CN113155592B - Metal material low temperature tensile test device - Google Patents
Metal material low temperature tensile test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113155592B CN113155592B CN202110375924.XA CN202110375924A CN113155592B CN 113155592 B CN113155592 B CN 113155592B CN 202110375924 A CN202110375924 A CN 202110375924A CN 113155592 B CN113155592 B CN 113155592B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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Abstract
The invention provides a metal material low-temperature tensile test device, which solves the technical problem that the conventional universal and simple low-temperature tensile test device is lacked, and is provided with a heat-insulating barrel, wherein an upper support frame is detachably and fixedly arranged in the heat-insulating barrel, a lower support frame is arranged below the upper support frame, a cavity is arranged at the bottom of the heat-insulating barrel at an interval, and the cavity is provided with a lower support frame descending buffer area and a refrigerant storage area; the upper clamp is arranged on the upper support frame, the lower clamp is arranged on the lower support frame, and the upper clamp and the lower clamp are arranged at an interval in an opposite mode and are respectively used for clamping the upper end and the lower end of a metal sample; the force transfer plate is connected with the guide pillar, the force transfer plate is arranged above the upper support frame, and the guide pillar downwards penetrates through the upper support frame and extends out to be connected with the lower support frame; when the force transmission plate is pressed downwards, the guide pillar drives the lower support frame to enter the lower support frame descending buffer zone downwards, so that the lower clamp is driven to stretch the metal sample downwards, and the device can be widely applied to the field of metal material mechanical property testing.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of mechanical property testing of metal materials, and particularly relates to a low-temperature tensile test device for a metal material.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industries, more and more metal materials need to be used in low-temperature environments, such as low-temperature pressure vessels, bridges, building materials and the like, so that the accurate measurement of various mechanical properties of the materials is very important, and especially tensile property indexes such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and shrinkage of samples are important.
At present, a normal temperature tensile test is performed by directly clamping a metal sample on a chuck of a tensile testing machine, and tightening a screw to clamp the sample. However, since the metal specimen is directly tested on the tensile tester, it is difficult to secure the liquid nitrogen condition required for the low temperature tensile test, and the tensile tester may be damaged. In addition, if the ultra-low temperature experiment is carried out without using a special ultra-low temperature tensile testing machine, the accuracy of the experimental data is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, the mechanical property measurement of the metal material under the low temperature environment, especially the tensile test, has lacked a universal and simple low temperature tensile test device due to the limitation of the equipment and the related conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical defects and provide a universal and simple low-temperature tensile test device for metal materials.
Therefore, the invention provides a low-temperature tensile test device for a metal material, which is provided with a supporting mechanism, a sample clamping mechanism and a force transmission guide mechanism; the supporting mechanism is provided with a heat-insulating barrel, an upper supporting frame and a lower supporting frame, the heat-insulating barrel is of a barrel-shaped structure with an open upper part, the upper supporting frame is detachably and fixedly arranged in the heat-insulating barrel, the lower supporting frame is arranged below the upper supporting frame and is provided with a cavity at an interval with the barrel bottom of the heat-insulating barrel, and the cavity is provided with a lower supporting frame descending buffer area and a refrigerant storage area for containing a refrigerant; the sample clamping mechanism is provided with an upper clamp and a lower clamp, the upper clamp is arranged on the upper supporting frame, the lower clamp is arranged on the lower supporting frame, and the upper clamp and the lower clamp are arranged at an interval in an opposite mode and are respectively used for clamping the upper end and the lower end of a metal sample; the force transmission guide mechanism is provided with a force transmission plate and a guide pillar which are connected; the force transfer plate is arranged above the upper support frame, and the guide post downwards penetrates through the upper support frame and extends out to be connected with the lower support frame; when the force transmission plate is pressed downwards, the guide pillar drives the lower support frame to enter the lower support frame descending buffer zone downwards, so that the lower clamp is driven to stretch the metal sample downwards.
Preferably, the upper clamp and the lower clamp are respectively provided with a sample clamping wedge block, a sample clamping cushion block and a T-shaped sample clamping block, the sample clamping wedge block is provided with a half-open slot, and the sample clamping cushion block is arranged in the half-open slot; the vertical end of the T-shaped sample clamping block is inserted into the semi-open slot and is arranged opposite to the sample clamping cushion block, and a gap between the two is used for fixedly clamping a metal sample; the T-shaped sample clamping block is detachably and fixedly connected with the sample clamping wedge block.
Preferably, the vertical end of the T-shaped sample clamping block and the contact surface of the sample clamping cushion block, which is used for clamping the metal sample, are provided with concave-convex patterns, and the concave-convex patterns and the sample clamping cushion block are matched with each other to interlock the metal sample.
Preferably, the upper clamp and the lower clamp are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper support frame and the lower support frame through fixing blocks connected with the upper clamp and the lower clamp.
Preferably, the sample clamping mechanism is further provided with a sample supporting rod, the sample supporting rod is arranged between the upper clamp and the lower clamp, a sample clamping wedge block of the lower clamp is provided with a positioning hole, one end of the sample supporting rod is fixedly connected with the sample clamping wedge block of the upper clamp, the other end of the sample supporting rod is inserted into the positioning hole, and when a metal sample is stretched, the other end of the sample supporting rod is separated from the positioning hole.
Preferably, the inner wall of the heat-insulating barrel is provided with an annular flange, and the upper support frame is placed on the annular flange.
Preferably, the force transmission guide mechanism is also provided with a transition pressure head, and the transition pressure head is connected and arranged on the upper surface of the force transmission plate.
Preferably, seted up circular recess on the biography power board, this circular recess and the bottom looks adaptation of transition pressure head, when using, lay the bottom of transition pressure head in circular recess, the location of the pressure head of being convenient for pass and biography power board.
Preferably, the upper end of the upper support frame is provided with a protruding ear which extends out of the heat preservation barrel.
Preferably, the outer surface of the heat-insulating barrel is wrapped and connected with a heat-insulating layer.
Preferably, the refrigerant is liquid nitrogen.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a low-temperature tensile test device for a metal material, which is simple in structure, convenient to disassemble and assemble a sample, good in practicability and capable of being widely applied to all types of universal testing machines. The metal sample can not receive the twist tight and take place to warp at installation and tensile in-process, guarantees that the metal sample is unidirectional stretching deformation at the deformation process, and the bottom of heat-preserving container sets up the refrigerant storage area specially, can guarantee that the whole tensile process of sample goes on under the liquid nitrogen condition, and the unable condition of confirming of metal sample deformation temperature can not appear.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view in partial cross-section of a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the thermal bucket shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the thermal bucket shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the upper support frame shown in FIG. 2 with the upper support frame removed;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the upper clamping assembly, the lower clamping assembly and the sample support rod shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an exploded view of the lower clamp assembly shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the upper and lower clamping assemblies shown in FIG. 6 clamping a metal specimen;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the cone-shaped structure of the bottom of the sample support rod of fig. 7 inserted into the lower sample-holding end.
The labels in the figure are: 1. the heat preservation device comprises a heat preservation barrel, 2 parts of an upper support frame, 3 parts of a lower support frame, 4 parts of a lower support frame descending buffer area, 5 parts of a refrigerant storage area, 6 parts of a force transmission plate, 7 parts of a guide post, 8 parts of a metal sample, 9 parts of a sample clamping wedge block, 10 parts of a sample clamping cushion block, 11 parts of a T-shaped sample clamping block, 12 parts of a half-open slot, 13 parts of a gap, 14 parts of a concave-convex pattern, 15 parts of a fixed block, 16 parts of a sample support rod, 17 parts of a positioning hole, 18 parts of an annular flange, 19 parts of a transition pressure head, 20 parts of a protruding lug and 21 parts of a heat preservation layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a low temperature tensile testing apparatus for metal materials, which is provided with a supporting mechanism, a sample clamping mechanism, and a force transmission guiding mechanism; the support mechanism is provided with a heat-insulating barrel 1, an upper support frame 2 and a lower support frame 3, the heat-insulating barrel 1 is of a barrel-shaped structure with an open upper part, the upper support frame 2 is detachably and fixedly arranged in the heat-insulating barrel 1, the lower support frame 3 is arranged below the upper support frame 2, a cavity is arranged at a position spaced from the barrel bottom of the heat-insulating barrel 1 and provided with a lower support frame descending buffer area 4 and a refrigerant storage area 5 for containing a refrigerant, the refrigerant is contained in the heat-insulating barrel 1, so that a tensile test is always carried out under the condition of the refrigerant, and meanwhile, the heat-insulating barrel 1 plays a role in supporting and positioning for the upper support frame 2; the sample clamping mechanism is provided with an upper clamp and a lower clamp, the upper clamp is arranged on the upper support frame 2, the lower clamp is arranged on the lower support frame 3, and the upper clamp and the lower clamp are arranged at intervals and are used for clamping the upper end and the lower end of a metal sample 8 respectively; the force transmission guide mechanism is provided with a force transmission plate 6 and a guide post 7 which are connected; the force transfer plate 6 is arranged above the upper support frame 2, and the guide post 7 downwards penetrates through the upper support frame 2 and extends out to be connected with the lower support frame 3; when the force transmission plate 6 is pressed downwards, the guide post 7 drives the lower support frame 3 to enter the lower support frame descending buffer zone 4 downwards, so that the lower clamp is driven to stretch the metal sample 8 downwards.
The upper clamp and the lower clamp can be existing devices and can also be devices disclosed by the application. As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, 6 and 7, the upper clamp and the lower clamp are arranged opposite to each other at an interval, the structures are the same, a sample clamping wedge 9, a sample clamping cushion block 10 and a T-shaped sample clamping block 11 are respectively arranged, the sample clamping wedge 9 is provided with a half-open groove 12, and the sample clamping cushion block 10 is installed in the half-open groove 12; the vertical end of the T-shaped sample clamping block 11 is inserted into the half-open groove 12 and is arranged opposite to the sample clamping cushion block 10, and a gap 13 formed between the vertical end of the T-shaped sample clamping block 11 and the sample clamping cushion block 10 is used for fixing and clamping the metal sample 8; the T-shaped sample clamping block 11 is detachably and fixedly connected with the sample clamping wedge block 9. The upper support frame 2 supports and positions the sample clamping wedge block 9 of the upper clamp, and the lower support frame 3 supports and positions the sample clamping wedge block 9 of the lower clamp. The surface of the sample clamping wedge block 9 is provided with a semi-open groove 12, so that the clamping part of the metal sample 8 is prevented from slipping in the stretching process. The clamping mode of the metal sample 8 is that two ends of the metal sample 8 are respectively placed in the gaps 13 of the upper clamp and the lower clamp, then the vertical end of the T-shaped sample clamping block 11 is horizontally moved close to the metal sample 8, and then the metal sample 8 is clamped together with the sample clamping cushion block 10. The sample clamping mode avoids the metal sample 8 from bending deformation under pressure or tensile deformation under tension before the test is started, furthest ensures that the metal sample 8 is prevented from being twisted in the clamping process, and effectively solves the technical problem that the sample cannot be prevented from being twisted and deformed due to the twisting in the clamping mode of screwing the existing stretching device when the sample is clamped tightly.
As a more preferable embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the vertical end of the T-shaped sample clamping block 11 and the contact surface of the sample clamping cushion block 10 for clamping the metal sample 8 are both provided with the concave-convex patterns 14, and the concave-convex patterns and the contact surface are adapted to engage with the metal sample 8. In the stretching process, the metal sample 8 is clamped more firmly and is not easy to slip.
As a more preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the upper jig and the lower jig are fixedly connected to the upper support frame 2 and the lower support frame 3, respectively, by fixing blocks 15 connected thereto. The fixing block 15 is used to prevent the T-clamp 11 from moving during the stretching process.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the sample clamping mechanism further comprises a sample support rod 16, the sample support rod 16 is arranged between the upper clamp and the lower clamp, the sample clamping wedge 9 of the lower clamp is provided with a positioning hole 17, one end of the sample support rod 16 is fixedly connected with the sample clamping wedge 9 of the upper clamp, the other end of the sample support rod 16 is inserted into the positioning hole 17, and when the metal sample 8 is stretched, the other end of the sample support rod 16 is separated from the positioning hole 17. Before the test, the sample supporting rod 16 plays the roles of supporting and protecting the metal sample 8 and assisting in positioning, and can ensure that the metal sample 8 is not twisted and is subjected to shear deformation in the installation and clamping process. As a further preferred embodiment, the other end of the sample support rod 16 is of a conical configuration to facilitate insertion into the corresponding positioning hole 17.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the inner wall of the heat-insulating barrel 1 is provided with an annular flange 18, and the upper support frame 2 is placed on the annular flange 18, so that the upper support frame 2 is further convenient to take and place.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-3, the force transmission guide mechanism is further provided with a transition pressure head 19, the transition pressure head 19 is connected to the upper surface of the force transmission plate 6, and the external force is transmitted to the force transmission plate 6 through the transition pressure head 19. Preferably, the lower surface of the transition pressure head 19 and the upper surface of the force transmission plate 6 are kept smooth and flat, and the two planes are well jointed and cannot shake. In order to facilitate the positioning of the transition pressure head 19 and the force transmission plate 6, a boss can be processed on the lower bottom surface of the transition pressure head 19, a circular groove is processed in the central part of the force transmission plate 6, and the boss of the transition pressure head 19 is detachably connected with the circular groove of the force transmission plate 6 in an adaptive manner. When the test is not started, the upper support frame 2 is located on the heat-insulating barrel 1 to support the stressed part of the whole tensile test device; during the test, the force transmitted by the transition ram 19 is finally borne by the insulating bucket 1.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a protruding ear 20 is disposed at the upper end of the upper support frame 2, and the protruding ear 20 extends out of the thermal insulation barrel 1, so as to facilitate the test operation and take and place the upper support frame 2.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, an insulating layer 21 is wrapped and connected on the outer surface of the heat-insulating barrel 1. The insulating layer 21 is preferably an asbestos insulating layer 21, which functions to reduce the heat exchange between the inside and the outside of the insulating barrel 1.
As a preferred embodiment, the refrigerant is liquid nitrogen, which is inert, colorless, odorless, noncorrosive, nonflammable, extremely low in temperature, and is an excellent refrigerant, and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃ under normal pressure.
The invention is applicable to thin-sheet metal samples and ultra-low temperature tensile test of tiny metal samples, for example, dog-bone-shaped tensile samples with the sample size of gauge length of 3mm wide, 10mm long and 0.2mm thick, and the material of the sample is copper-silver-zirconium alloy.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the two ends of a metal sample 8 are respectively clamped in an upper clamp and a lower clamp of the invention, then the metal sample 8 is installed in a heat-insulating barrel 1 of the test device, liquid nitrogen is injected into the heat-insulating barrel 1, after the temperature in the heat-insulating barrel 1 is stable, a transition pressure head 19 is pressed downwards, and the pressure is transmitted to the metal sample 8 through a force transmission plate 6, a guide pillar 7, a lower support frame 3 and the lower clamp in sequence, so that the metal sample 8 is stretched and deformed downwards. And after the single tensile test is finished, unloading the metal sample 8 after the tensile test is finished, replacing the next metal sample 8, and repeating the operations to finish the low-temperature tensile test of the metal sample 8 under the liquid nitrogen condition.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A low-temperature tensile test device for metal materials is provided with a supporting mechanism, a sample clamping mechanism and a force transmission guide mechanism; the sample clamping mechanism is provided with an upper clamp and a lower clamp, the upper clamp and the lower clamp are arranged oppositely at an upper interval and a lower interval and are respectively used for clamping the upper end and the lower end of a metal sample (8), the sample clamping mechanism is characterized in that the supporting mechanism is provided with a heat-insulating barrel (1), an upper supporting frame (2) and a lower supporting frame (3), the heat-insulating barrel (1) is of a barrel-shaped structure with an open upper part, the upper supporting frame (2) is detachably and fixedly arranged in the heat-insulating barrel (1), the lower supporting frame (3) is arranged below the upper supporting frame (2), a cavity is arranged at an interval with the barrel bottom of the heat-insulating barrel (1), and the cavity is provided with a lower supporting frame descending buffer area (4) and a refrigerant storage area (5) for containing a refrigerant; the upper clamp is arranged on the upper support frame (2), and the lower clamp is arranged on the lower support frame (3); the force transmission guide mechanism is provided with a force transmission plate (6) and a guide post (7) which are connected; the force transfer plate (6) is arranged above the upper support frame (2), and the guide post (7) downwards penetrates through the upper support frame (2) and extends out to be connected with the lower support frame (3); when the force transmission plate (6) is pressed downwards, the guide post (7) drives the lower support frame (3) to enter the lower support frame descending buffer area (4) downwards, so that the lower clamp is driven to stretch the metal sample (8) downwards;
the upper clamp and the lower clamp are respectively provided with a sample clamping wedge block (9), a sample clamping cushion block (10) and a T-shaped sample clamping block (11), the sample clamping wedge block (9) is provided with a semi-open slot (12), and the sample clamping cushion block (10) is installed in the semi-open slot (12); the vertical end of the T-shaped sample clamping block (11) is inserted into the half-open groove (12) and is arranged opposite to the sample clamping cushion block (10), and a gap (13) between the two is used for fixedly clamping the metal sample (8); the T-shaped sample clamping block (11) is detachably and fixedly connected with the sample clamping wedge block (9); concave-convex patterns (14) are arranged on the vertical end of the T-shaped sample clamping block (11) and the contact surface of the sample clamping cushion block (10) for clamping the metal sample (8), and the vertical end and the contact surface are mutually matched and meshed to fix the metal sample (8); the upper clamp and the lower clamp are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper support frame (2) and the lower support frame (3) through fixing blocks (15) connected with the upper clamp and the lower clamp;
the sample clamping mechanism is further provided with a sample supporting rod (16), the sample supporting rod (16) is arranged between the upper clamp and the lower clamp, a sample clamping wedge block (9) of the lower clamp is provided with a positioning hole (17), one end of the sample supporting rod (16) is fixedly connected with the sample clamping wedge block (9) of the upper clamp, the other end of the sample supporting rod (16) is inserted into the positioning hole (17), and when the metal sample (8) is stretched, the other end of the sample supporting rod (16) is separated from the positioning hole (17).
2. The low-temperature tensile test device for the metal material according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the heat-insulating barrel (1) is provided with an annular flange (18), and the upper support frame (2) is placed on the annular flange (18).
3. The low-temperature tensile test device for the metal material according to claim 1, wherein the force transmission guide mechanism is further provided with a transition pressure head (19), and the transition pressure head (19) is connected and arranged on the upper surface of the force transmission plate (6).
4. The low-temperature tensile test device for the metal material according to claim 1, wherein the upper support frame (2) is provided with a protruding ear (20) at the upper end, and the protruding ear (20) extends out of the heat-insulating barrel (1).
5. The low-temperature tensile test device for the metal material according to claim 1, wherein an insulating layer (21) is wrapped and connected on the outer surface of the insulating barrel (1).
6. The apparatus for low-temperature tensile test of metallic material according to claim 1, wherein said refrigerant is liquid nitrogen.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110375924.XA CN113155592B (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Metal material low temperature tensile test device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110375924.XA CN113155592B (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Metal material low temperature tensile test device |
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| CN113155592A CN113155592A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
| CN113155592B true CN113155592B (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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| CN114323949B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-08-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Normal loading thin plate micro-tensile test device and method |
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