CN113368261A - 一种非病毒载体及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种非病毒载体及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113368261A CN113368261A CN202110673040.2A CN202110673040A CN113368261A CN 113368261 A CN113368261 A CN 113368261A CN 202110673040 A CN202110673040 A CN 202110673040A CN 113368261 A CN113368261 A CN 113368261A
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- hyaluronic acid
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种非病毒载体及其制备方法与应用,本发明的非病毒载体包括压缩质粒药物的鱼精蛋白,包覆在压缩了核酸药物的鱼精蛋白表面的阳离子脂质体,以及修饰在阳离子脂质体表面的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺‑聚乙二醇‑透明质酸(DSPE‑PEG‑HA)聚合物。本发明的非病毒载体依靠被动靶向和主动靶向效应,可以在肿瘤组织高效蓄积,增加肿瘤细胞的摄取并且促进核酸药物进入细胞核,加速后续的转录、翻译过程,为基因编辑质粒的递送提供了一种新的候选体系。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因编辑技术领域,尤其涉及一种非病毒载体及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
CRISPR/Cas9作为第三代基因编辑技术,具有强大的基因编辑能力,可在DNA水平实 现基因沉默或修正,一旦编辑成功,作用效果永久,应用其治疗血液性疾病、遗传性视网膜 疾病和肿瘤性疾病的临床试验取得一定进展,在肿瘤靶向基因治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。
CRISPR/Cas9系统共有三种实现形式,如递送同时编码Cas9和sgRNA的质粒、递送Cas9 mRNA和sgRNA或者递送Cas9蛋白和sgRNA复合物,即核糖核蛋白复合体。基因编辑发生在细胞核,递送质粒和核糖核蛋白复合物时,载体的细胞核靶向能力至关重要。
CRISPR/Cas9系统递送方法包括物理方法、病毒载体和非病毒载体。物理方法包括微注 射、电穿孔、核感染和膜变形,主要用于体外或离体细胞和组织的基因编辑,其在体内生物 相容性较差;病毒载体,如:慢病毒、腺病毒、腺病毒等相关病毒等,目前已广泛应用于CRISPR/Cas9系统的体内外给药,但存在致癌性、插入突变、免疫原性等安全问题,且装载能力有限,这些严重影响了病毒载体的临床转化;非病毒载体具有包载能力强、免疫原性低、 易于组装的优点,是较为理想的递送方法。
非病毒载体通过静电相互作用、范德华力、氢键和共价键等装载CRISPR/Cas9系统,主 要为脂质体(lipsome)、聚合物、多肽或蛋白、囊泡、DNA纳米线团、无机纳米粒等。为了 发挥基因编辑作用,非病毒载体需要将CRISPR/Cas9系统高效递送到靶细胞的胞浆,对于 CRISPR/Cas9质粒和核糖核蛋白复合物,将其递送到细胞核更有利于促进质粒表达Cas9蛋 白和sgRNA,提高编辑效率。但是现有的非病毒载体在递送过程中,还存在靶向性和稳定性 不高的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种用于基因编辑的非病毒载体,本发明的非病毒载 体依靠被动靶向和主动靶向效应,可以在肿瘤组织高效蓄积,增加肿瘤细胞的摄取并且促进 核酸药物进入细胞核,加速后续的转录、翻译过程,为基因编辑质粒的递送提供了一种新的 候选体系。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种非病毒载体,所述的非病毒载体包括压缩质粒药物的鱼 精蛋白,包覆在压缩了核酸药物的鱼精蛋白表面的阳离子脂质体,以及修饰在阳离子脂质体 表面的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-透明质酸(DSPE-PEG-HA)聚合物。
进一步地,所述的阳离子脂质体为DOPE/DOTAP/Chol。
进一步地,所述的质粒药物为基因编辑质粒。
进一步地,所述的基因编辑质粒为pCas9/sgMTH1、pCas9/sgKRAS、pCas9/sgPLK1、pCas9/sgMETTL3中的一种或几种。
本发明的第二个目的是提供所述的非病毒载体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、采用透明质酸和二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇为原料制备二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙 醇胺-聚乙二醇-透明质酸聚合物;
S2、采用DOTAP、DOPE和胆固醇为原料制备阳离子脂质体;
S3、将鱼精蛋白溶液与质粒药物溶液混合孵育,制备鱼精蛋白/质粒药物复合物;
S4、将鱼精蛋白/质粒药物复合物与阳离子脂质体混合孵育,得到阳离子脂质体包覆的鱼 精蛋白/质粒药物复合物;
S5、将阳离子脂质体包覆的鱼精蛋白/质粒药物复合物与二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙 二醇-透明质酸聚合物的水溶液混合孵育,得到所述的非病毒载体。
在本发明中,S1步骤中,透明质酸(HA)经活化剂活化羧基后与二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙 醇胺-聚乙二醇(DSPE-PEG-NH2)发生反应。S3步骤中,鱼精蛋白溶液与质粒药物溶液通过 静电相互作用形成复合物。S4步骤中,阳离子脂质体通过静电相互作用包覆在复合物表面。 S5步骤中,二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-透明质酸聚合物(DSPE-PEG-HA)通过疏水 作用插入脂质体,修饰在非病毒载体表面。
进一步地,S3步骤中,孵育是在20~30℃孵育4-6min,鱼精蛋白与质粒药物的质量比为 1.8-2.2:1。
进一步地,S4步骤中,孵育是在20~30℃孵育15-25min,鱼精蛋白/质粒药物复合物与 阳离子脂质体的质量比为3:11-11.5。
进一步地,S5步骤中,孵育是在50-60℃孵育15-25min,二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙 二醇-透明质酸聚合物的水溶液中,二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-透明质酸聚合物的浓 度为19-21mg·mL-1。
进一步地,S1步骤中,透明质酸通过活化剂活化后与二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二 醇进行反应,所述活化剂为1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl)、N- 羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)和二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)中的一种或几种。
本发明的第三个目的是提供所述的非病毒载体在递送CRISPR/Cas9系统中的应用。
本发明所采用的鱼精蛋白具有压缩质粒和细胞核靶向功能,但单独使用不能保护核酸药 物在血液中稳定循环并把药物递送到肿瘤组织,为了解决这一问题,本发明在鱼精蛋白压缩 核酸药物形成负电复合物后在外层包覆阳离子脂质体,并在表面修饰DSPE-PEG-HA,从而 保护核酸药物在血液循环中免受核酸酶降解,减少载体与血液成分的相互作用,同时赋予载 体主动靶向性,对于高表达CD44受体的肿瘤细胞,发明所述载体可以增加载体在肿瘤部位 的蓄积并介导载体进入细胞。载体被细胞摄取后,依赖脂质体成分的相变实现内涵体逃逸, 将鱼精蛋白/核酸药物复合物释放到胞浆中,鱼精蛋白中的核定位信号(NLS)序列可以介导 复合物通过核孔进入细胞核,从而促进核酸药物功能的发挥。以此构成的载体可实现一些核 酸药物的核递送,为质粒药物如CRISPR/Cas9质粒,提供一种新型载体。
借由上述方案,本发明至少具有以下优点:
本发明的非病毒载体依靠被动靶向和主动靶向效应,可以在肿瘤组织高效蓄积,增加肿 瘤细胞的摄取并且促进核酸药物进入细胞核,加速后续的转录、翻译过程,为基因编辑质粒 的递送提供了一种新的候选体系。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依 照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例1中HA(a)、DSPE-PEG(b)和DSPE-PEG-HA(c)的1H-NMR 图谱;
图2是本发明的实施例1中HA(a)、DSPE-PEG(b)和DSPE-PEG-HA(c)的红外光 谱;
图3是本发明的实施例1中载体对质粒的包覆能力,其中,a:Marker;b:裸露pMTH1;c:PS/pMTH1;d:PS@HA-Lip/pMTH1;
图4是本发明的实施例1中动态光散射粒度分析仪DLS检测的载体粒径大小,其中,A:不同载体的粒径分布情况;B:不同载体的zeta电位;
图5是本发明的实施例1中PS、PS@Lip和PS@HA-Lip的电镜图;
图6是本发明的实施例1中载体的血清稳定性;
图7是本发明的实施例1中CCK-8实验考察无药效载体的体外安全性A:HUVEC细胞,B:A549细胞;
图8是本发明的实施例1中激光共聚焦显微镜考察载体的细胞摄取;
图9是本发明的实施例1中流式细胞术定量考察载体的细胞摄取A:A549细胞,B:MDA-MB-231细胞,C:HepG2细胞;
图10是本发明的实施例1中激光共聚焦显微镜考察载体递送质粒进入细胞核;
图11是本发明的非病毒载体的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述,以使本发明的优势和特征能更易于 被本领域技术人员理解,从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例1:
非病毒载体的制备,包括以下步骤:
(1)DSPE-PEG-HA的合成
称取透明质酸(HA)64.0mg溶于5mL去离子水中,在搅拌条件下加入49.0mgEDC.HCl 和29.0mg NHS,45℃活化2h。称取60mg DSPE-PEG-NH2溶于5mL DMSO,充分溶解后,将DSPE-PEG-NH2逐滴加入活化后的HA,磁力搅拌反应24h,将反应产物装进透析袋 (MWCO=3500)置于去离子水中,磁力搅拌,透析48h,透析液过滤,滤液冷冻干燥得到 白色固体DSPE-PEG-HA。
(2)脂质体的制备
精密称取DOTAP、DOPE和胆固醇(Chol),溶于三氯甲烷和甲醇(2:1,v/v)混合有机溶剂,配制母液(20mg.mL-1)。取200μL DOTAP母液,200μL DOPE母液、100μL胆固醇 母液,加入于西林瓶中,再加入2mL混合有机试剂和10mL去离子水,探头超声(200W, 5min),转移至茄形瓶,45℃旋转蒸发除去有机试剂,0.45μm滤膜过滤,得脂质体Lip(1 mg.mL-1)。
(3)按照鱼精蛋白溶液与pMTH1质粒溶液混合,涡旋30s,室温孵育5min,得到鱼 精蛋白/质粒复合物。
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的复合物与脂质体按照实验确定的比例混合,涡旋30s,室温孵育20min,得到脂质体包覆的鱼精蛋白/质粒复合物。
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的脂质体包覆的鱼精蛋白/质粒复合物与步骤(1)中的到的DSPE-PEG-HA的水溶液混合,55℃孵育20min,得到PS@HA-Lip/pMTH1。
下面对该实施例中的化合物进行表征以及非病毒载体的性能测定:
1、核磁表征
将HA溶于重水(D2O),将DSPE-PEG、DSPE-PEG-HA溶于氘代二甲亚砜(d6-DMSO), 在400MHz核磁共振仪上测试,1H-NMR图谱如图1所示:5.91ppm和4.50ppm处的峰为 HA糖环上次甲基氢的特征峰,1.24ppm处的峰为二硬脂酰基碳链上亚甲基氢的特征峰,3.50 ppm处为PEG上亚甲基氢的特征峰,DSPE-PEG-HA氢谱中出现了HA、DSPE-PEG的特征 峰,说明已经成功合成DSPE-PEG-HA。
2、红外表征
取适量HA、DSPE-PEG、DSPE-PEG-HA的干燥粉末,上机分析,获取三种化合物的傅立叶变换红外光谱。
DSPE-PEG-HA红外谱图如图2所示:2916cm-1、2868cm-1为PEG亚甲基的伸缩振动峰;由于反应生成新的酰胺键,DSPE-PEG-HA红外谱图中,3329cm-1处伯酰胺的伸缩振动峰强 度增大;1733cm-1处出现二硬脂酯的羰基伸缩振动峰,1637cm-1、1573cm-1处酰胺键羰基伸 缩振动峰增强,843cm-1处N-H的面外弯曲振动消失,说明DSPE-PEG-HA已成功合成。
3、琼脂糖电泳考察载体对质粒的包覆
按照质量比2:1的制备质粒/鱼精蛋白复合物,按照N/P比2/1制备PS@HA-Lip/pMTH1, 与6×DNA上样缓冲液按比例充分混匀并上样,设置电压150V,30min后使用凝胶成像仪 观察结果,结果如图3所示。
制备PS与pMTH1的复合物,将其与Lip以0.5/1(w/w)比例混合,此时复合物呈负电性,外层包覆Lip,通过“后插入法”表面修饰HA,得到PS@HA-Lip/pMTH1。琼脂糖电泳结 果表明PS@HA-Lip可以完全包覆pMTH1。
4、载体的粒径电位
制备Lip、P-Lip、HA-Lip、PS@HA-Lip,Nano ZS90纳米粒度及zeta电位分析仪测定载 体粒径、电位、多分散系数(polydispersity,PDI),结果如图4所示。
通过对装载pMTH1载体Lip、P-Lip、HA-Lip、PS@HA-Lip的粒径、电位进行测定,由结果可知四种载体粒径适宜,分布均匀;Lip具有较强的正电荷,按照N/P为2/1制备载体 时电位为37.2mV,PEG和HA的修饰可以降低其正电荷,PS@HA-Lip相较HA-Lip略有升 高,归因于PS结合掉质粒的部分负电荷,PSp制备成PS@HA-Lip整体电位略变大。PEG和 HA可以降低载体表面电荷、减少与血浆蛋白的相互作用,有助于载体在血液中长循环。
5、载体的电镜下形态
将装载质粒的PS、PS@Lip和PS@HA-Lip滴加到碳支持膜上,55℃烘干过夜,使用透射电镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)获取图片,观察载体形态,结果如图5所示。
TEM下可以观察到PS、PS@Lip和PS@HA-Lip呈圆整的球形;包覆脂质体后,PS@Lip和PS@HA-Lip较PS粒径变大,可以看到PS表面均匀分布一层外壳,证明载体制备成功且 具有适宜粒径。
6、载体的血清稳定性
将体积为100μL的PBS溶液、Lip、P-Lip、HA-Lip、PS@HA-Lip与100μL胎牛血清在 37℃下共孵育,以PBS组做对照,在预定时间点,测定各组样品在630nm处的吸光度,以 相对浊度(A某一时间点/A0h)对孵育时间作图,以混合物浊度变化评价载体血清稳定性,结果如 图6所示。
载体与胎牛血清共孵育,记录Lip、P-Lip、HA-Lip、PS@HA-Lip在预定时间点的相对浊度,评价载体的血清稳定性。由上图可以看出,Lip由于具有较高的正电荷,易与血清中的负电荷蛋白相互作用产生沉淀,导致相对浊度升高;PEG的修饰有利于提高Lip的血清稳定性,显著降低混合体系的相对浊度;虽然HA-Lip和PS@HA-Lip电荷有差异,但相对浊度 相差不大,说明二者在血清中均可稳定存在,HA的修饰可以进一步减少载体与血清蛋白的 相互作用,提高载体稳定性,有利于体内长循环。
7、CCK-8实验考察载体的安全性
取对数生长的A549细胞和HUVEC细胞,培养于96孔板(3000个/孔),12h后,与 含不同浓度载体的培养基共培养24h,加入20μL CCK-8溶液,继续孵育4h后,使用多功 能酶标仪测定吸光度值OD450。根据下式计算细胞活力,评价载体对正常细胞和肿瘤细胞的 安全性。给药不同浓度装载无药效的阴性对照质粒p-null的Lip、P-Lip、HA-Lip、PS@HA-Lip。
OD450(treated):有细胞,加载体和CCK-8溶液孔的吸光度;OD0:无细胞,加培养基和CCK-8溶液孔的吸光度;OD450(nontreated):有细胞,加CCK-8,不加载体孔的吸光度。
测定A549细胞、HUVEC细胞在含有不同载体的培养基中生长24h后细胞存活率,评价载体的安全性。结果如图7所示,可知,由于表面正电荷较高,Lip对两种细胞具有明显 的细胞毒性,载体浓度250μg.mL-1时,两种细胞存活率约为20%;P-Lip对于肿瘤细胞和正 常细胞均呈现一定的细胞毒性,载体浓度最高时,细胞存活率约为60%,低浓度时,细胞存 活率略有升高,约为80%,说明PEG修饰可以减轻表面电荷过高带来的细胞毒性;得益于 HA对载体电荷的进一步屏蔽,HA-Lip和PS@HA-Lip在较高浓度时细胞生存率也高于95%, 可以视作二者的存在对细胞各项生命活动没有影响,具有较高的安全性。
8、激光共聚焦显微镜考察多功能非病毒载体的摄取与胞内分布
考虑到pMTH1本身不带荧光标记,以FAM标记的siRNA代替。取对数生长的A549 细胞,适量接种至共聚焦小皿,培养12h,与P-Lip/siRNAFAM、HA-Lip/siRNAFAM、 PS@HA-Lip/siRNAFAM、HA+PS@HA-Lip/siRNAFAM(siRNAFAM浓度:50nM)共孵育。2h 后用PBS洗3次,与溶酶体红染液(60nM)37℃孵育30min,PBS洗3次,4%甲醛溶液固 定10min,Hoechst33258(10μg·mL-1)染细胞核,室温孵育10min,然后PBS洗3次,在 圆形盖玻片边缘滴加适量荧光淬灭封片液,缓慢将盖玻片盖到共聚焦小皿里,激光共聚焦显 微镜观察细胞内分布和内含体逃逸情况,结果如图8所示。
孵育时间为2h时,P-Lip的绿色荧光信号主要分布在细胞的外部区域,而HA修饰的两 组,胞内有均匀的荧光分布,当PS@HA-Lip/siRNAFAM与游离透明质酸共孵育后,载体分布和P-Lip/siRNAFAM呈现相近的情况,说明游离透明质酸可以与载体竞争细胞表面的CD44受体,而CD44受体一旦饱和,载体进入细胞的量会显著减少,说明透明质酸-CD44受体相互 作用可以促进载体的细胞摄取。PS@HA-Lip/siRNAFAM组可以观察到溶酶体的红色信号和载 体的绿色荧光信号出现分离,提示我们载体成功从内涵体逃逸到胞浆中。
9、流式细胞术定量考察多功能非病毒载体的细胞摄取
取对数生长的A549细胞,适量接种至6孔板(约30万每孔),培养12h,与 P-Lip/siRNAFAM、HA-Lip/siRNAFAM、PS@HA-Lip/siRNAFAM、HA+PS@HA-Lip/siRNAFAM (siRNAFAM浓度:50nM)共孵育。2h后用PBS清洗细胞3次,胰蛋白酶消化,再用PBS 清洗3遍,最后用0.3mL的PBS重悬细胞,使用流式细胞仪分析摄取情况。用MDA-MB-231 细胞和HepG2细胞进行摄取实验,考察细胞CD44受体表达水平对载体细胞摄取的影响,结 果如图9所示。
使用流式细胞仪对载体的细胞摄取进行定量分析。对于A549细胞,HA-Lip和 PS@HA-Lip细胞摄取显著高于P-Lip,HA同时存在时载体的细胞摄取与P-Lip组相近,说 明HA修饰可以促进载体进入A549细胞,与共聚焦图片结果一致;在高表达CD44受体的 MDA-MB-231细胞上出现了相似的结果,而低表达CD44受体的HepG2细胞没有此现象, 说明透明质酸促进细胞摄取依赖于细胞CD44受体的表达,进一步证明HA-Lip和PS@HA-Lip 可以通过HA-CD44受体相互作用促进载体进入细胞。
10、激光共聚焦显微镜考察多功能非病毒载体的入核过程
取对数生长的A549细胞适量接种于共聚焦小皿(15万每皿),培养12h,与 HA-Lip/siRNAFAM、PS@HA-Lip/siRNAFAM共孵育。4h、8h后,用PBS清洗细胞3次,加 入溶酶体红染液(60nM),37℃孵育30min,PBS洗3次,加入4%甲醛溶液固定10min, 再用PBS洗3次,Hoechst33258(10μg·mL-1)染色细胞核,室温孵育10min,PBS洗3次, 滴加适量抗荧光淬灭封片液封片,置于4℃冰箱避光保存,使用共聚焦显微镜观察载体细胞 内分布情况,结果如图10所示。
共聚焦显微镜考察给药4h和8h后,载体在A549细胞的胞内分布,由结果可以看出4h后HA-Lip和PS@HA-Lip的绿色荧光信号均匀分布在胞浆中,红色荧光信号和绿色荧光信号呈现一定的分离,提示部分载体从内涵体逃逸;8h后,PS@HA-Lip绿色荧光在细胞核内 也有分布,提示载体进入细胞核,HA-Lip组细胞核内没有明显的绿色荧光信号。综上可知, PS可以通过序列中的NLS促进质粒进入肿瘤细胞的细胞核,这有利于质粒后续的转录、翻 译过程,提高基因编辑效率。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的 普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些 改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种非病毒载体,其特征在于,所述的非病毒载体包括压缩质粒药物的鱼精蛋白,包覆在压缩了核酸药物的鱼精蛋白表面的阳离子脂质体,以及修饰在阳离子脂质体表面的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-透明质酸聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非病毒载体,其特征在于,所述的阳离子脂质体为DOPE/DOTAP/Chol。
3.根据权利要求1所述的非病毒载体,其特征在于,所述的质粒药物为基因编辑质粒。
4.根据权利要求3所述的非病毒载体,其特征在于,所述的基因编辑质粒为pCas9/sgMTH1、pCas9/sgKRAS、pCas9/sgPLK1、pCas9/sgMETTL3中的一种或几种。
5.一种权利要求1~4任一项所述的非病毒载体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、采用透明质酸和二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇为原料制备二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-透明质酸聚合物;
S2、采用DOTAP、DOPE和胆固醇为原料制备阳离子脂质体;
S3、将鱼精蛋白溶液与质粒药物溶液混合孵育,制备鱼精蛋白/质粒药物复合物;
S4、将鱼精蛋白/质粒药物复合物与阳离子脂质体混合孵育,得到阳离子脂质体包覆的鱼精蛋白/质粒药物复合物;
S5、将阳离子脂质体包覆的鱼精蛋白/质粒药物复合物与二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-透明质酸聚合物的水溶液混合孵育,得到所述的非病毒载体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,S3步骤中,孵育是在20~30℃孵育4-6min,鱼精蛋白与质粒药物的质量比为1.8-2.2:1。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,S4步骤中,孵育是在20~30℃孵育15-25min,鱼精蛋白/质粒药物复合物与阳离子脂质体的质量比为3:11-11.5。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,S5步骤中,孵育是在50-60℃孵育15-25min,二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-透明质酸聚合物的水溶液中,二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-透明质酸聚合物的浓度为19-21mg·mL-1。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,S1步骤中,透明质酸通过活化剂活化后与二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇进行反应,所述活化剂为1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和二环己基碳二亚胺中的一种或几种。
10.权利要求1~4任一项所述的非病毒载体在递送CRISPR/Cas9系统中的应用。
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