CN112957343A - 一种蛋白@zif-8n纳米材料及其制备与应用 - Google Patents
一种蛋白@zif-8n纳米材料及其制备与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112957343A CN112957343A CN202110184970.1A CN202110184970A CN112957343A CN 112957343 A CN112957343 A CN 112957343A CN 202110184970 A CN202110184970 A CN 202110184970A CN 112957343 A CN112957343 A CN 112957343A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种蛋白@ZIF‑8N纳米材料及其制备与应用,所述蛋白@ZIF‑8N纳米材料以改性的沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8为母体,包封蛋白,形成蛋白@ZIF‑8N纳米材料,以实现细胞内的蛋白质递送;所述改性的沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8是通过在沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8中掺杂改性剂制成;所述改性剂为咪唑类似物。本发明制备方法简单,条件温和,细胞选择性高,递送蛋白效率提高,并保持了蛋白的生物活性,可进一步应用于疾病的精准治疗,在临床治疗方面具有应用价值。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料及其制备方法和其在细胞选择性递送蛋白中的应用,属于纳米材料递送药物技术领域。
(二)背景技术
蛋白质在生物体内扮演着重要的角色,从细胞的构成到新陈代谢、遗传和免疫应答等各种生理过程都与蛋白质有着密不可分的关系。细胞中蛋白质的异常表达、结构变化很可能导致细胞生理过程的紊乱,严重时会造成生理疾病。因此开发有效的蛋白质疗法治疗蛋白质功能异常引起的疾病刻不容缓。然而蛋白质的低细胞渗透性和其易于在溶酶体内降解限制了蛋白质医学疗法的应用。到目前为止,大多数蛋白质递送都是基于蛋白质和膜渗透标签融合来进行细胞递送。最近已经报道了基于脂质体、聚合物、纳米凝胶、无机纳米粒子和其他新颖载体的蛋白质递送,然而这些纳米载体的复杂的化学合成过程可能会影响蛋白质活性,低的蛋白质包封率也限制了蛋白递送平台普适性的发展。
金属-有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)是由有机配体和金属离子或团簇通过配位键自组装形成,具有分子内孔隙的有机-无机杂化材料。由于其多孔性及比表面积大、结构多样性和生物可降解性等特点,MOFs成为药物或者蛋白质封装和递送的有效平台之一。例如,用MOFs封装核酸或者蛋白质,由于其结构孔径的可调性和分子结构的刚性,很大程度上降低了有机溶剂、蛋白酶和高温对核酸和蛋白质的损害,防止其活性降低,增强了其稳定性。最近已经报道了沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8(ZIF-8)是高效包封蛋白质的优良载体,可以有效地递送蛋白质。另外在pH响应下,ZIF-8结构上的咪唑部分可以增强其溶酶体逃逸能力,大大促进了蛋白质的有效释放。然而,目前细胞选择性递送ZIF-8的策略还依旧缺乏,从而限制了该类材料的精准递送。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料及其制备方法与应用,在制备过程中掺杂带有降冰片烯结构的配体。该材料可以进一步通过点击化学反应,将带有四嗪基团的抗体连接到纳米材料表面上,最终获得了具有细胞选择性的抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N材料。通过实例验证了该材料能够递送多种蛋白,并利用递送蛋白的特性呈现具有细胞选择性的毒性或基因剪切功能。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供一种蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料,所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料以改性的沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8为母体,包封蛋白,形成蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料,以实现细胞内的蛋白质递送;所述改性的沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8是通过在沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8中掺杂改性剂制成;所述改性剂为咪唑类似物,所述沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8记为ZIF-8,所述改性的沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8记为ZIF-8N。
本发明所述咪唑类似物含有生物正交官能团,所述生物正交官能团包含四嗪、叠氮、降冰片烯,优选咪唑类似物包括咪唑-降冰片烯(NOR-MIM,式1):
本发明所述式1所示咪唑-降冰片烯按如下方法制备:将5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸,二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)溶于无水乙腈中,随后加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS),25℃反应6小时后,反应液离心(优选4000rpm,5min)除去白色沉淀后,上清液加入含有三乙胺和组胺二盐酸盐的乙腈水溶液的混合溶液中,室温搅拌反应过夜,反应液以二氯甲烷:甲醇=8:1(v/v)为展开剂进行薄层色谱分离,收集Rf值为0.3的样品,得到式1所示咪唑-降冰片烯;所述乙腈水溶液中乙腈与水体积比为1:1。所述5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸与DCC物质的量之比为1:1;所述5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺物质的量之比为1:1.1;所述5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸与三乙胺物质的量之比为1:3.5;所述5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸与组胺二盐酸盐物质的量之比为1:1;所述无水乙腈体积用量以5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸质量计为40L/g;所述混合溶液体积用量以5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸质量计为15L/g。
所述蛋白包括牛血清蛋白(BSA)、核糖核酸酶A(RNase A)或Cas9/sgRNA CRISPR系统,但不仅仅局限于以上三种蛋白。其中所述Cas9/sgRNA CRISPR系统中Cas9蛋白选用氮末端含有一段核定位序列,所述核定位序列可以靶向细胞核并进行基因编辑,优选为Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val,更优选Cas9通过质粒(pET-NLS-Cas9-6xHis,购于AddgeneCat:62934),参考以下文献表达蛋白(J.A.Zuris,D.B.Thompson,Y.Shu,J.P.Guilinger,J.L.Bessen,J.H.Hu,M.L.Maeder,J.K.Joung,Z.Y.Chen and D.R.Liu,Nat.Biotechnol.,2015,33,73-80.)制成,sgRNA以XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUU模板定制,其中20个X碱基根据目的基因和Cas9剪切选择性设计,优选靶向GPX4的sgRNA(CACGCCCGAUACGCUGAGUGGUUUUAGAGCUAGAA
AUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUU。
进一步,所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料按如下方法制备:在搅拌(优选390rpm)下,将蛋白添加到含有2-甲基咪唑和式1所示咪唑-降冰片烯的水溶液中,在30℃下搅拌10分钟;缓慢滴加硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液,并在30℃下搅拌1小时获得悬浊液,在6000rpm下离心10分钟,沉淀用去离子水洗涤3次,即得到所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料(优选以2mg/mL浓度保存在去离子水中)。所述咪唑-降冰片烯与2-甲基咪唑物质的量之比为1:99;所述咪唑-降冰片烯与硝酸锌六水合物水溶液中硝酸锌六水合物物质的量之比为1:1.4;所述含有2-甲基咪唑和式1所示咪唑-降冰片烯的水溶液中咪唑-降冰片烯浓度为0.035mol/L;所述硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液浓度为0.45mol/L;所述蛋白添加量以含有2-甲基咪唑和式1所示咪唑-降冰片烯的水溶液和硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液总体积计为0.5mg/mL。
本发明通过咪唑-降冰片烯掺杂沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8同时包裹蛋白,再在包裹蛋白后的母体表面偶联细胞靶向物质。利用NOR-MIM的降冰片烯基团和细胞靶向物质进行共价结合,达到细胞选择靶向性,从而特异性递送蛋白。所述细胞靶向性的物质以靶向细胞外膜上的过表达物质为靶点,所述细胞靶向物质包括抗体,优选以EGFR为靶点的西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab,Cet)。当所述细胞靶向物质为抗体时,制备得到抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料。
所述抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料按如下方法制备:将蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料加入去离子水,再缓慢加入抗体溶液,在4℃下持续搅拌孵育2小时,得到抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料。所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料加入去离子水的浓度为2mg/mL;所述抗体溶液中抗体与蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料质量比为1:80。
进一步,为了使抗体能够和蛋白@ZIF-8N共价结合从而达到更好的包裹,所述抗体利用式2所示化合物修饰(Tz-NHS,Du S,Wang D,Peng B,Lee JS,Ge J,YaoSQ.Chem.Commun.,2017,53,8443-8446.),所述式2所示化合物修饰抗体的制备方法为:将抗体加入缓冲液中,再加入式2所示化合物(Tz-NHS)的DMSO溶液,冰浴反应2小时,然后反应液加入微型离心柱(Spin Columns,7K MWCO,Cat 89882,Thermo ScientificTM),在1500G下离心2分钟,收集液体,得到修饰的抗体溶液。所述TZ-NHS与抗体的物质的量之比为50:1,所述Tz-NHS的DMSO溶液浓度为20mM;所述缓冲液为0.5M,pH值为8.0的碳酸氢钠缓冲液。
进一步,为了荧光显色,在式2所示化合物修饰抗体中引入Cy5荧光基团,制备方法如下:取抗体溶液,加入500mM的NaHCO3水溶液,再加入50mM Cy5-NHS的DMSO溶液和含20mM式2所示Tz-NHS的DMSO溶液,在4℃下反应3小时,反应结束后,加入0.1M PBS溶液,用微型离心柱(Spin Columns,7K MWCO,cat 89882,Thermo ScientificTM)离心(在1500G下离心2分钟),收集液体,即为Tz-NHS和Cy5荧光基团修饰的抗体;所述NaHCO3水溶液体积用量以抗体溶液中抗体含量计为800μL/mg;所述Cy5-NHS的DMSO溶液体积用量以抗体溶液中抗体含量计为10μL/mg;所述Tz-NHS的DMSO溶液体积用量以抗体溶液中抗体含量计为100μL/mg;所述抗体溶液浓度为5mg/mL;所述抗体溶液是用0.5M,pH值为8.0的碳酸氢钠缓冲液配制。
本发明所述修饰抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料按如下方法制备:将蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料加入去离子水,再缓慢加入修饰抗体溶液,在4℃下持续搅拌孵育2小时,得到修饰抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料。所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料加入去离子水的浓度为2mg/mL;所述抗体溶液中抗体与蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料质量比为1:80。所述修饰抗体溶液为式2所示化合物修饰抗体溶液或Tz-NHS和Cy5荧光基团修饰的抗体溶液。
本发明还提供一种所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料在细胞选择性递送蛋白中的应用。
本发明还提供一种所述抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料在EGFR过表达的细胞系中递送蛋白的应用。所述EGFR过表达的细胞系选择了人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果主要体现在:本发明以ZIF-8材料为母体,利用单体衍生物掺杂的方式包裹蛋白,通过点击化学手段,将抗体修饰在MOF材料表面。1)该材料制备方法简单,条件温和,细胞选择性高,递送蛋白效率提高,并保持了蛋白的生物活性,可进一步应用于疾病的精准治疗,在临床治疗方面具有应用价值。2)该材料的组装可任意改变装载蛋白和表面抗体,如实例中的BSA、RNase A和CRISPR/Cas9系统,材料具有普适性。3)该材料对pH敏感,在pH<7的条件下,锌离子与咪唑基团的离子键断开,将包裹蛋白的释放。5)因外表面的抗体特异性,该材料能够特异性靶向相应抗原过表达的细胞系,比如西妥昔单抗特异性靶向过表达EGFR的A431细胞系,从而更进一步达到精准治疗。
(四)附图说明
图1为抗体@CC@ZIF-8N纳米材料用于细胞选择性递送蛋白,并进行基因编辑的原理图。
图2为实施例1制备的化合物1的核磁氢谱图。
图3为实施例1制备的化合物1的核磁碳谱图。
图4为实施例3纳米材料的TEM表征图;a为BSA@ZIF-8N,b为Cet@BSA@ZIF-8N,c为IgG@BSA@ZIF-8N。
图5为FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料在不同pH下的体外释放图。
图6为Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料在不同pH下的体外释放图。
图7为不同浓度的纳米材料对人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431的细胞活度图。
图8为不同浓度的纳米材料对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的细胞活度图。
图9为IgG@FBSA@ZIF-8N和Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N在人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431中的荧光共聚焦显微镜成像图。BR表示明场下拍的细胞图;FITC表示在488nm激发,520nm发射下收集的荧光信号;Cy5表示在638nm激发,660nm发射下收集的荧光信号。
图10为IgG@FBSA@ZIF-8N和Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N在人宫颈癌细胞HeLa中的荧光共聚焦显微镜成像图。BR表示明场下拍的细胞图;FITC表示在488nm激发,520nm发射下收集的荧光信号;Cy5表示在638nm激发,660nm发射下收集的荧光信号。
图11为不同浓度的IgG@RNase@ZIF-8N和Cet@RNase@ZIF-8N对人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431的细胞活度图。
图12为不同浓度的IgG@RNase@ZIF-8N和Cet@RNase@ZIF-8N对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的细胞活度图。
图13为A431细胞中IgG@CC@ZIF-8N和Cet@CC@ZIF-8N对GPX4影响的蛋白质印迹图。
图14为HeLa细胞中IgG@CC@ZIF-8N和Cet@CC@ZIF-8N对GPX4影响的蛋白质印迹图。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径获得。以下实施例中的定量试验,均设置三次重复实验,结果取平均值。本发明所述室温为25-30℃。
实施例1、式1化合物的制备
在50mL的圆底烧瓶中,将5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸(200mg,1.45mmol)、二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,298.5mg,1.45mmol)溶于8mL无水乙腈(ACN)中,随后加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS,183.3mg,1.60mmol),25℃反应6小时后,将反应液4℃、4000rpm离心5min,移去白色沉淀后,加入含有三乙胺(513mg,5.08mmol)和组胺二盐酸盐(266mg,1.45mmol)的乙腈:水(体积比1:1)的3mL混合溶液,室温搅拌反应过夜,真空抽干溶剂,反应液以二氯甲烷:甲醇=8:1(v/v)为展开剂进行薄层色谱分离,收集Rf值为0.3的样品,得到目标化合物1(143mg,43%),即为咪唑-降冰片烯(NOR-MIM),核磁氢谱和碳谱见图2和图3。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.17(s,1H),7.91(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),6.82-6.80(m,1H),6.14-6.09(m,2H),3.31-3.22(m,2H),2.82(s,1H),2.75(s,1H),2.63(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.03-1.96(m,1H),1.76(dt,J=11.2,4.0Hz,1H),1.63(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),1.14(dd,J=11.6,7.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ174.99,164.01,138.19,136.73,134.97,117.33,47.34,46.10,43.49,41.43,39.17,30.23,27.15.ESI-MS:m/z[M+H]+calcd:231.14,found:231.10.
实施例2、FBSA的制备和抗体修饰的制备
1、FBSA的制备
利用异硫氰基荧光素(FITC)标记牛血清蛋白(BSA),得到FBSA,以实现细胞内的可视化观察,制备方法:称取20mg牛血清蛋白(BSA,购自Kehbio)溶于4mL的100mM NaHCO3水溶液中,随后加入溶于0.1mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的异硫氰基荧光素(FITC,1.2mg),在4℃下反应2小时,反应结束后,加入80μL 1M的水合肼水溶液终止反应。最后在0.1M的PBS缓冲液中用透析膜(MWCO 14kDa)透析以除去游离的FITC,取截留液,采用考马斯亮蓝法检测蛋白浓度,再用0.1M PBS缓冲液稀释得到浓度为4.5mg/mL FBSA溶液,并保存在4℃冰箱里。
2、Tz-NHS修饰抗体
将西妥昔单抗(Cet,商品名购自Merck)用0.5M pH8.0碳酸氢钠水溶液稀释至5mg/mL。取10μL,加入5μL的含20mM式2所示Tz-NHS的DMSO溶液,在冰浴上反应2小时,反应液经微型离心柱(Spin Columns,7K MWCO,Cat 89882,Thermo ScientificTM),在1500G下离心2分钟,取收集管中液体,采用考马斯亮蓝法检测蛋白浓度后用水稀释获得0.5mg/mL的修饰抗体Tz-Cet溶液。
将西妥昔单抗(Cet)替换为免疫球蛋白G(IgG,购自InvitrogenTM),其他操作相同,获得0.5mg/mL的修饰抗体Tz-IgG溶液。
3、Cy5标记和Tz-NHS修饰抗体的制备
(1)抗体蛋白Tz-Cy5-IgG
利用AmershamTM Quickstain试剂盒对抗体进行Cy5荧光基团标记,以实现细胞内的可视化观察,制备方法:取10μL 5mg/mL的IgG溶液(0.5M pH8.0碳酸氢钠缓冲液配制),加入40μL 500mM的NaHCO3水溶液,再加入0.5μL的Cy5-NHS(50mM,购自Amersham)的DMSO溶液和5μL含20mM式2所示Tz-NHS的DMSO溶液,在4℃下反应3小时,反应结束后,加入50μL的0.1MPBS溶液,随后用微型离心柱(Spin Columns,7K MWCO,cat 89882,Thermo ScientificTM),在1500G下离心2分钟,收集液体,即为抗体蛋白Tz-Cy5-IgG,采用考马斯亮蓝法检测蛋白浓度,再用0.1M PBS缓冲液稀释得到浓度为0.5mg/mL的抗体蛋白Tz-Cy5-IgG溶液,保存在4℃冰箱里。
(2)抗体蛋白Tz-Cy5-Cet
将步骤(1)中免疫球蛋白G(IgG,购自InvitrogenTM)溶液替换为等量的5mg/mL的西妥昔单抗(Cet,购自Merck)溶液,其他操作相同,获得浓度为0.5mg/mL抗体蛋白Tz-Cy5-Cet。
实施例3、蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料的制备
1、FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料
(1)ZIF-8N
在390rpm搅拌下,将0.45M硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液0.1mL(硝酸锌六水合物添加量0.045mmol)缓慢滴加进含3.46M的2-甲基咪唑(2-MIM,添加量3.12mmol)和35mM实施例1方法制备的NOR-MIM(NOR-MIM添加量0.031mmol)的0.9mL水溶液中,并在30℃下搅拌1小时,6000rpm下离心10分钟,沉淀用去离子水洗涤3次除去残留物后,再在40℃过夜烘干得到8mg固体(即为ZIF-8N纳米材料),用去离子水配制成2mg/mL的ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液4mL。
(2)FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料
在390rpm搅拌下,将0.11mL实施例2方法制备的4.5mg/mL FBSA溶液(FBSA添加量为0.5mg)添加到含3.46M的2-甲基咪唑(2-MIM,添加量3.12mmol)和35mM实施例1方法制备的NOR-MIM(NOR-MIM添加量0.031mmol)的0.9mL水溶液中,并在30℃下孵育10分钟,然后缓慢滴加0.45M硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液0.1mL(硝酸锌六水合物添加量0.045mmol),并在30℃下搅拌1小时,6000rpm下离心10分钟,沉淀用去离子水洗涤3次除去残留物后,再在40℃过夜烘干得到8mg固体(即为FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料),用去离子水配制成2mg/mL的FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液4mL。使用透射电子显微镜(TEM,HITACHI HT7700)来观察FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料尺寸和外形,结果见图4中a所示,得到了平均粒径62±2nm的FBSA@ZIF-8N,平均电位是18.3±0.3mV。
2、BSA@ZIF-8N
将步骤1中的FBSA替换成BSA,其他操作相同,即可获得2mg/mL的BSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液4mL。
3、RNase@ZIF-8N
将步骤1中的FBSA替换成RNase A(购自上海生工),并将使用的RNase A蛋白量改为0.05mg、含3.46M的2-甲基咪唑和35mM实施例1方法制备的NOR-MIM的水溶液体积改为0.09mL,0.45M硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液体积改为0.01mL,其他操作相同,即可获得2mg/mL的RNase@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液0.4mL。
4、CC@ZIF-8N
Cas9(pET-NLS-Cas9-6xHis,购买质粒Addgene Cat:62934,并参考以下文献表达蛋白J.A.Zuris,D.B.Thompson,Y.Shu,J.P.Guilinger,J.L.Bessen,J.H.Hu,M.L.Maeder,J.K.Joung,Z.Y.Chen and D.R.Liu,Nat.Biotechnol.,2015,33,73-80.)。选用了靶向GPX4的sgRNA(CACGCCCGAUACGCUGAGUGGUUUUAGAGCUAGAA
AUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCUUUU,订购于南京金斯瑞,参考文献:Hangauer MJ,Viswanathan VS,Ryan MJ,Bole D,Eaton JK,Matov A,Galeas J,Dhruv H,Berens ME,Schreiber SL,McCormic F,McManus MT.Nature,2017,551,247-250.)。
将Cas9与sgRNA按物质的量之比为1:1混合,获得Cas9/sgRNA。
将步骤1中的FBSA替换成Cas9/sgRNA,Cas9/sgRNA蛋白量改为0.05mg、含3.46M的2-甲基咪唑和35mM实施例1方法制备的NOR-MIM的水溶液体积改为0.09mL,0.45M硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液体积改为0.01mL,其他操作相同,即可获得2mg/mL的CC@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液0.4mL。
实施例4、抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料
1、Cet@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料
(1)Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料
为了在材料表面上连接功能性抗体,将实施例3步骤1制备的95μL 2mg/mL FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液,缓慢加入5μL 0.5mg/mL实施例2步骤3方法制备的修饰抗体Tz-Cy5-Cet溶液,在4℃持续搅拌下孵育2小时,得到100μL2mg/mLCet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液。该产物无需进一步处理即可直接用于细胞实验。使用透射电子显微镜(TEM,HITACHIHT7700)来观察Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料尺寸和外形,结果见图4中b所示,平均粒径62±4nm,平均电位是3.0±0.8mV。
(2)Cet@BSA@ZIF-8N
将步骤(1)中FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料替换成BSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料,Tz-Cy5-Cet替换成实施例2步骤2方法制备的Tz-Cet,其他操作相同,获得100μL 2mg/mL Cet@BSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液。
(3)Cet@RNase@ZIF-8N
将步骤(1)中FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料替换成实施例3方法制备的RNase@ZIF-8N纳米材料,Tz-Cy5-Cet替换成实施例2步骤2方法制备的Tz-Cet,其他操作相同,获得100μL 2mg/mL Cet@RNase@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液。
(4)Cet@CC@ZIF-8N
将步骤(1)中的FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料替换成实施例3方法制备的CC@ZIF-8N纳米材料,Tz-Cy5-Cet替换成实施例2步骤2方法制备的Tz-Cet,其他操作相同,获得100μL 2mg/mL Cet@CC@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液。
2、IgG@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料
(1)IgG@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料
将实施例3步骤1制备的95μL 2mg/mL FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液,缓慢加入5μL0.5mg/mL实施例2步骤3方法制备的修饰抗体Tz-Cy5-IgG溶液,在4℃持续搅拌下孵育2小时,获得100μL 2mg/mL IgG@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液。使用透射电子显微镜(TEM,HITACHI HT7700)来观察IgG@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料尺寸和外形,结果见图4中c所示,平均粒径88±5nm,平均电位是5.9±1.0mV。
(2)IgG@BSA@ZIF-8N
将步骤(1)中的FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料替换成实施例3方法制备的BSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料,Tz-Cy5-IgG替换成实施例2步骤2方法制备的Tz-IgG,其他操作相同,获得100μL 2mg/mL IgG@BSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液。
(3)IgG@RNase@ZIF-8N
将步骤(1)中的FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料替换成实施例3方法制备的RNase@ZIF-8N纳米材料,Tz-Cy5-IgG替换成实施例2步骤2方法制备的Tz-IgG,其他操作相同,获得100μL2mg/mL IgG@RNase@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液。
(4)IgG@CC@ZIF-8N
将步骤(1)中的FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料替换成实施例3方法制备的CC@ZIF-8N纳米材料,Tz-Cy5-IgG替换成实施例2步骤2方法制备的Tz-IgG,其他操作相同,获得100μL 2mg/mL IgG@CC@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液。
实施例5、纳米材料的体外释放实验
1、FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料的体外释放实验
取0.2mL实施例3方法制备的8mg/mL的FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液,分别加入到不同pH(5.0、6.0和7.4)的0.8mL PBS溶液(0.1M)中。在37℃下孵育,每隔1小时,取样,8000rpm离心5min,收集上清液,通过荧光光谱法(激发/发射波长:488nm/520nm)监测上清液和FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液中释放的FBSA蛋白的荧光强度,并通过以下公式(1)计算得到纳米材料的体外释放效率,结果见图5所示。结果发现,FBSA@ZIF-8N在pH 5.0和pH 6.0的酸性PBS溶液中随着时间的推移均快速降解释放出蛋白,且pH 5.0比pH 6.0蛋白释放的速率更快,而pH 7.4的中性PBS溶液中释放蛋白的信号相对较弱,说明FBSA@ZIF-8N是pH响应的,在酸性pH下,会释放出包裹的蛋白。
公式(1)
公式(1)中FBSA@ZIF-8N整体荧光强度是指实施例3方法制备的8mg/mL的FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液的荧光强度。
2、Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料的体外释放实验
取0.1mL实施例4方法制备的2mg/mL的Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液,分别加入到不同pH(5.0、6.0和7.4)的0.9mL PBS溶液(0.1M)中。在37℃下孵育,每隔1小时,取样,8000rpm离心5min,收集上清液,并通过荧光光谱法(激发/发射波长:488nm/520nm)监测上清液和Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料溶液中释放的FBSA蛋白的荧光强度,并通过公式(1)计算得到材料的体外释放效率,结果见图6所示,抗体包裹的纳米颗粒Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N在pH5.0和pH 6.0的酸性PBS溶液中随着时间的推移均快速降解,释放出蛋白,且pH 5.0比pH6.0蛋白释放的速率更快,而pH7.4的中性PBS溶液不能引起材料降解释放出蛋白,说明Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N也是酸性pH响应的,即在酸性pH下,会释放出包裹的蛋白,并且材料表面的抗体包裹不会影响材料的降解及包裹蛋白的释放。
实施例6、纳米材料的细胞毒性实验
本发明实施例3制备的纳米材料针对人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431和人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的细胞增值影响评价采用一种标准的CCK-8(2-(2-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-3-(4-硝基苯基)-5-(2,4-二磺酸苯)-2H-四唑单钠盐)方法。所用纳米材料均配制在无菌水中。CCK-8溶液(5mg/ml)购自于ApexBio Technolog。
1、人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431
实验组:将人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431用DMEM培养基制成100000/ml的悬液,悬液以100μL/孔接种于96孔板,37℃,5%CO2培养箱中孵育24小时。然后移去原有的培养基,分别加入含有不同终浓度(60,80,100μg/mL)BSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料的DMEM培养基100μL,每组3个平行组。将96孔板置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中孵育24个小时。孵育完毕后,加入10μL CCK-8溶液(5mg/ml),继续孵育2个小时。随后将96孔板置于振荡器摇晃至橙色溶液均匀,使用酶标仪测定各孔460nm处的吸光度,并通过以下公式(2)计算得到细胞活度。
对照组:以等量不含BSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料的DMEM培养基为对照组(即ZIF-8N)。
空白组:含有等量DMEM培养基,不加细胞和药物。
公式(2)
同样条件下,用ZIF-8N、Cet@BSA@ZIF-8N和IgG@BSA@ZIF-8N分别替换BSA@ZIF-8N。细胞活度见图7所示,在浓度为60,80,100μg/mL的ZIF-8N、BSA@ZIF-8N,Cet@BSA@ZIF-8N和IgG@BSA@ZIF-8N的影响下,A431细胞的存活度没有明显的降低,说明所合成的材料对生物的细胞毒性低,生物相容性高。
2、人宫颈癌细胞HeLa
将步骤1中人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431替换为人宫颈癌细胞HeLa,其他操作相同,结果见图8所示,在浓度为60,80,100μg/mL的ZIF-8N、BSA@ZIF-8N,Cet@BSA@ZIF-8N和IgG@BSA@ZIF-8N的影响下,HeLa细胞的存活度没有明显的降低,说明所合成的材料对生物的细胞毒性低,生物相容性高。
实施例7、纳米材料的细胞选择性实验
1、人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431
将人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431用DMEM培养基配制成50000/ml悬液。悬液分别以500μL/孔接种于4孔的生物玻璃成像皿中,37℃,5%CO2培养箱孵育24小时。然后移去原有的培养基,加入含有60μg/mL实施例4方法制备的Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料的DMEM培养基,将4孔的生物玻璃成像皿置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱孵育4小时。孵育完毕后,用PBS清洗三次,然后用共聚焦荧光显微镜进行生物成像,结果见图9所示,Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料在A431细胞中的荧光强度更高,说明含有Cet的FBSA@ZIF-8N可以更加快速靶向EGFR过表达的A431细胞,具有细胞选择性,从而实现更高效率的蛋白递送。
将Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N替换为IgG@FBSA@ZIF-8N,其他操作相同,结果见图9所示,IgG@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料在A431细胞中的荧光强度相对较低,说明含有IgG的FBSA@ZIF-8N没有靶向EGFR过表达的A431细胞的能力,不能提高蛋白递送效率。
2、人宫颈癌细胞HeLa
将步骤1中人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431替换为人宫颈癌细胞HeLa,其他操作相同,结果见图10所示,IgG@FBSA@ZIF-8N和Cet@FBSA@ZIF-8N纳米材料在HeLa细胞中的荧光强度相对较低,说明含有IgG和Cet的FBSA@ZIF-8N不能特异性靶向EGFR低表达的HeLa细胞,不能提高蛋白递送效率。
实施例8、纳米材料的RNase A的选择性递送
根据实施例4方法制备的IgG@RNase@ZIF-8N和Cet@RNase@ZIF-8,对人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431和人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的细胞增值影响评价采用一种标准的CCK-8(2-(2-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)-3-(4-硝基苯基)-5-(2,4-二磺酸苯)-2H-四唑单钠盐)方法。CCK-8溶液购自于ApexBio Technolog。
1、人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431
将人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431用DMEM培养基配制成100000/ml悬液。将悬液以100μL/孔的量接种于96孔板,37℃,5%CO2培养箱孵育24小时。然后移去原有的培养基,分别以100μL/孔的量加入含实施例3方法制备的不同浓度(60,80,100μg/mL)RNase@ZIF-8N纳米材料的DMEM培养基,以100μL/孔的DMEM培养基为对照组,每组3个平行组。将96孔板置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱孵育24个小时后,加入10μL CCK-8试剂(5mg/ml),继续孵育2小时。随后将96孔板置于振荡器摇晃至橙色溶液均匀,然后使用酶标仪测量460nm处的吸光度。同实施例6方法利用对照孔计算增值率,最后不同浓度下拟合计算得到不同样品的细胞活度。
同样条件下,将RNase@ZIF-8N纳米材料分别替换为实施例4方法制备的IgG@RNase@ZIF-8N和Cet@RNase@ZIF-8N,结果如图11所示,在加入Cet@RNase@ZIF-8N的不同浓度的组中,A431细胞的存活度相对于IgG@RNase@ZIF-8N与RNase@ZIF-8N更低,说明含有Cet的RNase@ZIF-8N能够特异性靶向EGFR过表达的A431细胞,以更高效率将RNase A递送进入细胞,发挥RNase A的功效,而IgG@RNase@ZIF-8N的递送蛋白效率相对于Cet@RNase@ZIF-8N更低。
2、人宫颈癌细胞HeLa
将步骤1中人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431替换为人宫颈癌细胞HeLa,其他操作相同,结果如图12所示,IgG@RNase@ZIF-8N和Cet@RNase@ZIF-8N纳米材料对HeLa细胞的存活度的影响差异不大,说明含有IgG和Cet的RNase@ZIF-8N不能特异性靶向EGFR低表达的HeLa细胞,不能提高蛋白递送效率。
实施例9、纳米材料的Cas9/sgRNA的选择性递送及蛋白质印迹检测
1、人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431
将人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431以200000细胞/孔的量接种于含有1mL DMEM培养基的12孔板中,并置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中过夜使细胞贴壁。然后移去原有的培养基,分别加入含60μg/mL实施例3方法制备的CC@ZIF-8N纳米材料的DMEM培养基,以不添加纳米材料的等量DMEM培养基为对照。37℃,5%CO2培养箱孵育24小时后,将细胞用4℃冷PBS洗涤两次后,加入40μL含0.2%聚乙二醇单辛基苯基醚(Triton-X)和100μM苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)的PBS,再加入10μL 5×SDS上样缓冲液,在95℃下加热10分钟后,将样品通过15%SDS-PAGE分离并转移至聚偏二氟乙烯膜(PVDF膜)。在室温下用3%脱脂牛奶(在TBST缓冲液中)封闭膜1小时,分别加入5mL稀释后的抗GPX4(初始浓度0.2mg/mL,#ab125066,Abcam,用含3%BSA的TBST缓冲液稀释,1:7500稀释度)和5mL稀释后的HRP偶联的小鼠抗肌动蛋白抗体(初始浓度0.2mg/mL,#D190826,BBI,用含3%BSA的TBST缓冲液稀释,1:7500稀释度),在4℃下孵育过夜,然后分别加入5mL稀释后的HRP偶联的山羊抗兔IgG(初始浓度0.2mg/mL,#31460,Invitrogen,用含3%BSA的TBST缓冲液稀释,1:7500稀释度),在室温下孵育1小时,用Invitrogen iBright1500记录蛋白印迹。
同样条件下CC@ZIF-8N分别替换为Cet@CC@ZIF-8N和IgG@CC@ZIF-8N,结果如图13所示,Cet@CC@ZIF-8N与CC@ZIF-8N,IgG@CC@ZIF-8N相比,能够以更高效率将Cas9/sgRNA系统递送进EGFR过表达的A431细胞中,从而快速发挥Cas9/sgRNA系统基因编辑的作用,从而敲低GPX4蛋白的表达水平。
2、人宫颈癌细胞HeLa
将步骤1中人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431替换为人宫颈癌细胞HeLa,其他操作相同,结果如图14所示,IgG@CC@ZIF-8N,Cet@CC@ZIF-8N和CC@ZIF-8N材料对HeLa细胞的GPX4表达水平影响不大,说明含有IgG和Cet的Cas9/sgRNA不能特异性靶向EGFR低表达的HeLa细胞,不能提高蛋白递送效率。这两组实验也验证了Cet@CC@ZIF-8N对A431细胞具有很好的选择性。
Claims (10)
1.一种蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料,其特征在于所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料以改性的沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8为母体,包封蛋白,形成蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料;所述改性的沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8是通过在沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8中掺杂改性剂制成,所述改性剂为咪唑类似物;所述沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8记为ZIF-8,所述改性的沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8记为ZIF-8N。
3.如权利要求2所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料,其特征在于所述咪唑-降冰片烯按如下方法制备:将5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸,二环己基碳二亚胺溶于无水乙腈中,随后加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺,25℃反应6小时后,反应液离心,上清液加入含有三乙胺和组胺二盐酸盐的乙腈水溶液的混合溶液中,室温搅拌反应过夜,反应液以体积比8:1的二氯甲烷:甲醇为展开剂进行薄层色谱分离,收集Rf值为0.3的样品,得到式1所示咪唑-降冰片烯;所述乙腈水溶液中乙腈与水体积比为1:1;所述5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸与二环己基碳二亚胺物质的量之比为1:1;所述5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺物质的量之比为1:1.1;所述5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸与三乙胺物质的量之比为1:3.5;所述5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸与组胺二盐酸盐物质的量之比为1:1;所述无水乙腈体积用量以5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸质量计为40L/g;所述混合溶液体积用量以5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸质量计为15L/g。
4.如权利要求1所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料,其特征在于所述蛋白包括牛血清蛋白、核糖核酸酶A或Cas9/sgRNA CRISPR系统。
5.如权利要求1所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料,其特征在于所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料按如下方法制备:在搅拌下,将蛋白添加到含有2-甲基咪唑和式1所示咪唑-降冰片烯的水溶液中,在30℃下搅拌10分钟;缓慢滴加硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液,并在30℃下搅拌1小时获得悬浊液,在6000rpm下离心10分钟,沉淀用去离子水洗涤3次,即得到所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料;所述咪唑-降冰片烯与2-甲基咪唑物质的量之比为1:99;所述咪唑-降冰片烯与硝酸锌六水合物水溶液中硝酸锌六水合物物质的量之比为1:1.4;所述含有2-甲基咪唑和式1所示咪唑-降冰片烯的水溶液中咪唑-降冰片烯浓度为0.035mol/L;所述硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液浓度为0.45mol/L;所述蛋白添加量以含有2-甲基咪唑和式1所示咪唑-降冰片烯的水溶液和硝酸锌六水合物的水溶液总体积计为0.5mg/mL。
6.如权利要求1所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料,其特征在于所述改性的沸石咪唑酸酯骨架8在包封蛋白后的表面还偶联有细胞靶向性的物质;所述细胞靶向性的物质以靶向细胞外膜上的过表达物质为靶点,包括抗体。
7.如权利要求6所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料,其特征在于所述细胞靶向性的物质为抗体时,所述抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料按如下方法制备:将蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料加入去离子水,再缓慢加入抗体溶液,在4℃下持续搅拌孵育2小时,得到抗体@蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料;所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料加入去离子水的浓度为2mg/mL;所述抗体溶液中抗体与蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料质量比为1:80。
9.一种权利要求1所述蛋白@ZIF-8N纳米材料在细胞选择性递送蛋白中的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于所述细胞包括人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431。
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