CN112921209A - Ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrahigh heat-conduction high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.5% of Cu, 1.0-2.5% of Fe, 0.03-0.15% of Mg, 0.05-0.5% of Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; and the total amount of inevitable impurity elements is lower than 0.2%, and the mass ratio of Fe to Cu in the aluminum alloy is (1-4): 1. the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy in an as-cast state is 204-217W/(m.K), the tensile strength is 166-227 MPa, the yield strength is 100-121 MPa, and the elongation is 18-29%; the aluminum alloy of the invention has high heat conductivity coefficient, good mechanical property and excellent casting property, is an ideal material for preparing castings with higher requirements on heat conductivity, is suitable for production by adopting processes of die casting, semi-solid rheoforming, liquid die forging and the like, and has wide application fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of national key industries such as 5G communication, new energy automobiles and the like, structural members of the automobile are developed in the directions of integration and thinning, the running power density and the heat productivity of equipment are higher and higher, and a serious challenge is brought to the heat dissipation of a system and the equipment. The causes of failure of electronic and communication products are reported to be mostly caused by overheating and heat-related problems. Because of its characteristics of light weight, corrosion resistance, excellent heat conductivity and the like, aluminum alloy is widely used for parts with higher requirements on heat conductivity, such as a housing of a chassis and a filter for a 5G base station, a housing of an electric control system for a new energy automobile, a housing of a power converter, a housing of an end cover and the like. Casting is the most common production method of aluminum alloy products, such as die casting, semi-solid forming and extrusion casting, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, capability of forming thin-wall parts with complex structures and the like. The Al-Si series is the most commonly used cast aluminum alloy at present, and accounts for more than 85 percent of the total yield of the existing cast aluminum alloy. The Al-Si cast aluminum alloy usually contains more than 6.5 wt.% of Si and has excellent casting fluidity, but the heat conductivity of the alloy is seriously reduced by introducing a large amount of Si and adding a large amount of strengthening elements such as Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn and the like, and the heat conductivity coefficient is usually lower than 145W/(m.K). Although a great deal of microalloying research is carried out on the basis of Al-Si series alloy at home and abroad, and the heat conductivity of the alloy is hopefully enhanced, at present, the heat conductivity coefficient of the Al-Si series alloy is generally less than 185W/(m.K) on the premise of ensuring that the aluminum alloy has excellent casting performance and fluidity, and the value is usually obtained after the alloy is strengthened by heat treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects, the invention provides the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength and the preparation method thereof, so as to meet the heat dissipation requirements of components such as 5G communication, new energy automobiles and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.5% of Cu0.0-2.5% of Fe, 0.03-0.15% of Mg, 0.05-0.5% of Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than 0.2%.
Further, the mass ratio of Fe to Cu in the aluminum alloy is (1-4): 1.
further, the aluminum alloy further comprises the following components: 0-0.09% of Ni, 0-0.09% of Ti, 0-0.09% of Zn and 0-0.09% of Mn;
and the mass percentage of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.1-0.5%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above aluminum alloy with ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1) weighing each raw material according to the design components, preheating the smelting furnace to a certain temperature, adding each raw material into the smelting furnace respectively, and continuously stirring to obtain a melt;
s2) introducing inert gas into the melt or adding a refining agent into the melt to carry out degassing refining, standing for a period of time and then slagging off;
s3) pouring the melt subjected to the slag skimming in the step S2) into a mold, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength.
Further, the preheating temperature of the smelting furnace in the S1) is 710-740 ℃, and the stirring time is 5-20 minutes;
the adding sequence of the raw materials is as follows: adding an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, and sequentially adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, pure Zn and pure Mg after the aluminum ingot is dissolved.
Further, the Cu and the Fe are added in the form of pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof.
Further, the standing time in the step S2) is 10-30 min.
Further, the obtained ultrahigh-thermal-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy has the thermal conductivity of 204-217W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 176-227 MPa, the yield strength of 100-121 MPa and the elongation of 18-29%.
Further, suitable processing/forming processes for the resulting ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity, medium strength aluminum alloy include, but are not limited to, die casting, squeeze casting, semi-solid rheoforming, and low pressure casting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the technical scheme, the heat conductivity of the alloy is seriously weakened, the reasonable design of Fe and Cu which are main alloying elements can well maintain the high heat conductivity of the aluminum, and meanwhile, the trace reasonable addition of Mg, Si, Ni, Mn and Zn can well improve the toughness of the alloy, enhance the casting and flowing properties of the alloy, greatly reduce the hot cracking tendency of the casting of the alloy, improve the heat conductivity and mechanical properties of the casting and improve the yield of the casting at the same time without reducing the heat conductivity of the alloy.
The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy has the advantages of high thermal conductivity coefficient of more than 200W/(m.K), good strength and plasticity matching, equivalent casting flow and filling capacity to that of the conventional hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy, controllable semi-solid temperature range (20-31 ℃), and suitability for producing large-size, thin and complex functional structural parts with high requirements on thermal conductivity by adopting die casting, liquid die forging or semi-solid rheoforming processes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the microstructure of the ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength aluminum alloy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described by the following examples, which belong to the scope of the present invention, but do not limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.5% of Cu, 1.0-2.5% of Fe, 0.03-0.15% of Mg, 0.05-0.5% of Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than 0.2%.
The mass ratio of Fe to Cu in the aluminum alloy is (1-4): 1.
the aluminum alloy further comprises the following components: 0-0.09% of Ni, 0-0.09% of Ti, 0-0.09% of Zn and 0-0.09% of Mn;
and the mass percentage of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.1-0.5%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above aluminum alloy with ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1) weighing each raw material according to the design components, preheating the smelting furnace to a certain temperature, adding each raw material into the smelting furnace respectively, and continuously stirring to obtain a melt;
s2) introducing inert gas into the melt or adding a refining agent into the melt to carry out degassing refining, standing for a period of time and then slagging off;
s3) pouring the melt subjected to the slag skimming in the step S2) into a mold, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength.
The preheating temperature of the smelting furnace in the S1) is 710-740 ℃, and the stirring time is 5-20 minutes;
the adding sequence of the raw materials is as follows: adding an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, and sequentially adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, pure Zn and pure Mg after the aluminum ingot is dissolved.
The Cu and the Fe are added in the form of pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof.
The standing time in the S2) is 10-30 min.
The obtained ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy has the heat conductivity coefficient of 204-217W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 176-227 MPa, the yield strength of 100-121 MPa and the elongation of 18-29%, and is shown in figure 2.
Further, suitable processing/forming processes for the resulting ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity, medium strength aluminum alloy include, but are not limited to, die casting, squeeze casting, semi-solid rheoforming, and low pressure casting.
Example 1:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.1% of Si, 0.01% of Ni, 0.002% of Ti, 0.01% of Zn, 0.01% of Mn and 1.5% of Fe/Cu by mass, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.13%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.14%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 6 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve each alloy element in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the heat conductivity coefficient of 213W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 191MPa, the yield strength of 110MPa and the elongation of 24%.
Example 2:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.5% of Cu, 2.0% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.15% of Si, 0.002% of Ti, 0.03% of Zn, 0.02% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 1.3, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.2%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 204W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 207MPa, the yield strength of 113MPa and the elongation of 21%.
Example 3:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.6% of Cu, 2.4% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.2% of Si, 0.02% of Ni, 0.02% of Zn, 0.02% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 4, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.26%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 740 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 206W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 184MPa, the yield strength of 104MPa and the elongation of 18%.
Example 4:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.8% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.25% of Si, the mass ratio of Fe to Cu is 1.8, the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.25%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.15%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon and pure Mg according to the design components after the Cu and Fe pure metals or the intermediate alloys are dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve alloy elements in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 15min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 205W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 203MPa, the yield strength of 113MPa and the elongation of 26%.
Example 5:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.6% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.15% of Si, 0.05% of Zn and 0.01% of Ti, wherein the mass ratio of Fe to Cu is 1.6, the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.2%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.14%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 730 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve all alloy elements in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 15min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 213W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 183MPa, the yield strength of 103MPa and the elongation of 27%.
Example 6:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.7% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe, 0.06% of Mg, 0.1% of Si, 0.01% of Ni, 0.04% of Zn, 0.01% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 2.1, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.16%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.15%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 730 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent into the melt, stirring for 5 minutes, standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 215W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 191MPa, the yield strength of 106MPa and the elongation of 27%.
Example 7:
the ultrahigh-thermal-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.4% of Si, 0.05% of Ni, 0.01% of Ti, 0.02% of Zn, 0.02% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 1.5, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.5%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.17%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 740 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 8 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve each alloy element in the melt;
(2) refining: adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent into the melt, stirring for 6 minutes, standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 202W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 225MPa, the yield strength of 120MPa and the elongation of 18%.
Comparative example 1:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe and 0.05% of Mg, wherein the mass ratio of Fe to Cu is 1.5, the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.13%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding pure Mg according to the design components after the Cu and Fe pure metals or the intermediate alloys are dissolved, and stirring for 6 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve all alloy elements in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 204W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 157MPa, the yield strength of 97MPa and the elongation of 18%.
Comparative example 2:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.5% of Cu, 1.0% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.15% of Si, 0.002% of Ti, 0.03% of Zn, 0.02% of Mn and 0.7% of Fe/Cu mass ratio, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.2%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 194W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 186MPa, the yield strength of 104MPa and the elongation of 17%.
Comparative example 3:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.6% of Cu, 2.4% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.4% of Si, 0.1% of Ni, 0.1% of Zn, 0.1% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 4, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.7%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.19%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 740 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 183W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 211MPa, the yield strength of 114MPa and the elongation of 13%.
Comparative example 4:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.7% of Cu, 3.5% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.15% of Si, 0.05% of Zn, 0.01% of Ti and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 5, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.2%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.14%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 730 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve all alloy elements in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 15min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 192W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 181MPa, the yield strength of 105MPa and the elongation of 11%.
Comparative example 5:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.7% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe, 0.1 wt% of Si, 0.01% of Ni, 0.07% of Zn, 0.01% of Mn and a mass ratio of Fe/Cu of 2.1, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.19%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 730 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys and pure Zn according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent into the melt, stirring for 5 minutes, standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 206W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 177MPa, the yield strength of 97MPa and the elongation of 23%.
Comparative example 6:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 0.8% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.5% of Si, 0.1% of Ni, 0.05% of Ti, 0.05% of Zn, 0.05% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 0.8, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.75%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 740 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 8 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve each alloy element in the melt;
(2) refining: adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent into the melt, stirring for 6 minutes, standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 185W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 207MPa, the yield strength of 114MPa and the elongation of 16%.
The aluminum alloys with ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength prepared in the examples 1 to 7, the aluminum alloys prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 6 and the conventional cast aluminum alloys A356, ADC12 and A380 in the comparative examples 7 to 9 are compared, and the thermal conductivity and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys are respectively measured, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the aluminum alloys of comparative examples 1 to 9, the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the invention has high thermal conductivity, excellent casting performance and flow ability, and good matching of toughness and toughness, so that the aluminum alloy with thermal conductivity coefficient of more than 200W/(m.K) of the invention has wide application range and good economic benefit.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.5% of Cu, 1.0-2.5% of Fe, 0.03-0.15% of Mg, 0.05-0.5% of Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than 0.2%.
2. The ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the composition of the aluminum alloy further comprises: 0-0.09% of Ni, 0-0.09% of Ti, 0-0.09% of Zn and 0-0.09% of Mn;
and the mass percentage of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.1-0.5%.
3. The aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of Fe to Cu in the aluminum alloy is (1-4): 1.
4. a method for preparing the ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1) weighing each raw material according to the design components, preheating the smelting furnace to a certain temperature, adding each raw material into the smelting furnace respectively, and continuously stirring to obtain an alloy melt;
s2) introducing inert gas into the alloy melt or adding a refining agent into the melt to carry out degassing refining, standing for a period of time and then slagging off;
s3) pouring the melt subjected to the slag skimming in the step S2) into a mold, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preheating temperature of the smelting furnace in S1) is 710 ℃ and 740 ℃, and the stirring time is 5-20 minutes;
the adding sequence of the raw materials is as follows: adding an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, and sequentially adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, pure Zn and pure Mg after the aluminum ingot is dissolved.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the Cu and Fe are added as pure metals or as master alloys thereof.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the standing time in S2) is 10-30 min.
8. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the obtained ultrahigh-thermal-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy has a thermal conductivity of 204-217W/(m.K), a tensile strength of 176-227 MPa, a yield strength of 100-121 MPa and an elongation of 18-29%.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity, medium strength aluminum alloy is suitable for processing/forming processes including, but not limited to, die casting, squeeze casting, semi-solid rheoforming, or low pressure casting.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114150194A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 苏州久越金属科技有限公司 | High-thermal-conductivity modified aluminum alloy material, preparation method and 5G communication equipment cavity |
| CN115305396A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-08 | 北京科技大学 | Low-alloy medium-high-strength magnesium alloy bar and preparation method thereof |
| CN116312900A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-06-23 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Hypoeutectic aluminum alloy melt manufacturability evaluation method |
| CN118460889A (en) * | 2024-07-09 | 2024-08-09 | 广州致远新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-iron-copper high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy material |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114150194A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 苏州久越金属科技有限公司 | High-thermal-conductivity modified aluminum alloy material, preparation method and 5G communication equipment cavity |
| CN115305396A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-08 | 北京科技大学 | Low-alloy medium-high-strength magnesium alloy bar and preparation method thereof |
| CN116312900A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-06-23 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Hypoeutectic aluminum alloy melt manufacturability evaluation method |
| CN116312900B (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-07-28 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Hypoeutectic aluminum alloy melt manufacturability evaluation method |
| CN118460889A (en) * | 2024-07-09 | 2024-08-09 | 广州致远新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum-iron-copper high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy material |
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