CN113383747B - 一种产蛋后期老龄鸡强制换羽的工艺方法 - Google Patents
一种产蛋后期老龄鸡强制换羽的工艺方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种产蛋后期老龄鸡强制换羽的工艺方法,特征是在鸡群产蛋后期,产蛋率下降,强制换羽可以再次延长产蛋时间,同时省去培育青年鸡的时间和成本,通过做好换羽前准备,换羽实施期,换羽恢复期分时段,分类保壮去弱,提高前用药,防病治病,断料补钙,净化环境。体重监测,鸡的体检;控制光照,降低光照强度和时间;采食复壮,增加光照以及强化管理等手段,达到节约饲料和人工,恢复产蛋性能,成本低,操作简单,效果明显。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于禽业养殖领域,特别是一种产蛋后期老龄鸡强制换羽的工艺方法。
背景技术
传统的养鸡由散养到笼养,规模化养殖满足了社会生活需要,解决了菜篮子工程问题。然而随着鸡的饲养周期逐渐变长,产蛋率逐步下降,产蛋率下降到一定程度后饲养价值低,饲料成本增加,就需要淘汰,为恢复产蛋性能,减少饲料浪费减少成本,延长产蛋周期。有时鸡群遇到疾病,导致产蛋率大幅度降低,疾病治好后也无法恢复原来的产蛋高峰性能,这些情况都会导致企业亏损。鸡的产蛋随光照强度和长短,换掉旧的羽毛后,会重新下蛋。1.鸡群到了产蛋后期,养殖效益低。2.从抓鸡到开产育成成本大概需要40元左右。如果实行强制换羽仅需要不足5元左右,每只鸡约可以节省35元左右的育成费用。3.强制换羽仅需50天左右就可以重新进入产蛋高峰,而传统的育雏育到成鸡却需要150天左右才能进入高峰。强制换羽比传统育成将会缩短三四个月的时间,在行情好时更能获取利益。适用鸡群只要进入产蛋后期的鸡群均可进行强制换羽(65周最佳)。不明原因的高峰期蛋鸡产蛋率突然剧烈下降的鸡群(刚开产鸡群发病后也可强制换羽)。严禁发生传支、强毒新城疫、减蛋综合症等严重侵害鸡的生殖系统而导致输卵管萎缩或消失的鸡群强制换羽。申请号:CN201410414040,发明名称:一种蛋鸡非禁食强制换羽方法,具体为在换羽实施期饲喂换羽饲料,控制每只鸡日采食量40-55克,控制鸡舍温度在18~25℃,控制光照8h/d;换羽恢复期饲喂恢复期饲料自由采食,控制温度在20~27℃,光照每天16h/d,该方法与本发明的换羽方法不同。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种产蛋后期老龄鸡强制换羽的方法,克服现有技术不足找到一个鸡产蛋期产蛋率曲线,根据产蛋后期鸡的体能降低进入衰老期后应对补救措施,把鸡的二次青春期季节采取行之有效措施,鸡产蛋期迅速恢复,延长产蛋期,鸡产蛋多,再次延长鸡饲养和产蛋周期,降低养殖成本,增加效益,满足市场菜篮子需要,增强人民体质的一种产蛋后期老龄鸡强制换羽的方法。
本发明所采用的实施方案是:一种产蛋后期老龄鸡强制换羽的工艺方法,其特征在于其工艺步骤是:
一.选鸡和场地处理:
步骤1,选择鸡体重在1600克到2500克左右的无病鸡为换羽对象;
步骤2,鸡停产蛋1天后打免疫针和防疫针,打当地防流行病的防疫针;
步骤3,鸡停产蛋1天后鸡舍喷雾空间消毒;
步骤4,鸡停产蛋1天后鸡舍喷雾硫磺粉于鸡笼环边;
步骤4,喷雾消毒和喷硫磺粉3天后喷空气清新剂于鸡舍;
步骤6,喷空气清新剂3天后鸡舍敞开通风换气,正常开门窗;
二.喂药喂水:
步骤1,鸡停产蛋1天后喂黄连素水;
步骤2,鸡停产蛋2天后喂水,先偏酸喂PH6.0的水3天后,再喂偏碱
PH9.0的水;
步骤3,鸡料酸碱度微偏碱PH7.5;
步骤4,鸡料烘干后水份≤1%;
步骤5,鸡进食10天后,喂青饲松针粉添加在鸡料中,添加量在5%;
步骤6,鸡舍环境温度在35℃,仅1天;
三.环境控制:
步骤1, 鸡停产蛋后光照闪光灯源,用霓虹灯照3天;
步骤2,鸡停产蛋3天后强光照明5天;
步骤3,强光5天后鸡舍用黑帘挂门窗遮黑外光源进入;
四.干扰音乐控制:鸡停产蛋一天后,警报信号播放一天多次,一个钟头一次,共1天;
五.轻音乐控制:用悠和音乐播放半个钟头一次,共5天。
强制蛋鸡生殖系统,休息和重新发育、修复,防疫针预防鸡卵泡破裂和卵黄性腹膜炎并发输卵管炎,监控输卵管无排卵刺激。
换羽期后期饲料中增加5~15%粒径30目的黄豆颗粒。
本发明的突出效果是:根据鸡生长不同时期,采取换羽前后期,恢复采食复壮期,情况变化应对期采取行之有效措施,达到提高鸡产蛋率,鸡体能复壮,产生巨大经济效益,增强人民体质、体能的社会效益。方法简单,工艺先进,措施有力,效果效益显示快,减少生产成本和投资成本,一窝鸡变成两窝鸡的效益,简单有效,适于社会推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作详细描述。
实施例1,本发明通过做好换羽前期、换羽实施期、换羽恢复期不同阶段措施实现鸡复壮提高鸡产蛋率。具体是:
一、换羽前期:首先,对鸡群进行调整。具体方法如下:
A.剔除鸡群中的病、弱、残鸡、低产鸡或精神状态不佳的鸡,最后进行匀鸡。
B.根据不同品种的体重要求,去除特别肥和特别瘦的鸡只,一般选择体重在1750克到2250克的健康鸡群作为换羽对象。均匀度一般要求在85%左右。
C.提前预防免疫和用药,保证鸡群在强制换羽期间不发病。
D.预防免疫工作:a.前7天必须进行新支二联活苗免疫。b.新城疫和H5H9抗体检测处于较高值或换羽前一个月注射油苗。
E.断料的前四天在饲料中加入2%青石粉,防止停产前的钙的负平衡;添加腐敏散(4天一疗程)检查水线。
G.断料前一天:下午换灯泡,光照由28勒克斯变为4-5勒克斯,称重:固定测样本鸡群体重,以其平均体重为标准。
F.做好环境控制,保持适宜鸡舍温度(一般换羽最佳温度为25-29℃)
二、换羽实施期:
1.饥饿,不再喂料,清除料槽中饲料,供水正常,温度控制在25-29度。一般停料天数为15天左右。夏天气温高,体重下降慢,饥饿时间较长;冬天
气温低体重下降快,饥饿时间要短一些。
2.日常管理:
A.对样本鸡群进行体重监测,做好记录,以确定饥饿结束时间。从断料的第10天起,每天在同一时间称重,计算失重数。
B.保持良好的环境,及时清理掉落的羽毛。日龄较小鸡群一般羽毛不脱落,属正常现象。
C.每天检查鸡群状况,在饥饿后期,将过度虚弱的鸡只挑出提前恢复给料,可有效降低死亡率,提高产蛋率。
3.控制光照:降低光照强度和光照时间。密闭式鸡舍每天由16小时减为8小时恒定光照,光照强度5LX以下,以不影响鸡只正常饮水,工人正常操作为度。开放式鸡舍应尽量遮黑,停止补光,其他同密闭式。开始恢复采食,每天增加光照1.5小时,直到恢复自由采食时,光照增加到14小时。
三、换羽恢复期:
1.恢复供料:当体重减少25-30%时,即可恢复供料;另外,实施期死亡率累计达百分之三,或有疫情发生时,应立即结束饥饿恢复给料(任何情况下,死亡率突然增加,必须立即恢复供料)。1-5天使用育成鸡料,然后逐渐过渡到产蛋前期料,见蛋时过渡到产蛋高峰期料。料量:第一天30克/只,以后每天每只增加20克,直至恢复正常采食量。此后自由采食(直接恢复自由采食也可以)。 均匀布料,保障每只鸡采食机会均等。饲料或饮水中补充适量的优质多维电解质;为保障消化道健康,尽快恢复生殖器官功能,饲料中还应添加优质益生素和鱼肝油等。
2.增加光照:开始恢复采食,每天增加光照1.5小时,直到恢复自由采食时,光照增加到14小时。产蛋率达到50%时,光照加至16小时 。
3.管理重点:恢复前期实际上鸡只最虚弱的时期,所以应特别细心照料。每天观察鸡群健康状况,尽可能给鸡只创造适宜的生活环境,减少各种应激。恢复采食10天后,应补免新城疫+传支二联苗Ma5+Co30,强制换羽效果分析,强制换羽可能涉及动物福利问题,但延长鸡的生命应是其最大的福利。强制换羽实质是蛋鸡生殖系统强制休息并重新发育、修复的过程。经解剖发现,
造成鸡群产蛋迅速下降的主要表现是卵泡破裂或卵黄性腹膜炎并发严重性的输卵管炎。强制换羽处理的鸡群不但死亡率没有增加,反而显著减少,饥饿期基本无死亡。可能的原因是:通过饥饿,使卵泡停止发育,而破裂的卵泡液被鸡体吸收,阻止了病情发展;同时输卵管由于无排卵的刺激而使炎症减轻并逐渐萎缩以便重新修复。重新开产后,没有发现健康而不育鸡只,只有少量低产鸡,说明鸡只生殖系统的破坏是可逆的,只要处理方法得当,完全可能恢复。鸡龄越小、换羽实施越早效果越好,换羽后鸡群有抗病能力增强的倾向。
实施例2,一.选鸡和场地处理:
步骤1,选择鸡体重在1600克或2500克左右的无病鸡为换羽对象;
步骤2,鸡停产蛋1天后打免疫针和防疫针,打当地防流行病的防疫针;
步骤3,鸡停产蛋1天后鸡舍喷雾空间消毒;
步骤4,鸡停产蛋1天后鸡舍喷雾硫磺粉于鸡笼环边;
步骤4,喷雾消毒和喷硫磺粉3天后喷空气清新剂于鸡舍;
步骤6,喷空气清新剂3天后鸡舍敞开通风换气,正常开门窗;
二.喂药喂水:
步骤1,鸡停产蛋1天后喂黄连素水;
步骤2,鸡停产蛋2天后喂水,先偏酸喂PH6.0的水3天后,再喂偏碱
PH9.0的水;
步骤3,鸡料酸碱度微偏碱PH7.5;
步骤4,鸡料烘干后水份≤1%;
步骤5,鸡进食10天后,喂青饲松针粉添加在鸡料中,添加量在5%;
步骤6,鸡舍环境温度在35℃,仅1天;
三.环境控制:
步骤1, 鸡停产蛋后光照闪光灯源,用霓虹灯照3天;
步骤2,鸡停产蛋3天后强光照明5天;
步骤3,强光5天后鸡舍用黑帘挂门窗遮黑外光源进入;
四.干扰音乐控制:鸡停产蛋一天后,警报信号播放一天多次,一个钟头
一次,共1天;
五.轻音乐控制:用悠和音乐播放半个钟头一次,共5天。
强制蛋鸡生殖系统,休息和重新发育、修复,防疫针预防鸡卵泡破裂和卵黄性腹膜炎并发输卵管炎,监控输卵管无排卵刺激。
换羽期后期饲料中增加5~15%粒径30目的黄豆颗粒。
Claims (1)
1.一种产蛋后期老龄鸡强制换羽的工艺方法,其特征在于通过换羽前期、换羽实施期、换羽恢复期措施实现鸡复壮提高鸡产蛋率,具体是:
一、换羽前期:首先,对鸡群进行调整,具体方法如下:
A.剔除鸡群中的病、弱、残鸡、低产鸡或精神状态不佳的鸡,最后进行匀鸡;
B.根据不同品种的体重要求,选择体重在1750克到2250克的健康鸡群作为换羽对象,均匀度要求在85%;
C.提前预防免疫和用药;
D.预防免疫工作:a.前7天必须进行新支二联活苗免疫,b.新城疫和H5H9抗体检测处于较高值或换羽前一个月注射油苗;
E.断料的前四天在饲料中加入2%青石粉,添加腐敏散4天一疗程;
G.断料前一天:下午换灯泡,光照由28勒克斯变为4-5勒克斯,固定测样本鸡群体重,以平均体重为标准;
F.做好环境控制,鸡舍温度为25-29℃;
二、换羽实施期:
1.饥饿,不喂料,清除料槽中饲料,供水正常,温度控制在25-29度,停料天数为15天;
2.日常管理:
A.对样本鸡群进行体重监测,做好记录,从断料的第10天起,每天在同一时间称重,计算失重数;
B.清理掉落的羽毛;
C.每天检查鸡群状况,饥饿后期,过度虚弱的鸡只挑出提前恢复给料;
3.控制光照:降低光照强度和光照时间,密闭式鸡舍每天由16小时减为8小时恒定光照,光照强度5LX以下,开放式鸡舍遮黑,停止补光,其他同密闭式,恢复采食,每天增加光照1.5小时,恢复自由采食,光照增加到14小时;
三、换羽恢复期:
1.恢复供料:鸡体重减少25-30%恢复供料,实施期死亡率累计达百分之三或有疫情发生结束饥饿恢复给料,死亡率突然增加,恢复供料,1-5天使用育成鸡料,然后逐渐过渡到产蛋前期料,见蛋时过渡到产蛋高峰期料,料量:第一天30克/只,以后每天每只增加20克,直至恢复正常采食量,此后自由采食, 均匀布料,每只鸡采食机会均等,饲料或饮水中补充多维电解质,饲料中添加优质益生素和鱼肝油;
2.增加光照:开始恢复采食,每天增加光照1.5小时,到恢复自由采食,光照增加到14小时,产蛋率达到50%,光照加至16小时;
3.管理重点:恢复前期每天观察鸡群健康状况,给鸡只创造适宜的生活环境,减少应激,恢复采食10天后,补免新城疫+传支二联苗Ma5+Co30,强制换羽效果分析。
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