CN113174516B - Scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MDKXFHZSHLHFLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynecobalt Chemical compound [Al].[Co] MDKXFHZSHLHFLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 aluminum manganese Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- LUKDNTKUBVKBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum scandium Chemical compound [Al].[Sc] LUKDNTKUBVKBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sc 0.15-0.2%, Si: 9.5-11.5%, Mg: 0.1-0.35%, Mn: 0.08-0.3%, Zn: 0.01-0.2 percent of scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy, 0.2-1.0 percent of Co, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy has a composition proportion relation satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2): less than or equal to 0.8 ({ Mn } + { Zn })/{ Mg } < 1.0 … … (1); { Co }/{ Mg } > 1.5 … … (2); wherein { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } respectively represent the weight percentages of Mn, Zn, Mg and Co in the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy. According to the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy, scandium, manganese, zinc and cobalt elements are added into the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the percentage contents of { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } are strictly controlled, so that the effect of refining aluminum dendrites and eutectic silicon can be achieved, the strength and toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy are remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the precipitation of unbalanced items of alloy elements is overcome through an effective heat treatment process. Through the regulation and control of the components of the material, the alloy generates a natural aging effect within room temperature aging time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation process thereof, in particular to a scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The high-performance aluminum alloy is a necessary basis for realizing lightweight of modern transportation tools, and has great demand in national defense equipment. In the current global automobile manufacturing industry, the average dosage of aluminum alloy of each automobile exceeds 120kg, which accounts for about 10 percent of the total weight of the whole automobile, and the oil consumption can be reduced by 0.7L/100km when the weight of the automobile is reduced by 100kg, so that the lightweight design becomes the most key index for the design of the current fuel oil type and new energy vehicles, and the trend of replacing steel with aluminum is continuously increased. In recent years, die-cast aluminum alloys have been widely used in the automobile industry to replace heavier materials of the same type, however, commercial aluminum alloys cannot provide yield strength of 200MPa or more and ultimate tensile strength of 330MPa or more, and satisfactory ductility in an as-cast state, and most of aluminum alloys are produced by heat treatment, which results in large cost consumption, and thus, higher requirements are placed on the alloy material and the production process thereof.
The aluminum-silicon die casting alloy has wide application because of small crystallization temperature interval, large silicon phase solidification crystallization latent heat and specific heat capacity, small linear shrinkage, good flowing property and filling property, and small hot cracking and loosening tendency. Under actual casting conditions, namely unbalanced solidification, primary alpha-Al in a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy microstructure is in a coarse dendritic shape, and the alloy performance is seriously influenced by a lamellar eutectic Si phase and a needle-shaped Fe-rich phase (such as beta-Al 5 FeSi). Therefore, the aluminum-silicon alloy alpha-Al crystal grain can be refined in industrial production, and the eutectic Si and the Fe-rich phase are modified and modified to be more widely applied.
Scandium has a strong grain refining effect on aluminum and aluminum alloy, and the effect is more obvious than other transition group elements. The aluminum alloy is alloyed in a trace amount, so that the strength, toughness, corrosion resistance and welding performance of the alloy can be effectively improved. The scandium-containing aluminum alloy becomes a new-generation lightweight structural material for aviation, aerospace and ships after aluminum-lithium alloy. How to use scandium to improve the microstructure of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, refine the crystalline grains and modify the eutectic silicon form in the aluminum-silicon alloy, improve the toughness of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy and is of great importance for expanding the application range of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
The invention aims to develop a high-strength scandium-containing die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low strength, poor toughness and insufficient ductility of commercial aluminum alloy in an as-cast state in the prior art, and provides a scandium-containing high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation process of the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
sc 0.15-0.2%, Si: 9.5-11.5%, Mg: 0.1-0.35%, Mn: 0.08-0.3%, Zn: 0.01-0.2 percent of scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy, 0.2-1.0 percent of Co, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy has a composition proportion relation satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2):
0.8≤({Mn}+{Zn})/{Mg}≤1.0……(1)；
{Co}/{Mg}≧1.5……(2)；
wherein { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } respectively represent the weight percentages of Mn, Zn, Mg and Co in the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
The alloying degree of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy is relatively high, so that the alloy is extremely easy to generate element segregation in the solidification process, and the coarse eutectic structures are gathered at the crystal points due to the nonequilibrium crystallization effect generated when the alloy is rapidly cooled. Meanwhile, the rapid cooling of the alloy can generate strong internal stress in the matrix. Both the precipitation of non-equilibrium terms and the generation of internal stresses can cause a decrease in the workability of the material, affecting the properties of the final alloy article (strength, toughness and corrosion resistance)
According to the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy, scandium, manganese, zinc and cobalt elements are added into the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the percentage contents of { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } are strictly controlled, so that the effect of refining aluminum dendrites and eutectic silicon can be achieved, the strength and toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy are remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the precipitation of unbalanced items of alloy elements is overcome through an effective heat treatment process. The alloy can generate natural aging effect within room temperature aging time through the component regulation and control of the material.
Wherein the content range epsilon (0.8-1.0) of ({ Mn } + { Zn })/{ Mg }, the inventor of the application finds that the total content of ({ Mn } + { Zn }) and the ratio corresponding to the { Mg } content have obvious influence on the comprehensive performance of the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy. When the total content of { Mn } + { Zn }) is too low, the effect of solving the high strength and toughness cannot be achieved, but the { Mg } content is also correlated, and considering that the content of ({ Mn } + { Zn }) is influenced by the { Mg } content.
The addition of Co (cobalt) improves the strength better. Therefore, from the viewpoint of improving the alloy characteristics, the higher the amount of Co added, the better. However, since the solid solubility of Co in the aluminum matrix is relatively small, excessive addition is of no significance. If the content of Co is too small, it is difficult to effectively achieve the strength target of the present invention. Therefore, the content of Co must be controlled to 0.2 to 1.0%. And the dosage of the cobalt is also required to be related to the content of the { Mg }, and the content of the Co (cobalt) is influenced by the content of the { Mg }.
Preferably, the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
sc 0.16-0.18%, Si: 10.5-11.0%, Mg: 0.15-0.30%, Mn: 0.1-0.20%, Zn: 0.05 to 0.10 percent of scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Co, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy has a composition proportion relation satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2):
({Mn}+{Zn})/{Mg}＝1……(1)；
{Co}/{Mg}≧2.0……(2)；
wherein { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } respectively represent the weight percentages of Mn, Zn, Mg and Co in the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
Preferably, the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
sc is 0.18%, Si: 10.0%, Mg: 0.2%, Mn: 0.195%, Zn: 0.05%, Co 0.5%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, any one or more elements of Fe, Cr, Zr and Ti are further included, and the total amount thereof is 1.0wt% or less.
Preferably, the total amount of any one or more of Fe, Cr, Zr and Ti is 0.4 to 0.6 wt%.
The other elements may contain Fe, Cr, Zr, and Ti, as the case may be. Fe, Cr, Zr and Ti have the functions of refining the cast crystal grains and slowing down element segregation; when one or more of Fe, Cr, Zr and Ti elements are contained, the total content is preferably 0.01 wt% or more in order to sufficiently exhibit the above-mentioned various effects. However, when the content of each element is too large, the hot workability or cold workability is likely to be lowered, and the raw material cost is likely to be increased. Therefore, the total content of these elements is preferably controlled to 1.0wt% or less.
Preferably, it has an average grain diameter of 8 to 12 μm. As a result of the detailed investigation by the present inventors, if the final average crystal grain size is 8 μm or more and 12 μm or less, the above-mentioned desired objects of the present invention for toughness and strength can be satisfied at the same time.
A preparation process of scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
step S1 smelting: putting a pure aluminum ingot into a melter, heating to 750 ℃ with the temperature increased to 730 plus materials, spreading a layer of covering agent after the aluminum block is half-melted, after the aluminum liquid is completely melted, heating to 820 ℃ with the temperature increased to 800 plus materials, sequentially putting aluminum silicon and aluminum manganese in proportion during the heating process, after the temperature is increased to 820 ℃ with the temperature increased to 800 plus materials, sequentially adding aluminum scandium and aluminum cobalt in proportion, uniformly stirring and preserving the temperature for 30-45min after melting, cooling to 720 ℃ with the temperature increased to 700 plus materials, adding pure magnesium ingot and zinc ingot, uniformly stirring and refining, degassing by using a rotary blowing high-purity argon method after refining for 15-30min, deslagging after degassing time is 15-30min, preserving the temperature and standing for 15-20min with the temperature increased to 680 plus materials, detecting chemical components, and finishing casting after the component contents reach standards to obtain mixed aluminum liquid;
step S2 die casting: carrying out standard extrusion casting on the smelted mixed aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 660-690 ℃, and controlling the temperature of a mold at 200-220 ℃;
step S3 heat treatment: the casting is subjected to solution treatment at 440-450 ℃ for 4-6h, and then artificial aging at 150-160 ℃ for 4-12h or natural aging for 12-24h is selected.
Preferably, in step S1, the heating rate of the heating process is 1.5-2.0 deg.C/min.
Preferably, the heat treatment in the step S3 adopts artificial aging treatment, and the treatment time is 6-8 h.
Preferably, the heat treatment in the step S3 adopts natural aging treatment, and the treatment time is 16-20 h.
In the embodiment of the invention, the performances after different aging treatment modes are as follows: after the artificial aging treatment, the tensile strength is 340-360 Mpa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 220MP, and the elongation is 4-5%; after natural aging treatment, the tensile strength is 320-350 MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 180MPa, and the elongation is 6-8%. After artificial aging, the strength performance of the material is improved to some extent compared with natural aging, but the elongation is reduced to some extent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy, scandium, manganese, zinc and cobalt elements are added into the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the percentage contents of { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } are strictly controlled, so that the effect of refining aluminum dendrites and eutectic silicon can be achieved, the strength and toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy are remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the precipitation of unbalanced items of alloy elements is overcome through an effective heat treatment process. The alloy can generate natural aging effect within room temperature aging time through the component regulation and control of the material.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples.
Example 1:
the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sc is 0.15%, Si: 9.5%, Mg: 0.1%, Mn: 0.08%, Zn: 0.01 percent of scandium, 0.2 percent of Co, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy has the composition proportion relation satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2):
0.8 ≦ ({ Mn } + { Zn })/{ Mg } ≦ 1.0 … … (1), specifically ({ Mn } + { Zn })/{ Mg } ═ 0.9;
{ Co }/{ Mg } > 1.5 … … (2); specifically, { Co }/{ Mg } ═ 2;
wherein { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } respectively represent the weight percentages of Mn, Zn, Mg and Co in the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
The high-toughness scandium-containing aluminum-silicon alloy of example 1 had an average crystal grain diameter of 8 to 12 μm. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
step S1 smelting: putting a pure aluminum ingot into a melter, heating to 740-;
step S2 die casting: carrying out standard extrusion casting on the smelted mixed aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 660-670 ℃, and controlling the temperature of a die at 200-210 ℃;
step S3 heat treatment: the casting is subjected to solution treatment for 6h at 440 ℃, and then artificial aging for 12h at 150 ℃ is selected. In step S1, the heating rates in the heating process are all 1.5 ℃/min.
The scandium-containing high-toughness Al-Si alloy in example 1 has a tensile strength of 342MPa, a yield strength of 232MP and an elongation of 4.2%
Example 2:
the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
sc is 0.2%, and Si: 11.5%, Mg: 0.35%, Mn: 0.3%, Zn: 0.05 percent, Co 1.0 percent and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy has the composition proportion relation satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2):
less than or equal to 0.8 ({ Mn } + { Zn })/{ Mg } < 1.0 … … (1); specifically ({ Mn } + { Zn })/{ Mg } ═ 1.0;
{ Co }/{ Mg } > 1.5 … … (2); specifically, { Co }/{ Mg } -, 2.858;
wherein { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } respectively represent the weight percentages of Mn, Zn, Mg and Co in the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
The scandium-containing high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy of example 2 had an average crystal grain diameter of 8 to 12 μm. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
step S1 smelting: putting a pure aluminum ingot into a melter, heating to 740-;
step S2 die casting: carrying out standard extrusion casting on the smelted mixed aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 680-690 ℃ and controlling the temperature of a die at 210-220 ℃;
step S3 heat treatment: the casting is subjected to solution treatment for 4h at 450 ℃, and then artificial aging for 4h at 160 ℃ is selected.
The scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness Al-Si alloy in example 2 has a tensile strength of 352MPa, a yield strength of 236MP and an elongation of 4.49%
Example 3:
the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
sc is 0.16%, Si: 10.5%, Mg: 0.15%, Mn: 0.1%, Zn: 0.05 percent of scandium, 0.4 percent of Co and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy has the composition proportion relation satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2):
({Mn}+{Zn})/{Mg}＝1……(1)；
{Co}/{Mg}＝2.667……(2)；
wherein { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } respectively represent the weight percentages of Mn, Zn, Mg and Co in the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
Example 3 had an average grain diameter of 8-12 μm. The preparation process comprises the following steps: step S1 smelting: putting a pure aluminum ingot into a melter, heating to 740-;
step S2 die casting: carrying out standard extrusion casting on the smelted mixed aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 660 ℃ and controlling the temperature of a mould at 220 ℃;
step S3 heat treatment: the casting is subjected to solution treatment for 4h at 450 ℃, and natural aging is selected for 12 h.
The scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness Al-Si alloy in example 3 has a tensile strength of 328MPa, a yield strength of 186MP and an elongation of 6.9%
Example 4:
the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
sc is 0.18%, Si: 11.0%, Mg: 0.20%, Mn: 0.1%, Zn: 0.10 percent of scandium, 0.6 percent of Co0.6 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy has a composition proportion relation satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2):
({Mn}+{Zn})/{Mg}＝1……(1)；
{Co}/{Mg}＝3.0……(2)；
wherein { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } respectively represent the weight percentages of Mn, Zn, Mg and Co in the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
The scandium-containing high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy of example 4 had an average crystal grain diameter of 8 to 12 μm. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
step S1 smelting: putting a pure aluminum ingot into a melter, heating to 745 ℃ and 750 ℃, spraying a layer of covering agent after the aluminum block is semi-molten, after the aluminum liquid is completely molten, heating to 810 ℃ and 820 ℃, sequentially adding aluminum silicon and aluminum manganese according to the proportion in the heating process, when the temperature is increased to 810 ℃ and 820 ℃, sequentially adding aluminum scandium and aluminum cobalt according to the proportion, uniformly stirring and preserving heat for 40-45min after melting, cooling to 710 ℃ and 720 ℃, adding a pure magnesium ingot and a zinc ingot, uniformly stirring and refining, degassing by using a rotary blowing high-purity argon method after refining for 25-30min, deslagging after degassing for 25-30min, preserving heat at 680 ℃ and 690 ℃ for 15-20min, carrying out chemical component detection, and finishing casting after the component content reaches the standard to obtain mixed aluminum liquid;
step S2 die casting: carrying out standard extrusion casting on the smelted mixed aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 680-690 ℃ and controlling the temperature of a die at 210-220 ℃;
step S3 heat treatment: the casting is subjected to solution treatment for 4 hours at 450 ℃, and then natural aging is selected for 24 hours.
The scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness Al-Si alloy in example 4 has a tensile strength of 332MPa, a yield strength of 196MP and an elongation of 7.29%
Example 5:
the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: sc is 0.18%, Si: 10.0%, Mg: 0.2%, Mn: 0.195%, Zn: 0.05%, Co 0.5%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation process is the same as in example 1.
The scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy of example 5 had a tensile strength of 352MPa, a yield strength of 232MP, and an elongation of 4.6%
Example 6:
basically, the method is the same as the method in example 1, except that the method further comprises the following steps: fe. The total amount of Cr was 0.4 wt%, 0.2% each.
The scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness Al-Si alloy in example 6 has a tensile strength of 353MPa, a yield strength of 235MP and an elongation of 4.35%
Example 7
Basically, the method is the same as the method in example 1, except that the method further comprises the following steps: zr and Ti, the total amount being 0.6wt%, 0.3% each.
The scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness Al-Si alloy in example 7 has a tensile strength of 355MPa, a yield strength of 234MP and an elongation of 4.3%
Example 8
Basically, the method is the same as the method in example 1, except that the method further comprises the following steps: fe. Cr, Zr and Ti, the total amount being 1.0wt%
The scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness Al-Si alloy in example 8 has a tensile strength of 360MPa, a yield strength of 242MP and an elongation of 4.6%
The alloying degree of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy is relatively high, so that the alloy is extremely easy to generate element segregation in the solidification process, and the coarse eutectic structures are gathered at the crystal points due to the nonequilibrium crystallization effect generated when the alloy is rapidly cooled. Meanwhile, the rapid cooling of the alloy can generate strong internal stress in the matrix. Both the precipitation of non-equilibrium terms and the generation of internal stresses can cause a decrease in the workability of the material, affecting the properties of the final alloy article (strength, toughness and corrosion resistance)
According to the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy, scandium, manganese, zinc and cobalt elements are added into the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the percentage contents of { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } are strictly controlled, so that the effect of refining aluminum dendrites and eutectic silicon can be achieved, the strength and toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy are remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the precipitation of unbalanced items of alloy elements is overcome through an effective heat treatment process. The alloy can generate natural aging effect within room temperature aging time through the component regulation and control of the material.
Wherein the content range epsilon (0.8-1.0) of ({ Mn } + { Zn })/{ Mg }, the inventor of the application finds that the total content of ({ Mn } + { Zn }) and the ratio corresponding to the { Mg } content have obvious influence on the comprehensive performance of the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy. When the total content of { Mn } + { Zn }) is too low, the effect of solving the high strength and toughness cannot be achieved, but the { Mg } content is also correlated, and considering that the content of ({ Mn } + { Zn }) is influenced by the { Mg } content.
The addition of Co (cobalt) improves the strength better. Therefore, from the viewpoint of improving the alloy characteristics, the higher the amount of Co added, the better. However, since the solid solubility of Co in the aluminum matrix is relatively small, excessive addition is of no significance. If the content of Co is too small, it is difficult to effectively achieve the strength target of the present invention. Therefore, the content of Co must be controlled to 0.2 to 1.0%. And the dosage of the cobalt is also required to be related to the content of the { Mg }, and the content of the Co (cobalt) is influenced by the content of the { Mg }.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized in that: the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
sc 0.15-0.2%, Si: 9.5-11.5%, Mg: 0.1-0.35%, Mn: 0.08-0.3%, Zn: 0.01-0.2 percent of scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy, 0.2-1.0 percent of Co, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy has a composition proportion relation satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2):
0.8≤（{Mn}+{Zn}）/{Mg}≤1.0 ……(1)；
{Co}/{Mg}≧1.5 ……(2)；
wherein { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } respectively represent the weight percentages of Mn, Zn, Mg and Co in the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
2. The scandium-containing high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
sc 0.16-0.18%, Si: 10.5-11.0%, Mg: 0.15-0.30%, Mn: 0.1-0.20%, Zn: 0.05 to 0.10 percent of scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Co, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the scandium-containing high-strength aluminum-silicon alloy has a composition proportion relation satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2):
（{Mn}+{Zn}）/{Mg}=1 ……(1)；
{Co}/{Mg}≧2.0 ……(2)；
wherein { Mn }, { Zn }, { Mg } and { Co } respectively represent the weight percentages of Mn, Zn, Mg and Co in the scandium-containing high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy.
3. The scandium-containing high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
sc is 0.18%, Si: 10.0%, Mg: 0.2%, Mn: 0.195%, Zn: 0.05%, Co 0.5%, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
4. The scandium-containing high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: further comprises one or more elements selected from Fe, Cr, Zr and Ti, and the total amount thereof is 1.0wt% or less.
5. The scandium-containing high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 3, wherein: fe. One or more elements selected from Cr, Zr and Ti in a total amount of 0.4 to 0.6 wt%.
6. The scandium-containing high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein: has an average grain diameter of 8 to 12 μm.
7. A preparation process of the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1 smelting: putting a pure aluminum ingot into a melter, heating to 750 ℃ with the temperature increased to 730 plus materials, spreading a layer of covering agent after the aluminum block is half-melted, after the aluminum liquid is completely melted, heating to 820 ℃ with the temperature increased to 800 plus materials, sequentially putting aluminum silicon and aluminum manganese in proportion during the heating process, after the temperature is increased to 820 ℃ with the temperature increased to 800 plus materials, sequentially adding aluminum scandium and aluminum cobalt in proportion, uniformly stirring and preserving the temperature for 30-45min after melting, cooling to 720 ℃ with the temperature increased to 700 plus materials, adding pure magnesium ingot and zinc ingot, uniformly stirring and refining, degassing by using a rotary blowing high-purity argon method after refining for 15-30min, deslagging after degassing time is 15-30min, preserving the temperature and standing for 15-20min with the temperature increased to 680 plus materials, detecting chemical components, and finishing casting after the component contents reach standards to obtain mixed aluminum liquid;
step S2 die casting: carrying out standard extrusion casting on the smelted mixed aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 660-690 ℃, and controlling the temperature of a mold at 200-220 ℃;
step S3 heat treatment: the casting is subjected to solution treatment at 440-450 ℃ for 4-6h, and then artificial aging at 150-160 ℃ for 4-12h or natural aging for 12-24h is selected.
8. The preparation process of the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the heating rates in the heating process are all 1.5-2.0 ℃/min.
9. The preparation process of the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: and step S3, the heat treatment adopts artificial aging treatment, and the treatment time is 6-8 h.
10. The preparation process of the scandium-containing high-strength high-toughness aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: and step S3, natural aging treatment is adopted for the heat treatment, and the treatment time is 16-20 h.
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