CN113068606A - Artificial emasculation and breeding method for indoor planting of chicory - Google Patents
Artificial emasculation and breeding method for indoor planting of chicory Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113068606A CN113068606A CN202110312545.6A CN202110312545A CN113068606A CN 113068606 A CN113068606 A CN 113068606A CN 202110312545 A CN202110312545 A CN 202110312545A CN 113068606 A CN113068606 A CN 113068606A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- chicory
- pollination
- artificial
- stigma
- indoor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial emasculation and breeding method for indoor planting of chicory, which combines the floral organ characteristics of the chicory, is simple and easy to operate, has no pollen residue and no damage to style during emasculation, and provides technical support for breeding of excellent varieties of chicory plants. Is beneficial to the cultivation of new chicory varieties with excellent characters and enriches the germplasm resources of chicory plants. Meanwhile, the problem that self-pollination is not fruitful when the chicory plants are planted indoors is solved, and the defects that the artificial emasculation of the chicory is easy to damage, the emasculation is not thorough, pollen residue exists, and the artificial crown cutting is matched with a sprayer to wash, so that the operation is complex and the consumed time is long are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compositae breeding, in particular to an artificial emasculation and breeding method for indoor-planted chicory.
Background
Chicory is a perennial herb of chicory of the family compositae and is one of the main forage grass and vegetables widely used at home and abroad at present. As green and fresh forage grass, chicory is rich in nutrition, and has high contents of crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, crude ash and the like. In addition, the pasture chicory is rich in mineral substances, good in palatability, high in pasture yield and long in available period. The chicory leaves are tender in texture and good in taste, and cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens and rabbits are favored to eat. In addition, the chicory has strong adaptability and disease resistance, and the main component of the chicory is inulin which is a pure natural extract of plant roots and can be used as a natural food ingredient.
In China, chicory is mainly introduced, cultivated and utilized in northern humid or semi-humid areas and winter severe cold areas. Traditional pasture planting has high requirements on soil in pasturing areas, occupies cultivated land, and has low yield value, and the selection of pasture varieties is limited by local climatic environments. The indoor planting of the pasture, such as the pasture planted in a plant factory, can break through the limitation of natural conditions such as soil, climate and the like, and realize the annual continuous cropping with high quality of the pasture.
In 1988, chicory varieties are introduced in China, researches mostly focus on the botanical characteristics, the biological ecological characteristics and the feed utilization technology, the research work of the breeding of the forage chicory is not enough, and the breeding research of indoor planting chicory is not reported. In addition, the germplasm resources of chicory in China are deficient, research varieties are mainly focused on puna chicory, sweet chicory and general chicory, the utilization level of the germplasm resources of chicory in China is low, and the development of the economy of the grassland animal husbandry in China urgently requires the intensive research, development and utilization of chicory plants. The related technical development of new variety breeding is beneficial to enriching the germplasm resources of the chicory and better exerting the due production economic benefit of the chicory.
Chicory is a two-year to multi-year herb, including a capitate inflorescence, a small flower with a bluish purple color, a tongue-shaped corolla, a bluish color, a cluster drug stamen, a thin fruit with a ridge, a long cone, a superficial straw quality, a small seed, a brown color and a luster. Due to the characteristic that the artificial hybridization of the flower structure of the compositae plant is difficult to operate, the chicory breeding at present focuses on establishing a genetic transformation system by agrobacterium mediation, takes leaves as explants, directly generates adventitious buds, establishes an in vitro plant regeneration system and other technologies for genetic improvement. However, tissue culture has the problems of difficult regeneration system, poor repeatability, low regeneration rate, sterility, dwarfing, high albinism frequency and the like in the tissue culture process, while genetic transformation technology has the problems of imperfection, capability of only aiming at specific varieties in a transformation system and the like. The method for the hybridization breeding of the compositae plants is rarely reported, and pollen is removed mainly in a mode of manually cutting corolla and washing by a sprayer in the reported method, so that the operation is complicated, and the time consumption is long.
The pollination mode of the chicory is normal cross pollination, the outdoor pollination mainly depends on anemophily or entomophily pollination, and the phenomenon of self-pollination and incompact exists in indoor planting. At present, systematic chicory artificial cross breeding work is not reported in China, and the specificity of reproductive organs of the chicory is an important reason for limiting the development of cross breeding work.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an artificial emasculation and breeding method for indoor planting of chicory, the method combines the floral organ characteristics of the chicory, is simple and easy to operate, has no pollen residue and no damage to a style during emasculation, and provides technical support for breeding of excellent varieties of chicory plants. Is beneficial to the cultivation of new chicory varieties with excellent characters and enriches the germplasm resources of chicory plants. Meanwhile, the problem that self-pollination is not fruitful when the chicory plants are planted indoors is solved, and the defects that the artificial emasculation of the chicory is easy to damage, the emasculation is not thorough, pollen residue exists, and the manual crown shearing is matched with a sprayer to wash, so that the operation is complex and the consumed time is long are overcome.
The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:
an artificial castration method for indoor planting chicory comprises the following steps:
a. selecting plants with target characters, and selecting inflorescences with purple petals just exposed at the edges as target inflorescences;
b. gently peeling off the outer bracts of the target inflorescences by using forceps, and keeping the peripheral bracts from being damaged as much as possible;
c. the top end of a single tubular flower of a target inflorescence is clamped by tweezers, the tubular flower is pulled out along the direction parallel to the growth direction of the stigma, the bottom of the petal is separated from the position in contact with the flower disc, the petal and the stamen are removed at one time, but the pistil is not contacted, and the Y-shaped stigma is exposed.
Preferably, the method allows the selection of tubular flowers on the same inflorescence floral disc for artificial emasculation.
The invention also provides an artificial breeding method for indoor planting of chicory, which comprises the following steps:
(1) castration: emasculation of plants according to the method of any of claims 1-3; bagging the castrated inflorescences;
(2) pollen acquisition: tubular flowers which are fully opened and have mature pollen on the tops are taken and put into a paper bag for drying and low-temperature storage for pollination or directly used for pollination operation;
(3) removing the cap bag after the pistil continues to develop for 12-48 hours, and smearing the mature pollen on the stigma for pollination; using a plastic label to tag the flowering branch, and marking the pollination time; after pollination, in order to prevent the post-pollination stigma from being polluted by other pollen, bagging can be carried out on the post-pollination inflorescence, and the bagging is removed after pistils continue to develop for 3-5 days;
(4) and performing daily management on the pollinated plants, and harvesting mature seeds after about 30 days.
Preferably, the emasculated inflorescences are bagged in transparent or opaque paper bags such as a sulfuric acid paper bag or a kraft paper bag in the steps (2) and (3).
Preferably, after bagging treatment in the step (3), pollination is carried out when pistils continue to develop for 20-24 hours, the style is obviously elongated, and the stigma is flat and flat.
Preferably, the pollination method in the step (3) is as follows: the paternal inflorescences are clamped by tweezers, and pollen of the paternal inflorescences is spotted on the centers of Y-shaped branches of the stigma of the maternal plants for artificial pollination.
Preferably, the inflorescence with the target character and the flowering period consistent with the elongation period of the stigma of the selected female parent is selected in the step (3) as the male parent for pollination.
Preferably, the breeding method includes but is not limited to selfing, crossing, test crossing, etc. which require artificial pollination.
Compared with the existing chicory breeding technology, the invention has the main beneficial effects that: (1) the method solves the problem that the chicory planted indoors is self-bred and not fruitful, can harvest the self-bred seeds of the chicory of the advanced generation, can directionally breed the hybrid seeds of the chicory with target characters and obvious advantages, improves the success rate of breeding and provides technical support for breeding the excellent variety of the chicory; (2) the emasculation method provided by the invention solves the problem that the style is easy to damage when the chicory is emasculated, the operation does not damage the style, the cross pollination rate of plants can be obviously improved, and the experimental result shows that the selfing maturing rate of the chicory is 50.22 percent; meanwhile, the method solves the problem of pollen residue in emasculation of chicory, feverfew is mostly a drug gathering stamen, pollen removal is generally carried out by manually cutting a crown and using a sprayer for washing, the method directly removes a stamen anther tube in the early stage of pollen development, the operation is rapid, and no pollen residue exists. (3) The method is simple and convenient to operate, and overcomes the defects of complex operation and long time consumption of the chicory in the prior breeding technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a selection pattern of maternal inflorescences;
FIG. 2 is a representation of an inflorescence pattern after artificial emasculation;
FIG. 3 is a pattern of the optimal pollination period of the style;
FIG. 4 is a selection pattern of paternal inflorescences;
FIG. 5 is an inflorescence pattern after artificial pollination;
FIG. 6 is a graph of mature champagne chicory seed patterns;
FIG. 7 is a graph of mature general chicory seed patterns;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a shrunken chicory seed pattern without artificial pollination.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
In the examples, the artificial emasculation and selfing method of chicory plants will be described in detail using chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) variety hydroponically cultured in a plant factory as a test material, but the method provided by the present invention is not limited to plant factories, and the method should include other indoor planting environments of various forms such as greenhouses, etc., and the breeding method should not be limited to selfing, but also include breeding means requiring artificial pollination such as hybridization and test crossing, and the examples should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Test materials: champagne chicory and general chicory used in the examples are breeding materials in the laboratory of the applicant, and the applicant has preservation.
Example 1:
an artificial castration and selfing method for indoor planting of chicory comprises the following specific steps:
s1 parent selection
1.1 Champagne chicory planted in plant factory modules is selected as a parent for cross pollination, and the cultivation time is about 50-60 days before entering the flowering phase.
1.2 the champagne chicory has the main characters of being suitable for plant factory planting and high in yield, and the fresh grass yield of the champagne chicory in unit area is 2.6 times of the fresh grass yield of the European endive with higher yield in field planting.
S2 selection of maternal inflorescences
2.1 selecting 6 plants which grow well and meet the breeding target from the cultured champagne chicory plants, and selecting robust inflorescences and inflorescences with growing side branches, wherein the inflorescences are selected to be opened when the side branches grow, and the selection period is preferably that the purple lingulate flowers of the floral organs of the inflorescences just expose petals.
2.2 according to the selected inflorescence, the stamen of the lingulate flower is about to mature, the pollen is attached to the inner wall of the anther tube consisting of the drug-gathering stamens, and when the stamens are manually castrated, the pollen on the inner wall can be completely removed along with the stamens along with the extraction of the stamens. Avoiding pollen residue per se.
2.3 according to the inflorescence selected by the characteristics, the pistil style of the lingulate flowers is not extended, and the distance between the stigma of the style and the top end of the stamen anther is 2mm-3mm, so that the pistil style and the stigma can not be damaged by the tweezers during manual castration.
S3 Artificial castration
3.1 gently peeling off the outer bracts of the champagne chicory by using forceps, and keeping the outer bracts from being damaged as far as possible. The reason why the peripheral bracts are not damaged is that the bracts serve as photosynthetic organs and can provide nutrition for later-stage seed maturation.
3.2 selecting all tubular flowers on the flower disc to perform artificial emasculation. Among these, tubular flowers can be selected for emasculation because the maturity of the lingulate flowers on the same disc of chicory is approximately the same. The specific castration operation is as follows: the top end of the lingulate peanut is clamped by a pair of tweezers, the lingulate peanut is slightly shaken to separate the bottom of the flower from the position contacting with the flower disc, and then the stamen of the flower is upwards removed along the direction parallel to the length of the lingulate peanut to expose the Y-shaped stigma. By the method, the flowers growing well in the flower disc are emasculated.
3.3 after the castration is finished, using a plastic label to tag the flowering branch, and marking the castration time. In order to prevent the emasculated inflorescences from being polluted by other pollen, the emasculated inflorescences can be bagged by using light-transmitting or light-proof paper bags such as a sulfuric acid paper bag or a kraft paper bag, and the like, and pistils continue to develop for 24 hours, and when the style is obviously extended, the front end of the stigma is flattened, so that the pollination period is optimal.
S4 selection and pollination of the male parent in flowering phase
4.1 selecting the lingulate flowers with target characters and the flowering phase consistent with the elongation phase of the stigma of the selected female parent as male parents. Specifically, the flowering phase of the male parent is that the stigma extends out of an anther tube of a drug-gathering stamen, and a large amount of pollen brought out of the anther tube is attached to the stigma.
4.2 gripping the male parent lingulate flowers with tweezers, applying the pollen on the Y-shaped forked center of the female parent stigmas, and carrying out artificial pollination.
4.3 after pollination, marking pollination time on the label, in order to prevent other pollen from polluting the head of the pollinated pistil, bagging the pollinated inflorescence by using a sulfuric acid paper bag or a kraft paper bag, and removing the sulfuric acid paper bag after the pistil continues to develop for 3-5 days.
S5 seed harvesting
5.1 observing the inflorescences subjected to artificial pollination and the inflorescences not subjected to artificial pollination, and finding that the inflorescences not subjected to artificial pollination completely fall off from a flower disc after the lingulate flowers are opened. In the inflorescence for artificial pollination, the flower column is always kept on the flower disc.
5.2 after artificial pollination, normal cultivation management is carried out, and mature champagne chicory seeds can be obtained after pollination is finished for 30-40 days.
Example 2:
an artificial castration and selfing method for indoor planting of chicory comprises the following specific steps:
s1 parent selection
1.1 selecting Cichorium Integrifolium planted in plant factory module as cross-pollinated parent, and beginning to enter flowering phase in about 50-60 days.
1.2 the general chicory is suitable for plant factory planting, and has good growth vigor and consistent plant type.
S2 selection of maternal inflorescences
2.1 selecting 6 plants which have good growth vigor and meet the breeding target from the cultivated general chicory plants, and selecting robust flowering branches and inflorescences with growing side branches, wherein the selection period of the inflorescences is to-be-opened inflorescences with growing side branches, and the selection period is preferably when the purple lingulate flowers of the floral organs of the inflorescences just expose petals.
2.2 according to the selected inflorescence, the stamen of the lingulate flower is about to mature, the pollen is attached to the inner wall of the anther tube consisting of the drug-gathering stamens, and when the stamens are manually castrated, the pollen on the inner wall can be completely removed along with the stamens along with the extraction of the stamens. Avoiding pollen residue per se.
2.3 according to the inflorescence selected by the characteristics, the pistil style of the lingulate flowers is not extended, and the distance between the stigma of the style and the top end of the stamen anther is 2mm-3mm, so that the pistil style and the stigma can not be damaged by the tweezers during manual castration.
S3 Artificial castration
3.1 gently peeling off the outer bracts of the cichorium intybus with a pair of tweezers, and keeping the outer bracts from being damaged as far as possible. The reason why the peripheral bracts are not damaged is that the bracts serve as photosynthetic organs and can provide nutrition for later-stage seed maturation.
3.2 selecting all tubular flowers on the flower disc to perform artificial emasculation. Among these, all tubular flowers can be selected for emasculation because the maturity stages of the lingulate flowers on the same disc of chicory are approximately the same. The specific castration operation is as follows: the top end of the lingulate peanut is clamped by a pair of tweezers, the lingulate peanut is slightly shaken to separate the bottom of the flower from the position contacting with the flower disc, and then the stamen of the flower is upwards removed along the direction parallel to the length of the lingulate peanut to expose the Y-shaped stigma. By the method, the flowers growing well in the flower disc are emasculated.
3.3 after the castration is finished, using a plastic label to tag the flowering branch, and marking the castration time. In order to prevent the emasculated inflorescences from being polluted by other pollen, the emasculated inflorescences can be bagged by using light-transmitting or light-proof paper bags such as a sulfuric acid paper bag or a kraft paper bag, the pistils continue to develop for 44 hours, and when the style is obviously extended, the front end of the stigma is flattened to be the best pollination period.
S4 selection and pollination of the male parent in flowering phase
4.1 selecting the lingulate flowers with target characters and the flowering phase consistent with the elongation phase of the stigma of the selected female parent as male parents. Specifically, the flowering phase of the male parent is that the stigma extends out of an anther tube of a drug-gathering stamen, and a large amount of pollen brought out of the anther tube is attached to the stigma.
4.2 gripping the male parent lingulate flowers with tweezers, applying the pollen on the Y-shaped forked center of the female parent stigmas, and carrying out artificial pollination.
4.3 after pollination, marking pollination time on the label, in order to prevent other pollen from polluting the head of the pollinated pistil, bagging the pollinated inflorescence by using a sulfuric acid paper bag or a kraft paper bag, and removing the sulfuric acid paper bag after the pistil continues to develop for 3-5 days.
S5 seed harvesting
5.1 observing the inflorescences subjected to artificial pollination and the inflorescences not subjected to artificial pollination, and finding that the inflorescences not subjected to artificial pollination completely fall off from a flower disc after the lingulate flowers are opened. In the inflorescence for artificial pollination, the flower column is always kept on the flower disc.
5.2 after artificial pollination, normal cultivation management is carried out, and mature general chicory seeds can be obtained after pollination is finished for 30-40 days.
The research result shows that: the self-bred seed setting rate of general chicory by adopting the self-bred breeding method of the invention reaches 50.22%.
In summary, the self-crossing breeding method of chicory in the embodiment of the invention harvests the high-generation chicory variety through the artificial self-crossing technology, and can directionally breed chicory hybrid seeds with target characters and obvious advantages through the artificial hybridization technology. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An artificial castration method for indoor planting chicory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting plants with target characters, and selecting inflorescences with purple petals just exposed at the edges as target inflorescences;
b. gently peeling off the outer bracts of the target inflorescences by using forceps, and keeping the peripheral bracts from being damaged as much as possible;
c. the top end of a single tubular flower of a target inflorescence is clamped by tweezers, the tubular flower is pulled out along the direction parallel to the growth direction of the stigma, the bottom of the petal is separated from the position in contact with the flower disc, the petal and the stamen are removed at one time, but the pistil is not contacted, and the Y-shaped stigma is exposed.
2. The method for artificially emasculating indoor-planted chicory is characterized in that all tubular flowers on the same inflorescence flower disc can be selected for artificial emasculation.
3. An artificial breeding method for indoor planting of chicory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) castration: emasculation of plants according to the method of claim 1 or 2; bagging the castrated inflorescences;
(2) pollen acquisition: tubular flowers which are fully opened and have mature pollen on the tops are taken and put into a paper bag for drying and low-temperature storage for pollination or directly used for pollination operation;
(3) removing the cap bag after the pistil continues to develop for 12-48 hours, smearing the mature pollen on the stigma for pollination, using a plastic label to hang the flower branches, and marking the pollination time; after pollination, in order to prevent the post-pollinated stigma from being polluted by other pollen, the pollinated inflorescence can be bagged, and the bagging can be removed after the pistil continues to develop for 3-5 days.
(4) And performing daily management on the pollinated plants, and harvesting mature seeds after about 30 days.
4. The artificial breeding method for indoor planted chicory as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inflorescences in the steps (2) and (3) are bagged by transparent or opaque paper bags such as sulfuric acid paper bag or kraft paper bag.
5. The artificial breeding method for indoor planted chicory as claimed in claim 3, wherein pollination is carried out after the gynoecium continues to develop for 20-24 hours after bagging treatment in step (3), the stigma is obviously elongated, and the stigma is usually in a Y-shaped split shape.
6. The artificial breeding method for indoor-planted chicory as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pollination method in the step (3) is as follows: the paternal tubular flower is clamped by tweezers, and the pollen is spotted on the center of the Y-shaped fork of the stigma of the maternal plant for artificial pollination.
7. The artificial breeding method for indoor planted chicory as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inflorescence with the target character and the flowering phase consistent with the elongation phase of the stigma of the selected female parent is selected in the step (3) as the male parent to be pollinated.
8. An artificial indoor breeding method for chicory as claimed in claim 3, wherein the breeding method includes but is not limited to selfing, crossing, test crossing and other methods requiring artificial pollination.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110312545.6A CN113068606A (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2021-03-24 | Artificial emasculation and breeding method for indoor planting of chicory |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110312545.6A CN113068606A (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2021-03-24 | Artificial emasculation and breeding method for indoor planting of chicory |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113068606A true CN113068606A (en) | 2021-07-06 |
Family
ID=76613796
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110312545.6A Pending CN113068606A (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2021-03-24 | Artificial emasculation and breeding method for indoor planting of chicory |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113068606A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115843680A (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-03-28 | 四川种都高科种业有限公司 | Asparagus lettuce cross pollination method and device thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101803562A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2010-08-18 | 兰州大学 | Method for artificial crossing of jerusalem artichoke |
| CN107711495A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-02-23 | 鲁东大学 | Method for preventing self-crossing and improving cross pollination hybridization rate of chicory by artificial emasculation |
-
2021
- 2021-03-24 CN CN202110312545.6A patent/CN113068606A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101803562A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2010-08-18 | 兰州大学 | Method for artificial crossing of jerusalem artichoke |
| CN107711495A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-02-23 | 鲁东大学 | Method for preventing self-crossing and improving cross pollination hybridization rate of chicory by artificial emasculation |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115843680A (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-03-28 | 四川种都高科种业有限公司 | Asparagus lettuce cross pollination method and device thereof |
| CN115843680B (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2024-05-14 | 四川种都高科种业有限公司 | Lettuce hybridization pollination method and device |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Downey et al. | Rapeseed and mustard | |
| Bliss | Common bean | |
| US20040172690A1 (en) | Inbred tetraploid watermelon line 90-4194 | |
| AU2003243222B2 (en) | Tetraploid watermelons producing small fruits | |
| CN107432243B (en) | A kind of selection of cold-resistant, resistance to bolting cabbage | |
| CN105325253A (en) | Tree body management method for increasing yield of red pulp type pitaya | |
| Norden | Peanut | |
| CN103975848A (en) | Breeding and cultivating method for early-matured and disease-resistant brassica oleracea | |
| CN113068606A (en) | Artificial emasculation and breeding method for indoor planting of chicory | |
| Atluri et al. | Pollination ecology of Helicteres isora Linn.(Sterculiaceae) | |
| CN113785741A (en) | Seed production method for pepper breeding | |
| CN109964811B (en) | Hybrid breeding method for rapid castration of pomegranate | |
| Taylor | Clovers | |
| AU2005201854B2 (en) | Broccoli type adapted for ease of harvest | |
| CN106818226B (en) | Multi-variety top-grafting head-changing hybrid seed production method for persimmon trees | |
| Opena et al. | Hybrid seed production in tomato | |
| CN104170725A (en) | Method for breeding high-yield disease-resistant collard | |
| CN109644866B (en) | Artificial accurate hybridization method for chenopodium quinoa | |
| CN115362932A (en) | Pineapple film-covering moisture-proof hybridization method | |
| CN115669530A (en) | Breeding method for rice and sorghum | |
| CN107182776A (en) | A kind of cross breeding method of strawberry | |
| CN101803562A (en) | Method for artificial crossing of jerusalem artichoke | |
| Kalia | Root vegetable crops | |
| CN110249929A (en) | A method for rapid multiplication of melon germplasm resources | |
| Kulkarni et al. | The Australian National Mango Breeding Program-in search of improved cultivars for the new millennium |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |