSe/CdPbS, pbS/CdS, cdSe/CdxZn1-xS, zn0.87Cd0.11Mn0.02Se/ZnS, etc. (Meinardi F, colombo A, velizhanin K A, et al, large-area luminescent solar concentrators based on Stokes-shift-engineered nanocrystals in a mass-polymerized PMMA matrix, nat. Photonics, 2014, 8 (5), 392-399; zhao H G, daniele B, lei J, et al, absorption Enhancement in "Giant" Core/alloy-Shell Quantum Dots for Luminescent Solar concentrator, 2016, 12, 5354-5365). Organic dyes such as Lumogen Violet/Yellow dyes, rhodamine, coumarin, and xylene (bisimide) derivatives, and the like (Kinderman R, slooff L H, burgers ar, et al, I-V performance and stability study of dyes for luminescent plate concentrates, j. Sol, energy trans, asme, 2007, 129 (3), 277-282; reisfeld R, eyal M, chemnyak V, et al Luminescent solar concentrators based on thin films of polymethylmethacrylate on a polymethylmethacrylate support, sol, energy mate, 1988, 17 (6), 439-455). Up-conversion materialSuch as lanthanide materials (Almeida R M, sousa N, rojas-Hernandez R E, et al Frequency conversion in lanthanide-dopped Sol-Gel derived materials for energy applications J. Sol-Gel Sci).& Technol. 2020, 95, 520-529.; Liang L L, Liu Y M, Zhao X Z, et al. Double-shell β-NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+/SiO2/TiO2 submicroplates as a scattering and upconverting layer for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49(38): 3958-3960.）。
The host material of the LSC is optical glass, organic glass PMMA or organic-inorganic hybrid material (Najafi S I, andrews M P, fardad M A, et al UV-ligh imprinted surface, ridge and buried sol-gel glass waveguides and devices on silicon, in Proc. Conf. Integrated Opt. Signal processing 1996, 2954, 100-104.; xu Zhenwu, scirpus, xu Jian, et al, anhydrous sol-gel method for preparing organic-inorganic hybrid optical waveguide films, silicate school report, 2011, 39, 606-610.). The optical glass can only be doped with metal ions, cannot be doped with metal organic complexes, organic dyes and the like, is high in cost, cannot be used in a large area, and is limited in application in the fields of construction and the like. Although organic glass PMMA can be doped with metal ion organic complex and organic dye, the organic glass PMMA has poor thermal/optical stability and is easy to photodegradation and degrade, the strength of the organic glass PMMA is reduced along with the increase of the service time, and hidden danger exists in the application fields such as buildings and the like. The hybrid material can be doped with inorganic and organic luminophors due to the characteristics of the inorganic network and the organic network structure, and the material is not easy to be degraded and degraded by light due to the fact that the structure contains Ti-O/Zr-O nano clusters and the like, so that the hybrid material has good stability. The LSC of the low-cost hybrid material absorbs sunlight to emit light, and can be concentrated to a high-price photovoltaic cell with a small area to generate electricity.
The glass window or the glass curtain wall is a component part of a modern building, a novel photovoltaic glass window capable of generating electricity is developed, a low-cost planar waveguide can be used for condensing light to a photovoltaic cell with a small area and high price, and the entering light energy flow density (namely light efficiency) is improved, so that the power conversion efficiency is improved; and secondly, a large occupied area is not needed for placing the photovoltaic cell panel. Therefore, the photovoltaic glass window can become a component part of zero building and has very wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a photovoltaic glass window based on a planar waveguide, wherein a substrate of the photovoltaic glass window has higher mechanical strength, and a light guide layer covered on the surface has the characteristics of wide absorption range, orange red light emission, wide half-width of light emission and the like, and can be transmitted to a photovoltaic cell through the waveguide to generate electricity so as to realize zero-energy building.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a photovoltaic glass window based on planar waveguide, includes the stratum basale that is used for providing mechanical strength, is used for the optical thin film layer of planar waveguide transmission and is used for receiving sunlight and generating electricity's photovoltaic cell, the optical thin film layer cover the upper surface of stratum basale, the optical thin film layer include light guide layer and buffer layer that sets gradually from top to bottom, light guide layer adopt the hybridization material that dopes the luminous body to make, the buffer layer adopt the hybridization material to make, just the refractive index of light guide layer be greater than the refractive index of buffer layer, photovoltaic cell set up the top or below or all around of light guide layer.
In some embodiments, the substrate layer is a conventional glazing. Therefore, the method has the advantages of convenience in material taking, high mechanical strength, good durability, low cost and the like.
In some embodiments, the light guiding layer is Ru (bpy) 3 2+ The light guide layer has a light emitting peak of 588-620nm, a half width of 90-120nm, a thickness of 10-200mm, and a refractive index of 1.4-1.6. The specific Ru (bpy) is selected 3 2+ The doped organic-inorganic hybrid optical material is manufactured into a light guide layer with specific thickness and refractive index, can absorb transmitted light in a large area to emit light, the scattered light with downward frequency of the emitted light is transmitted to the peripheral edge by a waveguide, is absorbed by a photovoltaic cell with high refractive index and generates electricity, the structure has thin thickness and low manufacturing cost,the light conduction effect is good, and the light conduction device is particularly suitable for zero-energy buildings.
In some embodiments, the buffer layer is a uniform film made of an organic-inorganic hybrid optical material based on an organosilicon polymer, the thickness of the buffer layer is 10-200mm, and the refractive index of the buffer layer is 1.4-1.6. The buffer layer with specific thickness and refractive index lower than that of the light guide layer is manufactured by selecting specific undoped organic-inorganic hybrid optical materials, so that the problem of light transmission caused by high refractive index of the substrate layer when the light guide layer is directly arranged on the substrate layer can be solved, and the buffer layer can improve the light conversion rate and the performance of the photovoltaic glass window.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cells are arranged horizontally, and are arranged on the peripheral edge part above the light guide layer or the peripheral edge part of the buffer layer. The photovoltaic cell can be arranged around the light guide layer in a small area, and the scattered light transmitted to the edge by the planar waveguide is absorbed, so that the effect is good and the attractiveness of the window glass is not affected.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cells are obliquely arranged at the peripheral edge part of the light guide layer, the height of the photovoltaic cells is consistent with the thickness of the light guide layer, and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic cells is 0-10 degrees. The photovoltaic cell is arranged in a mode which has a better effect.
In some embodiments, a metal reflective layer is disposed between the base layer and the buffer layer. Therefore, more incident light can be remained in the light guide layer for planar waveguide transmission, and the light conversion efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the preparation of the light guiding layer comprises the steps of:
(1) ru (bpy) luminous body 3 2+ An anhydrous alcohol solution wherein Ru (bpy) 3 2+ The concentration of (2) is 10-100g/L;
(2) preparing a hybrid material solution, and adding an alkoxide of Ti, zr or Mg into an organosilicon polymer to adjust the refractive index to set requirements, wherein the molar ratio of the alkoxide in the total solution is in the range of 0-40%;
(3) ru (bpy) as the luminophor obtained in step (1) 3 2+ Uniformly mixing the absolute alcohol solution and the hybrid material solution obtained in the step (2), wherein Ru (bpy) is mixed uniformly 3 2+ The weight percentage of the absolute alcohol solution is 0.01-10wt% of the hybrid material solution, and the light guide layer with high refractive index is prepared by a spin coating or lifting sol-gel method.
In some embodiments, the anhydrous alcoholic solution in step (1) is selected from the group consisting of anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous methanol, and anhydrous propanol; the organosilicon polymer in the step (2) is selected from any one or more than two of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane and 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane.
In some embodiments, the preparation of the buffer layer comprises the steps of: adding tetraethoxysilane into 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane or 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane or 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane, adjusting refractive index to set requirement, wherein the mol ratio of tetraethoxysilane in total solution is 0-40%, stirring, coating film, and placing into oven at 80-200 o And C, performing heat treatment to obtain the buffer layer with low refractive index.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) From the mechanical properties, the following are considered: the invention does not need to adopt optical glass or white glass (transition ion <0.1 mol%) as a substrate, thereby greatly reducing the cost; the invention uses the current window glass as the base, and the sol-gel film is spin-coated or pulled to manufacture the planar optical waveguide, thereby ensuring higher mechanical strength by the base layer, and the optical film only needs to be thin by one layer.
(2) From the optical performance point of view: the invention is composed of a light guiding layer and a buffer layer to be based on Ru (bpy) 3 2+ Doping (orOther illuminant ions but not limited to this) organic-inorganic hybrid optical material film is used as a light guide layer, a low refractive index hybrid material film is used as a buffer layer to jointly form a sunlight light-emitting planar waveguide, the sunlight light-emitting planar waveguide is deposited on a common window glass substrate, then a photovoltaic cell piece is attached to the edge position of the glass window, and Ru (bpy) is doped 3 2+ The light guide layer of the light guide layer can absorb the transmitted light of the glass window in a large area to emit light, and the scattered light with the frequency shifted downwards by the emitted light is transmitted to the photovoltaic cell at the edge by the waveguide, and is absorbed by the photovoltaic cell due to the high refractive index to generate electricity. Ru doped (bpy) 3 2+ The organic-inorganic hybrid material light guide layer can be photoluminescent under the excitation from ultraviolet to green light, the peak is located at 588-620nm, the half-width is 90-120nm, and the excitation from ultraviolet to green light can be realized. The structure can use the low-cost planar waveguide to concentrate light to the photovoltaic cell with small area and high price, and improves the density (namely the light efficiency) of the light energy flow entering the photovoltaic cell, thereby improving the power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell; and secondly, the photovoltaic cell panel is placed without huge occupied area, and the attractiveness of the window glass is not affected.
(3) The invention uses the luminous planar waveguide with the characteristics of wide absorption range, orange-red light emission and wider luminous half-width and common window glass as the basal layer to manufacture the photovoltaic solar cell glass window so as to realize zero-energy building, thereby having very wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic glazing according to an embodiment of the present invention based on planar waveguides;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic glazing according to another embodiment of the present invention based on planar waveguides;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is lambda ex Photoluminescence spectra of Ru complex doped hybrid material at 285 nm;
FIG. 6 is lambda ex =450nPhotoluminescence spectra of Ru complex doped hybrid materials under m conditions.
Wherein, the basal layer 10, the optical film layer 20, the light guide layer 21, the buffer layer 22, the photovoltaic cell 30, the metal reflecting layer 40, the arrow indicates the incident sunlight.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown, a planar waveguide-based photovoltaic glazing includes a substrate layer 10 for providing mechanical strength, an optical film layer 20 for planar waveguide transmission, and a photovoltaic cell 30 for receiving optical energy for power generation. The optical film layer 20 covers the upper surface of the substrate layer 10, wherein the optical film layer 20 includes a light guiding layer 21 and a buffer layer 22, which are sequentially disposed up and down, the light guiding layer 21 is made of a hybrid material doped with a light emitter, the buffer layer 22 is made of a hybrid material, the refractive index of the light guiding layer 21 is greater than that of the buffer layer 22, and the photovoltaic cell 30 is disposed above or below or around the light guiding layer 21.
In this embodiment, the base layer 10 is a common window glass.
Example two
The specific arrangement of the photovoltaic cell 30 is described in addition to the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cells 30 are horizontally arranged, and are arranged at the peripheral edge portion above the light guiding layer 21 or the peripheral edge portion of the buffer layer 22, and the thickness of the photovoltaic cells 30 is consistent with the thickness of the buffer layer 22 when arranged at the peripheral edge portion of the buffer layer 22. The light guide layer can absorb the transmitted light of the glass window in a large area to emit light, and the scattered light with the frequency shifted downwards is transmitted to the peripheral edge by the waveguide and then is absorbed by photovoltaic cells arranged above or below or around the light guide layer to generate power.
Example III
The photovoltaic glass window based on the planar waveguide according to the present embodiment is described in addition to the first embodiment, in which another structure of the photovoltaic cell 30 is described. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cells 30 are obliquely arranged at the peripheral edge of the light guiding layer 21, the height of the photovoltaic cells 30 is consistent with the thickness of the light guiding layer 21, and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic cells 30 is 0-10 °. The light guide layer can absorb the transmitted light of the glass window in a large area to emit light, and the scattered light with the frequency shifted downwards is transmitted to the peripheral edge by the waveguide and then is absorbed by the photovoltaic cells obliquely arranged on the periphery of the light guide layer to generate power, and the photovoltaic cells are obliquely arranged to be beneficial to the energy absorption transmitted by the optical waveguide.
Example IV
The photovoltaic glass window based on the planar waveguide according to the present embodiment is described in addition to the first embodiment, in which another structure of the photovoltaic cell 30 is described. In this embodiment, the light guiding layer 21 is Ru (bpy) 3 2+ The light-emitting peak of the light-guiding layer is 588-620nm, the half-width is 90-120nm, the thickness of the light-guiding layer is 10-200mm, and the refractive index of the light-guiding layer is 1.4-1.6.
In this embodiment, the buffer layer 22 is a uniform film made of an organic-inorganic hybrid optical material based on an organosilicon polymer, the thickness of the buffer layer 22 is 10-200mm, and the refractive index of the buffer layer 22 is 1.4-1.6.
Since the refractive index of the hybridization layer may be lower than that of common glass, the high refractive index light guide layer and the low refractive index buffer layer together form a sunlight emitting planar waveguide, which is deposited on the common window glass substrate, and the low refractive index buffer layer can better keep light in the light guide layer to form a luminous body Ru (bpy) 3 2+ And carrying out planar waveguide transmission.
Preferably, a metal reflective layer 40, such as a silver mirror layer made of silver material, is disposed between the base layer 10 and the buffer layer 22. Therefore, more incident light can be remained in the light guide layer for planar waveguide transmission.
Example five
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a photovoltaic glass window based on a planar waveguide, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of light guide layer
(1) Ru (bpy) luminous body 3 2+ Anhydrous alcohol solution: ru (bpy) 3 Cl 2 Dissolving in absolute ethanol, stirring to Ru (bpy) 3 Cl 2 Completely dissolve to obtain Ru (bpy) 3 2+ 10-100g/L of red transparent solution for standby;
(2) preparing a hybrid material solution: the catalyst Ba (OH) is added into 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH 550) without solvent 2 ·8H 2 O, after uniformly stirring, adding a small amount of diphenyl silicon glycol (DPSD) powder in batches to avoid self-agglomeration, stirring at room temperature until the DPSD is completely dissolved to obtain colorless clear solution with the DPSD concentration of 10-50 mol%, and then adding the solution into the solution at 60 o Heating and stirring under C for 1 hr, clarifying, and removing Ba (OH) 2 Filtering the catalyst by a needle filter or white sediment to obtain clear hybrid material sol for standby;
(3) taking a certain volume of hybrid material sol, and adding butyl titanate (TBT) (10-40 mol%) and Ru (bpy) 3 2+ Stirring the absolute ethanol solution (0.01-10wt% of sol) at room temperature, spin-coating or pulling the film, and stirring at 200 o And C, performing heat treatment for more than 2 hours to prepare the light guide layer with high refractive index.
2. Preparation of buffer layer
Adding tetraethoxysilane into 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane or 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane or 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane, adjusting refractive index to set requirement, wherein the mol ratio of tetraethoxysilane in total solution is 0-40%, stirring, coating film, and placing into oven at 80-200 o And C, performing heat treatment to obtain the buffer layer with low refractive index.
3. Preparation of photovoltaic glazing
And attaching the commercial photovoltaic cell to the corresponding position of the window glass according to the embodiment, and framing and packaging to obtain the photovoltaic glass window.
The Ru complex doped hybrid materials at different excitation wavelengths are shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6Wherein the abscissa indicates wavelength and the ordinate indicates intensity, ru (bpy) 3 2+ The weight percentages of (a) are respectively 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% of the luminescence spectrum. It can be seen that Ru (bpy) is doped in this embodiment 3 2+ The light guide layer of the hybrid material has an emission peak of 613nm, can be excited by ultraviolet light to green light and is prepared from Ru (bpy) 3 2+ The fluorescence intensity is maximum at 5% in terms of concentration, lambda from the excitation wavelength ex Fluorescence intensity was maximum at around 450 nm. Studies have shown that in other embodiments, ru (bpy) is doped 3 2+ The organic-inorganic hybrid material light guide layer of the fluorescent material can be photoluminescent under the excitation from ultraviolet to green light, and the fluorescent material can be excited from ultraviolet to green light according to the fact that different wave peaks of the ligand are located at 588-620nm and the half-width is 90-120 nm. The invention adopts Ru (bpy) doped 3 2+ The glass window of the organic-inorganic hybrid material light guide layer can absorb the transmitted light of the glass window in a large area to emit light, and the light frequency is downwards moved to the photovoltaic cell at the edge by the waveguide; meanwhile, the photovoltaic cell panel is placed without large occupied area, and the attractiveness of the window glass is not affected.
Example six
The rest of the present embodiment is the same as embodiment five, except that: in the preparation of the light guide layer, the step (2) of preparing the hybrid material solution adopts the following modes: adding butyl titanate (TBT) into methacrylic acid (MAA) according to the mol ratio of TBT to MAA=1:1-5, stirring for 1 hour at room temperature, adding 3- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane (KH 560), stirring uniformly, and then adding HNO 3 (1M) and deionized water, and stirring at the sealing room temperature for more than 24 hours to obtain a stable clear solution with the concentration ratio of KH560 to TBT=100:10-50 for later use.
Example seven
The rest of the present embodiment is the same as embodiment five, except that: in the preparation of the light guide layer, the step (2) of preparing the hybrid material solution adopts the following modes:adding TBT into MAA according to the molar ratio of TBT to MAA=1:1-5 without solvent, stirring for 1 hour at room temperature, adding 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH 570), stirring uniformly, and then adding HNO 3 (1M) and deionized water, and stirring at the sealed room temperature for more than 24 hours to obtain a stable clear solution with the concentration ratio of KH 570:TBT=100:10-50 for later use.
In other embodiments, the absolute alcoholic solution in step (1) may be selected from absolute ethanol, absolute methanol or absolute propanol; the organosilicon polymer in the step (2) may be selected from any one or a mixture of two or more of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH 550), 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH 560) and 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH 570).
It should be noted that the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and the present invention may also be modified by material and structure of the above-mentioned various components or by substitution of technical equivalents. Therefore, all equivalent structural changes made in the specification and the illustrated content of the present invention, or direct or indirect application to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The photovoltaic glass window based on the planar waveguide is characterized by comprising a substrate layer for providing mechanical strength, an optical film layer for transmitting the planar waveguide and a photovoltaic cell for receiving sunlight to generate electricity, wherein the optical film layer covers the upper surface of the substrate layer, the optical film layer consists of a light guide layer and a buffer layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the substrate layer adopts common window glass;
the light guide layer adopts Ru (bpy) 3 2+ The light guide layer has a light emitting peak of 588-620nm, a half width of 90-120nm, a thickness of 10-200mm, and a refractive index of 1.4-1.6;
the buffer layer is a uniform film prepared from an organic-inorganic hybrid optical material based on an organosilicon polymer, the thickness of the buffer layer is 10-200mm, and the refractive index of the buffer layer is 1.4-1.6; the refractive index of the light guide layer is larger than that of the buffer layer;
the photovoltaic cells are horizontally arranged and are arranged at the peripheral edge part above the light guide layer or the peripheral edge part of the buffer layer; or the photovoltaic cells are obliquely arranged at the peripheral edge part of the light guide layer, the height of the photovoltaic cells is consistent with the thickness of the light guide layer, and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic cells is 0-10 degrees.
2. A planar waveguide based photovoltaic glazing according to claim 1, wherein a metal reflective layer is provided between the substrate layer and the buffer layer.
3. The photovoltaic glazing of claim 1, wherein the preparation of the light guiding layer comprises the steps of:
(1) ru (bpy) luminous body 3 2+ An anhydrous alcohol solution wherein Ru (bpy) 3 2+ The concentration of (2) is 10-100g/L;
(2) preparing a hybrid material solution, and adding an alkoxide of Ti, zr or Mg into an organosilicon polymer to adjust the refractive index to set requirements, wherein the molar ratio of the alkoxide in the total solution is in the range of 0-40%;
(3) ru (bpy) as the luminophor obtained in step (1) 3 2+ Uniformly mixing the absolute alcohol solution and the hybrid material solution obtained in the step (2), wherein Ru (bpy) is mixed uniformly 3 2+ The weight percentage of the absolute alcohol solution is 0.01-10wt% of the hybrid material solution, and the light guide layer with high refractive index is prepared by a spin coating or lifting sol-gel method.
4. A planar waveguide based photovoltaic glazing according to claim 3, wherein the anhydrous alcoholic solution in step (1) is selected from the group consisting of anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous methanol and anhydrous propanol; the organosilicon polymer in the step (2) is selected from any one or more than two of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane and 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane.
5. The photovoltaic glazing of claim 1, wherein the preparation of the buffer layer comprises the steps of: adding tetraethoxysilane into 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane or 3- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane or 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane, adjusting the refractive index to set requirements, wherein the mol ratio of the tetraethoxysilane in the total solution is 0-40%, uniformly stirring, coating a film, and placing in an oven for heat treatment at 80-200 ℃ to obtain the buffer layer with low refractive index.
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