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CN113415815B - Method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate - Google Patents

Method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113415815B
CN113415815B CN202110915690.3A CN202110915690A CN113415815B CN 113415815 B CN113415815 B CN 113415815B CN 202110915690 A CN202110915690 A CN 202110915690A CN 113415815 B CN113415815 B CN 113415815B
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gas
solution
lithium
chloride
box body
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CN113415815A (en
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欧阳晓平
毛评生
毛亮程
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Hainan Walker New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/08Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate, which belongs to the technical field of light metal smelting and comprises the following steps: step S1, preprocessing a lithium-containing raw material to obtain a premix, step S2, processing volatile gas of the premix, step S3, recovering and dissolving the volatile gas to obtain a lithium-containing solution, step S4, performing ion exchange treatment on the lithium-containing solution by using ion exchange resin, desorbing by using a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a desorption solution, and step S5, carbonating and precipitating the desorption solution to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate product; compared with the limestone roasting method, the sulfuric acid method and the sulfate method in the prior art, the method has the advantages of short preparation flow, high production efficiency, wide application range, high product purity, energy conservation, emission reduction and the like, can industrially produce high-purity lithium carbonate products on a large scale, and realizes effective extraction and efficient utilization of lithium resources.

Description

Method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of light metal smelting, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate.
Background
Lithium is the lightest metal in nature, and mainly exists in two types in nature, one type exists in rock and ore in the form of lithium-containing ores such as spodumene, lepidolite, petalite and the like, and the other type exists in salt lake brine, underground brine and seawater in the form of lithium ions. Lithium has unique physicochemical properties such as high specific heat, high conductivity and strong chemical activity. At present, lithium is widely applied in the fields of aluminum lithium alloy, lithium battery, nuclear fusion and the like, and particularly applied in the aspect of lithium battery, which is called as the heart of a new energy automobile, so that the advantages of lithium resources are more and more prominent.
Lithium carbonate is the most important lithium salt in lithium compounds and is the main raw material for preparing other high-purity lithium compounds and lithium alloys. Lithium extraction is mainly used for preparing lithium carbonate by processing lithium-containing ores, and the technology for extracting lithium carbonate from salt lake brine is not completely mature. However, when different lithium-containing ores are processed, the processes for extracting lithium carbonate are different due to the large difference between the physicochemical properties and the impurity content. At present, the following 3 methods are mainly adopted: limestone roasting process, sulfuric acid process and sulfate process. The common defects of the methods are high energy consumption, more chemical raw materials consumption, serious pollution and non-conformity with the production concept of green and environmental protection. Therefore, it is needed to develop a simple, efficient, green and environment-friendly method for separating and extracting lithium and preparing lithium carbonate, which can be industrially carried out on a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate, which can be used for industrially producing lithium carbonate on a large scale, realizing effective extraction and efficient utilization of lithium resources and solving the problems of low production efficiency, high energy consumption and low product purity of lithium carbonate in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, pretreatment of lithium-containing raw materials: crushing a lithium-containing raw material into small blocks, adding the small blocks into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain powder particles, adding an auxiliary agent into the powder particles, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a premix;
step S2, premix volatilization treatment: adding the premix into a heating cavity of the rolling feeding device, and setting the heating temperature of the rolling feeding device to heat the premix and volatilize gas; the material rolling and feeding device is a material rolling and feeding device of a non-rotating heating cavity disclosed in the invention patent with the publication number of CN 107213983B;
step S3, gas recovery processing: collecting the gas volatilized in the step S2, introducing the gas into a spray recovery device, and performing recovery conversion treatment on the gas to dissolve the gas into spray liquid to obtain a lithium-containing solution;
step S4, ion exchange processing: pumping out the lithium-containing solution, adjusting the pH value to 1-5, then carrying out ion exchange by using ion exchange resin, and obtaining desorption solution after desorption treatment;
step S5, carbonation: and (4) carbonating the desorption solution, and centrifuging, filtering and drying to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate product.
Furthermore, the lithium-containing raw material is formed by mixing one or more of lepidolite, spodumene, lepidolite, phospholithite and petalite in any proportion, and the content of lithium oxide in the lithium-containing raw material is more than 2 percent.
Further, the particle size of the powder particles is 20-100 mesh.
Further, the auxiliary agent is a mixture of an oxide and a chloride, the oxide is formed by mixing one or more of sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in any proportion, and the addition amount of the oxide is 5-50% of the mass of the powder particles; the chloride is one or more of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ferric chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride which are mixed according to any proportion, and the addition amount of the chloride is 1-30% of the mass of the powder particles.
Further, the heating temperature in step S2 is 600-.
Further, the method for recovering and converting treatment comprises the following steps:
with gaseous through fan and the gas distribution pipe drum go into the gondola water faucet subassembly, gaseous gas hole through the gondola water faucet head enters into the otter board below uniformly, gas sees through the otter board upwards and enters into the activated carbon layer, metal chloride in the gas is adsorbed by the activated carbon, then pump the income through the water pump and spray liquid, spray liquid sprays the activated carbon layer through the atomizer in, spray liquid receives gravity whereabouts to dissolve absorbent metal chloride in the activated carbon, and take metal chloride out the activated carbon layer, the spray liquid that has dissolved metal chloride is after the filter screen gets rid of the foreign particle, continue to fall and collect in the liquid storage fill.
Further, the spray liquid is any one of a hydrochloric acid solution, a sodium chloride solution or a sulfuric acid solution, and the concentration of the spray liquid is 10% by mass.
Further, the ion exchange resin is any one of D201, D301, D314, D113, D630 and D231In one aspect, the ion exchange rate is 0.5-10m 3 /h。
Further, the desorption treatment is to desorb the ion exchange resin by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 3-30% so as to desorb the lithium ions adsorbed in the ion exchange resin.
And further, the carbonation treatment is to introduce carbon dioxide into the desorption solution or add carbonate solution, wherein the carbonate solution is one or a mixture of more of sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and magnesium carbonate solution, and the carbonate solution is saturated solution.
Has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the lithium-containing raw material is crushed and ball-milled and then is uniformly mixed with the auxiliary agent to prepare the premix, so that the contact area with the auxiliary agent is increased, the premix is very beneficial to heating and volatilizing gas in a rolling and feeding device, the gas volatilization efficiency is accelerated, the energy consumption cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved;
the volatile gas is blown into the spray recovery device, the volatile gas is dispersed into the box body uniformly through the dispersion of the gas distribution pipe and the shower head component, metal chloride in the gas is adsorbed and fixed by the activated carbon layer after penetrating through the screen plate, and then is wetted and dissolved by the uniformly sprayed spray liquid, so that the metal chloride can be completely contacted with the spray liquid, the recovery effect of metal ions is improved, the metal chloride is taken out of the activated carbon layer by the spray liquid in which the metal chloride is dissolved, impurity particles are removed through the filter screen, and then the metal chloride falls into the liquid storage hopper to be collected, and a lithium-containing solution is obtained;
compared with the limestone roasting method, the sulfuric acid method and the sulfate method in the prior art, the method has the characteristics of short preparation flow, high production efficiency, wide application range, high product purity, energy conservation, emission reduction and the like, can industrially produce high-purity lithium carbonate products on a large scale, and realizes effective extraction and efficient utilization of lithium resources.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing high purity lithium carbonate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the spray recovery device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top cross-sectional view of the scraping mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the showerhead assembly of the present invention.
In the drawings, the reference numbers indicate the following list of parts:
1. a box body; 101. a partition plate; 102. a base plate; 103. a screen plate; 2. a water pump; 3. an alkali suction box; 301. an exhaust port; 4. a liquid separating pipe; 5. a fan; 501. a gas distributing pipe; 502. a showerhead assembly; 5021. a connecting pipe; 5022. a shower head; 5023. air holes; 6. a dirt scraping mechanism; 601. mounting a plate; 602. a motor; 603. a drive bevel gear; 604. a driven bevel gear; 605. a screw; 606. a first slider; 607. a transmission case; 608. a slide bar; 609. a second slider; 610. a squeegee; 7. a filter screen; 8. a liquid storage hopper; 801. a liquid outlet valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate includes the following steps:
step S1, raw material pretreatment: crushing 10kg of lepidolite (the content of lithium oxide is 2.47 percent) into small pieces, adding the small pieces into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain powder particles with the granularity of 20 meshes, then adding 1 percent of sodium chloride and 5 percent of sodium oxide into the powder particles, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a premix;
step S2, premix volatilization treatment: adding the premix into a heating cavity of a rolling feeding device, setting the heating temperature of the rolling feeding device to be 600 ℃, and allowing the premix to stay in the rolling feeding device for 2 hours to be heated and volatilized to generate gas, wherein the volatilization time is 90 min;
step S3, gas recovery processing: collecting the gas volatilized in the step S2, introducing the gas into a spray recovery device, and performing recovery conversion treatment on the gas to dissolve the gas into a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 10% to obtain a lithium-containing solution;
step S4, ion exchange processing: the lithium-containing solution was pumped out and the pH was adjusted to 1, and then ion-exchanged using a D301 resin at an ion exchange rate of 5m 3 Desorbing by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 3% to obtain a desorption solution;
step S5, carbonation: and introducing carbon dioxide into the desorption solution until no precipitate is generated, and centrifuging, filtering and drying to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate product.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, a method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate includes the following steps:
step S1, raw material pretreatment: crushing 10kg of Jiangxi lepidolite (the content of lithium oxide is 3.08 percent) into small pieces, adding the small pieces into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain powder particles with the granularity of 60 meshes, then adding 5 percent of calcium chloride and 10 percent of sodium oxide into the powder particles, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a premix;
step S2, premix volatilization treatment: adding the premix into a heating cavity of a rolling feeding device, setting the heating temperature of the rolling feeding device to be 800 ℃, and keeping the premix in the rolling feeding device for 1.5 hours to heat and volatilize the premix for 60 min;
step S3, gas recovery processing: collecting the gas volatilized from the step S2, introducing the gas into a spray recovery device, and performing recovery conversion treatment on the gas to dissolve the gas into a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 10% to obtain a lithium-containing solution;
step S4, ion exchange processing: the lithium-containing solution was pumped out and the pH was adjusted to 2, and then ion-exchanged using a D201 resin at an ion exchange rate of 3m 3 Desorbing by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10% to obtain a desorption solution;
step S5, carbonation: and introducing carbon dioxide into the desorption solution until no precipitate is generated, and centrifuging, filtering and drying to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate product.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, a method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate includes the following steps:
step S1, raw material pretreatment: crushing 10kg of Jiangxi lepidolite (the content of lithium oxide is 3.18 percent) into small blocks, adding the small blocks into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain powder particles with the granularity of 40 meshes, then adding 10 percent of calcium chloride and 25 percent of sodium oxide into the powder particles, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a premix;
step S2, premix volatilization treatment: adding the premix into a heating cavity of a rolling feeding device, setting the heating temperature of the rolling feeding device to be 900 ℃, and allowing the premix to stay in the rolling feeding device for 1.5h to volatilize gas after being heated, wherein the volatilization time is 60 min;
step S3, gas recovery processing: collecting the gas volatilized from the step S2, introducing the gas into a spray recovery device, and performing recovery conversion treatment on the gas to dissolve the gas into a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 10% to obtain a lithium-containing solution;
step S4, ion exchange processing: pumping out the lithium-containing solution and conditioningAdjusting pH to 3, and performing ion exchange with D314 resin at an ion exchange rate of 6m 3 Desorbing by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 15% to obtain a desorption solution;
step S5, carbonation: and adding a saturated sodium carbonate solution into the desorption solution until no precipitate is generated, and centrifuging, filtering and drying to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate product.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 1, a method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate includes the following steps:
step S1, raw material pretreatment: crushing 10kg of Jiangxi lepidolite (the content of lithium oxide is 3.01 percent) into small blocks, adding the small blocks into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain powder particles with the granularity of 100 meshes, then adding 20 percent of potassium chloride and 40 percent of calcium oxide into the powder particles, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a premix;
step S2, premix volatilization treatment: adding the premix into a heating cavity of a rolling feeding device, setting the heating temperature of the rolling feeding device to be 1000 ℃, and keeping the premix in the rolling feeding device for 1h to heat and volatilize the premix for 45 min;
step S3, gas recovery processing: collecting the gas volatilized from the step S2, introducing the gas into a spray recovery device, and performing recovery conversion treatment on the gas to dissolve the gas into a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 10% to obtain a lithium-containing solution;
step S4, ion exchange processing: the lithium-containing solution was pumped out and the pH was adjusted to 4, and then ion-exchanged using a D113 resin at an ion exchange rate of 6m 3 Desorbing by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20% to obtain a desorption solution;
step S5, carbonation: and adding a saturated potassium carbonate solution into the desorption solution until no precipitate is generated, and centrifuging, filtering and drying to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate product.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 1, a method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate includes the following steps:
step S1, raw material pretreatment: crushing 10kg of lepidolite (the content of lithium oxide is 2.92 percent), adding the crushed lepidolite into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain powder particles with the granularity of 80 meshes, adding a mixture of 30 mass percent of sodium chloride and 30 mass percent of ferric chloride and 50 mass percent of magnesium oxide into the powder particles, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a premix;
step S2, premix volatilization treatment: adding the premix into a heating cavity of a rolling feeding device, setting the heating temperature of the rolling feeding device to be 1300 ℃, and keeping the premix in the rolling feeding device for 1h to heat and volatilize the premix for 30 min;
step S3, gas recovery processing: collecting the gas volatilized from the step S2, introducing the gas into a spray recovery device, and performing recovery conversion treatment on the gas to dissolve the gas into a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 10% to obtain a lithium-containing solution;
step S4, ion exchange processing: the lithium-containing solution was pumped out and the pH was adjusted to 5, and then ion-exchanged using a D231 resin at an ion exchange rate of 8m 3 Desorbing by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 30% to obtain a desorption solution;
step S5, carbonation: and adding a saturated magnesium carbonate solution into the desorption solution until no precipitate is generated, and centrifuging, filtering and drying to obtain a high-purity lithium carbonate product.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 2-4, the spray recovery device described in embodiments 1-5 includes a box 1, a partition plate 101 is fixed inside the box 1, a bottom plate 102 is disposed on one side of the partition plate 101, the periphery of the bottom plate 102 is fixedly connected to the partition plate 101 and the inner wall of the box 1, a space for containing spray liquid is defined by the partition plate 101, the inner wall of the box 1 and the upper side of the bottom plate 102, a mesh plate 103 is disposed on the other side of the partition plate 101, the periphery of the mesh plate 103 is fixedly connected to the partition plate 101 and the inner wall of the box 1, an activated carbon layer is disposed above the mesh plate 103, a liquid storage bucket 8 is fixed at the bottom end of the box 1, and a liquid outlet valve 801 is installed at the center of the bottom end of the liquid storage bucket 8;
a water pump 2 is arranged above the partition plate 101, the water pump 2 is fixedly connected with the top end of the box body 1, the water pump 2 is communicated with spaces on two sides of the partition plate 101 through a water pipe, the tail end of the water suction end of the water pump 2, which is connected with the water pipe, is positioned above the bottom plate 102, the tail end of the water discharge end of the water pump 2, which is connected with the water pipe, is communicated with a plurality of liquid distribution pipes 4, a plurality of spray nozzles are arranged below the liquid distribution pipes 4, and the spray nozzles are positioned above the activated carbon layer;
an alkali absorption box 3 is arranged above the liquid separation pipe 4, the inside of the alkali absorption box 3 is communicated with the inside of the box body 1, calcium hydroxide is arranged inside the alkali absorption box 3 and is used for absorbing part of acid gas, and an exhaust port 301 is arranged above the alkali absorption box 3 and can exhaust the treated gas;
a fan 5 is arranged below the bottom plate 102, the fan 5 is fixedly connected with the bottom end in the box body 1, an air outlet end of the fan 5 penetrates through the partition plate 101 and is communicated with a plurality of air distribution pipes 501, a plurality of shower head assemblies 502 are arranged above the air distribution pipes 501, and the air distribution pipes 501 and the shower head assemblies 502 are both positioned below the screen plate 103;
the shower head assembly 502 comprises a shower head 5022, a connecting pipe 5021 is arranged below the shower head 5022, the inside of the shower head 5022 is communicated with the gas distribution pipe 501 through the connecting pipe 5021, and a plurality of uniformly distributed gas holes 5023 are formed in the top end of the shower head 5022;
a rectangular hole is formed in the bottom end of the box body 1, a filter screen 7 is installed in the rectangular hole, the filter screen 7 is located below the gas distribution pipe 501, and a dirt scraping mechanism 6 is installed between the filter screen 7 and the gas distribution pipe 501;
the dirt scraping mechanism 6 comprises two transmission boxes 607 oppositely arranged in the box body 1, sliding grooves are formed in opposite sides of the two transmission boxes 607, a screw 605 is arranged in one transmission box 607, a first sliding block 606 is connected to the screw 605 in a threaded manner, one end of the screw 605 is rotatably connected with the transmission boxes 607, a driven bevel gear 604 is arranged at the other end of the screw 605 by penetrating through the transmission boxes 607 and the side wall of the box body 1, a mounting plate 601 is arranged below the driven bevel gear 604, the mounting plate 601 is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the box body 1, a motor 602 is fixed on the mounting plate 601, a driving bevel gear 603 is arranged at the output end of the motor 602, the driving bevel gear 603 is meshed with the driven bevel gear 604, a sliding rod 608 is fixed in the other transmission box 607, the sliding rod 608 is parallel to the axis of the screw 605, a second sliding block 609 is slidably connected to the sliding rod 608, and a scraping plate 610 is fixedly connected between the second sliding block 609 and the first sliding block 606, the bottom end of the scraper 610 is fitted to the upper surface of the filter 7.
The working principle of the spraying recovery device is as follows:
when the spraying recovery device is used, firstly, gas volatilized from the rolling material conveying device is blown into the shower head assembly 502 through the fan 5 and the gas distribution pipe 501, the gas uniformly enters the lower part of the screen plate 103 through the gas holes 5023 of the shower head 5022, the gas upwards enters the activated carbon layer through the screen plate 103, metal chloride in the gas is adsorbed by the activated carbon, then spraying liquid is pumped through the water pump 2, the spraying liquid is sprayed into the activated carbon layer through the spraying nozzles, the spraying liquid falls under gravity to dissolve the metal chloride adsorbed in the activated carbon and takes the metal chloride out of the activated carbon layer, and the spraying liquid in which the metal chloride is dissolved continuously falls into the liquid storage hopper 8 to be collected after impurity particles are removed through the filter screen 7;
part of the acid gas contained in the volatilized gas is absorbed by the calcium hydroxide in the alkali absorption tank 3 and then is discharged from the exhaust port 301; when more foreign particles on the filter screen 7 affect the filtering efficiency, the starting motor 602 drives the screw 605 to rotate through bevel gear transmission, the first sliding block 606 screwed on the screw 605 slides in the transmission box 607, the second sliding block 609 slides on the sliding rod 608, the scraper 610 fixed between the first sliding block 606 and the second sliding block 609 moves on the filter screen 7, and the bottom end of the scraper 610 scrapes the foreign particles on the upper surface of the filter screen 7 to two sides, so that the filtering efficiency of the filter screen 7 is ensured.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the principles of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions of the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the claims set forth herein.

Claims (9)

1. A method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, crushing and ball-milling the lithium-containing raw material to obtain powder particles, and then adding an auxiliary agent into the powder particles to be uniformly mixed to obtain a premix;
step S2, adding the premix into a heating cavity of the rolling feeding device, and setting the heating temperature of the rolling feeding device to heat the premix to volatilize gas;
step S3, collecting the volatilized gas and introducing the gas into a spray recovery device, and performing recovery conversion treatment on the gas to dissolve the gas into spray liquid to obtain a lithium-containing solution;
the spraying recovery device comprises a box body (1), a partition plate (101) is fixed inside the box body (1), a bottom plate (102) is arranged on one side of the partition plate (101), the periphery of the bottom plate (102) is fixedly connected with the partition plate (101) and the inner wall of the box body (1), the partition plate (101), the inner wall of the box body (1) and the upper side of the bottom plate (102) jointly enclose a space for containing spraying liquid, a screen plate (103) is arranged on the other side of the partition plate (101), the periphery of the screen plate (103) is fixedly connected with the partition plate (101) and the inner wall of the box body (1), an activated carbon layer is arranged above the screen plate (103), a liquid storage hopper (8) is fixed at the bottom end of the box body (1), and a liquid outlet valve (801) is installed in the center of the bottom end of the liquid storage hopper (8);
a water pump (2) is arranged above the partition plate (101), the water pump (2) is fixedly connected with the top end of the box body (1), the water pump (2) is communicated with spaces on two sides of the partition plate (101) through a water pipe, the tail end of the water pump (2) at the water absorbing end is connected with the water pipe and is positioned above the bottom plate (102), the tail end of the water pump (2) at the water discharging end is connected with the water pipe and is communicated with a plurality of liquid distributing pipes (4), a plurality of spray nozzles are arranged below the liquid distributing pipes (4), and the spray nozzles are positioned above the activated carbon layer;
an alkali suction box (3) is arranged above the liquid separating pipe (4), the inside of the alkali suction box (3) is communicated with the inside of the box body (1), calcium hydroxide is arranged inside the alkali suction box (3) and used for absorbing part of acid gas, and an exhaust port (301) is arranged above the alkali suction box (3) and can exhaust the treated gas;
a fan (5) is arranged below the bottom plate (102), the fan (5) is fixedly connected with the bottom end inside the box body (1), an air outlet end of the fan (5) penetrates through the partition plate (101) and is communicated with a plurality of air distribution pipes (501), a plurality of shower head assemblies (502) are arranged above the air distribution pipes (501), and the air distribution pipes (501) and the shower head assemblies (502) are both positioned below the screen plate (103);
the shower head assembly (502) comprises a shower head (5022), a connecting pipe (5021) is arranged below the shower head (5022), the inside of the shower head (5022) is communicated with the gas distribution pipe (501) through the connecting pipe (5021), and a plurality of uniformly distributed gas holes (5023) are formed in the top end of the shower head (5022);
a rectangular hole is formed in the bottom end of the box body (1), a filter screen (7) is installed in the rectangular hole, the filter screen (7) is located below the gas distribution pipe (501), and a dirt scraping mechanism (6) is installed between the filter screen (7) and the gas distribution pipe (501);
the dirt scraping mechanism (6) comprises two transmission boxes (607) oppositely arranged in a box body (1), sliding grooves are formed in one opposite side of each transmission box (607), a screw rod (605) is arranged in one transmission box (607), a first sliding block (606) is connected to the screw rod (605) in a threaded mode, one end of the screw rod (605) is rotatably connected with the transmission boxes (607), the other end of the screw rod (605) penetrates through the transmission boxes (607) and the side wall of the box body (1) to be provided with a driven bevel gear (604), a mounting plate (601) is arranged below the driven bevel gear (604), the mounting plate (601) is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the box body (1), a motor (602) is fixed on the mounting plate (601), a driving bevel gear (603) is installed at the output end of the motor (602), the driving bevel gear (603) is meshed with the driven bevel gear (604), a sliding rod (608) is fixed in the other transmission box (607), the sliding rod (608) is parallel to the axis of the screw (605), the sliding rod (608) is connected with a second sliding block (609) in a sliding manner, a scraping plate (610) is fixedly connected between the second sliding block (609) and the first sliding block (606), and the bottom end of the scraping plate (610) is matched with the upper surface of the filter screen (7);
the method for recovering and converting comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that gas is blown into a shower head assembly (502) through a fan (5) and a gas distribution pipe (501), then enters the lower part of a screen plate (103) through a gas hole (5023) of a shower head (5022), the gas upwards enters an active carbon layer through the screen plate (103), metal chloride in the gas is adsorbed by the active carbon, spraying liquid is pumped into the active carbon layer through a water pump (2), the spraying liquid is sprayed into the active carbon layer through a spray nozzle, the metal chloride in the active carbon is dissolved by the spraying liquid and is taken out of the active carbon layer, and the metal chloride falls into a liquid storage hopper (8) to be collected after impurity particles are removed through a filter screen (7);
s4, pumping out the lithium-containing solution, adjusting the pH value to 1-5, then carrying out ion exchange by using ion exchange resin, and obtaining desorption solution after desorption treatment;
and step S5, carrying out carbonation treatment on the desorption solution, and carrying out centrifugation, filtration and drying to obtain a lithium carbonate product.
2. The method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate according to claim 1, wherein: the lithium-containing raw material is formed by mixing one or more of lepidolite, spodumene, lepidolite, phospholithite and petalite in any proportion, and the content of lithium oxide in the lithium-containing raw material is more than 2 percent.
3. The method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the powder particles is 20-100 meshes.
4. The method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary agent is a mixture of oxide and chloride, the oxide is formed by mixing one or more of sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in any proportion, and the using amount of the oxide is 5-50% of the mass of the powder particles; the chloride is one or more of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ferric chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride which are mixed according to any proportion, and the dosage of the chloride is 1-30% of the mass of the powder particles.
5. The method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the heating temperature is 600-1300 ℃, the premix stays in the rolling and feeding device for 1-2h, and the volatilization time is 30-90 min.
6. The method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate according to claim 1, wherein: the spray liquid is any one of a hydrochloric acid solution, a sodium chloride solution or a sulfuric acid solution.
7. The method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate according to claim 1, wherein: the ion exchange resin is any one of D201, D301, D314, D113, D630 and D231, and the ion exchange rate is 0.5-10m 3 /h。
8. The method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate according to claim 1, wherein: the desorption treatment is to use sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 3-30% to desorb the ion exchange resin.
9. The method for efficiently producing high-purity lithium carbonate according to claim 1, wherein: and the carbonation treatment is to introduce carbon dioxide into the desorption solution or add carbonate solution, wherein the carbonate solution is one or a mixture of more of sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and magnesium carbonate solution.
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