CN113105254B - Novel ceramic sand and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel ceramic sand and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113105254B CN113105254B CN202110334779.0A CN202110334779A CN113105254B CN 113105254 B CN113105254 B CN 113105254B CN 202110334779 A CN202110334779 A CN 202110334779A CN 113105254 B CN113105254 B CN 113105254B
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WUJISAYEUPRJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Mo] WUJISAYEUPRJOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 101150041213 FES1 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011821 neutral refractory Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006501 ZrSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
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- C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
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Abstract
The invention discloses novel ceramic sand and a preparation method thereof. The novel ceramic sand comprises the following chemical components: al (Al) 2 O 3 40～80％、SiO 2 5～20％、Fe 2 O 3 0～5％、(Zr·Hf)O 2 1～20％、Cr 2 O 3 0～5％、MnO 0～5％、NiO 0～5％、MoO 3 0～10％、V 2 O 5 0～6％、TiO 2 0～5％、FeS 1～3％、P 2 O 5 1-3% and rare earth oxide 1-10%. The novel ceramic sand provided by the invention is prepared by taking high-alumina ore and zirconite ore as main materials, adding a certain proportion of functional additives after preparation, high-temperature melting, crushing, washing, drying and grinding, meeting the production and use requirements of customers according to different specific prepared products of customer materials and production conditions, is a neutral refractory material, and has the characteristics of high refractoriness, small thermal expansion coefficient, compact structure, low content of low-melting-point substances, high cost performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refractory materials, in particular to novel ceramic sand and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The refractory materials used as the shell surface layer in the investment precision casting process comprise quartz, fused corundum, zircon, high-alumina and the like, and the proper refractory materials are selected according to the binder for shell making in the actual processing process. The traditional investment precision casting process in China uses water glass and ethyl silicate as binders and quartz, fused alumina and high-alumina bauxite as surface refractory materials, and is widely applied.
In the 80 s of the 20 th century, investment precision casting and joint venture enterprises entered China, and most of the enterprises made up investment precision casting and joint venture enterprises adopted the advanced silica sol shell-making technology abroad, and most of the refractory materials of the shell surface layer were imported zircon sand (powder). The casting industry in China has been developed rapidly in recent decades, so that China becomes the largest consumer of zircon, and due to supply and demand, zircon sand (powder) is very pretty and high in price, and research on other alternative refractory materials is becoming a great trend. Zircon (ZrO) 2 -SiO 2 ) Is the only compound in the binary system. Pure ZrSiO 4 The refractoriness is above 2000 ℃, and the decomposition temperature of the zircon is 1540 ℃. When K and Na oxides are contained, the decomposition temperature is reduced to about 900 ℃, and when Ca and Mg oxides are contained, the decomposition temperature is about 1300 ℃. Therefore, the investment casting generally adopts first-grade zircon sand (powder) with low impurity content, but the market demand is large, the price is high, the casting production cost is increased, and if the zircon sand (powder) ZrO provided by a supplier is used 2 The low content, in particular the high content of impurities, may be cheap, but the surface quality of the casting may be reduced.
At present, zircon sand is replaced by special fused corundum precision casting sand in China, but fused corundum is prepared by high-temperature smelting, so that the cost is high, the energy consumption is high, and the problems of difficulty in cleaning shells after casting and the like occur in the using process. High residual strength of electric melting corundum precision casting sand mould shell, high activity Al in porous aluminum-silicon refractory material particles 2 O 3 Homogeneous colloidal SiO 2 Secondary mullite is produced with a concomitant volume expansion. Liquid phase sintering, solid phase sintering and secondary mullite generation exist in the shell roasting and casting processes, and shell sand grains are tightly combined. When the casting shell is removed, the corundum fine casting sand surface layer and the back layer of bauxite sand are connected into a whole, and the combination is firmer. The combination of the above factors can cause that the shells of the inner cavities, the holes and the grooves of the castings are difficult to clean.
Main chemical component Al of bauxite sand 2 O 3 The primary crystal phase is corundum, the secondary crystal phase is mullite and a small amount of TiO 2 Solid solution crystals and a glassy phase. However, bauxite contains high content of impurities, (CaO + MgO + K) 2 O+Na 2 O) high total alkali metal oxide content, reducing the high temperature performance of the bauxite. The bauxite refractory material has low strength and hardness and is easy to crack, so that powder particles are too fine and distributed dispersedly, sand material dust is too much, and the granularity grading can not reach the standard similar to zircon powder (sand). The bauxite is suitable for the production of common castings and is not suitable for the production of some castings made of high-end materials because the quality of the bauxite on the market is uneven and cannot be ensured.
Therefore, the refractory material with low production cost and high refractoriness is provided to replace the existing refractory materials such as zircon sand and the like, and has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, a need exists for a novel ceramic sand and a preparation method thereof, which are used to solve the technical problems of low refractoriness and high production cost of refractory materials in the prior art.
The first aspect of the invention provides a novel ceramic sand, which comprises the following chemical components: al (Al) 2 O 3 40～80％、SiO 2 5～20％、Fe 2 O 3 0～5％、(Zr·Hf)O 2 1～20％、Cr 2 O 3 0～5％、MnO 0～5％、NiO 0～5％、MoO 3 0～10％、V 2 O 5 0～6％、TiO 2 0～5％、FeS 1～3％、P 2 O 5 1-3% and rare earth oxide 1-10%.
The invention provides a preparation method of novel ceramic sand, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing high-alumina ore, zircon sand, quartz ore, chromium-nickel alloy, iron-manganese ore, vanadium-molybdenum alloy, titanium dioxide and rare earth oxide for the first time, and then melting at high temperature, blowing, screening and mixing for the second time to obtain mixed sand;
s2, uniformly mixing the mixed sand, chromite, black iron sand, calcium stearate, high-temperature resin and water glass, then calcining at 1300-1600 ℃ for 4-12 h in a reducing atmosphere, and cooling and crushing to obtain the novel ceramic sand.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the novel ceramic sand provided by the invention is prepared by taking high-alumina ore and zirconite ore as main materials and adding a certain proportion of functional additives after preparation, high-temperature melting, crushing, washing, drying and grinding, meets the production and use requirements of customers according to different specific preparation products of customer materials and production conditions, is a neutral refractory material, and has the characteristics of high refractoriness, small thermal expansion coefficient, compact structure, low content of low-melting-point substances, high cost performance and the like. The novel ceramic sand provided by the invention is mainly applied to investment precision casting shell making and casting coatings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The first aspect of the invention provides novel ceramic sand, which comprises the following chemical components: al (Al) 2 O 3 40～80％、SiO 2 5～20％、Fe 2 O 3 0～5％、(Zr·Hf)O 2 1～20％、Cr 2 O 3 0～5％、MnO 0～5％、NiO 0～5％、MoO 3 0～10％、V 2 O 5 0～6％、TiO 2 0～5％、FeS 1～3％、P 2 O 5 1-3% and rare earth oxide 1-10%.
Specifically, the rare earth element corresponding to the rare earth oxide is a lanthanide element, including lanthanum, cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu).
Further, the novel ceramic sand comprises the following chemical components: al (Al) 2 O 3 40～70％、SiO 2 5～15％、Fe 2 O 3 0.5～5％、(Zr·Hf)O 2 6～15％、Cr 2 O 3 0.3～3.1％、MnO 0.3～3.3％、NiO 0.2～3.5％、MoO 3 0.8～3.7％、V 2 O 5 0.5～2.3％、TiO 2 0.4～2.1％、FeS 1.3～2.1％、P 2 O 5 1.1～2.7％、La 2 O 3 1.1～2.5％、Ce 2 O 3 1.3～3.2％。
In the above chemical composition, al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 、(Zr·Hf)O 2 The refractory degree is improved, a sintering layer is formed, and the ceramic sand is a novel ceramic sand main material; moO 3 、V 2 O 5 、TiO 2 The novel ceramic sand is combined according to a specific formula, so that the characteristics of high-temperature heat strength, suspension property, leveling property and the like of the novel ceramic sand can be obviously improved; feS, P 2 O 5 The shedding performance of the product is improved, so that the product can better shed; fe 2 O 3 The NiO improves the heat dissipation coefficient of the product, so that the heat dissipation coefficient of the product is increased; rare earth refines the product structure, improves coating property and improves high-temperature performance; mnO and Cr 2 O 3 The toughness and the leveling property of the product are improved.
Further, moO 3 ：V 2 O 5 +TiO 2 1, and MoO = 0.8-1.2 3 、V 2 O 5 、TiO 2 The total content of (A) is 1.7-8.1%. Within this ratio range, the effect is optimal.
The invention provides a preparation method of novel ceramic sand, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing high-alumina ore, zircon sand, quartz ore, chrome-nickel alloy, iron-manganese ore, vanadium-molybdenum alloy, titanium dioxide and rare earth oxide for the first time, and then performing high-temperature melting, blowing, screening and secondary mixing to obtain mixed sand;
s2, uniformly mixing the mixed sand, chromite, black iron sand, calcium stearate, high-temperature resin and water glass, then calcining at 1300-1600 ℃ for 4-12 h in a reducing atmosphere, and cooling and crushing to obtain the novel ceramic sand.
In the step S1, the high-alumina ore, the zircon sand, the quartz ore, the chrome-nickel alloy, the iron-manganese ore, the vanadium-molybdenum alloy, the titanium dioxide and the rare earth oxide are adopted to prepare the mixed sand, and the chemical composition and the performance of the mixed sand can be chemically regulated and controlled in the high-temperature melting process of the raw materials.
Further, the raw materials of the mixed sand comprise, by weight: 20 to 30 parts of high-alumina ore, 5 to 15 parts of zircon sand, 5 to 10 parts of quartz ore, 0 to 5 parts of chrome-nickel alloy, 0 to 5 parts of iron-manganese ore, 0 to 5 parts of vanadium-molybdenum alloy, 0 to 3 parts of titanium dioxide and 1 to 10 parts of rare earth oxide. Furthermore, the raw materials of the mixed sand comprise, by weight: 20 to 30 parts of high-alumina ore, 5 to 15 parts of zircon sand, 5 to 10 parts of quartz ore, 0.3 to 5 parts of chromium-nickel alloy, 0.5 to 4 parts of iron-manganese ore, 0.4 to 2 parts of vanadium-molybdenum alloy, 0.3 to 2 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.6 to 1.3 parts of lanthanum oxide and 0.7 to 1.8 parts of cerium oxide.
In step S1 of the present invention, the high-temperature melting step specifically includes: melting the ore raw materials into liquid at high temperature, removing low-melting-point impurities, and simultaneously fully mixing the main materials; further, the high-temperature melting temperature is more than 2300 ℃, and is further 2350-2500 ℃; the blowing step specifically comprises: blowing the molten liquid by using high-pressure air to solidify the molten liquid under the action of the high-pressure air and surface tension to obtain particles with different particle sizes; the secondary mixing comprises the following steps: mixing the screened particles according to the particle size grading, then mixing for 1-2 h at 100-200 ℃, washing with water after cooling, removing micro powder and drying; further, the grain size grading selected for secondary mixing is as follows: 0 to 5 percent of 200 meshes, 0 to 5 percent of 270 meshes, 50 to 80 percent of 325 meshes and 10 to 20 percent of 400 meshes. In the invention, the grading is adopted, so that the material is more favorably and uniformly distributed.
In the step S2 of the invention, the performances such as the heat dissipation speed of the material can be improved by adding the chromite and the black iron sand, the appearance of the novel ceramic sand can be fully wrapped by adding the high-temperature resin, the angle coefficient is improved, and the strength of the material in the production and use processes is improved.
Further, the novel ceramic sand comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-94 parts of mixed sand, 0-3 parts of chromite, 0-5 parts of black iron sand, 2-5 parts of calcium stearate, 1-2 parts of high-temperature resin and 1-2 parts of water glass.
Further, the high-temperature resin is a silicone high-temperature resistant resin.
Furthermore, the particle size range of the ferrochrome sand is 300-400 meshes, and the particle size range of the black iron sand is 300-400 meshes.
Further, the water glass is polyacrylamide modified water glass. Further, the modified water glass is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide and water glass with the modulus of 2.8-3.5 according to the weight ratio of 1: 5-10, and mixing uniformly.
In the following embodiments of the present invention, some of the raw materials are summarized as follows:
modified water glass is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide and water glass with modulus of 3.2 according to the weight ratio of 1:8, and uniformly mixing the components in a mass ratio;
the grain size of the ferrochromium sand is 325 meshes, and the grain size of the black iron sand is 325 meshes.
The grain size grading selected for the secondary mixing is as follows: 200 meshes 3%, 270 meshes 3%, 325 meshes 78%, 400 meshes 16%.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of novel ceramic sand, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 25 parts of high-alumina ore, 5 parts of zircon sand, 7 parts of quartz ore, 0.3 part of chromium-nickel alloy, 2 parts of iron-manganese ore, 2 parts of vanadium-molybdenum alloy, 2 parts of titanium dioxide, 1.3 parts of lanthanum oxide and 1.8 parts of cerium oxide for the first time, and then performing high-temperature melting, blowing, screening and secondary mixing to obtain mixed sand; the high-temperature melting method specifically comprises the following steps: melting the ore raw materials into liquid at high temperature, removing low-melting-point impurities, and simultaneously fully mixing the main materials; further, the temperature of high-temperature melting is 2350 ℃; the blowing step specifically comprises: blowing the molten liquid by using high-pressure air to solidify the molten liquid under the action of the high-pressure air and surface tension to obtain particles with different particle sizes; the secondary mixing comprises the following steps: and mixing the screened particles according to the particle size grading, then mixing for 1.5h at 150 ℃, cooling, washing with water, removing micro powder, and drying.
(2) 91 parts of mixed sand, 3 parts of chromite, 3 parts of calcium stearate, 1.5 parts of organic silicon high-temperature-resistant resin and 1.5 parts of modified water glass are uniformly mixed, then the mixture is calcined at 1400 ℃ for 8 hours in a reducing atmosphere, and the mixture is cooled and crushed to obtain novel ceramic sand, wherein the chemical composition of the novel ceramic sand is shown in table 1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of novel ceramic sand, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 30 parts of high-alumina ore, 10 parts of zircon sand, 5 parts of quartz ore, 2 parts of chromium-nickel alloy, 0.5 part of iron-manganese ore, 1 part of vanadium-molybdenum alloy, 0.5 part of titanium dioxide, 0.6 part of lanthanum oxide and 0.7 part of cerium oxide for the first time, and then carrying out high-temperature melting, blowing, screening and secondary mixing to obtain mixed sand; the high-temperature melting method specifically comprises the following steps: melting the ore raw materials into liquid at high temperature, removing low-melting-point impurities, and fully mixing the main materials; further, the temperature of high-temperature melting is 2400 ℃; the blowing step specifically comprises: blowing the molten liquid by using high-pressure air to solidify the molten liquid under the action of the high-pressure air and surface tension to obtain particles with different particle sizes; the secondary mixing comprises the following steps: and mixing the screened particles according to the particle size grading, then mixing for 1h at 200 ℃, cooling, washing with water, removing micro powder, and drying.
(2) The preparation method comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing 94 parts of mixed sand, 1 part of chromite, 2 parts of calcium stearate, 2 parts of organic silicon high-temperature-resistant resin and 1 part of water glass, then calcining at 1600 ℃ for 4 hours in a reducing atmosphere, cooling and crushing to obtain novel ceramic sand, wherein the chemical composition of the novel ceramic sand is shown in Table 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of novel ceramic sand, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 20 parts of high-alumina ore, 15 parts of zircon sand, 10 parts of quartz ore, 5 parts of chromium-nickel alloy, 4 parts of iron-manganese ore, 0.4 part of vanadium-molybdenum alloy, 0.3 part of titanium dioxide, 0.9 part of lanthanum oxide and 1.1 part of cerium oxide for the first time, and then performing high-temperature melting, blowing, screening and secondary mixing to obtain mixed sand; the high-temperature melting method specifically comprises the following steps: melting the ore raw materials into liquid at high temperature, removing low-melting-point impurities, and simultaneously fully mixing the main materials; further, the temperature of high-temperature melting is 2500 ℃; the blowing step specifically comprises: blowing the molten liquid by using high-pressure air to solidify the molten liquid under the action of the high-pressure air and surface tension to obtain particles with different particle sizes; the secondary mixing comprises the following steps: mixing the sieved particles according to the particle size grading, then mixing for 2 hours at 100 ℃, washing with water after cooling, removing micro powder and drying.
(2) The preparation method comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing 85 parts of mixed sand, 2 parts of chromite, 5 parts of black iron sand, 5 parts of calcium stearate, 1 part of organic silicon high-temperature-resistant resin and 2 parts of water glass, then calcining at 1300 ℃ for 12 hours in a reducing atmosphere, and cooling and crushing to obtain novel ceramic sand, wherein the chemical composition of the novel ceramic sand is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: no silicone high temperature resistant resin was added.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 1, the only difference is that: and (2) calcining at high temperature under the air condition.
Comparative example 3
The only difference compared to example 1 is that chromite in step (2) is added in one compounding pass of step (1).
TABLE 1 chemical composition of the novel ceramic sands obtained in examples 1 to 3
Test group
The novel ceramic sands obtained in the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to a performance test, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the novel ceramic sands obtained in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention have the characteristics of high refractoriness, small thermal expansion rate, high thermal conductivity, high heat-resistant strength, and low production cost, and are more conducive to industrial production.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A ceramic sand for investment precision casting shell making is characterized by comprising the following chemical compositions: al (Al) 2 O 3 40~70%、SiO 2 5~15%、Fe 2 O 3 0.5~5%、（Zr·Hf）O 2 6~15%、Cr 2 O 3 0.3~3.1%、MnO 0.3~3.3%、NiO 0.2~3.5%、MoO 3 0.8~3.7%、V 2 O 5 0.5~2.3%、TiO 2 0.4~2.1%、FeS 1.3~2.1%、P 2 O 5 1.1~2.7%、La 2 O 3 1.1~2.5%、Ce 2 O 3 1.3~3.2%。
2. The method of preparing ceramic sand for investment casting shell making according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
mixing high-alumina ore, zircon sand, quartz ore, chromium-nickel alloy, iron-manganese ore, vanadium-molybdenum alloy, titanium dioxide, lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide for the first time, and then performing high-temperature melting, blowing, screening and secondary mixing to obtain mixed sand;
and uniformly mixing the mixed sand, chromite, black iron sand, calcium stearate, high-temperature resin and water glass, then calcining at 1300-1600 ℃ for 4-12h in a reducing atmosphere, and cooling and crushing to obtain the ceramic sand.
3. The preparation method of claim 2, wherein the raw materials of the mixed sand comprise, by weight: 20 to 30 parts of high-alumina ore, 5 to 15 parts of zircon sand, 5 to 10 parts of quartz ore, 0.3 to 5 parts of chromium-nickel alloy, 0.5 to 4 parts of iron-manganese ore, 0.4 to 2 parts of vanadium-molybdenum alloy, 0.3 to 2 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.6 to 1.3 parts of lanthanum oxide and 0.7 to 1.8 parts of cerium oxide.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the high temperature melting temperature is greater than 2300 ℃; the secondary mixing step specifically comprises the following steps: and mixing the screened particles according to the particle size grading, then mixing for 1 to 2h at the temperature of 100 to 200 ℃, cooling, washing with water, removing micro powder, and drying.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the secondary compounding is carried out using a particle size distribution of: 0 to 5 percent of 200 meshes, 0 to 5 percent of 270 meshes, 50 to 80 percent of 325 meshes and 10 to 20 percent of 400 meshes, wherein the sum of the proportion of 200 meshes, 270 meshes, 325 meshes and 400 meshes in the particle size distribution is 100 percent.
6. The preparation method of claim 2, wherein the ceramic sand comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-94 parts of mixed sand, 0-3 parts of chromite, 0-5 parts of black iron sand, 2-5 parts of calcium stearate, 1-2 parts of high-temperature resin and 1-2 parts of water glass.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the high-temperature resin is a silicone high-temperature resin, and the water glass is polyacrylamide modified water glass.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the particle size of the chromite is 300-400 meshes, and the particle size of the black iron sand is 300-400 meshes.
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| CN115921767B (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-12-29 | 武汉纺织大学 | Investment casting shell surface layer refractory material and preparation method thereof |
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