CN113143567B

CN113143567B - Limiting protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint

Info

Publication number: CN113143567B
Application number: CN202110205657.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪文
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-02-24
Filing date: 2021-02-24
Publication date: 2022-07-29
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-24
Also published as: CN113143567A

Abstract

The invention discloses a limiting protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint, which comprises a large arm positioning plate and a small arm positioning plate, wherein the large arm positioning plate and the small arm positioning plate are movably connected through a hinge; the invention has reasonable structure, can effectively restrain the arms of patients with mental consciousness, unconsciousness after anesthesia, incapability of matching treatment, arm injury and the like, can stimulate the hemp thread at the elbow part of the patients when the patients have violent interaction, can relax the muscle of the arms, improves the restraint effect, can realize the movement of the arms of the patients in a certain range, and is convenient for the recovery of the patients.

Description

Limiting protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a limiting protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint.

Background

At present, for patients with partial deep coma, mental consciousness disorder, unconsciousness after anesthesia, unstable emotion or long-term suffering from pain, patients who can not be cooperatively treated and have arm injuries, sudden out-of-control conditions such as self-disability, self-extubation, damage to medical instruments, injury to medical care personnel or caregivers, influence on normal treatment and the like occur due to emotional temporary out-of-control or intolerable pain in the hospitalization or treatment process. To solve this problem, medical constraint gloves have been developed, which are worn on the hands and arms of a patient to prevent the fingers and arms from moving flexibly, and are fixed and bound on the bed frame or the appropriate place to restrict the movement of the hands of the patient, so that the patient cannot make inappropriate actions to hurt himself or herself or prevent medical treatment.

However, although the current clinical use of the restraint straps can solve the problem of extubation of some patients, the use of the restraint straps is complicated, the tightness adjustment is inconvenient, the peripheral circulation and the transfusion condition of the patient are difficult to observe, and the fingers of the patient can still touch various treatment pipelines sometimes, so that the extubation is accidental.

In addition, the limiting protection devices on the market at present can not enable the arms of the patient to move in a certain range, so that the arms of the patient can not move and bounce, and the rehabilitation of the patient is not facilitated.

Among the prior art, the utility model patent that patent application number is CN201820580704.4 discloses "an arm restraint cover, including transparent arm fixed sleeve, arm fixed sleeve's one end is connected with restraint gloves, restraint gloves include transparent wrist connecting portion and palm restraint cover, be equipped with adjustable restraint thread gluing on the wrist connecting portion, the fixed sleeve of arm has seted up rectangular opening along its axial and has made arm fixed sleeve be C shape, the arm fixed sleeve is provided with a plurality of connecting pieces at rectangular open-ended bilateral symmetry. The utility model discloses it is rational in infrastructure, high durability and convenient use, can be effectively to there being the obstacle to mental consciousness, it is wakeful after the anesthesia, the patient that can not cooperate treatment and arm injury class carries out the arm restraint, especially the space of restriction patient finger and arm activity, make it can not remove at will, extract infusion utensil and pipeline when avoiding patient's mood restlessness and cause the dislocation or cause the phenomenon such as injury to the patient, influence patient's normal treatment, improve the security and the validity of treatment, still there is the defect, though can restrict the moving range of arm, nevertheless can not relax the arm at all, still there is the risk.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem of restraint risk caused by low restraint strength of a restraint belt in the prior art, and provides a limiting protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a limiting protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint comprises a large arm positioning plate and a small arm positioning plate, wherein the large arm positioning plate is movably connected with the small arm positioning plate through a hinge, the side walls of the large arm positioning plate and the small arm positioning plate are fixedly connected with uniformly distributed positioning components, the outer side wall of the large arm positioning plate is rotatably connected with a first support rod, the outer side wall of the small arm positioning plate is rotatably connected with a second support rod, one end of the first support rod, far away from the large arm positioning plate, is movably connected with one end of the second support rod, far away from the small arm positioning plate, a torsion spring is arranged at an included angle formed by the first support rod and the second support rod, a first piston rod and a second piston rod are respectively and movably connected at the joint of the first support rod and the second support rod, the opposite side of the first piston rod and the second piston rod is respectively connected with a first piston plate and a second piston plate, one end of the first piston rod, which is opposite to the second piston rod, is connected with an air box in a sliding way, which is connected with the first piston plate and the second piston plate in a sliding way, the air outlet end of the air box is connected with an air outlet pipe, one side of the first piston plate, which is opposite to the second piston plate, is connected with a first reset component, the bottom of the air box is provided with an air outlet, the hinge joint of the big arm positioning plate and the small arm positioning plate is connected with a hemispherical elbow positioning piece through a connecting plate, a ventilation plate is arranged below the elbow positioning piece, an air cylinder involved in the inner cavity of the elbow positioning piece is fixedly connected to the top of the ventilation plate, the air outlet pipe is communicated with the inflator through the vent plate, one end of the inflator arranged in the elbow positioning piece is connected with an annular fixing plate, the cylinder is connected with a third piston plate in a sliding mode, the top center of the third piston plate is fixedly connected with a touch rod, and a second reset assembly is fixedly connected between the third piston plate and the annular fixing plate.

Preferably, the locating component comprises a mounting seat, a first half ring and a second half ring, the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the large arm locating plate and the outer side wall of the small arm locating plate, the first half ring and the second half ring are rotatably connected onto the mounting seat through rotating shafts, mounting guide rails are fixedly connected to the outer edges of the first half ring and the second half ring, the cross section of each mounting guide rail is Z-shaped, a balancing weight is slidably connected onto each mounting guide rail, a screw hole is formed in each mounting guide rail, a clamping plate is connected onto each mounting guide rail through bolts and abutted to the balancing weight, and a tightening belt is arranged on one side, opposite to the first half ring and the second half ring, of each mounting guide rail.

Preferably, the inner sides of the first half ring and the second half ring are both connected with uniformly distributed inflatable air bags.

Preferably, the inflatable air bag is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet.

Preferably, big arm locating plate and forearm locating plate constitute by first mounting panel, second mounting panel and distance adjusting part, distance adjusting part sets up between first mounting panel and second mounting panel, first mounting panel on the big arm locating plate and the first mounting panel on the forearm locating plate are articulated each other.

Preferably, the distance adjusting assembly comprises a first telescopic rod, the first telescopic rod is connected between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, a sliding groove which is vertically arranged is formed in the outer side wall of the first mounting plate and the outer side wall of the second mounting plate, a first sliding block and a second sliding block are connected in the sliding groove, a rotating ring is fixedly connected to the middle section of the sliding groove, a screw rod which is in threaded connection with the first sliding block and the second sliding block is connected in the rotating ring in a rotating mode, the threaded directions of the first sliding block and the second sliding block are opposite, and an X-shaped connecting rod is connected between the first sliding block and the second sliding block on the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate in a rotating mode.

Preferably, first reset assembly and second reset assembly constitute by second telescopic link and pressure spring, the pressure spring cover is at the outer wall of second telescopic link, the second telescopic link rigid coupling on the first reset assembly is between first piston board and second piston board, the second telescopic link rigid coupling on the second reset assembly is between third piston board and annular fixed plate.

Preferably, a rubber layer is arranged on the contact surface of the elbow positioning piece and the elbow.

Preferably, the outer side walls of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are provided with a group of positioning assemblies.

Preferably, the outer wall of the second mounting plate on the large arm positioning plate is provided with a Z-shaped limiting plate.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a limiting protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. this a spacing protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint aerifys in the air inlet case through aerifing the gasbag, and then improves locating component and patient's laminating nature.

2. This a spacing protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint, according to the distance between first slider and the second slider on patient's the arm length adjusting screw, and then realize the regulatory function of big arm locating plate and forearm locating plate length, so can satisfy the spacing demand of patient of different arm lengths.

3. This a spacing protection and rehabilitation device for patient's restraint increases and decreases the quantity of balancing weight to clamp through the cardboard, and then change different age users' service resistance, improve the suitability.

4. This a spacing protection and rehabilitation device for patient's restraint, along with the bending of patient's big arm and forearm during the use, the torsion increase of torsional spring, and then realize the function of restraint patient's hand home range, not only can avoid patient's extubation can also make things convenient for patient's arm to move about in the certain limit, and the patient of being convenient for is recovered, in addition, can be according to patient's the condition, adjusts the torsion of torsional spring to satisfy different patient's spacing demand.

5. This a spacing protection and rehabilitation device for patient's restraint, along with buckling of forearm locating plate and forearm locating plate, first piston plate is close to each other with the second piston plate, the pressure spring on the first reset assembly tightens up, the air in the air box passes through in the outlet duct entering inflator, along with the increase of air pressure in the inflator, the pressure spring on the third piston plate extrusion second reset assembly, and then drive the top of propping the feeler lever and visit the inflator, in the inner chamber of entering elbow setting element, the numb muscle of elbow position is amazing, and then make the arm atress, restraint patient's arm.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of portion A of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a second schematic view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a third schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a fourth schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning assembly according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a second schematic structural view of the positioning assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the air tank of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the gas cylinder of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a large arm positioning plate; 101. a first mounting plate; 102. a second mounting plate; 103. a first telescopic rod; 104. a first slider; 105. a second slider; 106. a rotating ring; 107. a screw; 108. an X-shaped connecting rod; 2. a forearm positioning plate; 3. a first support bar; 4. a second support bar; 5. a torsion spring; 6. a first piston rod; 7. a second piston rod; 8. a first piston plate; 9. a second piston plate; 10. a gas tank; 11. an air outlet pipe; 12. a connecting plate; 13. an elbow rest; 14. a breather plate; 15. an air cylinder; 16. an annular fixed plate; 17. a third piston plate; 18. a touch bar; 19. a mounting seat; 20. a first half ring; 21. a second half ring; 22. installing a guide rail; 23. a balancing weight; 24. clamping a plate; 25. a tightening strap; 26. an inflatable air bag; 27. a second telescopic rod; 28. a pressure spring; 29. z type limiting plate.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary embodiments, rather than exemplary embodiments, and that all other embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1-9, a limiting protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint comprises a large arm positioning plate 1 and a small arm positioning plate 2, wherein the large arm positioning plate 1 is movably connected with the small arm positioning plate 2 through a hinge, uniformly distributed positioning components are fixedly connected with the side walls of the large arm positioning plate 1 and the small arm positioning plate 2, the outer side wall of the large arm positioning plate 1 is rotatably connected with a first support rod 3, the outer side wall of the small arm positioning plate 2 is rotatably connected with a second support rod 4, one end of the first support rod 3, far away from the large arm positioning plate 1, is movably connected with one end of the second support rod 4, far away from the small arm positioning plate 2, a torsion spring 5 is arranged at an included angle formed by the first support rod 3 and the second support rod 4, a first piston rod 6 and a second piston rod 7 are respectively and movably connected at the junction of the first support rod 3 and the second support rod 4 with the large arm positioning plate 1 and the small arm positioning plate 2, one opposite sides of the first piston rod 6 and the second piston rod 7 are respectively connected with a first piston plate 8 and a second piston plate 9, an air box 10 connected with a first piston plate 8 and a second piston plate 9 in a sliding way is connected with one end of the first piston rod 6 opposite to the second piston rod 7, an air outlet pipe 11 is connected with the air outlet end of the air box 10, a first reset component is connected with one side of the first piston plate 8 opposite to the second piston plate 9, an air outlet is arranged at the bottom of the air box 10, a hemispherical elbow positioning piece 13 is connected with the hinged point of the large arm positioning piece 1 and the small arm positioning piece 2 through a connecting plate 12, a ventilation plate 14 is arranged below the elbow positioning piece 13, an air cylinder 15 involved in the inner cavity of the elbow positioning piece 13 is fixedly connected with the top of the ventilation plate 14, the air outlet pipe 11 is communicated with the air cylinder 15 through the ventilation plate 14, one end of the air cylinder 15 arranged in the elbow positioning piece 13 is connected with an annular fixing plate 16, a third piston plate 17 is connected in the air cylinder 15 in a sliding way, and a touch rod 18 is fixedly connected with the center of the top of the third piston plate 17, a second reset component is fixedly connected between the third piston plate 17 and the annular fixing plate 16.

Positioning assembly includes mount pad 19, first semi-ring 20 and second semi-ring 21, the lateral wall of 19 rigid couplings at big arm locating plate 1 and forearm locating plate 2 of mount pad, first semi-ring 20 rotates through the pivot with second semi-ring 21 and connects on mount pad 19, the equal rigid coupling of outer fringe department of first semi-ring 20 and second semi-ring 21 has installation guide rail 22, installation guide rail 22's cross section is the Z type, sliding connection has balancing weight 23 on installation guide rail 22, the screw has been seted up on the installation guide rail 22, there is the cardboard 24 with balancing weight 23 butt through bolted connection on the installation guide rail 22, first semi-ring 20 is provided with lacing tape 25 with the opposite one side of second semi-ring 21.

The inner sides of the first half ring 20 and the second half ring 21 are connected with uniformly distributed inflatable air bags 26.

The inflatable bladder 26 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet.

Big arm locating plate 1 and forearm locating plate 2 constitute by first mounting panel 101, second mounting panel 102 and distance adjusting part, and distance adjusting part sets up between first mounting panel 101 and second mounting panel 102, and first mounting panel 101 on the big arm locating plate 1 and the first mounting panel 101 on the forearm locating plate 2 are articulated each other.

The distance adjusting assembly comprises a first telescopic rod 103, the first telescopic rod 103 is connected between the first mounting plate 101 and the second mounting plate 102, the outer side walls of the first mounting plate 101 and the second mounting plate 102 are provided with sliding grooves which are vertically arranged, a first sliding block 104 and a second sliding block 105 are connected in the sliding grooves, a rotating ring 106 is fixedly connected to the middle section of each sliding groove, a screw 107 in threaded connection with the first sliding block 104 and the second sliding block 105 is connected in the rotating ring 106 in a rotating mode, the threaded directions of the first sliding block 104 and the second sliding block 105 are opposite, and an X-shaped connecting rod 108 is connected between the first sliding block 104 and the second sliding block 105 on the first mounting plate 101 and the second mounting plate 102 in a rotating mode.

The first reset assembly and the second reset assembly are composed of a second telescopic rod 27 and a pressure spring 28, the pressure spring 28 is sleeved on the outer wall of the second telescopic rod 27, the second telescopic rod 27 on the first reset assembly is fixedly connected between the first piston plate 8 and the second piston plate 9, and the second telescopic rod 27 on the second reset assembly is fixedly connected between the third piston plate 17 and the annular fixing plate 16.

The contact surface of the elbow positioning piece 13 and the elbow is provided with a rubber layer.

The outer side walls of the first mounting plate 101 and the second mounting plate 102 are each provided with a set of positioning components.

When in use, according to the size of the arm circumference of a user, the air is inflated in the air bag 26 through the air inlet box of the air bag 26, so that the fitness of the positioning component and a patient is improved, the distance between the first slide block 104 and the second slide block 105 on the screw rod 107 is adjusted according to the length of the arm of the patient, so that the function of adjusting the lengths of the large arm positioning plate 1 and the small arm positioning plate 2 is realized, then the first half ring 20 and the second half ring 21 on the large arm positioning plate 1 and the small arm positioning plate 2 are clamped at the large arm and the small arm of the patient, the tightening belt 25 is tightened, so that the air bag 26 is attached at the arm, the number of the balancing weights 23 is increased and decreased according to the age of the user, and the clamping is carried out through the clamping plate 24, so that the use resistance of users at different ages is changed, the applicability is improved, the use is convenient, and the arm restraint can be effectively carried out on patients who have mental consciousness, are not conscious after anesthesia, can not be treated in a way, and have injured arms, especially, the space for the movement of the big arm and the small arm of the patient is limited, so that the big arm and the small arm of the patient can not move randomly, the phenomena of dislocation caused by pulling out the infusion apparatus and the pipeline when the patient is in emotional restlessness or injury to the patient and the like are avoided, the normal treatment of the patient is influenced, and the safety and the effectiveness of the treatment are improved.

Along with the bending of patient's big arm and forearm during the use, the torsion increase of torsional spring 5, and then realize the function of restraint patient's hand home range, simultaneously along with buckling of big arm locating plate 1 and forearm locating plate 2, first piston plate 8 and second piston plate 9 are close to each other, pressure spring 28 on the first reset assembly tightens up, air in the gas tank 10 passes through outlet duct 11 and gets into in the inflator 15, along with the increase of the internal gas pressure of inflator 15, pressure spring 28 on the third piston plate 17 extrusion second reset assembly, and then drive the top of propping touch bar 18 and lean on inflator 15, get into in the inner chamber of elbow locating piece 13, the numb muscle in elbow position stimulates, and then make the arm atress, restraint patient's arm, when the arm relaxs, pressure spring 28 and torsional spring 5 kick-back, big arm locating plate 1 resets with forearm locating plate 2.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 5, a limiting protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint is substantially the same as that in embodiment 1, and further, a Z-shaped limiting plate 29 is mounted on the outer wall of the second mounting plate 102 on the forearm positioning plate 1, and the horizontal section of the Z-shaped limiting plate 29 abuts against the chest cavity of the patient to limit the forearm of the patient, so that the restraint effect is improved.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a spacing protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint, includes big arm locating plate (1) and forearm locating plate (2), its characterized in that, big arm locating plate (1) links to each other through the hinge activity with forearm locating plate (2), the lateral wall rigid coupling of big arm locating plate (1) and forearm locating plate (2) has evenly distributed's locating component, the lateral wall of big arm locating plate (1) rotates and is connected with first branch (3), the lateral wall of forearm locating plate (2) rotates and is connected with second branch (4), the one end that little arm locating plate (2) were kept away from to big arm locating plate (1) and second branch (4) are kept away from in first branch (3) one end activity links to each other, contained angle department that first branch (3) and second branch (4) formed is provided with torsional spring (5), first branch (3) and second branch (4) are swing joint respectively with handing-over department of big arm locating plate (1) and forearm locating plate (2) are swing joint to the department The device is provided with a first piston rod (6) and a second piston rod (7), one opposite side of the first piston rod (6) and the second piston rod (7) is respectively connected with a first piston plate (8) and a second piston plate (9), one opposite end of the first piston rod (6) and the second piston rod (7) is connected with an air box (10) which is connected with the first piston plate (8) and the second piston plate (9) in a sliding way, the air outlet end of the air box (10) is connected with an air outlet pipe (11), one opposite side of the first piston plate (8) and the second piston plate (9) is connected with a first reset component, the bottom of the air box (10) is provided with an air outlet, the hinged point of a large arm positioning plate (1) and a small arm positioning plate (2) is connected with a hemispherical elbow positioning piece (13) through a connecting plate (12), and a ventilation plate (14) is arranged below the elbow positioning piece (13), the top of the air vent plate (14) is fixedly connected with an air cylinder (15) involved in an inner cavity of the elbow positioning piece (13), the air outlet pipe (11) is communicated with the air cylinder (15) through the air vent plate (14), one end of the air cylinder (15) arranged in the elbow positioning piece (13) is connected with an annular fixing plate (16), the air cylinder (15) is connected with a third piston plate (17) in a sliding manner, the top center of the third piston plate (17) is fixedly connected with a touch rod (18), and a second reset assembly is fixedly connected between the third piston plate (17) and the annular fixing plate (16);

The positioning assembly comprises an installation base (19), a first half ring (20) and a second half ring (21), the installation base (19) is fixedly connected to the outer side walls of the large arm positioning plate (1) and the small arm positioning plate (2), the first half ring (20) and the second half ring (21) are rotatably connected to the installation base (19) through rotating shafts, installation guide rails (22) are fixedly connected to the outer edges of the first half ring (20) and the second half ring (21), the cross section of each installation guide rail (22) is Z-shaped, a balancing weight (23) is slidably connected onto each installation guide rail (22), screw holes are formed in each installation guide rail (22), a clamping plate (24) abutted against the balancing weight (23) is connected onto each installation guide rail (22) through bolts, and a tightening belt (25) is arranged on one opposite side of the first half ring (20) and the second half ring (21);

big arm locating plate (1) and forearm locating plate (2) constitute by first mounting panel (101), second mounting panel (102) and distance adjusting part, distance adjusting part sets up between first mounting panel (101) and second mounting panel (102), first mounting panel (101) on big arm locating plate (1) and first mounting panel (101) on forearm locating plate (2) are articulated each other.

2. A restraining protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint according to claim 1, characterized in that the inside of the first half-ring (20) and the second half-ring (21) are connected with uniformly distributed inflatable balloons (26).

3. A restraining protection and rehabilitation device for patient restraint according to claim 2, characterized in that said inflatable bladder (26) is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet.

4. A restraint and rehabilitation device for patient restraint according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance adjusting assembly comprises a first telescopic rod (103), the first telescopic rod (103) is connected between a first mounting plate (101) and a second mounting plate (102), the outer side walls of the first mounting plate (101) and the second mounting plate (102) are both provided with a chute which is vertically arranged, a first slide block (104) and a second slide block (105) are connected in the sliding groove in a sliding way, a rotating ring (106) is fixedly connected at the middle section of the sliding groove, a screw rod (107) which is connected with the first sliding block (104) and the second sliding block (105) in a threaded manner is rotationally connected in the rotating ring (106), and the thread directions of the first sliding block (104) and the second sliding block (105) are opposite, an X-shaped connecting rod (108) is rotatably connected between the first sliding block (104) and the second sliding block (105) on the first mounting plate (101) and the second mounting plate (102).

5. The patient restraining limiting protection and rehabilitation device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second reset components are both composed of a second telescopic rod (27) and a compression spring (28), the compression spring (28) is sleeved on the outer wall of the second telescopic rod (27), the second telescopic rod (27) on the first reset component is fixedly connected between the first piston plate (8) and the second piston plate (9), and the second telescopic rod (27) on the second reset component is fixedly connected between the third piston plate (17) and the annular fixing plate (16).

6. A restraint and rehabilitation device for patient restraint according to claim 1, characterized in that the elbow rest (13) is provided with a rubber layer at the elbow contact surface.

7. A restraint and rehabilitation device for patient restraint according to claim 4, characterized in that the outer side walls of the first mounting plate (101) and the second mounting plate (102) are each provided with a set of positioning elements.

8. A patient restraint and rehabilitation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second mounting plate (102) of the upper arm positioning plate (1) is provided with a Z-shaped limiting plate (29) on the outer wall.