CN112916700B - Local ultralow temperature forming method for large-size small-feature curved surface part - Google Patents
Local ultralow temperature forming method for large-size small-feature curved surface part Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a local ultralow temperature forming method for a large-size small-feature curved surface piece, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, a plate is placed on a female die, a blank holder is closed, and a set blank holder force is applied to enable the blank holder to tightly press the plate; secondly, the male die descends to drive the plate to form a macro-domain large curved surface under the action of the male die and the female die; thirdly, cooling the plate blank with local characteristics to be formed to a set temperature lower than-120 ℃; fourthly, the male die continues to move downwards, so that the cooled plate blank in the local characteristic region is completely attached to the molded surface under the action of the male die and the female die, and small characteristics are formed; and fifthly, opening the die to take out the formed large-size small-characteristic curved surface piece. The formability of the dangerous area is improved by local deep cooling of the characteristic area, and the problem that the sharp corner or local characteristic is easy to crack when formed at normal temperature is solved; the local characteristic plate blank can be deformed all the time under the condition of ultralow temperature, and the cracking of the local characteristic area in the macro-domain large-curved-surface forming process is avoided; obviously improves the forming efficiency and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plate forming, in particular to a local ultralow temperature forming method for a large-size small-feature curved surface part.
Background
Aluminum alloys are widely used as main structural materials in the aerospace, aviation and automotive fields due to their high specific strength and good corrosion resistance. The structural mass ratio of many important carrying equipment, such as a carrier rocket, an airplane and a new energy automobile, reaches more than 50 percent. In order to further reduce weight and improve reliability, a light high-strength aluminum alloy integral structure is required to replace a traditional multi-block split tailor-welded structure, and large-size small-feature curved parts with sharp edges or local features on a large-size space curved surface appear, such as new energy automobile covering parts, high-speed rail head edge line parts, novel airplane cabin door and skin type components, rocket/satellite truss conditions and the like.
The curved surface piece is generally formed by stamping, and different stamping processes such as deep drawing, bulging, pressing and the like are selected according to the shape complexity of the curved surface piece. For macro-domain large curves, forming is generally effective by stamping, but forming limits exist for sharp corners or local features. The local fillet to thickness ratio of curved aluminum alloy parts is often less than 3.0. Such new large-size curved pieces with small features have local fillets or edge-to-thickness ratios even close to 1.0. Because the normal temperature formability of the high-strength aluminum alloy is poorer, the cracking defect is easy to occur in a sharp edge angle or a local characteristic area.
In recent years, in order to solve the problems of poor room temperature forming and easy cracking of aluminum alloys, a revolutionary ultralow temperature forming technology has been developed. The characteristic that the forming performance of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved under the ultralow temperature condition is utilized, and the blank is cooled to the ultralow temperature through the ultralow temperature medium and then is formed, so that the forming limit of the curved surface part with the complex shape is obviously improved. The existing reported ultralow temperature forming technology mainly puts all molds into a low temperature box or soaks the molds into a low temperature medium, but has the problems of low cooling efficiency and inconvenient operation of large-size molds. The slab is indirectly cooled after the mold is cooled by the ultralow temperature medium, but the large-size mold is difficult to be cooled to a lower temperature, and the problem of integral forming and cracking of the large-size small-feature curved surface part cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a local ultralow temperature forming method for a large-size small-feature curved piece, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, enable a small-feature area plate blank to deform under an ultralow temperature condition, avoid the problems of forming cracking of a macro-area large-curved-surface local small-feature component and difficulty in integrally cooling a large-size mold to an ultralow temperature and improve the forming limit and the production efficiency of the large-size small-feature curved piece.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a local ultralow temperature forming method of a small-feature curved surface part, which is characterized in that local deep cooling of a feature region, normal-temperature forming of a macro-domain large curved surface and local small feature of ultralow-temperature forming are carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, a plate is placed on a female die, a blank holder is closed, and a set blank holder force is applied to enable the blank holder to tightly press the plate;
the male die descends, and the plate is driven to form a macro-domain large curved surface under the action of the male die and the female die;
step three, cooling the plate blank with local characteristics to be formed to a set temperature lower than-120 ℃;
the male die continuously descends to enable the cooled plate blank in the local characteristic region to be completely attached to the molded surface under the action of the male die and the female die, and small characteristics are formed;
and fifthly, opening the mold and taking out the formed large-size small-characteristic curved surface piece.
Preferably, prior to step one, the male die region of the formed local feature is cooled to a set temperature below-120 ℃ so that the formed local feature slab always deforms under ultra-low temperature conditions.
Preferably, before the first step, the ultra-low temperature medium is filled in the cavity of the die for forming the local feature, the slab is contacted with the ultra-low temperature medium until the slab is cooled to the set temperature before the local feature needs to be formed, and then the local feature is formed.
Preferably, in the third step, the ultra-low temperature medium is directly sprayed through the convex mold area of the forming local feature, so that the plate blank is cooled to the set ultra-low temperature.
Preferably, the ultra-low temperature medium is liquid nitrogen, liquid argon or liquid helium.
Preferably, the plate is an aluminum alloy plate with the wall thickness of 0.1-5.0 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) according to the local ultralow temperature forming method for the large-size small-feature curved surface part, the formability of a dangerous area is improved through local deep cooling of the feature area, and the problem that the sharp corner or local feature is easy to crack during normal-temperature forming is solved;
(2) the local ultralow temperature forming method for the large-size small-feature curved surface part can enable the formed local feature plate blank to be deformed all the time under the ultralow temperature condition, improve the deformation resistance of the plate blank, facilitate the force transfer and the coordinated deformation of the plate blank under the complex contact with a male die and a female die, and avoid cracking of a local feature region in the macro-domain large curved surface forming process;
(3) the local ultralow temperature forming method for the large-size small-feature curved surface part has the advantages that the large curved surface of the normal-temperature forming macro domain and the local small feature of the ultralow-temperature forming are realized, the problem that a large-size mold is difficult to be integrally cooled to a lower temperature is solved, the forming efficiency is obviously improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mold structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a macro-domain large curved surface forming completion stage;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial feature formation completion stage;
FIG. 4 is a typical large-scale small feature curved piece;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of cooling a part of a cavity of a female die filled with ultralow temperature media;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cooling form of spraying an ultra-low temperature medium on a male die area;
wherein, 1-a concave die; 2-a plate material; 3-a blank holder; 4-elastic edge pressing mechanism; 5-a male die; 6-ultralow temperature medium; 7-a mould frame; 8-curved surface piece.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a local ultralow temperature forming method for a large-size small-feature curved piece, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, enable a small-feature area plate blank to deform under an ultralow temperature condition, avoid the problems of forming cracking of a macro-area large-curved-surface local small-feature component and difficulty in integrally cooling a large-size mold to an ultralow temperature and improve the forming limit and the production efficiency of the small-feature curved piece.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the present embodiment provides a local ultra-low temperature forming method for a large-size small-feature curved surface part, which includes the following specific steps:
step one, a sheet material 2 is placed on a female die 1, a blank holder 3 is closed, and a set blank holder force is applied to enable the blank holder 3 to tightly press the sheet material 2;
secondly, the male die 5 descends to drive the plate 2 to form a macro-domain large curved surface under the action of the male die 5 and the female die 1;
step three, cooling the plate blank required to be formed with local characteristics to a set temperature lower than-120 ℃;
the male die 5 continues to move downwards, so that the cooled plate blank in the local characteristic region is completely attached to the molded surface under the action of the male die 5 and the female die 1, and a small-characteristic curved surface part is formed;
and fifthly, opening the die and taking out the formed small-characteristic curved surface piece.
In the embodiment, before the first step, the punch region for forming the local feature is cooled to the set temperature lower than-120 ℃, and the slab required to form the local feature is cooled to the set temperature lower than-120 ℃ through the punch region cooled to the ultralow temperature, so that the slab for forming the local feature is deformed under the ultralow temperature condition all the time, and the early-stage force transfer and the later-stage local feature forming are facilitated.
In order to facilitate cooling of the small feature region, in this embodiment, before the first step, an ultra-low temperature medium 6 is filled in the cavity of the female die for forming the local features, so that the slab contacts the ultra-low temperature medium 6 until the slab is cooled to a set ultra-low temperature before the local features need to be formed, and then the local features are formed. Besides the cooling mode, ultralow temperature media 6 can be directly sprayed in the step three through a convex die area with local characteristics, so that the plate blank is cooled to the set ultralow temperature.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, when a cooling form in which an ultra-low temperature medium 6 is filled in a male mold region is adopted, a sealed cavity is provided in the male mold 5, and the sealed cavity is connected with a low-temperature container through a circulation passage; the circulating flow of the ultralow temperature medium 6 in the circulating passage can cool the mould, the low temperature container is a self-pressurization storage tank generally, and if the low temperature container is not pressurized or the pressure is less than 0.1MPa, a low temperature booster pump can be arranged on the pipeline to promote the circulating cooling of the low temperature medium. When the cooling form that the male die area directly sprays the ultralow-temperature medium 6 is adopted, a cavity is not arranged in the die, an opening channel is arranged on the male die 5 and is connected with the low-temperature container, and the spraying agent is directly sprayed on the plate blank with local characteristics to be formed, as shown in figure 6; in addition to the above, a form in which the ultra-low-temperature medium 6 is provided in the cavity die 1 in fig. 5 may be employed.
Wherein the ultralow temperature medium 6 is liquid nitrogen, liquid argon or liquid helium; the plate 2 is an aluminum alloy plate with the wall thickness of 0.1-5.0 mm.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the blank of this embodiment is an annealed 5083 aluminum alloy plate, and has a thickness of 2.0mm, a length of 1800mm, and a width of 800 mm; the curved surface piece 8 with small characteristics is a space curved surface ridge line piece with the length of 1500 mm, the maximum depth of 150mm and the radius of a ridge fillet of 2.0 mm. The local ultralow temperature forming of the small-feature curved surface part is realized through a local cooling die, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, taking liquid nitrogen as an ultralow temperature medium 6, and cooling a male die area with local forming characteristics to-160 ℃;
secondly, placing the plate 2 on the female die 1, and applying a unit blank holder force of 1.5MPa to close the blank holder 3;
thirdly, the male die 5 descends to drive the plate 2 to form a space curved surface under the action of the male die 5 and the female die 1, and the descending displacement is controlled to be 145 mm; during which the slab to be shaped into the local features is gradually cooled during contact with the cooled mould;
step four, after the plate blank with local characteristics to be formed is cooled to be lower than minus 120 ℃, the male die 5 continues to move downwards, so that the plate blank with the local characteristic area is completely attached to the molded surface under the pressing action of the male die 5 and the female die 1, and a ridge fillet is formed;
and fifthly, opening the die and taking out the formed space curved surface ridge line piece.
Liquid argon may also be used for the ultra-low temperature medium 4 in this embodiment.
According to the embodiment, the formability of the dangerous area is improved through local deep cooling of the characteristic area, and the problem that the sharp edges and corners are easy to crack during forming at normal temperature is solved; the forming corner plate blank can be deformed all the time under the condition of ultralow temperature through the local cooling die, so that the deformation resistance is improved, the force transfer and the coordinated deformation of the plate blank under the condition of complex contact with a convex die and a concave die are facilitated, and the cracking of a corner area in the space curved surface forming process is avoided; the method has the advantages that the space curved surface is formed at normal temperature, the sharp edges and corners are formed at ultralow temperature, the problem that a large-size die is difficult to integrally cool to a lower temperature is solved, and the forming efficiency is obviously improved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5: the blank in the embodiment is a solid solution 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy plate, and the thickness of the blank is 1.0mm, the length of the blank is 1400mm, and the width of the blank is 1200 mm; the curved surface piece 8 with small characteristics is a basin-shaped piece, the length is 1100 mm, the width is 900mm, the bottom is a single-curvature convex curved surface and the depth is 100mm, and the central section has local convex characteristics of the length is 300mm, the curvature radius is 45mm, the depth is 20mm and the radius of a transition fillet is 2.0 mm. Ultralow temperature media are filled in the concave die cavity with the convex characteristic, so that local ultralow temperature forming of the basin-shaped part is realized, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, liquid nitrogen is used as an ultralow temperature medium 6, and the ultralow temperature medium 6 is filled in a cavity of a female die corresponding to the external convex characteristic;
secondly, placing the plate 2 on the female die 1, and applying a unit blank holder force of 2.0MPa to close the blank holder 3;
thirdly, the male die 5 descends to drive the plate 2 to form a space curved surface under the action of the male die 5 and the female die 1, and the descending displacement is controlled to be 85 mm;
supplementing the ultralow temperature medium 6, and cooling the plate blank to be formed with local characteristics to be lower than minus 180 ℃ after the plate blank is gradually contacted with the ultralow temperature medium;
step five, the male die 5 continues to descend, so that the plate blank with local characteristics to be formed is always ensured to be gradually attached to the molded surface under the temperature condition of being lower than minus 180 ℃, and the local convex characteristics are formed;
and step five, opening the mold and taking out the formed basin-shaped piece.
According to the embodiment, the formability of the dangerous area is improved through local deep cooling of the characteristic area, and the problem that small characteristic fillets are prone to cracking during normal-temperature forming is solved; by the characteristics of forming a space curved surface at normal temperature and forming local convex at ultralow temperature, the whole large-size die is not required to be cooled, the heat loss of the die is obviously reduced, and the production cost is saved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not to be construed as limiting the claims.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A local ultralow temperature forming method for a large-size small-feature curved surface part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, a plate is placed on a female die, a blank holder is closed, and a set blank holder force is applied to enable the blank holder to tightly press the plate;
the male die descends, and the plate is driven to form a macro-domain large curved surface at normal temperature under the action of the male die and the female die;
step three, cooling the plate blank with local characteristics to be formed to a set temperature lower than-120 ℃;
the male die continues to move downwards, so that the cooled plate blank in the local characteristic region is completely attached to the molded surface under the action of the male die and the female die, and a small characteristic region of the curved surface part is formed;
opening the mold and taking out the formed curved surface piece;
in the third step, the ultra-low temperature medium is directly sprayed through a convex die area with local characteristics, so that the plate blank is cooled to the set ultra-low temperature.
2. The method for local ultra-low temperature forming of a curved piece with large size and small features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: cooling the male die area for forming the local feature to a set temperature lower than-120 ℃ before the first step, so that the formed local feature plate blank always deforms under the ultralow temperature condition.
3. The method for local ultra-low temperature forming of a curved piece with large size and small features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before the first step, filling an ultralow temperature medium in a cavity of a female die for forming the local features, enabling the slab to contact the ultralow temperature medium until the slab is cooled to a set temperature before the local features need to be formed, and then forming the local features.
4. The method for local ultra-low temperature forming of a curved piece with large size and small features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ultralow temperature medium is liquid nitrogen, liquid argon or liquid helium.
5. The local ultra-low temperature forming method for large-size small-feature curved piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plate is an aluminum alloy plate with the wall thickness of 0.1-5.0 mm.
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| CN202110164291.8A CN112916700B (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Local ultralow temperature forming method for large-size small-feature curved surface part |
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| CN112139339B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-08-10 | 大连理工大学 | Ultralow-temperature forming equipment for metal thin-wall curved surface part |
| CN118269317B (en) * | 2024-04-30 | 2024-10-11 | 河源顺创模具科技有限公司 | High-pressure injection mold for complex curved surface |
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| DE102012104734A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Outokumpu Nirosta Gmbh | Method and device for producing formed sheet metal parts at cryogenic temperature |
| CN109226424A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of part punching method of aluminum alloy strip part deep cooling |
| CN109226425A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of part single-point manufacturing process of aluminum alloy strip part deep cooling |
| CN109570315A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-04-05 | 中南大学 | A kind of drawing cup preparation method of aluminum alloy strip part deep cooling |
| CN111940583A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-17 | 大连理工大学 | Ultra-low temperature deep drawing forming method for aluminum alloy thin-wall curved surface part |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012104734A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Outokumpu Nirosta Gmbh | Method and device for producing formed sheet metal parts at cryogenic temperature |
| CN109226424A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of part punching method of aluminum alloy strip part deep cooling |
| CN109226425A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-18 | 中南大学 | A kind of part single-point manufacturing process of aluminum alloy strip part deep cooling |
| CN109570315A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-04-05 | 中南大学 | A kind of drawing cup preparation method of aluminum alloy strip part deep cooling |
| CN111940583A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-17 | 大连理工大学 | Ultra-low temperature deep drawing forming method for aluminum alloy thin-wall curved surface part |
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