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CN113028864A - 石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法 - Google Patents

石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113028864A
CN113028864A CN202110215930.9A CN202110215930A CN113028864A CN 113028864 A CN113028864 A CN 113028864A CN 202110215930 A CN202110215930 A CN 202110215930A CN 113028864 A CN113028864 A CN 113028864A
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graphite
tube
heat exchanger
shell
impregnated
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CN113028864B (zh
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孙建军
王俊飞
刘畅
刘仍礼
何志峰
许亮
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Nantong Star Graphite Co ltd
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Nantong Star Graphite Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1669Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines
    • F28F9/0248Arrangements for sealing connectors to header boxes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法,采用碳素原料,通过模具压制为棒材,接着焙烧,然后机加工制成标准石墨列管,然后浸渍四氟乙烯,将此石墨列管作为列管式换热器内部的换热管。本发明的石墨管材平直度高,表面光滑,耐腐蚀性高,管材的互换性高。

Description

石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种化工行业使用的换热器制造技术。
背景技术
传统的石墨列管式换热器中采用的石墨管是采用碳素原料挤管--焙烧--石墨化而成,这样的石墨管容易出现偏心、弯曲等问题。而且成型以后基本不再进行机加工,由于偏心弯曲的存在,机加工会出现局部壁过薄,强度不够。
申请号:2011101548753发明公开了一种石墨换热器用布液管,包括布液管本体,其特征在于:所述布液管本体由四氟乙烯管制成。该发明的石墨材质与四氟乙烯材质两种管材性质差异较大各自的有点未能有机结合起来。
本申请人申请的申请号:201410372284的发明涉及一种列管式石墨换热器,所述内石墨筒由上管板、换热管及下管板由上至下依次连接而成,所述换热管并列设置在上管板与下管板之间,其两端分别固定在上管板与下管板内;该发明的换热效果虽好,但是换热管的强度不够高,尺寸精度和平直度未有可靠保证,表面耐腐蚀性稍弱,换热效果也有待提高。
发明内容
发明目的:
本发明提供一种强度高、尺寸精度高、防腐蚀性好、能够标准化制作的浸四氟石墨列管式换热器。
技术方案:
本发明提供的浸四氟石墨列管式换热器的制备方法,采用碳素原料,通过模具压制为棒材胚料(圆棒或者多边形棒材),接着焙烧为石墨棒材,然后机加工制成标准石墨列管(外表车铣成外经相同的管材,便于与隔板或者其它管件形成可更换的标准装配,内部深孔镗孔)。将此石墨列管作为列管式换热器内部的换热管。
优选,石墨列管的碳素原料中,添加有短切碳纤维(基本是轴向或斜向预置、非径向预置),焙烧后形成C-C复合材料材质,增加管材的长度方向的比强度和比刚性,避免增加径向切削加工的难度和表面的粗糙度;而且在后续的车削等机加工中,局部壁虽然变薄,但是耐压能力还足够。
通常的金属换热管是拉拔成型的,通常的石墨换热管是挤出成型的,它们的管径和壁厚都是到处相同的。本发明中优选,石墨列管内部采用镗孔工艺,而且通过在管腔内部采用数控镗铣刀具镗孔,可以做成均匀变化的锥形孔,使得一端内部镗孔的内径较小,壁较厚----热媒入口处、气体温度高、压力大的那端,热媒流速快,不易开裂;另一端内径大壁薄----温度低压力小的那端,热媒流速慢,便于传质传热,而且换热后的热媒流出顺畅,不易产生结垢。
机加工后,石墨列管再在四氟乙烯溶液中(聚合是以水乳液的形式进行的。这个过程得到聚合物颗粒的悬浮液。四氟乙烯会爆炸分解成四氟甲烷和碳,所以需要特殊的聚合设备来防止可能引发这种危险副反应的热点产生)浸渍标准管材,后采用360-380℃的温度(略高于四氟乙烯的熔点以上温度,便于熔融渗透石墨表面,同时温度不宜过高,避免四氟乙烯分解,同时节能降耗)进行热处理后冷却,在隔绝氧气的无氧条件下发生辐射交联渗透(尤其是机械加工的微裂纹、微凹陷),使之成为不透性石墨,并增加管材的防腐蚀性能和表面力学强度。
先进行机械加工,后浸渍四氟乙烯,使得四氟乙烯涂层(浸渍层)完整,不破损,保证管材全部外表面具有良好的耐蚀性,交联聚四氟乙烯提高了高温机械性能和耐腐蚀性,用于多种腐蚀性化学物质的管道,尤其适合用于换热设备中的换热管。列管与管板采用单管O型密封圈密封(优选耐高温弹性橡胶,如氟硅橡胶,耐温、缓冲、密封、与四氟乙烯和石墨两种材质的亲和性),克服了四氟浸渍石墨粘结强度低的弱点。
同时,管材内外表面光滑,有助于流体从内外侧流过(管道之间供冷媒通过)。聚四氟乙烯表面兼做润滑剂,可减少摩擦、磨损和机器能耗。管板与石墨列管之间不会发生粘接现象,由于外壁面精确的机加工,使得与管板之间的间隙能够精确控制,获得很好的机械密封,同时又便于紧密安装、连接和拆换容易。
有益效果:
本发明的石墨管材平直度高,不偏心,尺寸精度高;表面光滑,耐腐蚀性高;管材的热力学强度高,传质传热效果好;管材与其它管件的连接方便配合紧密。整个装置中流体流动顺畅,使用寿命长久。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种轴向剖面结构示意图。
图中,1-热媒入口;2-石墨列管高温端;3-管板;4-石墨列管低温端;5-冷媒入口;6-石墨列管管壁。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法:采用石墨管材作为列管式换热器内部的换热管,所述的石墨管材是采用碳素原料,通过模具压制为棒材胚料,接着焙烧为石墨棒材,再通过外表车铣、内部镗孔的机加工制成石墨列管,使得石墨列管内部镗有均匀变化的锥形孔,热媒入口处的一端内部镗孔的内径小、壁厚,另一端内径大、壁薄。然后将石墨列管浸渍四氟乙烯分散液,采用365-375℃的温度,在隔绝氧气的条件下进行热处理发生辐射交联后冷却,形成四氟乙烯表面浸渍层,成为不透性石墨列管。

Claims (5)

1.一种石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法,采用石墨管材作为列管式换热器内部的换热管,其特征在于:所述的石墨管材是采用碳素原料,通过模具压制为棒材胚料,接着焙烧为石墨棒材,再通过外表车铣、内部镗孔的机加工制成石墨列管;然后将石墨列管浸渍四氟乙烯分散液,形成四氟乙烯表面浸渍层,成为不透性石墨列管。
2.如权利要求1所述的石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法,其特征在于:碳素原料中,添加有基本为轴向或斜向预置的短切碳纤维,焙烧后形成C-C复合材料材质的石墨。
3.如权利要求1所述的石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法,其特征在于:石墨列管在四氟乙烯溶液中浸渍管材,然后采用360-380℃的温度,在隔绝氧气的条件下进行热处理发生辐射交联后冷却,在石墨管材表面形成牢固的四氟乙烯表面浸渍层。
4.如权利要求1所述的石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法,其特征在于:石墨列管内部镗有均匀变化的锥形孔,热媒入口处的一端内部镗孔的内径小、壁厚,另一端内径大、壁薄。
5.如权利要求1所述的石墨浸渍四氟列管式换热器的制备方法,其特征在于:列管与管板之间采用O型氟硅橡胶密封圈密封。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116253582A (zh) * 2023-05-15 2023-06-13 太原市江兴石墨换热设备有限公司 浸渍聚四氟乙烯的不透性石墨材料及制造工艺及换热设备
EP4279855A1 (en) * 2022-05-18 2023-11-22 Mersen France Py SAS Method for manufacturing a heat exchange graphite assembly, corresponding assembly and tube bundle heat exchanger comprising the same

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DE2929300A1 (de) * 1979-07-19 1981-01-29 Linde Ag Reaktor zur durchfuehrung katalytischer endothermer oder exothermer reaktionen
CN1747782A (zh) * 2002-12-19 2006-03-15 英诺文尼欧洲有限公司 环氧乙烷的生产方法
CN101949656A (zh) * 2010-09-10 2011-01-19 南通京通石墨设备有限公司 列管式石墨换热器修复方法
CN107560463A (zh) * 2017-09-05 2018-01-09 南通山剑石墨设备有限公司 一种用于粉体加热的列管式石墨换热器

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2929300A1 (de) * 1979-07-19 1981-01-29 Linde Ag Reaktor zur durchfuehrung katalytischer endothermer oder exothermer reaktionen
CN1747782A (zh) * 2002-12-19 2006-03-15 英诺文尼欧洲有限公司 环氧乙烷的生产方法
CN101949656A (zh) * 2010-09-10 2011-01-19 南通京通石墨设备有限公司 列管式石墨换热器修复方法
CN107560463A (zh) * 2017-09-05 2018-01-09 南通山剑石墨设备有限公司 一种用于粉体加热的列管式石墨换热器

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4279855A1 (en) * 2022-05-18 2023-11-22 Mersen France Py SAS Method for manufacturing a heat exchange graphite assembly, corresponding assembly and tube bundle heat exchanger comprising the same
WO2023223147A1 (en) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 Mersen France Py Sas Method for manufacturing a heat exchange graphite assembly, corresponding assembly and tube bundle heat exchanger comprising the same
CN116253582A (zh) * 2023-05-15 2023-06-13 太原市江兴石墨换热设备有限公司 浸渍聚四氟乙烯的不透性石墨材料及制造工艺及换热设备
CN116253582B (zh) * 2023-05-15 2023-07-21 太原市江兴石墨换热设备有限公司 浸渍聚四氟乙烯的不透性石墨材料及制造工艺及换热设备

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