CN112921209A - Ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018507 Al—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009716 squeeze casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超高导热高塑性中等强度铝合金及其制备方法，所述铝合金各个成分的质量百分数为：Cu 0.5～1.5％，Fe 1.0～2.5％，Mg 0.03～0.15％，Si 0.05～0.5％，其余为Al和不可避免的杂质；且不可避免杂质元素总量低于0.2％，铝合金中Fe/Cu质量比为(1～4)：1。铝合金在铸态时导热系数204～217W/(m.K)，抗拉强度166～227MPa，屈服强度100～121MPa，伸长率18～29％；本发明铝合金导热系数高、力学性能好、铸造性能优异，是制备对导热性能有较高要求铸件的理想材料，且适合于采用压铸、半固态流变成形、液态模锻等工艺进行生产，具有广阔应用领域。
The invention discloses a medium-strength aluminum alloy with ultra-high thermal conductivity and high plasticity and a preparation method thereof. The mass percentage of each component of the aluminum alloy is: Cu 0.5-1.5%, Fe 1.0-2.5%, Mg 0.03-0.15%, Si 0.05-0.5%, the rest are Al and inevitable impurities; and the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements is less than 0.2%, and the Fe/Cu mass ratio in the aluminum alloy is (1-4):1. The thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy in the as-cast state is 204-217W/(mK), the tensile strength is 166-227MPa, the yield strength is 100-121MPa, and the elongation is 18-29%; It has excellent performance and is an ideal material for preparing castings with high thermal conductivity requirements, and is suitable for production by die casting, semi-solid rheological forming, liquid die forging and other processes, and has a wide range of applications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of national key industries such as 5G communication, new energy automobiles and the like, structural members of the automobile are developed in the directions of integration and thinning, the running power density and the heat productivity of equipment are higher and higher, and a serious challenge is brought to the heat dissipation of a system and the equipment. The causes of failure of electronic and communication products are reported to be mostly caused by overheating and heat-related problems. Because of its characteristics of light weight, corrosion resistance, excellent heat conductivity and the like, aluminum alloy is widely used for parts with higher requirements on heat conductivity, such as a housing of a chassis and a filter for a 5G base station, a housing of an electric control system for a new energy automobile, a housing of a power converter, a housing of an end cover and the like. Casting is the most common production method of aluminum alloy products, such as die casting, semi-solid forming and extrusion casting, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, capability of forming thin-wall parts with complex structures and the like. The Al-Si series is the most commonly used cast aluminum alloy at present, and accounts for more than 85 percent of the total yield of the existing cast aluminum alloy. The Al-Si cast aluminum alloy usually contains more than 6.5 wt.% of Si and has excellent casting fluidity, but the heat conductivity of the alloy is seriously reduced by introducing a large amount of Si and adding a large amount of strengthening elements such as Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn and the like, and the heat conductivity coefficient is usually lower than 145W/(m.K). Although a great deal of microalloying research is carried out on the basis of Al-Si series alloy at home and abroad, and the heat conductivity of the alloy is hopefully enhanced, at present, the heat conductivity coefficient of the Al-Si series alloy is generally less than 185W/(m.K) on the premise of ensuring that the aluminum alloy has excellent casting performance and fluidity, and the value is usually obtained after the alloy is strengthened by heat treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects, the invention provides the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength and the preparation method thereof, so as to meet the heat dissipation requirements of components such as 5G communication, new energy automobiles and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.5% of Cu0.0-2.5% of Fe, 0.03-0.15% of Mg, 0.05-0.5% of Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than 0.2%.
Further, the mass ratio of Fe to Cu in the aluminum alloy is (1-4): 1.
further, the aluminum alloy further comprises the following components: 0-0.09% of Ni, 0-0.09% of Ti, 0-0.09% of Zn and 0-0.09% of Mn;
and the mass percentage of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.1-0.5%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above aluminum alloy with ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1) weighing each raw material according to the design components, preheating the smelting furnace to a certain temperature, adding each raw material into the smelting furnace respectively, and continuously stirring to obtain a melt;
s2) introducing inert gas into the melt or adding a refining agent into the melt to carry out degassing refining, standing for a period of time and then slagging off;
s3) pouring the melt subjected to the slag skimming in the step S2) into a mold, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength.
Further, the preheating temperature of the smelting furnace in the S1) is 710-740 ℃, and the stirring time is 5-20 minutes;
the adding sequence of the raw materials is as follows: adding an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, and sequentially adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, pure Zn and pure Mg after the aluminum ingot is dissolved.
Further, the Cu and the Fe are added in the form of pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof.
Further, the standing time in the step S2) is 10-30 min.
Further, the obtained ultrahigh-thermal-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy has the thermal conductivity of 204-217W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 176-227 MPa, the yield strength of 100-121 MPa and the elongation of 18-29%.
Further, suitable processing/forming processes for the resulting ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity, medium strength aluminum alloy include, but are not limited to, die casting, squeeze casting, semi-solid rheoforming, and low pressure casting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the technical scheme, the heat conductivity of the alloy is seriously weakened, the reasonable design of Fe and Cu which are main alloying elements can well maintain the high heat conductivity of the aluminum, and meanwhile, the trace reasonable addition of Mg, Si, Ni, Mn and Zn can well improve the toughness of the alloy, enhance the casting and flowing properties of the alloy, greatly reduce the hot cracking tendency of the casting of the alloy, improve the heat conductivity and mechanical properties of the casting and improve the yield of the casting at the same time without reducing the heat conductivity of the alloy.
The high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy has the advantages of high thermal conductivity coefficient of more than 200W/(m.K), good strength and plasticity matching, equivalent casting flow and filling capacity to that of the conventional hypoeutectic Al-8Si alloy, controllable semi-solid temperature range (20-31 ℃), and suitability for producing large-size, thin and complex functional structural parts with high requirements on thermal conductivity by adopting die casting, liquid die forging or semi-solid rheoforming processes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the microstructure of the ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength aluminum alloy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described by the following examples, which belong to the scope of the present invention, but do not limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.5% of Cu, 1.0-2.5% of Fe, 0.03-0.15% of Mg, 0.05-0.5% of Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than 0.2%.
The mass ratio of Fe to Cu in the aluminum alloy is (1-4): 1.
the aluminum alloy further comprises the following components: 0-0.09% of Ni, 0-0.09% of Ti, 0-0.09% of Zn and 0-0.09% of Mn;
and the mass percentage of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.1-0.5%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above aluminum alloy with ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1) weighing each raw material according to the design components, preheating the smelting furnace to a certain temperature, adding each raw material into the smelting furnace respectively, and continuously stirring to obtain a melt;
s2) introducing inert gas into the melt or adding a refining agent into the melt to carry out degassing refining, standing for a period of time and then slagging off;
s3) pouring the melt subjected to the slag skimming in the step S2) into a mold, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength.
The preheating temperature of the smelting furnace in the S1) is 710-740 ℃, and the stirring time is 5-20 minutes;
the adding sequence of the raw materials is as follows: adding an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, and sequentially adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, pure Zn and pure Mg after the aluminum ingot is dissolved.
The Cu and the Fe are added in the form of pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof.
The standing time in the S2) is 10-30 min.
The obtained ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy has the heat conductivity coefficient of 204-217W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 176-227 MPa, the yield strength of 100-121 MPa and the elongation of 18-29%, and is shown in figure 2.
Further, suitable processing/forming processes for the resulting ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity, medium strength aluminum alloy include, but are not limited to, die casting, squeeze casting, semi-solid rheoforming, and low pressure casting.
Example 1:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.1% of Si, 0.01% of Ni, 0.002% of Ti, 0.01% of Zn, 0.01% of Mn and 1.5% of Fe/Cu by mass, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.13%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.14%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 6 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve each alloy element in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the heat conductivity coefficient of 213W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 191MPa, the yield strength of 110MPa and the elongation of 24%.
Example 2:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.5% of Cu, 2.0% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.15% of Si, 0.002% of Ti, 0.03% of Zn, 0.02% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 1.3, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.2%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 204W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 207MPa, the yield strength of 113MPa and the elongation of 21%.
Example 3:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.6% of Cu, 2.4% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.2% of Si, 0.02% of Ni, 0.02% of Zn, 0.02% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 4, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.26%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 740 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 206W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 184MPa, the yield strength of 104MPa and the elongation of 18%.
Example 4:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.8% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.25% of Si, the mass ratio of Fe to Cu is 1.8, the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.25%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.15%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon and pure Mg according to the design components after the Cu and Fe pure metals or the intermediate alloys are dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve alloy elements in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 15min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 205W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 203MPa, the yield strength of 113MPa and the elongation of 26%.
Example 5:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.6% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.15% of Si, 0.05% of Zn and 0.01% of Ti, wherein the mass ratio of Fe to Cu is 1.6, the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.2%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.14%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 730 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve all alloy elements in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 15min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 213W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 183MPa, the yield strength of 103MPa and the elongation of 27%.
Example 6:
the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.7% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe, 0.06% of Mg, 0.1% of Si, 0.01% of Ni, 0.04% of Zn, 0.01% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 2.1, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.16%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.15%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 730 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent into the melt, stirring for 5 minutes, standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 215W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 191MPa, the yield strength of 106MPa and the elongation of 27%.
Example 7:
the ultrahigh-thermal-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.4% of Si, 0.05% of Ni, 0.01% of Ti, 0.02% of Zn, 0.02% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 1.5, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.5%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.17%;
the invention provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 740 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 8 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve each alloy element in the melt;
(2) refining: adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent into the melt, stirring for 6 minutes, standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 202W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 225MPa, the yield strength of 120MPa and the elongation of 18%.
Comparative example 1:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe and 0.05% of Mg, wherein the mass ratio of Fe to Cu is 1.5, the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.13%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding pure Mg according to the design components after the Cu and Fe pure metals or the intermediate alloys are dissolved, and stirring for 6 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve all alloy elements in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 204W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 157MPa, the yield strength of 97MPa and the elongation of 18%.
Comparative example 2:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.5% of Cu, 1.0% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.15% of Si, 0.002% of Ti, 0.03% of Zn, 0.02% of Mn and 0.7% of Fe/Cu mass ratio, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.2%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 194W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 186MPa, the yield strength of 104MPa and the elongation of 17%.
Comparative example 3:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.6% of Cu, 2.4% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.4% of Si, 0.1% of Ni, 0.1% of Zn, 0.1% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 4, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.7%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.19%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 740 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 10min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 183W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 211MPa, the yield strength of 114MPa and the elongation of 13%.
Comparative example 4:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.7% of Cu, 3.5% of Fe, 0.05% of Mg, 0.15% of Si, 0.05% of Zn, 0.01% of Ti and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 5, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.2%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.14%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 730 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve all alloy elements in the melt;
(2) refining: introducing high-purity argon gas into the melt to perform degassing refining, standing for 15min, and slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 192W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 181MPa, the yield strength of 105MPa and the elongation of 11%.
Comparative example 5:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 0.7% of Cu, 1.5% of Fe, 0.1 wt% of Si, 0.01% of Ni, 0.07% of Zn, 0.01% of Mn and a mass ratio of Fe/Cu of 2.1, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.19%, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 730 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys and pure Zn according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that all alloy elements are fully and uniformly mixed and dissolved in the melt;
(2) refining: adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent into the melt, stirring for 5 minutes, standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 206W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 177MPa, the yield strength of 97MPa and the elongation of 23%.
Comparative example 6:
the aluminum alloy material of the comparative example comprises the following specific components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Cu, 0.8% of Fe, 0.1% of Mg, 0.5% of Si, 0.1% of Ni, 0.05% of Ti, 0.05% of Zn, 0.05% of Mn and a Fe/Cu mass ratio of 0.8, wherein the mass fraction of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.75%, the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the total amount of impurity elements is 0.16%;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating a smelting furnace to 740 ℃, adding an aluminum ingot into the smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe pure metals or intermediate alloys thereof into an aluminum melt according to the component proportion after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloys, Al-Ti intermediate alloys, Al-Mn intermediate alloys, pure Zn and pure Mg according to the designed components after the aluminum ingot is dissolved, and stirring for 8 minutes to fully and uniformly mix and dissolve each alloy element in the melt;
(2) refining: adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent into the melt, stirring for 6 minutes, standing for 10min, and then slagging off;
(3) casting: pouring the refined and slag-removed melt into a mold to prepare the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy;
the alloy prepared by the method has the thermal conductivity of 185W/(m.K), the tensile strength of 207MPa, the yield strength of 114MPa and the elongation of 16%.
The aluminum alloys with ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength prepared in the examples 1 to 7, the aluminum alloys prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 6 and the conventional cast aluminum alloys A356, ADC12 and A380 in the comparative examples 7 to 9 are compared, and the thermal conductivity and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys are respectively measured, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the aluminum alloys of comparative examples 1 to 9, the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength of the invention has high thermal conductivity, excellent casting performance and flow ability, and good matching of toughness and toughness, so that the aluminum alloy with thermal conductivity coefficient of more than 200W/(m.K) of the invention has wide application range and good economic benefit.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The ultrahigh-heat-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-1.5% of Cu, 1.0-2.5% of Fe, 0.03-0.15% of Mg, 0.05-0.5% of Si, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the total amount of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than 0.2%.
2. The ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the composition of the aluminum alloy further comprises: 0-0.09% of Ni, 0-0.09% of Ti, 0-0.09% of Zn and 0-0.09% of Mn;
and the mass percentage of Si + Ni + Mn + Zn is 0.1-0.5%.
3. The aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of Fe to Cu in the aluminum alloy is (1-4): 1.
4. a method for preparing the ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1) weighing each raw material according to the design components, preheating the smelting furnace to a certain temperature, adding each raw material into the smelting furnace respectively, and continuously stirring to obtain an alloy melt;
s2) introducing inert gas into the alloy melt or adding a refining agent into the melt to carry out degassing refining, standing for a period of time and then slagging off;
s3) pouring the melt subjected to the slag skimming in the step S2) into a mold, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy with ultrahigh heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preheating temperature of the smelting furnace in S1) is 710 ℃ and 740 ℃, and the stirring time is 5-20 minutes;
the adding sequence of the raw materials is as follows: adding an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for melting, adding Cu and Fe after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, and sequentially adding instant silicon, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Ti intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, pure Zn and pure Mg after the aluminum ingot is dissolved.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the Cu and Fe are added as pure metals or as master alloys thereof.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the standing time in S2) is 10-30 min.
8. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the obtained ultrahigh-thermal-conductivity high-plasticity medium-strength aluminum alloy has a thermal conductivity of 204-217W/(m.K), a tensile strength of 176-227 MPa, a yield strength of 100-121 MPa and an elongation of 18-29%.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the ultra-high thermal conductivity, high plasticity, medium strength aluminum alloy is suitable for processing/forming processes including, but not limited to, die casting, squeeze casting, semi-solid rheoforming, or low pressure casting.
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| CN115305396A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-08 | 北京科技大学 | Low-alloy medium-high-strength magnesium alloy bar and preparation method thereof |
| CN116312900A (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-06-23 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Hypoeutectic aluminum alloy melt manufacturability evaluation method |
| CN118460889A (en) * | 2024-07-09 | 2024-08-09 | 广州致远新材料科技有限公司 | A method for preparing aluminum-iron-copper series high thermal conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy material |
| CN118685667A (en) * | 2024-07-09 | 2024-09-24 | 广州致远新材料科技有限公司 | Aluminum-iron-copper series high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy material and preparation method and die-casting method thereof |
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| CN114150194A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 苏州久越金属科技有限公司 | High-thermal-conductivity modified aluminum alloy material, preparation method and 5G communication equipment cavity |
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| CN118685667A (en) * | 2024-07-09 | 2024-09-24 | 广州致远新材料科技有限公司 | Aluminum-iron-copper series high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy material and preparation method and die-casting method thereof |
| CN118460889B (en) * | 2024-07-09 | 2025-01-21 | 广州致远新材料科技有限公司 | A method for preparing aluminum-iron-copper series high thermal conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy material |
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