CN113192395A - Can assemble multi-functional shearing type frame construction dynamics experiment model device - Google Patents
Can assemble multi-functional shearing type frame construction dynamics experiment model device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113192395A CN113192395A CN202110492692.6A CN202110492692A CN113192395A CN 113192395 A CN113192395 A CN 113192395A CN 202110492692 A CN202110492692 A CN 202110492692A CN 113192395 A CN113192395 A CN 113192395A
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Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional shearing type dynamics experiment device which comprises a bottom plate, an outer frame, a four-layer frame, a vibration exciter and an excitation motor with a mass eccentric flywheel. The outer frame and the four-layer frame are fixedly connected to the bottom plate, in the four-layer frame, the first layer plate is connected with the bottom plate through the long corner connectors and the long gaskets by the four long columns, the layers of the second layer plate, the third layer plate and the fourth layer plate are connected and fixed through the short corner connectors and the short gaskets by the four short columns, the motor is fixed on the first layer plate through four screws, two through holes are distributed at two ends of the short side of the outer frame respectively and used for connecting the outer frame and the first layer plate through fasteners, two threaded short columns are distributed at two ends of the second layer plate respectively and used for connecting the first layer plate and the second layer plate through connecting pieces, and the vibration exciter is fixed on the outer frame and connected with the first layer plate through ejector rods. The invention is used for structural dynamics experiment teaching, and provides a single degree of freedom system rigidity and damping ratio measurement experiment, a multiple degree of freedom system modal test and a multiple degree of freedom system forced vibration experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of experimental teaching models, and particularly relates to an assembled multifunctional shearing type frame structure dynamics experimental model device.
Background
The experimental teaching is an important component of higher education, and plays an irreplaceable role in other links for culturing talents with higher comprehensive quality. Through experimental teaching, students can master basic methods and skills of experimental research, have the capability of independently developing the experimental research and have basic quality of expanding to related fields. The selection of the experimental teaching content should meet the development requirements of science and technology. In order to adapt to the development of new situations, colleges and universities both at home and abroad actively establish and develop new experimental systems and contents on the basis of the original experimental teaching.
The experiment device has the advantages that the teaching reform of basic mechanics experiments is deepened, the course experiment contents of the students and the graduates are enriched, and a course team autonomously develops the assembled multifunctional shearing type frame structure dynamics experiment model device under the support of the research items of the school self-made equipment, the teaching modification items of the school graduates, the fine course cultivation items of the school graduates and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dynamic experimental model device capable of assembling a multifunctional shearing type frame structure, aiming at the problems that the conventional common experimental model device is single in content, far from form abstraction and actual engineering application, long in class time consumption and general in teaching effect.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
the invention relates to a dynamic experiment model device capable of assembling a multifunctional shearing type frame structure, which comprises a bottom plate, an outer frame, a four-layer shearing type frame, an excitation motor, a vibration exciter and a connecting piece, wherein the outer frame is formed by welding L-shaped angle steel, the four-layer shearing type frame is formed by detachably connecting a first layer plate, a second layer plate, a third layer plate and a fourth layer plate through interlayer columns, the short edge of the outer frame is fixedly connected with the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame through the connecting piece, and the outer frame and the four-layer shearing type frame are fixedly connected with the bottom plate;
the two sides of the second laminate, which are parallel to the long edge of the outer frame, can be further fixedly connected with the first laminate through connecting pieces;
the excitation motor is fixed on the first layer plate, and the vibration exciter is fixed on the short edge of the outer frame and is connected with the first layer plate through the ejector rod;
the bottom plate, the outer frame, the four-layer shearing type frame, the excitation motor, the vibration exciter and the connecting piece are detachably connected through bolts.
Furthermore, the connecting pieces comprise four short connecting pieces with through holes at two ends and four long connecting pieces with through holes at two ends, the short connecting pieces are connected and fixed with the outer frame and the first layer plate through bolts, and the long connecting pieces are connected and fixed with the first layer plate and the second layer plate through bolts.
Furthermore, the four-layer shearing type frame can be connected and fixed with the through hole on the short side of the outer frame through the through hole on the first layer plate through the short connecting piece so as to achieve the effect of reducing the freedom degree of the model, threaded columns are distributed on two sides of the second layer plate parallel to the long side of the outer frame, and the long connecting piece can fix the second layer plate with the first layer plate through the threaded columns so as to achieve the effect of reducing the freedom degree of the model.
Furthermore, the outer frame is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through bolts through holes in rectangular steel plates welded at the lower four corners, and the four-layer shearing type frame is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through long columns, long corner connectors and long gaskets.
Furthermore, the first layer plate is connected with the bottom plate through four long columns, and the first layer plate is connected with the second layer plate, the second layer plate is connected with the third layer plate, and the third layer plate is connected with the fourth layer plate through four short columns.
Furthermore, the long column and the short column are respectively clamped at two ends by the long gasket and the short gasket and are fixed on each layer plate by the long L-shaped angle code and the short L-shaped angle code.
Furthermore, the long columns and the short columns are rectangular in long strip shape, the length is far longer than the width, and the width is obviously longer than the thickness.
Furthermore, an eccentric mass block is arranged on a flywheel of the excitation motor to provide simple harmonic excitation, a through hole is formed in the flywheel, the mass block is attached through a screw and a nut, the excitation motor is fixedly connected with the first layer plate through a base through hole, the centroid of a motor base plate corresponds to the centroid of the first layer plate when the motor is installed, and the vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the through hole in the short edge of the outer frame through a self-contained base through a bolt and is connected with the first layer plate through a push rod to provide external excitation.
Furthermore, the corner connectors, the gaskets, the columns, the plates and the connecting pieces are all rigid pieces.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the multifunctional shear type frame dynamics experiment model device capable of being assembled has the following advantages:
according to the dynamic experiment model device capable of assembling the multifunctional shearing type frame structure, all structural components are connected through the bolts, and can be quickly disassembled and assembled into systems with different degrees of freedom, so that the device is conveniently applied to teaching experiments, and the following purposes are achieved:
1. the self-made equipment can be used for developing experimental items and contents such as single-freedom-degree system interlayer rigidity and damping ratio test, multi-freedom-degree system inherent frequency and vibration type test, forced vibration test, centralized mass method theoretical modeling, finite element method numerical modeling, model correction and the like, all contents belong to the category of structural dynamics courses, and the self-made equipment has strong specialty and scientific background, and students can better master scientific experimental methods and operating skills through experiments;
2. the self-made equipment has the characteristics of flexible disassembly, flexible assembly, variable degree of freedom, small occupied space, multiple functions and the like, and can complete related experimental projects by matching with the excitation motor and the speed regulator and combining with a general dynamic data acquisition system;
3. the self-made equipment can be used for experimental teaching links of courses such as structural dynamics, structural dynamics course design, experimental mechanics, engineering mechanics experiments and the like of the student in the department, high-grade structural dynamics, experimental modal parameter identification and the like of the student, and plays a positive role in promoting the teaching method.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an overall structure of a dynamic experimental model device capable of assembling a multifunctional shear-type frame structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the outer frame of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a connection route of an experimental apparatus according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another experimental setup connection scheme according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a connection scheme of the experimental apparatus in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a connection scheme of the experimental apparatus of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an assembly multifunctional shear-type frame structure dynamics experiment model device, including a bottom plate, an outer frame, a four-layer shear-type frame, an excitation motor, a vibration exciter, and a connecting member, where the four-layer shear-type frame includes a first layer plate, a second layer plate, a third layer plate, and a fourth layer plate, the first layer plate and the bottom plate are fixedly connected by bolts through four long columns, sixteen long L-shaped corner codes, and sixteen long gaskets, and specifically, the long L-shaped corner codes and the long gaskets are used in cooperation, and respectively clamp two ends of the long columns in bilateral symmetry, and are fixed on the bottom plate and the first layer plate through bolts; the first layer plate and the second layer plate are fixedly connected through four short columns, sixteen short L-shaped corner connectors and sixteen short gaskets through bolts, specifically, the short L-shaped corner connectors and the short gaskets are matched for use, two ends of the short columns are respectively clamped in a bilateral symmetry mode, and the short L-shaped corner connectors and the short gaskets penetrate through and are fixed on the first layer plate and the second layer plate through the bolts; the interlayer connection structure of the second layer plate and the third layer plate, the interlayer connection structure of the third layer plate and the fourth layer plate is the same as the interlayer connection structure of the first layer plate and the second layer plate, and the description is omitted; referring to fig. 2, the outer frame is formed by welding L-shaped angle steels, two through holes are distributed at two ends of a short edge of the outer frame respectively, the through holes are used for connecting the outer frame and the first layer plate through connecting pieces, square steel sheets with through holes are welded at four bottom corners of the outer frame respectively, and the through holes in the steel sheets are used for connecting the outer frame and the bottom plate through bolts.
Preferably, the connecting pieces comprise four short connecting pieces with through holes at two ends and four long connecting pieces with through holes at two ends, the short connecting pieces are connected and fixed with the outer frame and the first layer plate through bolts, and the long connecting pieces are connected and fixed with the first layer plate and the second layer plate through bolts.
Preferably, the four-layer shearing type frame can be connected and fixed with the through hole on the short side of the outer frame through the through hole on the first layer plate by a short connecting piece, so that the effect of reducing the freedom degree of the model is achieved; preferably, threaded columns are distributed on two sides of the second layer plate parallel to the long edge of the outer frame, and the long connecting piece can fix the second layer plate and the first layer plate through the threaded columns, so that the effect of reducing the freedom degree of the model is achieved.
Preferably, an eccentric mass block is mounted on a flywheel of the excitation motor to provide simple harmonic excitation, a through hole is formed in the flywheel, the mass block is attached through a screw and a nut, the excitation motor is fixedly connected with a first layer plate of the four-layer shear type frame through a base through hole, the centroid of a bottom plate of the excitation motor corresponds to the centroid of the first layer plate when the excitation motor is mounted, and the vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the first layer plate through the through hole in the short edge of the outer frame through a self-contained base and a bolt and is connected with the first layer plate through a push rod.
Preferably, the long columns and the short columns are rectangular long strips, the length is far longer than the width, and the width is obviously longer than the thickness; preferably, the bottom plate, the outer frame, the four-layer shear type frame, the excitation motor, the vibration exciter and the connecting piece are detachably connected through bolts; preferably, the corner brace, the gasket, the column, the plate and the fastener are all rigid pieces.
The purpose of this device is: in the experimental teaching process, students deepen understanding of basic dynamics theories such as single-degree-of-freedom, multi-degree-of-freedom free damping vibration, forced vibration and the like, master the theoretical modeling and approximate solution of a multi-degree-of-freedom system, master basic steps and methods (hammering method/vibration exciter method) of complex structure modal experiments, know about the dynamics characteristics of the multi-degree-of-freedom system, know about the basic working principle of a dynamic testing instrument, know about the basic operation process and use method of modal analysis software, and know about the basic modeling and modal analysis process of finite element software.
Example 1:
the measurement of the interlayer stiffness to damping ratio comprises the following steps:
1. measurement of stiffness to damping ratio between short column layers
1.1 connecting the circuit according to the experimental device diagram, as shown in FIG. 3: the outer frame is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the first layer plate and the second layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame are fixedly connected, the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, and meanwhile the first layer plate and the outer frame are fixedly connected through a connecting piece.
1.2 set the parameters of the instrument.
1.3 operating the computer, calling out DSPS (dynamic signal processing software), setting parameters such as sampling frequency, sampling line number, amplitude range and the like.
1.4. The vibration is freely damped.
And giving an initial displacement to the second layer plate, and sampling an acceleration signal. The three good signals are selected and recorded, and the period Td, the frequency fd, the rigidity k, the logarithmic decrement coefficient delta and the damping ratio zeta of the free damped vibration are obtained according to the recorded acceleration damped vibration signals.
1.5. A picture of data and a copy of its data.
1.6. And (5) turning off the power supply of the instrument, and finishing the experiment.
2. Measurement of stiffness to damping ratio between long column layers
2.1 connect the circuit according to the experimental device diagram, as shown in fig. 4: the outer frame is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the first layer plate and the second layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame are fixedly connected, the first layer plate and the bottom plate of the four-layer shearing type frame are fixedly connected, and meanwhile the first layer plate and the second layer plate are fixedly connected through connecting pieces.
2.2 set the parameters of the instrument.
2.3 operating the computer, calling out DSPS (dynamic signal processing software), setting parameters such as sampling frequency, sampling line number, amplitude range and the like.
2.4. The vibration is freely damped.
And giving an initial displacement to the first layer plate and the second layer plate, and sampling an acceleration signal. The three good signals are selected for recording, and the cycle Td, the rigidity k, the frequency fd, the logarithmic decrement coefficient delta and the damping ratio zeta of the free damped vibration are obtained according to the recorded acceleration damped vibration signals.
2.5. A picture of data and a copy of its data.
2.6. And (5) turning off the power supply of the instrument, and finishing the experiment.
Example 2:
the modal test for measuring the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the four-degree-of-freedom system comprises the following steps:
1.1 the circuit is connected according to the test device diagram, as shown in fig. 5: fixedly connecting the outer frame with the bottom plate, fixedly connecting the first layer plate, the second layer plate, the third layer plate and the fourth layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame, and connecting the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame with the bottom plate.
1.2, switching on a power supply, operating a computer, calling out a DSPS (dynamic signal processing software), and setting parameters such as sampling frequency, display line number, average mode, amplitude range and the like.
1.3 the frequency response function is measured by hammering.
(1) The test adopts a single-point excitation and multi-point measurement method. And knocking the second layer plate of the model by using a force measuring hammer, and sampling a force signal and acceleration signals of each layer. The force signal of the second layer and the acceleration signal of each layer are processed by a DSPS (dynamic signal processing software) program, and frequency response functions H12, H22, H32 and H42 between each point can be obtained.
(2) Data processing: the natural frequency of each order can be measured by observing the amplitude-frequency characteristic and the phase-frequency characteristic of the frequency response function, and the main vibration mode of each order is drawn.
1.4 data pictures and copies of their data.
1.5 the instrument is powered off and the experiment is finished.
Example 3:
the method for observing the resonance phenomenon of the multi-degree-of-freedom system under forced vibration comprises the following steps:
1.1 the circuit is connected according to the test set diagram, as shown in fig. 6: the method comprises the following steps of fixedly connecting an outer frame with a bottom plate, fixedly connecting a first layer plate, a second layer plate, a third layer plate and a fourth layer plate of a four-layer shearing type frame, fixedly connecting the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame with the bottom plate, fixedly installing an excitation motor on the first layer plate, fixedly installing a vibration exciter on a short edge of the outer frame, and connecting the vibration exciter with the first layer plate through an ejector rod.
1.2 power-on, computer operation, call-out of DSPS (dynamic Signal processing software), open power spectral Density Window.
1.3 the natural frequency of the system is measured by a forced vibration method: starting the motor, adjusting the knob and gradually increasing the rotating speed of the motor. When the 1 st order resonance of the system occurs, the frequency of the motor rotating speed corresponding to the peak value of the power spectral density is recorded. Continuously increasing the rotating speed of the motor, respectively obtaining the rotating speed of the motor corresponding to 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th order resonances and the frequency corresponding to the power spectral density peak value, and closing the motor; and starting the vibration exciter, inputting a sine signal through the signal generating device, enabling the vibration exciter to apply sine excitation to the four-layer shearing type frame, sequentially adjusting the frequency of the sinusoidal signal to be 1, 2,3 and 4 orders of natural frequency, and observing the resonance phenomenon.
1.4 data processing: and converting the recorded motor rotating speed into the frequency of the exciting force so as to obtain the inherent frequency value of each order, and comparing the obtained inherent frequency value with the frequency value corresponding to the power spectral density peak value.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as the subject matter of the invention is to be construed in all aspects and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A dynamic experiment model device capable of assembling a multifunctional shear type frame structure is characterized by mainly comprising a bottom plate, an outer frame, a four-layer shear type frame, an excitation motor, a vibration exciter and a connecting piece, wherein the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of through holes;
the outer frame is formed by welding L-shaped angle steel, the four-layer shearing type frame is formed by detachably connecting a first layer plate, a second layer plate, a third layer plate and a fourth layer plate through interlayer columns, the short edge of the outer frame is fixedly connected with the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame through a connecting piece, and the outer frame and the four-layer shearing type frame are fixedly connected with the bottom plate;
the two sides of the second laminate, which are parallel to the long edge of the outer frame, can be further fixedly connected with the first laminate through connecting pieces;
the excitation motor is fixed on the first layer plate, and the vibration exciter is fixed on the short edge of the outer frame and is connected with the first layer plate through the ejector rod;
the bottom plate, the outer frame, the four-layer shearing type frame, the excitation motor, the vibration exciter and the connecting piece are detachably connected through bolts.
2. The dynamic experiment model device for assembling the multifunctional shearing type frame structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting members comprise four short connecting members with through holes at two ends and four long connecting members with through holes at two ends, the short connecting members are used for connecting and fixing the outer frame and the first layer plate through bolts, and the long connecting members are used for connecting and fixing the first layer plate and the second layer plate through bolts.
3. The dynamic experiment model device of claim 2, wherein the four-layer shear frame can be connected and fixed to the short side of the outer frame by the short connecting member through the through hole of the first layer plate, the two sides of the second layer plate parallel to the long side of the outer frame are provided with threaded posts, and the long connecting member can fix the second layer plate to the first layer plate through the threaded posts, so as to reduce the freedom of the model.
4. The dynamic experiment model device of an assembled multifunctional shearing type frame structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer frame is fixed to the bottom plate by bolts through holes on rectangular steel plates welded at four corners, and the four-layer shearing type frame is fixed to the bottom plate by long columns, long corner connectors and long gaskets.
5. The dynamic experiment model device for the assembled multifunctional shearing frame structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first plate and the bottom plate are connected through four long columns, and the first plate and the second plate, the second plate and the third plate, and the third plate and the fourth plate are connected through four short columns.
6. The dynamic experiment model device of an assembled multifunctional shearing frame structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the long and short columns are respectively held at both ends by long and short gaskets, and fixed on each layer plate by long and short L-shaped corner connectors.
7. The dynamic experiment model device of an assembled multifunctional shearing frame structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the long and short columns are rectangular long strips, the length is much longer than the width, and the width is much longer than the thickness.
8. The dynamic experiment model device of an assembled multifunctional shear-type frame structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the excitation motor has an eccentric mass block on its flywheel to provide simple harmonic excitation, the flywheel has a through hole, the mass block is attached by a screw and a nut, the excitation motor is fixed to the first layer plate through a base through hole, the centroid of the motor base plate corresponds to the centroid of the first layer plate when the motor is installed, and the vibration exciter is fixed to the first layer plate through a bolt via a through hole on the short side of the outer frame and a pin to provide external excitation.
9. The dynamic experiment model device for assembling the multifunctional shearing type frame structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the corner connectors, the gaskets, the columns, the plates and the connecting pieces are all rigid pieces.
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