CN113218699B - Train ditch coal flow sampling system and method - Google Patents
Train ditch coal flow sampling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113218699B CN113218699B CN202110340054.2A CN202110340054A CN113218699B CN 113218699 B CN113218699 B CN 113218699B CN 202110340054 A CN202110340054 A CN 202110340054A CN 113218699 B CN113218699 B CN 113218699B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a train ditch coal flow sampling system and a method, wherein the system comprises a plurality of coal flow sample collectors arranged on a grid net of a discharge ditch grid above a train ditch; the coal flow sample collector is arranged in three coal sample collecting areas, namely a far coal sample collecting area, a middle coal sample collecting area and a near coal sample collecting area, of the unloading ditch grid net divided according to coal flow fall inertia and used for collecting longitudinal full-section coal samples in the coal car. The invention can improve the sampling precision and ensure the accuracy of the index; the mechanical mining input rate is improved, and the sampling efficiency is greatly improved; the performance is stable and is not influenced by regional seasons; the labor is saved, and the sample is prevented from being lost; personal safety is guaranteed, and occupational disease risk is reduced; low cost, simple and practical design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal sampling, and particularly relates to a system and a method for sampling a train ditch coal flow.
Background
In modern coal trade and acceptance, accurate and rapid evaluation of coal quality through coal analysis is an important work and is also the basis for realizing fairness and justice of coal trade. Coal analysis generally comprises 3 links of sampling, sample preparation and assay, wherein sampling is the first link and the most important link of coal analysis.
A process of sampling a representative portion of coal from an entire batch of coal as specified for testing or detecting the quality of the coal is called coal sampling. This portion, called the coal sample, is a combination of fractions extracted from multiple sampling points. The fraction extracted from each sampling point, called the subsample, is taken from the coal stream, the top of the vehicle, or the coal pile.
Coal sampling mainly comprises 2 modes of manual sampling and mechanized sampling, and the mechanized sampling is more and more widely applied due to the advantages of low labor intensity, capability of avoiding human errors, capability of adopting full-cross-section or full-depth subsamples and the like. But any mechanical sampling can not be carried out, a representative coal sample can be unconditionally taken, the basic structure, the sampling procedure and the daily use and maintenance of the coal sample all meet certain requirements, and the coal sample is qualified through performance identification. At present, various problems exist in mechanized coal sampling application, which affect the sampling representativeness and even lead to disputes of coal trade quality.
For manual sampling, a mode combining standard sampling, side door opening sampling and pit digging sampling can be adopted. For coal quality with uniform loading, sampling can be carried out according to national and industrial standards, but if the loading is not uniform, "cap coal", "sandwich coal", gangue and coal slime occur, and a manual sampling method cannot guarantee sampling errors. In addition, the problem that unloading time is delayed due to sampling danger and the like is also considered in manual sampling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a train ditch coal flow sampling system and a train ditch coal flow sampling method, which solve the problems of high failure, low efficiency, high manufacturing cost, slow unloading, incapability of being invested in winter and the like of a mechanical sampling machine, solve the problems of large artificial interference, high labor intensity, low efficiency, poor precision, high safety risk and the like of manual sampling, provide real and reliable commodity coal entering data for production and operation, and ensure the economic benefits of enterprises.
The invention provides a train pit coal flow sampling system which comprises a plurality of coal flow sample collectors arranged on a grid net of a discharge pit grate above a train pit; the coal flow sample collector is arranged in three coal sample collecting areas, namely a far coal sample collecting area, a middle coal sample collecting area and a near coal sample collecting area, of the unloading ditch grate grid net divided according to coal flow fall inertia and is used for collecting longitudinal full-section coal samples in the coal car.
Furthermore, the coal flow sample collector is made of metal, is fixedly arranged on the two sides of the grid net of the unloading ditch grate, and is provided with a protection chain for preventing coal flow from impacting and falling.
Furthermore, the volume of the coal flow sample collector is matched with the size of the coal unloading port, and the coal unloading doors with the same size are provided with the coal flow sample collector with the same size.
The invention also provides a method for realizing coal flow sampling by applying the train ditch coal flow sampling system, which comprises the following steps:
starting the double-spiral coal unloader, extruding coal from a coal unloading port to a carriage through the uniform rotation of the double-spiral coal unloader, so that the coal at the top of the carriage falls into a coal sample collection area far away from a grid net of a unloading ditch, the coal at the middle part of the carriage falls into the coal sample collection area at the middle part of the grid net of the unloading ditch, and the coal at the bottom of the carriage falls into the coal sample collection area near the grid net of the unloading ditch;
and after the coal unloading is finished, manually taking out the coal sample in the coal flow sample collector, and carrying out sample mixing, primary division and handover preparation work.
By means of the scheme, the system and the method for sampling the coal flow in the train ditch have the following technical effects:
1. improve the sampling precision and ensure the accuracy of the index
According to the sampling mode, firstly, the points can be distributed uniformly, the sampling points are set according to the fall inertia of coal flows, the upper, middle, lower, front, middle, rear, left, middle and right sides of each car of coal fall into a specified coal flow sample collector respectively, all sampling points of the whole carriage are randomly selected, the positions of the whole car are fully covered, no dead angle exists, and the precision is ensured; and secondly, by adopting an equal-volume sample collector, the volume of each subsample of the whole vehicle optional point position is the same, the occupied weight is the same, the weighting can be carried out by equal weight no matter whether the coal quality is uniform or not, the total sample representativeness is strong, and the actual indexes of the coal in the plant can be reflected.
2. The machine mining input rate is improved, and the sampling efficiency is greatly improved
The sampling mode of the invention adopts a working mode of simultaneously discharging coal and sampling, can randomly set multiple points without independently consuming time, greatly improves the sampling efficiency, and completely avoids the problem of railway delay punishment caused by influence on coal unloading due to long time consumption of mechanical mining.
3. Stable performance and no influence of local seasons
The sampling mode of the invention adopts a mode of sampling on the coal flow in the unloading ditch chamber, basically has no temperature difference with the coal flow, and does not generate the phenomenon of anti-frost adhesion.
4. Saving manpower and avoiding losing samples
According to the sampling mode, the coal flow sample collector is fixed on the unloading ditch grate, coal unloading and sample collection are carried out simultaneously, manual intervention is not needed, the coal sample falls into the sample collector according to a designed route, and a sample loss event cannot occur. The sampling person only needs to check that the coal unloading is finished through monitoring, before the next batch of heavy trucks unloads, the coal sample in the sample collector is collected, and the working strength of the person is greatly reduced.
5. Ensuring personal safety and reducing the risk of occupational diseases
The sampling mode of the invention is that the coal unloading and sampling are carried out simultaneously, and the subsample is automatically collected in the sample collector. After the coal unloading is finished and the dust and the fly ash are precipitated, workers can collect coal samples by using protective tools such as a mask without any dangerous interference such as operating equipment, the personal health of sampling personnel is guaranteed, and the working safety coefficient is greatly increased.
6. Low cost, simple and practical design
The cost is almost negligible compared to conventional mechanized sampling machines. Meanwhile, the sample collector used in the sampling mode has the advantages of simple structure, low failure rate, easy replacement even if the sampling machine fails, and the like, and solves the problems of difficult fault maintenance of the sampling machine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a train pit coal flow sampling system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a train coal discharge port of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of sampling points according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the dimensions are in mm.
The embodiment provides a train ditch coal flow sampling system, which comprises a plurality of coal flow sample collectors 3 arranged on a discharge ditch grate grid network 2 above a train ditch 1; the coal flow sample collector 3 is arranged in three coal sample collection areas, namely a far coal sample collection area, a middle coal sample collection area and a near coal sample collection area, of the unloading ditch grid net 2 divided according to coal flow fall inertia, and is used for collecting longitudinal full-section coal samples (loading samples, middle samples and unloading samples) in the coal car.
In this embodiment, the coal flow sample collector 3 is made of metal, is fixedly mounted in the grid net 2 of the unloading ditch at two sides, and is provided with a protection chain for preventing the coal flow from falling due to impact.
In this embodiment, the volume of the coal flow collector 3 is adapted to the size of the coal discharge port, and the coal flow collector 3 having the same size is provided at the coal discharge port having the same size.
The embodiment also provides a method for sampling the coal flow by applying the train pit coal flow sampling system, which comprises the following steps:
starting a double-spiral coal unloader 4, extruding coal from a coal unloading port to a carriage 5 through the uniform rotation of the double-spiral coal unloader 4, so that the coal at the top of the carriage 5 falls into a coal sample collection area far away from a grid net 2 of a grate of a unloading ditch, the coal at the middle of the carriage 5 falls into the coal sample collection area at the middle of the grid net 2 of the grate of the unloading ditch, and the coal at the bottom of the carriage 5 falls into the coal sample collection area near the grid net 2 of the grate of the unloading ditch;
after the coal unloading is finished, the coal sample in the coal flow sample collector 2 is manually taken out, and the sample mixing, primary division and handover preparation work is carried out.
The present invention is described in further detail below.
In the embodiment, a plurality of coal flow sample collectors 3 are arranged on the unloading ditch grid net 2 above the train ditch, the sample collectors are made of metal materials, the size is 250mm and 250mm, and protection chains are arranged in fixed and direct seats and grids on two sides to prevent the coal flow from falling due to impact. And (3) sampling while unloading coal, manually taking out a coal sample in the coal flow sample collector 3 after the coal unloading is finished, and carrying out sample preparation, primary division, handover preparation and the like. The specific working principle and working process are as follows:
as shown in figure 1, the double-screw coal unloader rotates at a constant speed to extrude coal out of the carriage. The horizontal kinetic energy transmitted to the coal of the whole vehicle through the coal unloader is the same, so that the horizontal initial velocity V of the coal flow is equal, and the distance of the coal falling onto the grid net 2 of the discharge ditch depends on the fall of the coal. Coal at the top of the carriage 5 can fall into the unloading trench from the farther grate holes due to large fall; the coal fall in the middle part is in the middle and falls into the middle part; the fall of the coal at the bottom is small, and the coal can fall into the unloading ditch from the closer grate holes. By utilizing the principle, the grate is divided into a far coal sample collection area, a middle coal sample collection area and a near coal sample collection area and is used for collecting longitudinal full-section coal samples in the coal car.
As shown in fig. 2, coal on the same side of each carriage 5 all flows out of 4 small doors and 1 big door in the middle, the quantity of the coal flowing out of 4 small doors is equal, a coal flow sample collector 3 with the same size can be arranged for sample collection, and the volume is 3-5 liters; the flow of the middle gate is 2 times of that of the small gate, and a coal flow sample collector of 6-10 liters can be arranged. The volume of the coal flow sample collector 3 is determined by the coal granularity specified by national standards.
As shown in FIG. 3, the distribution positions of the coal flow collector 3 are shown in the figure. The method is divided into upper, middle and lower, front, middle and rear, left, middle and right, and 30 point locations are counted, so that all sampling points of the whole carriage are randomly selected, and the whole point location is fully covered and has no dead angle.
Aiming at a good credit supplier, a point distribution scheme can be selected from the minimum subsample quantity and the minimum subsample number specified by the national standard; for a market supplier, a local supplier or a supplier cooperating for the first time, the number of sub-samples and the amount of the sub-samples can be properly increased, so that the total sample is representative, the influence of uneven distribution of coal quality on the index of entering a plant is avoided, and the influence of artificial subjective judgment on a sampling result is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. improve the sampling precision and ensure the accuracy of the index
Sampling by using an artificial coal flow sampling method cannot guarantee multipoint acquisition with the same weight, and artificial subjective influence is easy to occur. The method can ensure the precision of the uniformly mixed train coal, but for the train coal with non-uniform coal quality distribution, the sampling precision result is not accurate, the coal sample lacks representativeness, and sometimes has larger deviation from the real index.
According to the sampling mode, firstly, the points can be distributed uniformly, the sampling points are set according to the fall inertia of the coal flow, and the upper part, the middle part, the lower part, the front part, the middle part, the rear part, the left part, the middle part and the right part of each car of coal fall into the designated coal flow sample collector respectively; and secondly, by adopting an equal-volume sample collector, the volume of each subsample of 30 optional point positions of the whole vehicle is the same, the occupied weight is the same, equal-weight weighting can be carried out no matter whether the coal quality is uniform or not, the representativeness of the total sample is strong, and the real indexes of the plant coal can be reflected.
2. The mechanical mining input rate is improved, and the sampling efficiency is greatly improved
Taking a sampling unit 22 for a heavy vehicle, the line #1, the line # 2 and the line # 3 are respectively exchanged. The #1 and #2 lines remove 11 sections of effective unloading cargo space and 4 sections of shunting platform, the number of sampling vehicles is 14, and the maximum mechanical picking rate is 21% when the equipment is healthy. The time length of each subsample is 3-5 minutes, each vehicle samples 3 points, each row of 66 vehicles samples, and the total sampling time length is 9.9-16.5 hours.
The sampling mode of the invention adopts a working mode of unloading coal and sampling, can randomly set multiple points at the same time without independently consuming time, greatly improves the sampling efficiency, and completely avoids the problem of railway delay punishment caused by influencing coal unloading due to long time consumption of mechanical mining.
3. Stable performance and no influence of local seasons
In the severe cold region, the temperature is below-20 ℃ on average in winter, and the temperatures of a sampling head, a conveying chain and the like of mechanical mining equipment are the same as the outdoor temperature. The temperature in the screened lignite which is not washed by water is high, the phenomenon of frost return can occur when the screened lignite is contacted with a sampling head and a chain, the occurrence rate of the phenomena of sampling head blockage, chain adhesion and the like is 100%, and therefore the screened lignite can not be put into use at all during the period from 11 months to 3 months of the next year in winter.
The sampling mode of the invention adopts a mode of receiving samples on the coal flow in the unloading ditch chamber, has no temperature difference with the coal flow basically, and can not generate the phenomenon of frost adhesion.
4. Saving manpower and avoiding losing samples
At present, coal coming from a train is unloaded by 3 unloading ditches and 8 unloading machines, and manual sampling must be synchronous with coal unloading. When the coal demand is in a slack season, the coal unloading is often delayed, and the sample loss probability is greatly increased if the communication between a sampling person and an unloading dispatcher is not smooth or the responsibility of the sampling person is not strong. If the sampler always stands by in situ, the long-time useless waiting of workers can be caused due to the delay of coal unloading, and the labor is greatly wasted; when the coal demand is in a busy season, the coal unloading work is often carried out urgently, 3-4 or even more car unloaders are started at the same time, the existing 3 samplers cannot track multiple car unloaders at the same time, the working intensity of the personnel is very high, and the sample loss is inevitable.
According to the sampling mode, the coal flow sample collector is fixed on the unloading ditch grate, coal unloading and sample collection are carried out simultaneously, manual intervention is not needed, the coal sample falls into the sample collector according to a designed route, and a sample loss event cannot occur. The sampler only needs to check the end of coal unloading through monitoring, and before unloading the next batch of heavy vehicles, the coal sample in the sample collector is collected, so that the working strength of the worker is greatly reduced.
5. Ensuring personal safety and reducing occupational disease risk
When manual sampling is carried out, a sampler uses a sampling shovel to work on a coal flow unloaded from a spiral unloader, and the walking unloader is close to a person, so that a cantilever is easily scratched or a fault part falls off and is damaged. Meanwhile, the large coal or gangue in the discharged coal flow has the risks of smashing and falling into a coal discharge ditch to avoid smashing, and the potential safety hazard is large. Secondly, when sampling is carried out on the artificial coal flow, the dust and the fly ash are serious, the working environment is very poor, and even if protective tools such as a mask are used, the risk of silicosis is high.
The sampling mode of the invention is that the coal unloading and sampling are carried out simultaneously, and the subsample is automatically collected in the sample collector. After the coal unloading is finished and the dust and the fly ash are precipitated, workers can collect coal samples by using protective tools such as a mask without any dangerous interference such as operating equipment, the personal health of sampling personnel is guaranteed, and the working safety coefficient is greatly increased.
6. Low cost, simple and practical design
Each price of the mechanical sampling machine is usually over 100 ten thousand yuan, while the cost of the novel train pit coal flow sampling collector is about 100 yuan/unit, the cost is one ten thousand of that of the mechanical sampling machine, and compared with the traditional mechanical sampling machine, the cost is almost negligible. Meanwhile, the sample collector used in the sampling mode has a simple structure and low failure rate, is easy to replace even if in failure, and solves the problems of difficult fault maintenance of the sampling machine and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for sampling coal flow by applying a train trench coal flow sampling system is characterized in that a double-screw coal unloader is started, coal is extruded out of a carriage from a coal unloading port through uniform rotation of the double-screw coal unloader, so that the coal at the top of the carriage falls into a coal sample collecting area far away from a grid net of a discharge trench, the coal at the middle of the carriage falls into a coal sample collecting area at the middle of the grid net of the discharge trench, and the coal at the bottom of the carriage falls into a coal sample collecting area near the grid net of the discharge trench;
after the coal unloading is finished, manually taking out the coal sample in the coal flow sample collector, and carrying out sample mixing, primary division and handover preparation work;
the train ditch coal flow sampling system comprises a plurality of coal flow sample collectors arranged on a grid net of a train ditch unloading grate above a train ditch; the coal flow sample collector is arranged in three coal sample collecting areas, namely a far coal sample collecting area, a middle coal sample collecting area and a near coal sample collecting area, of the unloading ditch grid net divided according to coal flow fall inertia, and is used for collecting longitudinal full-section coal samples in the coal car;
the coal flow sample collector is made of metal, is fixedly arranged in a grid net of a grate of the unloading ditch at two sides, and is provided with a protection chain for preventing coal flow from being impacted and falling;
the volume of the coal flow sample collector is matched with the size of the coal unloading port, and the coal flow sample collector with the same size is arranged at the coal unloading port with the same size.
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