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CN113004815B - 一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113004815B
CN113004815B CN202110255815.4A CN202110255815A CN113004815B CN 113004815 B CN113004815 B CN 113004815B CN 202110255815 A CN202110255815 A CN 202110255815A CN 113004815 B CN113004815 B CN 113004815B
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蔡书义
焦华
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Abstract

本发明属于太阳能电池材料领域，具体涉及一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法。具体技术方案为：一种胶膜，所述胶膜包括三层，依次为：EVA层、POE层和EVA‑POE共混层。本发明提供了一种新的太阳能电池用封装胶膜。该胶膜由EVA层、POE层和EVA‑POE层组成，兼具EVA和POE的优点。使用本发明提供的封装胶膜，相较于普通的EVA胶膜，可同时提升体积电阻率、水汽阻隔性能，在湿热环境下的绝缘性能及抗衰减性能优异。

Description

一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池材料领域，具体涉及一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科技的不断发展，环境污染和能源短缺问题也日益凸显。针对这一问题，将太阳能转化为电能成为有效解决方案之一。现有技术中，往往利用太阳能电池组件实现上述目的。太阳能电池组件的核心部件是硅电池，其虽具有30年以上的使用寿命，但无法直接放置于室外，否则非常容易被损坏；需要使用胶膜对其进行封装。在各种已知胶膜中，EVA胶膜的透光率、粘结性能等均较为优异，成为目前最常用的太阳能电池封装胶膜之一。
然而，EVA胶膜在温度、湿度、负电压等的作用下，容易发生老化黄变，导致出现发电效率功率衰减现象(PID)，从而大幅降低整个太阳能电池组件的使用寿命。现有研究表明，发生PID现象的诱因主要为：在室外环境下，水汽进入EVA，EVA水解产生醋酸，醋酸与玻璃表面析出的碱反应产生可自由移动的钠离子，钠离子在电场作用下移动到电池表面，在电池片表面形成反向电位差，从而导致PID。因此，如果能赋予EVA胶膜更强的阻隔水汽的性能，或阻隔钠离子的性能，或提升其体积电阻率，则有望一定程度上解决PID问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种胶膜，所述胶膜包括三层，依次为：EVA层、POE层和EVA-POE共混层。
优选的，按重量份数，所述EVA层的配方包括：EVA 80～90份、交联剂0.8～1.2份、助交联剂0.3～0.6份、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.6份、UV 0.1～0.3份、AO 0.1～0.3份、纳米TiO28～15份、纳米MgO 3～8份。
优选的，按重量份数，所述POE层的配方包括：POE 90～110份、聚乳酸3～8份、EGMA0.3～0.6份、GO 0.8～1.2份、交联剂0.8～1.2份、助交联剂0.3～0.8份、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.8份、UV 0.1～0.3份、AO 0.1～0.3份。
优选的，按重量份数，所述EVA-POE共混层的配方包括：EVA 80～90份、POE 10～20份、交联剂0.8～1.2份、助交联剂0.3～0.8份、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.8份、UV 0.1～0.3份、AO0.1～0.3份、纳米TiO2 12～18份、ATH 0.8～1.2份。
优选的，所述EVA中，VA含量为20～30％，熔融指数为15～25g/10min。
优选的，所述POE为乙烯-辛烯共聚物，熔融指数为15～25g/10min。
优选的，所述交联剂为TBEC；和/或；所述助交联剂为TAIC。
相应的，所述胶膜的制备方法，将EVA层、POE层、EVA-POE层的各组分分别充分混匀，将三层混匀物料共挤、冷却、定型。
优选的，所述POE层置于三层的中间层。
优选的，EVA-POE层各组分的混匀方法为：先将EVA-POE层中的POE和等量EVA充分混合，再加入与混合后的POE和EVA等量的EVA，充分混合；随后加入其余组分，高速、充分混匀。
本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明提供了一种新的太阳能电池用封装胶膜。该胶膜由EVA层、POE层和EVA-POE层组成，兼具EVA和POE的优点。其中，EVA层添加适量纳米氧化钛和纳米氧化镁，不仅可起到屏蔽光的作用，两者纳米材料粒径大小不一，在EVA层中相互配合，形成类似于迷宫的结构，进一步增强阻隔性能。POE层中添加少量PLA和GO。单独的PLA使用寿命较短，但添加少量到POE中后，可帮助改善POE的阻隔性能，且不会显著影响POE的整体使用寿命。特定量的EGMA可以改善POE和PLA的相容性，但过量的EGMA反而会降低胶膜的体积电阻率。EVA-POE层中，除添加POE以增加体积电阻率外，还添加了氢氧化铝，可同时增强阻隔作用和增加体积电阻率。使用本发明提供的封装胶膜，相较于普通的EVA胶膜，可同时提升体积电阻率、水汽阻隔性能，在湿热环境下的绝缘性能及抗衰减性能优异。
另外，申请人进行大量试验后发现：使用特定量的交联剂、抗氧化剂才能发挥优异的综合性能，如果调整用量，可能会降低力学性能、剥离强度等。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种封装胶膜，所述封装胶膜包括三层，依次为：EVA层、POE层和EVA-POE共混层。
其中，按重量份数，所述EVA层配方包括：EVA 80～90份、交联剂TBEC(叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯)0.8～1.2份、助交联剂TAIC(三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯)0.3～0.6份、KH-570硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.6份、UV 0.1～0.3份、AO 0.1～0.3份、纳米TiO2 8～15份、纳米MgO3～8份。
所述POE层配方包括：POE 90～110份、聚乳酸3～8份、EGMA(聚乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯)0.3～0.6份、GO(氧化石墨烯)0.8～1.2份、TBEC 0.8～1.2份、TAIC 0.3～0.8份、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.8份、UV 0.1～0.3份、AO 0.1～0.3份。
所述EVA-POE层配方包括：EVA 80～90份、POE 10～20份、TBEC 0.8～1.2份、TAIC0.3～0.8份、KH-570硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.8份、UV(紫外光吸收剂)0.1～0.3份、AO(抗氧化剂)0.1～0.3份、纳米TiO2 12～18份、ATH(氢氧化铝)0.8～1.2份。
其中，所述EVA中，VA含量为20～30％，熔融指数为15～25g/10min。POE为乙烯-辛烯共聚物，熔融指数为15～25g/10min。
本发明还提供了所述封装胶膜的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)将EVA层、POE层各组分分别充分混匀。其中，先将POE层的PLA单独升温至熔融状态，降低熔体温度，加入POE层其余组分，充分混匀。
(2)先将EVA-POE层中的POE和等量EVA充分混合，再加入与混合后的POE和EVA等量的EVA，充分混合；随后加入其余组分，高速、充分混匀。
(3)将EVA层、POE层、EVA-POE层混匀的物料分别加入共挤流延机中，POE层位于中间层。三层物料共挤、冷却、定型、收卷、包装，即得所需胶膜。其中，控制流延机中的流道、挤出、模头温度均为90～100℃。
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。若未特别指明，实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例
1、按上述方法制备14组胶膜，各组配方组成如表1所示。并同时市购普通EVA胶膜，作为阳性对照组。其中，表中各组的份数指重量份数；组1、2、3中只有1层，则直接挤出、定型即可，无需共挤。需要说明的是，申请人并非只进行了表1的试验，只是出于篇幅限制，只选择了部分具有代表性的组别和数据进行展示。
表1各组胶膜配方组分展示表
Figure BDA0002968333530000041
Figure BDA0002968333530000051
Figure BDA0002968333530000061
Figure BDA0002968333530000071
2、参考GB/T 29848-2018《光伏组件封装用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)胶膜》的方法和标准，测定、评估各组胶膜的基础性能。选用同批次、同型号电池片，分别使用各组胶膜进行封装，在相同条件下参考DIN IEC/TS 62804-1-2017的方法进行功率衰减测试(温度为85℃±2℃，湿度为85％±5％，测试1000h)。部分测试结果如表2、3所示。EVA层与玻璃/背板的剥离强度更大，故组4～15均为EVA层朝向玻璃/背板。
“/”表示未进行对应测试。
表2各组胶膜性能展示表之一
Figure BDA0002968333530000081
表3各组胶膜性能展示表之二
Figure BDA0002968333530000082
Figure BDA0002968333530000091
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形、变型、修改、替换，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种胶膜，其特征在于：所述胶膜包括三层，依次为：EVA层、POE层和EVA-POE共混层；按重量份数，所述EVA层的配方包括：EVA 80～90份、交联剂 0.8～1.2份、助交联剂 0.3～0.6份、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.6份、紫外光吸收剂 0.1～0.3份、抗氧化剂 0.1～0.3份、纳米TiO2 8～15份、纳米MgO 3～8份；按重量份数，所述POE层的配方包括：POE 90～110份、聚乳酸3～8份、EGMA 0.3～0.6份、氧化石墨烯0.8～1.2份、交联剂0.8～1.2份、助交联剂0.3～0.8份、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.8份、紫外光吸收剂0.1～0.3份、抗氧化剂0.1～0.3份；按重量份数，所述EVA-POE共混层的配方包括：EVA 80～90份、POE 10～20份、交联剂0.8～1.2份、助交联剂0.3～0.8份、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.8份、紫外光吸收剂0.1～0.3份、抗氧化剂0.1～0.3份、纳米TiO2 12～18份、ATH 0.8～1.2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述胶膜，其特征在于：所述EVA中，VA含量为20～30%，熔融指数为15～25g/10min。
3.根据权利要求1所述胶膜，其特征在于：所述POE为乙烯-辛烯共聚物，熔融指数为15～25g/10min。
4.根据权利要求1所述胶膜，其特征在于：所述交联剂为TBEC；和/或；所述助交联剂为TAIC。
5.权利要求1～4任意一项所述胶膜的制备方法，其特征在于：将EVA层、POE层、EVA-POE层的各组分分别充分混匀，将三层混匀物料共挤、冷却、定型。
6.根据权利要求5所述胶膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述POE层置于三层的中间层。
7.根据权利要求5所述胶膜的制备方法，其特征在于：EVA-POE层各组分的混匀方法为：先将EVA-POE层中的POE和等量EVA充分混合，再加入与混合后的POE和EVA等量的EVA，充分混合；随后加入其余组分，充分混匀。
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