CN113061472B - Biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device and method - Google Patents
Biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113061472B CN113061472B CN202110435055.5A CN202110435055A CN113061472B CN 113061472 B CN113061472 B CN 113061472B CN 202110435055 A CN202110435055 A CN 202110435055A CN 113061472 B CN113061472 B CN 113061472B
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
- C10K1/046—Reducing the tar content
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for treating biomass pyrolysis gas. The invention primarily separates the carbon powder in the cracked gas by the centrifugal action generated by the straight-in vortex separator, the cracked gas after primary separation enters the cyclone separator, the two-stage cooling jacket is matched under the centrifugal action of the cyclone separator, most of tar gas is condensed, the condensed tar and the carbon powder after centrifugal separation generate rolling granulation on the inner wall of the shell of the cyclone separator, and finally the tar and the carbon powder are discharged out of the device under the control of a third air-off fan, and the clean cracked gas is pressurized and conveyed to a combustion device by a gas pressurization induced draft fan. The invention can change the tar content, the carbon powder content and the gas temperature in the pyrolysis gas, and generate the combustible pyrolysis gas with stable quality, so that the subsequent combustion process can realize the control of combustion control level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of biomass, in particular to a device and a method for treating biomass pyrolysis gas.
Background
The uniqueness of biomass lies not only in the ability to store solar energy, but also in a renewable carbon source. The biomass can generate charcoal, fuel gas, tar and biomass vinegar liquid through thermal cracking, the charcoal, the fuel gas and the tar are renewable clean energy sources, and the biomass vinegar liquid can be directly used as pollution-free and pollution-free biological fertilizer and biological pesticide and used as raw materials of the pharmaceutical industry, so that the effective utilization of biomass resources has important significance.
The existing biomass thermal cracking technology has the technical defects that the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is high, the content of steam, tar, carbon powder and the like in the pyrolysis gas is high, the transportation, the storage, the combustion application and the like of the pyrolysis gas are not facilitated, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device and a method for treating biomass pyrolysis gas.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device comprises a straight-in vortex separator, a cyclone separator, a primary cooling jacket, a secondary cooling jacket, a third air-turning-off fan and a gas pressurization induced draft fan;
the direct-feeding type vortex separator comprises a vortex separator body which is horizontally arranged, wherein a pyrolysis gas inlet is formed in the front end of the vortex separator body, a spiral flow guide part is arranged in the pyrolysis gas inlet and is used for enabling pyrolysis gas flowing through the pyrolysis gas inlet to generate vortex, a pyrolysis gas outlet is formed in the rear end of the vortex separator body, a carbon powder outlet is formed in the bottom of the vortex separator body and is connected with an air inlet of a cyclone separator, and the direct-feeding type vortex separator is used for primarily separating carbon powder carried in the pyrolysis gas through centrifugal separation and discharging the separated carbon powder out of a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device from the carbon powder outlet;
the cyclone separator comprises a cyclone separator body which is vertically arranged, the cyclone separator body comprises a cylindrical shell and a conical shell, the side surface of the cylindrical shell is tangentially provided with an air inlet, and the top of the cylindrical shell is provided with an air outlet; the bottom of the conical shell is provided with a tar granulated carbon outlet, and a third air-lock valve is arranged on the tar granulated carbon outlet; the conical shell is provided with a primary cooling jacket and a secondary cooling jacket, the primary cooling jacket and the secondary cooling jacket are used for cooling pyrolysis gas passing through the conical shell to be below a tar condensation temperature point, condensed tar and carbon powder separated by cyclone are bonded and rolled for granulation, and a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device is discharged from a tar granulation carbon outlet;
the top of cyclone body is located to gas pressure boost draught fan, and gas pressure boost draught fan import is connected with cyclone body top gas outlet, and gas pressure boost draught fan is used for carrying clean pyrolysis gas pressurization to pyrolysis gas burner.
Furthermore, the straight-in vortex separator body comprises a first shell, a second shell, an inner cylinder, a first flange, a second flange, an adjusting screw assembly and a spiral flow guide piece, wherein the front end of the first shell is provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet, the rear end of the first shell is closed, and the bottom of the first shell is provided with a carbon powder outlet; the second shell is concentrically sleeved in the first shell, a first air inlet cavity is formed between the first shell and the second shell, the front end of the second shell is closed, the closed end of the second shell is conical, the rear end of the conical shell is connected with a section of cylindrical shell A, a spiral flow guide part is arranged on the outer surface of the cylindrical shell A and positioned in a cracking air inlet, the spiral flow guide part is used for enabling cracking air passing through the cracking air inlet to generate vortex, the rear end of the second shell is an enlarged cylindrical shell B, the rear end of the cylindrical shell B extends out of the first shell and is connected with a first flange, a cracking air inlet B is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical shell B, and the cracking air inlet B is communicated with the first air inlet cavity; the inner cylinder is concentrically sleeved in a cylindrical shell B of the second shell, a second air inlet cavity is formed between the inner cylinder and the second shell, the front end of the inner cylinder is closed, the rear end of the inner cylinder is open, the open end extends out of the second shell to be connected with a second flange, a plurality of air inlet holes are formed in the wall of the inner cylinder, the air inlet holes are communicated with the second air inlet cavity, and the first flange and the second flange are fixedly connected with the first shell through an adjusting screw assembly.
Further, the first shell comprises a horizontally arranged conical shell and a vertically arranged rectangular shell, the front end of the conical shell is provided with a cylindrical pyrolysis gas inlet, the upper end of the rectangular shell is connected with the conical shell, the lower end of the rectangular shell is contracted into a square tubular carbon powder outlet, the upper section of the carbon powder outlet is provided with a pipeline type jacket cooler, and the pipeline type jacket cooler is used for cooling the carbon powder passing through the carbon powder outlet; the lower section of the carbon powder outlet is provided with a first air-shutting machine and a second air-shutting machine, a carbon powder storage chamber is formed between the first air-shutting machine and the second air-shutting machine, and the first air-shutting machine and the second air-shutting machine alternately work to complete carbon powder conveying and simultaneously ensure the isolation of the inner atmosphere and the outer atmosphere of the equipment.
Furthermore, the pipeline type jacket cooler comprises a cooler shell, a third cooling medium inlet and a third cooling medium outlet are formed in the cooler shell, and switch valves are arranged on the third cooling medium inlet and the third cooling medium outlet.
Furthermore, the depth of the spiral flow guide piece extending into the pyrolysis gas inlet is adjusted through the adjusting screw rod assembly, and the cyclone speed of the pyrolysis gas in the direct-entering type vortex separator is adjusted.
Furthermore, the gas pressurization induced draft fan is provided with a temperature supplementing port, and the temperature supplementing port is used for introducing high-temperature flue gas to increase the exhaust temperature of the clean pyrolysis gas to be higher than the tar condensation temperature.
Furthermore, a first cooling medium inlet and a first cooling medium outlet are arranged on the primary cooling jacket, and switching valves are arranged on the first cooling medium inlet and the first cooling medium outlet.
Furthermore, a second cooling medium inlet and a second cooling medium outlet are arranged on the secondary cooling jacket, and switching valves are arranged on the second cooling medium inlet and the second cooling medium outlet.
A method for processing biomass pyrolysis gas uses any one of the above devices.
Further, the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, carbon powder distribution: pyrolysis gas enters a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device from a pyrolysis gas inlet, carbon powder is primarily separated in a straight-in vortex separator, the primarily separated carbon powder is discharged out of the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device through a carbon powder outlet at the bottom of the straight-in vortex separator, and unseparated carbon powder is carried by the primarily separated pyrolysis gas and enters a cyclone separator; the insert depth of a spiral flow guide piece of the straight-in type vortex separator is adjusted, and the cyclone speed is adjusted, so that the particle size and the quantity of carbon powder intercepted by the straight-in type vortex separator are controlled;
s2, cyclone separation and carbon removal: the primarily separated pyrolysis gas enters a cyclone separator through an air inlet of the cyclone separator, and the carbon powder slides off along the wall of a conical shell of the cyclone separator under the action of centrifugal force;
s3, coke and charcoal rolling granulation: under the cooling action of the primary cooling jacket and the secondary cooling jacket, cooling pyrolysis gas in a conical shell of the centrifugal separator to be below a tar condensation temperature point, condensing tar on a conical cylinder wall and bonding with carbon powder to generate rolling granulation, and discharging biomass pyrolysis gas from a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device under the control of a third air-lock valve after the granular carbon-coke mixture is cooled and hardened;
s4, discharging cracked gas: clean pyrolysis gas enters a gas pressurization induced draft fan through an outlet at the top of the cyclone separator, and the gas pressurization induced draft fan pressurizes and conveys the decoking pyrolysis gas.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device, pyrolysis gas is subjected to centrifugal separation primarily through the straight-in type vortex separator, the cyclone speed is adjusted by controlling the insertion depth of the spiral flow guide piece of the straight-in type vortex separator, the particle size and the quantity of separated carbon powder are controlled, and the separated carbon powder is discharged out of the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device through the straight-in type vortex separator; the primarily separated pyrolysis gas enters a cyclone separator, a two-stage cooling jacket is matched under the centrifugal action of the cyclone separator, so that most of tar gas in the pyrolysis gas is controllably condensed, the condensed tar and carbon powder separated by the cyclone separator are subjected to rolling granulation on the inner wall of a shell, and a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device is discharged under the control of a third air-turning-off fan after a granular carbon-coke mixture is cooled and hardened; the clean cracked gas is pressurized and conveyed to a combustion device by a gas pressurization induced draft fan. Therefore, the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device can change the tar content, the carbon powder content and the gas temperature in the pyrolysis gas to generate combustible pyrolysis gas with stable quality, so that the subsequent combustion process can realize combustion control level control. The invention utilizes the viscosity of the tar liquid to carry out rolling granulation on the tar liquid and the separated carbon powder, greatly improves the capturing and separating capability of the cyclone separator on the tiny particles, further enhances the separating efficiency and effectively reduces the carbon powder and dust content in the cracked gas.
2. The biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device can be modified and designed on the existing pneumatic conveying pipeline, does not increase the resistance of the original system, and is low in construction and use cost.
3. The working principle of the straight-in vortex separator is as follows: after entering the pyrolysis gas inlet A, the pyrolysis gas is distributed to the spiral flow guide piece along the tip of the second shell, and flows forwards along the spiral channel of the spiral flow guide piece to form a vortex, solid particles such as carbon powder are separated from the pyrolysis gas under the action of centrifugal force formed by the vortex, the separated carbon powder impacts the inner wall of the first shell and then falls to a carbon powder outlet, and the biomass pyrolysis gas is discharged out of the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device; the primarily separated pyrolysis gas enters the second shell through the pyrolysis gas inlet B, enters the inner cylinder through the air inlet, and is discharged into the cyclone separator from the rear end of the inner cylinder. The tip design of the front end of the second shell and the structural design of the plurality of air inlets on the inner cylinder enable the pressure head loss of the cracked gas passing through the straight-in vortex separator to be extremely low.
4. The design of the primary cooling jacket, the secondary cooling jacket and the pipeline type jacket cooler can realize the separation and cooling of tar and carbon powder on the one hand, and can also transfer the heat energy of high-temperature pyrolysis gas to other media on the other hand, thereby being beneficial to the comprehensive utilization of energy and reducing the energy consumption.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thermal biomass pyrolysis gas treatment apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the straight vortex separator of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first housing of the straight vortex separator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side view of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second housing of the straight vortex separator of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along a-a of fig. 5.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment apparatus, including a straight-in vortex separator, a cyclone separator, a primary cooling jacket 30, a secondary cooling jacket 40, a third air-lock blower 50, and a gas-fired pressurization induced draft fan 60;
the direct-feeding vortex separator comprises a vortex separator body 10 which is horizontally arranged, a pyrolysis gas inlet 101 is arranged at the front end of the vortex separator body, a spiral flow guide part 17 is arranged in the pyrolysis gas inlet 101, the spiral flow guide part 17 is used for enabling pyrolysis gas flowing through the pyrolysis gas inlet to generate vortex, a pyrolysis gas outlet 102 is arranged at the rear end of the vortex separator body 10, a carbon powder outlet 103 is arranged at the bottom of the vortex separator body, the pyrolysis gas outlet 102 is connected with an air inlet 21 of the cyclone separator through an air pipe 2, and the direct-feeding vortex separator is used for primarily separating carbon powder carried in the pyrolysis gas through centrifugal separation and discharging the separated carbon powder out of the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device from the carbon powder outlet;
the cyclone separator comprises a cyclone separator body 20 which is vertically arranged, the cyclone separator body 20 comprises a cylindrical shell 21 and a conical shell 22, the side surface of the cylindrical shell 21 is tangentially provided with an air inlet 201, and the top of the cylindrical shell is provided with an air outlet 202; the bottom of the conical shell 22 is provided with a tar granulated carbon outlet 203, and the tar granulated carbon outlet 203 is provided with a third air-closing machine 50; the conical shell 22 is provided with a primary cooling jacket 30 and a secondary cooling jacket 40, the primary cooling jacket 30 and the secondary cooling jacket 40 are used for cooling the pyrolysis gas passing through the conical shell 22 to be below a tar condensation temperature point, the condensed tar and the carbon powder separated by cyclone are bonded, rolled and granulated, and a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device is discharged from a tar granulation carbon outlet 203;
the top of cyclone body 10 is located to gas pressure boost draught fan 60, and gas pressure boost draught fan import is connected with cyclone body top gas outlet 202, and gas pressure boost draught fan 60 is used for carrying clean pyrolysis gas pressurization to pyrolysis gas burner.
In the present embodiment, the straight vortex separator body 10 includes a first housing 11, a second housing 12, an inner cylinder 13, a first flange 14, a second flange 15, an adjusting screw assembly 16, and a spiral flow guide 17.
The first shell 11 comprises a horizontally arranged conical shell 111 and a vertically arranged rectangular shell 112, a cylindrical pyrolysis gas inlet 101 is formed in the front end of the conical shell 111, the rear end of the conical shell 111 is connected with the upper end of the rectangular shell 112, the rear end of the rectangular shell 112 is sealed, and a through hole matched with the outer diameter of the second shell 12 is formed in a sealing plate. The lower end of the rectangular shell 112 is contracted into a square tube-shaped carbon powder outlet 103, the upper section of the carbon powder outlet 103 is provided with a pipeline type jacket cooler 70, and the pipeline type jacket cooler 70 is used for cooling the carbon powder passing through the carbon powder outlet; the lower section of the carbon powder outlet 103 is provided with a first air-lock machine 80 and a second air-lock machine 90, and a carbon powder storage chamber is formed between the first air-lock machine 80 and the second air-lock machine 90. The pipe jacket cooler 70 includes a cooler housing, a third cooling medium inlet pipe provided at a lower end of the cooler housing, a third cooling medium outlet pipe provided at an upper end of the cooler housing, an inlet valve 72 provided at the third cooling medium inlet pipe, and an outlet valve 71 provided at the third cooling medium outlet pipe. The pipeline type jacket cooler is in the prior art, the cooling medium is liquid, when the cooling medium is water, the cooling medium flows in and out from the lower part and flows out through the jacket to exchange heat with the centrifugally separated powdered carbon, in the working state, the first air-closing machine 80 is started, the second air-closing machine 90 is closed, the cooled powdered carbon falls into the powdered carbon storage chamber to be temporarily stored, when the powdered carbon needs to be discharged, the first air-closing machine 80 is closed, the second air-closing machine 90 is started, the powdered carbon discharge device in the powdered carbon storage chamber is opened, and the first air-closing machine and the second air-closing machine alternately work to complete the conveying of the powdered carbon and ensure the isolation of the internal atmosphere and the external atmosphere of the device. The cooling medium can be led out through the outlet valve 71 after being heated, and the heat energy is effectively utilized.
The front end of the second shell 12 is closed, the closed end is conical, the rear end of the conical shell 121 is connected with a section of cylindrical shell A122, the rear end of the second shell is an enlarged cylindrical shell B123, and the cylindrical shell B123 is connected with the cylindrical shell A122 through a cone. An opening with an arc length of 120 degrees is cut at the bottom of the cylindrical shell B123 along the radial direction, the opening is a pyrolysis gas inlet B104, and the pyrolysis gas inlet B104 is communicated with the first gas inlet cavity 105. The second shell 12 passes through a through hole on the first shell rear sealing plate and is concentrically sleeved in the first shell 11, the conical shell 121 and the cylindrical shell A122 are arranged in the cracking gas inlet 101 of the first shell, a first gas inlet cavity 105 is formed between the first shell 11 and the second shell 12, and the rear end of the cylindrical shell B extends out of the first shell 11 and is connected with the first flange 14.
The spiral flow guiding member 17 is disposed on the outer surface of the cylindrical shell a122, in this embodiment, the spiral flow guiding member 17 is a section of spiral plate spirally wound on the outer surface of the cylindrical shell a122, the outer edge of the spiral plate touches the inner wall of the first shell, and the pyrolysis gas entering the pyrolysis gas inlet 101 flows forward along the spiral channel of the spiral plate to form a vortex.
The inner cylinder 13 is concentrically sleeved in a cylindrical shell B123 of the second shell, and a second air inlet cavity 106 is formed between the inner cylinder 13 and the second shell 12. In this embodiment, the inner cylinder is a hollow cylinder, the front end of the hollow cylinder is closed, the rear end of the hollow cylinder is open, the open end extends out of the second housing 12 and is connected to the second flange 15, the wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of air inlets 131, and the air inlets 131 are communicated with the second air inlet chamber 106. The adjusting screw assembly 16 includes a screw and a lock nut, one end of the screw is screwed into the rear sealing plate of the first housing 11, and the other end of the screw passes through the first flange 12 and the second flange 15 and is fixed by the lock nut. The first flange 12 is attached to the second flange 15, and the second flange 15 also serves as a rear sealing plate of the second housing 12. The length of the screw rod between the first shell and the first flange 12 is adjusted, the depth of the spiral plate extending into the pyrolysis gas inlet 101 is adjusted, the cyclone speed is adjusted, and the particle size and the quantity of the separated carbon powder are controlled, so that the loads of the two separators are reasonably distributed.
In this embodiment, gas pressure boost draught fan 60 is equipped with mends warm mouthful 61, mends warm mouthful 61 and is used for letting in high temperature flue gas, makes the exhaust temperature of clean pyrolysis gas rise to above the tar condensation temperature, prevents that a small amount of unpurified tar from taking place the condensation in transportation process.
In this embodiment, the primary cooling jacket 30 is provided with a first cooling medium inlet and a first cooling medium outlet, and both the first cooling medium inlet and the first cooling medium outlet are provided with a switch valve. And a second cooling medium inlet and a second cooling medium outlet are arranged on the secondary cooling jacket 40, and switching valves are arranged on the second cooling medium inlet and the second cooling medium outlet. The tar condensation state in the cyclone separator can be accurately controlled by reasonably controlling the flow and the flow speed of the cooling medium in the two-stage condensation jacket, so that the separation of most of tar carried in the cracked gas is ensured.
Example 2
A method for processing a biomass pyrolysis gas, using the apparatus for processing a biomass pyrolysis gas of example 1, comprising:
s1, carbon powder distribution: pyrolysis gas enters a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device from a pyrolysis gas inlet 101, carbon powder is primarily separated in a straight-in vortex separator, the primarily separated carbon powder is discharged out of the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device through a carbon powder outlet 103 at the bottom of the straight-in vortex separator, and the carbon powder which is not separated is carried by the primarily separated pyrolysis gas and enters a cyclone separator; the insert depth of a spiral flow guide piece of the straight-in type vortex separator is adjusted, and the cyclone speed is adjusted, so that the particle size and the quantity of carbon powder intercepted by the straight-in type vortex separator are controlled;
in the direct-feeding vortex separator, when pyrolysis gas flows through the spiral flow guide member 17, the pyrolysis gas flows forwards along the spiral channel of the spiral plate to form a vortex, the vortex-shaped pyrolysis gas enters the first gas inlet cavity 105, carbon powder carried in the pyrolysis gas collides with the inner wall of the first shell in the first gas inlet cavity 105 under the action of centrifugal force and then falls to the carbon powder outlet 103, and the carbon powder in the carbon powder outlet 103 is cooled by the pipeline cooling jacket 70 and then is controlled by the first air shutoff machine 80 and the second air shutoff machine 90 to be discharged out of the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device; the primarily separated cracked gas enters the second air inlet cavity 106 through the cracked gas inlet B104, then enters the inner barrel 13 through the air inlet hole 131, and finally enters the air inlet 201 of the cyclone separator through the cracked gas outlet 102 at the rear end of the inner barrel;
s2, cyclone separation and carbon removal: in the cyclone separator 20, under the action of centrifugal force, carbon powder carried in the primarily separated pyrolysis gas slides off along the wall of the conical shell of the cyclone separator;
s3, coke and charcoal rolling granulation: under the cooling action of the primary cooling jacket 30 and the secondary cooling jacket 40, the pyrolysis gas is cooled to a temperature below the condensation temperature point of tar, the tar is condensed on the conical cylinder wall and is bonded with carbon powder to generate rolling granulation, and after the granular carbon-coke mixture is cooled and hardened, the granular carbon-coke mixture is controlled by a third air-lock valve 50 and is discharged out of the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device;
s4, discharging cracked gas: clean pyrolysis gas gets into gas pressure boost draught fan 60 through cyclone top export 202, and gas pressure boost draught fan 60 carries out the pressurization to the pyrolysis gas after removing the coke and carries, and temperature compensation mouth 61 is used for letting in high temperature flue gas, makes the exhaust temperature of clean pyrolysis gas rise to above the tar condensation temperature, prevents that a small amount of unpurified tar from taking place the condensation in transportation process.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device is characterized by comprising a straight-in vortex separator, a cyclone separator, a primary cooling jacket, a secondary cooling jacket, a third air-turning-off fan and a gas pressurization induced draft fan;
the direct-feeding type vortex separator comprises a vortex separator body which is horizontally arranged, wherein a pyrolysis gas inlet is formed in the front end of the vortex separator body, a spiral flow guide part is arranged in the pyrolysis gas inlet and is used for enabling pyrolysis gas flowing through the pyrolysis gas inlet to generate vortex, a pyrolysis gas outlet is formed in the rear end of the vortex separator body, a carbon powder outlet is formed in the bottom of the vortex separator body and is connected with an air inlet of a cyclone separator, and the direct-feeding type vortex separator is used for primarily separating carbon powder carried in the pyrolysis gas through centrifugal separation and discharging the separated carbon powder out of a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device from the carbon powder outlet;
the cyclone separator comprises a cyclone separator body which is vertically arranged, the cyclone separator body comprises a cylindrical shell and a conical shell, the side surface of the cylindrical shell is tangentially provided with an air inlet, and the top of the cylindrical shell is provided with an air outlet; the bottom of the conical shell is provided with a tar granulated carbon outlet, and a third air-lock valve is arranged on the tar granulated carbon outlet; the conical shell is provided with a primary cooling jacket and a secondary cooling jacket, the primary cooling jacket and the secondary cooling jacket are used for cooling pyrolysis gas passing through the conical shell to be below a tar condensation temperature point, condensed tar and carbon powder separated by cyclone are bonded and rolled for granulation, and a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device is discharged from a tar granulation carbon outlet;
the gas pressurization induced draft fan is arranged at the top of the cyclone separator body, an inlet of the gas pressurization induced draft fan is connected with an air outlet at the top of the cyclone separator body, and the gas pressurization induced draft fan is used for pressurizing and conveying clean pyrolysis gas to the pyrolysis gas combustion device;
the straight-in vortex separator body comprises a first shell, a second shell, an inner cylinder, a first flange, a second flange, an adjusting screw assembly and a spiral flow guide piece, wherein the front end of the first shell is provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet, the rear end of the first shell is closed, and the bottom of the first shell is provided with a carbon powder outlet; the second shell is concentrically sleeved in the first shell, a first air inlet cavity is formed between the first shell and the second shell, the front end of the second shell is closed, the closed end of the second shell is conical, the rear end of the conical shell is connected with a section of cylindrical shell A, a spiral flow guide part is arranged on the outer surface of the cylindrical shell A and positioned in a cracking air inlet, the spiral flow guide part is used for enabling cracking air passing through the cracking air inlet to generate vortex, the rear end of the second shell is an enlarged cylindrical shell B, the rear end of the cylindrical shell B extends out of the first shell and is connected with a first flange, a cracking air inlet B is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical shell B, and the cracking air inlet B is communicated with the first air inlet cavity; the inner cylinder is concentrically sleeved in a cylindrical shell B of the second shell, a second air inlet cavity is formed between the inner cylinder and the second shell, the front end of the inner cylinder is closed, the rear end of the inner cylinder is open, the open end extends out of the second shell and is connected with a second flange, the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of air inlet holes, the air inlet holes are communicated with the second air inlet cavity, and the first flange and the second flange are fixedly connected with the first shell through an adjusting screw assembly;
the first shell comprises a horizontally arranged conical shell and a vertically arranged rectangular shell, the front end of the conical shell is provided with a cylindrical pyrolysis gas inlet, the upper end of the rectangular shell is connected with the conical shell, the lower end of the rectangular shell is contracted into a square tubular carbon powder outlet, the upper section of the carbon powder outlet is provided with a pipeline type jacket cooler, and the pipeline type jacket cooler is used for cooling the carbon powder passing through the carbon powder outlet; the lower section of the carbon powder outlet is provided with a first air-shutting machine and a second air-shutting machine, a carbon powder storage chamber is formed between the first air-shutting machine and the second air-shutting machine, and the first air-shutting machine and the second air-shutting machine alternately work to complete carbon powder conveying and simultaneously ensure that the equipment is isolated from the inside and the outside atmosphere.
2. The device for treating the biomass pyrolysis gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pipe jacket cooler comprises a cooler housing, the cooler housing is provided with a third cooling medium inlet and a third cooling medium outlet, and the third cooling medium inlet and the third cooling medium outlet are both provided with a switch valve.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spiral flow guide member is adjusted by the adjusting screw assembly to extend into the pyrolysis gas inlet to adjust the cyclone velocity of the pyrolysis gas in the straight cyclone separator.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gas-fired forced draft fan is provided with a temperature compensating port for introducing high temperature flue gas to raise the exhaust temperature of the clean cracked gas above the tar condensation temperature.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the primary cooling jacket has a first cooling medium inlet and a first cooling medium outlet, and the first cooling medium inlet and the first cooling medium outlet have a switch valve.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the secondary cooling jacket has a second cooling medium inlet and a second cooling medium outlet, and the second cooling medium inlet and the second cooling medium outlet have on/off valves.
7. A method for treating a biomass pyrolysis gas, characterized by using the apparatus for treating a biomass pyrolysis gas according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The method for processing the biomass pyrolysis gas as claimed in claim 7, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carbon powder distribution: pyrolysis gas enters a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device from a pyrolysis gas inlet, carbon powder is primarily separated in a straight-in vortex separator, the primarily separated carbon powder is discharged out of the biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device through a carbon powder outlet at the bottom of the straight-in vortex separator, and unseparated carbon powder is carried by the primarily separated pyrolysis gas and enters a cyclone separator; the insert depth of a spiral flow guide piece of the straight-in type vortex separator is adjusted, and the cyclone speed is adjusted, so that the particle size and the quantity of carbon powder intercepted by the straight-in type vortex separator are controlled;
s2, cyclone separation and carbon removal: the primarily separated pyrolysis gas enters a cyclone separator through an air inlet of the cyclone separator, and carbon powder slides off along the wall of a conical shell of the cyclone separator under the action of centrifugal force;
s3, coke and charcoal rolling granulation: under the cooling action of the primary cooling jacket and the secondary cooling jacket, cooling pyrolysis gas in a conical shell of the centrifugal separator to be below a tar condensation temperature point, condensing tar on a conical cylinder wall and bonding with carbon powder to generate rolling granulation, and discharging biomass pyrolysis gas from a biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device under the control of a third air-lock valve after the granular carbon-coke mixture is cooled and hardened;
s4, discharging cracked gas: clean pyrolysis gas enters a gas pressurization induced draft fan through an outlet at the top of the cyclone separator, and the gas pressurization induced draft fan pressurizes and conveys the decoking pyrolysis gas.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110435055.5A CN113061472B (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-04-22 | Biomass pyrolysis gas treatment device and method |
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