CN113067308B - Residual current circuit breaker transient fault criterion based on harmonic characteristics - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a residual current circuit breaker transient fault criterion based on harmonic characteristics, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: s1, obtaining an electric shock waveform through a living experiment and Simulink simulation, and finding out harmonic characteristics during electric shock through FFT spectrum; s2, calculating a specific numerical value of the harmonic change rate at the time of electric shock according to the data writing algorithm obtained in the steps S1 to S2. S3, further analyzing the electric shock time, establishing a time-harmonic frequency-amplitude three-dimensional graph, analyzing the three-dimensional graph, and verifying the rationality of the data. The invention is based on the range of the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate as a criterion, and the minimum value range finally obtained through experiments and simulations is used as a core basis for the implementation of the criterion. As a novel criterion, the criterion is judged aiming at abnormal waveforms, and misoperation conditions caused by large leakage current of a platform area are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power low-voltage line distribution, in particular to a residual current circuit breaker transient fault criterion based on harmonic characteristics.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the social electrification degree, human body electric shock accidents caused by the damage of a power grid line, electric leakage of electrical equipment and the like occur frequently. There are many causes of human body electric shock accidents, such as aging of electrical equipment, damage of electrical circuits, etc. Most electric shock accidents occur in low-voltage power grids, and the number of deaths caused by electric shock accidents in rural areas is much higher than that in cities. Currently, the residual current circuit breakers used in China include the following types: (1) Current-operated residual Current Circuit breaker: currently, such protection devices are still used in large numbers in low voltage power networks. Long-term operation shows that when the voltage of the power grid fluctuates or residual current exists in a circuit, the action performance of the device is not stable enough, and misoperation or refusal operation easily occur. (2) a current pulse operation type residual current protection device: when the abrupt current reaches a certain value, the misoperation of the residual current protection device is likely to be caused, the measurement and control links of the device are more, the cost is high, and the device is not popularized in a large scale. (3) a current phase-discrimination amplitude discrimination type residual current circuit breaker: the protection dead zone exists, the protection device is large in size, the household miniature circuit breaker is difficult to manufacture, the household miniature circuit breaker is generally used as a leakage relay, the structure is monotonous, the electronic circuit is complex, and the cost is highest. (4) a current separation type residual current circuit breaker: because the human body impedance is a time-varying network in two to three periods at the time of electric shock of the human body, the impedance value is changed from large to small, and then the time-varying network is changed into a time-varying network, so that the electric shock current can be stripped from the total leakage current by utilizing the non-sine property of the electric shock initiation. However, such devices are mainly due to the high requirements of the immature hardware of the algorithm, and are currently in the research and development stage. In general, a common defect of the residual current circuit breakers on the market is that it is difficult to distinguish leakage current from electric shock current, which is also the root cause of malfunction of the residual current circuit breakers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that a residual current circuit breaker is easy to malfunction and difficult to distinguish electric leakage and electric shock in the prior art, and provides a transient fault criterion of the residual current circuit breaker based on harmonic characteristics
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the residual current circuit breaker transient fault criterion based on the harmonic characteristic specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining an electric shock waveform through a living experiment and Simulink simulation, and finding out harmonic characteristics during electric shock through FFT spectrum;
s2, calculating a specific numerical value of the harmonic change rate at the time of electric shock according to the data writing algorithm obtained in the steps S1 to S2.
S3, further analyzing the electric shock time, establishing a time-harmonic frequency-amplitude three-dimensional graph, analyzing the three-dimensional graph, and verifying the rationality of the data.
Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
S11, according to the conditions of different areas, determining the distribution characteristics of the residual currents of the areas;
S12, building a human body electric shock simulation model in an MATLAB/Simulink environment, and analyzing electric shock waveforms to obtain a range of minimum even harmonic change rate during simulation;
S13, building a wall leakage model, and obtaining an even harmonic change rate threshold value during simulation through wall leakage simulation; because the rural wall body resistance values are different, the minimum value of the approximate wall body resistance values is taken to simulate in consideration of the point, and the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate of the rural wall body resistance values is reduced along with the increase of the wall body resistance values. If yes, obtaining an even harmonic change rate threshold value at the moment through wall leakage simulation;
S14, referring to the data, obtaining a graph of the increase of the plant body resistance along with the increase of the water content, taking the plant body resistance value at the moment of lowest water content, obtaining an electric shock waveform of the biota orientalis at the moment through simulation, and analyzing the harmonic amplitude change condition at the electric shock moment to obtain the minimum range of the even harmonic change rate at the moment;
s15, building a living body electric shock experiment platform and carrying out experimental analysis to obtain a living body electric shock threshold;
S16, comparing the electric shock threshold value obtained when the human body is simulated to be electric shocked in the S12-S14 with the living body electric shock threshold value in the S15, and verifying the rationality of the threshold value;
S17, performing a plurality of groups of living body electric shock experiments to obtain electric shock data.
Preferably, the specific method for extracting the harmonic features in the step S1 is as follows: the scapula electrocuting current is subjected to FFT conversion, and spectrum characteristics after electrocuting are observed:
the harmonic amplitude is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: i (t) represents an electric shock current, n= (1, 2,3 …, 10), a n、bn is a fourier coefficient, and the calculation method is as follows:
Preferably, the characteristics of the criteria can be expressed in the frequency domain, the characteristics can be extracted in the time domain, and the electric shock waveform time-varying function with S transformation as a base is established:
Y m(t)＝|Sq(t,fm) | where g (τ, f) is a gaussian window function, τ is time, σ is gaussian function variance, f is the position of the control window on the time axis, S (τ, f) is a time spectrum matrix obtained by transformation, Y m (t) is a harmonic amplitude time-varying function, t is sampling time, m is the number of harmonics, m=2, 4 ….
Preferably, the same conclusion can be finally obtained whether the time domain analysis or the frequency domain analysis, namely the range of the even harmonic change rate minimum value is approximately the same, and when an electric shock occurs, if the electric shock current waveform is subjected to FFT conversion or S conversion to obtain that the even harmonic change rate minimum value meets the threshold range and the current at the moment exceeds the current setting value of the residual current breaker, the occurrence of the electric shock fault can be judged.
Preferably, the criterion requires determining a range of even harmonic variation rate minima, the even harmonic variation minima in the frequency domain
Where F ij is the i-th period j-th harmonic amplitude, i=1, 2,3 … n, j=2, 4 … 10
The expression in the time domain is:
where τ is the difference in the consecutive time periods.
Preferably, whether an electric shock fault occurs is judged through abnormal current fluctuation, and in a station area with larger leakage current, the situation of reducing misoperation of the residual current circuit breaker can be finally realized by distinguishing the minimum value range of wall body leakage and human body electric shock even harmonic change rate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is based on the range of the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate as a criterion, and the minimum value range finally obtained through experiments and simulations is used as a core basis for the implementation of the criterion. As a novel criterion, the criterion is judged aiming at abnormal waveforms, and misoperation conditions caused by large leakage current of a platform area are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a waveform diagram of electric shock simulation of an electric burning human body.
Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram of electric shock of an electric burning human body after a criterion is added.
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of wall leakage simulation.
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of simulation of electric shock of Platycladus orientalis.
Fig. 5 is a fin-fin electric shock FFT spectrum.
Fig. 6 is a pin-to-pin electrical shock FFT spectrum.
Fig. 7 is a leg-to-leg shock FFT spectrum.
Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional diagram of the fin-fin electric shock S transformation.
Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional diagram of a foot-to-foot shock S-transformation.
Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional diagram of a leg-to-leg shock S-transformation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is that an electric ignition human body electric shock model is built in an MATLAB/Simulink environment, a human body electric shock simulation model of medical electrical equipment is used for sensing and reacting the human body electric shock model, 5 human body electric shock simulation models such as a current human body electric shock model, a UL1536 standard human body electric shock model and the like are eliminated, the minimum value range of the even harmonic wave change rate is epsilon 1,ε2, and when the minimum value of the even harmonic wave change rate meets the range, the human body electric shock can be judged. The electric shock simulation waveform of the electric firing human body is shown in fig. 1, and the result after the criterion is applied in the residual current circuit breaker is shown in fig. 2.
Because the rural wall body resistance is different, the minimum value of the approximate wall body resistance is taken to simulate, and the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate of the wall body resistance is reduced along with the increase of the wall body resistance. As shown in FIG. 3, which is a wall leakage simulation waveform diagram, the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate of the wall leakage is calculated to be (0, epsilon 3), and the leakage condition can be judged when the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate meets the range. Wherein ε 3 is slightly less than ε 1.
Referring to the data, a graph of the increase of plant resistance with the increase of water content is obtained, the plant resistance at the time of lowest water content is taken, an electric shock waveform diagram of the biota orientalis is obtained through simulation, as shown in fig. 4, and the biota orientalis electric shock can be judged by calculating the fact that the change rate of the even harmonic is (0, epsilon 4) and when the minimum value of the change rate of the even harmonic meets the range. Wherein epsilon 4 is far smaller than epsilon 1, and the fact that the judgment of human body electric shock cannot be influenced because the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate of the biota orientalis is too small is also seen. And the peak value of the minimum value range of the wall leakage even harmonic wave change rate is relatively close to the valley value of the minimum value range of the human body electric shock even harmonic wave change rate. Through analysis, if the wall body resistance is larger (more than 800 ohms), the leakage of the wall body and the electric shock of a human body can be distinguished.
And constructing a living body electric shock experiment platform and carrying out experimental analysis, and carrying out electric shock experiments on three parts of the living body to obtain electric shock FFT spectrums of all parts of the living body shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, wherein 0.2-0.9s is the period before, during and after electric shock. The minimum range of even harmonic change rate is calculated to be (epsilon 5,ε6), wherein epsilon 5 is slightly smaller than epsilon 1 and slightly larger than epsilon 3, and epsilon 6 is slightly larger than epsilon 2. Because of randomness of experimental environment, simulation is carried out under ideal conditions, and the minimum range of the even harmonic change rate obtained by simulation is not greatly different from the range obtained by experiments. The minimum range of even harmonic variation rates is ultimately chosen to be (epsilon 5,ε6). When the even harmonic change rate (ε 5,ε6) is satisfied, it can be determined that the living body is electrically shocked. And the range of (0, ∈ 3) is the wall leakage. At (0, ε 4) is the biota orientalis electric shock.
Further analyzing the electric shock time, establishing a time-harmonic frequency-amplitude three-dimensional graph, analyzing and calculating, wherein the three-dimensional graph corresponds to three parts of electric shock in the figure 5, the figure 6 and the figure 7 under S transformation as shown in the figure 8, the figure 9 and the figure 10 respectively. And under the S transformation, the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate is (epsilon 5+δ5,ε6-δ6). Wherein δ 5,δ6 are all percentile decimal. This illustrates that the conclusion drawn by the two different methods is approximately the same. The obtained data are reasonable.
The residual current circuit breaker transient fault criterion based on the harmonic characteristic is suitable for a low-voltage transformer area. And forming double criteria with the action current setting value of the residual current circuit breaker. The logic expression is that when the current waveform meets the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate through harmonic calculation and the current exceeds the setting value of the residual current, the logic expression of the residual current breaker given by the internal system of the breaker is 0+0=0, which means that an electric shock fault occurs in the circuit and the circuit is disconnected. The current waveform does not meet the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate through harmonic calculation, however, the current still exceeds the setting value, and the system gives the logic expression of the residual current breaker as 1+0=1. Under such a condition, misoperation of the residual current circuit breaker is avoided, and meanwhile, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced.
Claims (7)
1. The residual current circuit breaker transient fault criterion method based on the harmonic characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, obtaining an electric shock waveform through a living experiment and Simulink simulation, and finding out harmonic characteristics during electric shock through FFT spectrum;
s2, writing an algorithm according to the data obtained in the S1, and calculating a specific numerical value of the harmonic change rate at the time of electric shock;
S3, further analyzing the electric shock time, establishing a time-harmonic frequency-amplitude three-dimensional graph, analyzing the three-dimensional graph, and verifying the rationality of the data;
step S1 comprises the steps of:
S11, according to the conditions of different areas, determining the distribution characteristics of the residual currents of the areas;
S12, building a human body electric shock simulation model in an MATLAB/Simulink environment, and analyzing electric shock waveforms to obtain a range of minimum even harmonic change rate during simulation;
s13, building a wall leakage model, and obtaining an even harmonic change rate threshold value during simulation through wall leakage simulation;
s14, obtaining an electric shock waveform of the biota orientalis through simulation, and analyzing the harmonic amplitude change condition at the electric shock moment to obtain the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate at the moment;
The minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate is (epsilon 1,ε2); the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate of the wall body leakage is (0, epsilon 3),ε3 is slightly less than epsilon 1), the even harmonic change rate of the biota orientalis electric shock is (0, epsilon 4),ε4 is far less than epsilon 1, the minimum value range of the harmonic change rate of the living body electric shock threshold is (epsilon 5,ε6), epsilon 5 is slightly smaller than epsilon 1 and slightly larger than epsilon 3, epsilon 6 is slightly larger than epsilon 2, the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate is (epsilon 5,ε6), when the even harmonic change rate is (epsilon 5,ε6), the living body electric shock can be judged, the electric shock threshold obtained by simulating the human body electric shock is compared with the living body electric shock threshold, the rationality of the threshold is verified, and the minimum value range of the even harmonic change rate is (epsilon 5+δ5,ε6-δ6).
2. The method for transient fault criteria of a residual current circuit breaker based on harmonic characteristics according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 further comprises the steps of:
S12, determining that the human body is electrocuted when the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate meets the range, wherein the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate is (epsilon 1,ε2);
S13, determining the leakage condition when the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate of the wall leakage is in the range of (0, epsilon 3) and the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate meets the range, wherein epsilon 3 is slightly smaller than epsilon 1;
S14, referring to data to obtain a graph of the increase of plant resistance along with the increase of water content, obtaining an electric shock waveform of the biota orientalis at the moment by simulation, analyzing the change condition of harmonic amplitude at the electric shock moment to obtain the minimum range of even harmonic change rate at the moment, wherein the even harmonic change rate of the biota orientalis is (0, epsilon 4), and judging that the biota orientalis is electric shock when the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate meets the range, wherein epsilon 4 is far smaller than epsilon 1;
S15, building a living body electric shock experiment platform and carrying out experimental analysis to obtain a living body electric shock threshold, wherein the minimum value range of harmonic wave change rate is epsilon 5,ε6, epsilon 5 is slightly smaller than epsilon 1 and slightly larger than epsilon 3, epsilon 6 is slightly larger than epsilon 2, the minimum value range of even harmonic wave change rate is epsilon 5,ε6, and when the minimum value range of even harmonic wave change rate is epsilon 5,ε6, the living body electric shock can be judged;
s16, comparing an electric shock threshold value obtained by simulating human electric shock with the live electric shock threshold value in S15, and verifying the rationality of the threshold value, wherein the minimum value range of even harmonic change rate is epsilon 5+δ5,ε6-δ6, and delta 5,δ6 is a percentile decimal;
S17, performing a plurality of groups of living body electric shock experiments to obtain electric shock data.
3. The method for transient fault criteria of a residual current circuit breaker based on harmonic characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for extracting the harmonic characteristics in step S1 is as follows: FFT conversion is carried out on the electric shock current, and spectrum characteristics after electric shock are observed:
the harmonic amplitude is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: i (t) represents an electric shock current, n= (1, 2,3 …, 10), a n、bn is a fourier coefficient, and the calculation method is as follows:
4. The residual current circuit breaker transient fault criterion method based on harmonic characteristics according to claim 1 is characterized in that the characteristics of the criterion are expressed in a frequency domain, the characteristics are extracted in a time domain, and an electric shock waveform time-varying function based on S transformation is established:
Ym(t)＝|Sq(t,fm)|
Where g (τ, f) is a gaussian window function, τ is time, σ is a gaussian function variance, f is a position of a control window on a time axis, S (τ, f) is a time spectrum matrix obtained by transformation, Y m (t) is a harmonic amplitude time-varying function, t is a sampling time, m is a harmonic order, and m=2, 4 ….
5. The method for judging the transient fault of the residual current circuit breaker based on the harmonic characteristics according to claim 1 is characterized in that the same conclusion can be finally obtained whether time domain analysis or frequency domain analysis is carried out, namely the range of the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate is approximately the same, and when an electric shock occurs, if the minimum value of the even harmonic change rate obtained by FFT conversion or S conversion of an electric shock current waveform meets the threshold range and the current at the moment exceeds the current setting value of the residual current circuit breaker, the electric shock fault can be judged.
6. The method for determining the transient fault criteria of the residual current circuit breaker based on the harmonic characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the criteria is to determine the minimum range of the even harmonic change rate, and the minimum of the even harmonic change in the frequency domain
Where F ij is the i-th period j-th harmonic amplitude, i=1, 2,3 … n, j=2, 4 … 10
The expression in the time domain is:
where τ is the difference in the consecutive time periods.
7. The residual current circuit breaker transient fault criterion method based on harmonic characteristics according to claim 5 or 6 is characterized in that whether an electric shock fault occurs is judged through current fluctuation abnormality, and in a station area with larger leakage current, the situation of reducing misoperation of the residual current circuit breaker is finally realized by distinguishing a minimum value range of wall leakage and human body electric shock even harmonic change rate.
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