CN112860111B - Resistance type multistage pressure sensor, pressure sensing method and application - Google Patents
Resistance type multistage pressure sensor, pressure sensing method and application Download PDFInfo
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- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0414—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using force sensing means to determine a position
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
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- G06F2203/04104—Multi-touch detection in digitiser, i.e. details about the simultaneous detection of a plurality of touching locations, e.g. multiple fingers or pen and finger
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Abstract
The invention discloses a resistance type multistage pressure sensor, which comprises a pressure substrate and a supporting substrate which are arranged in parallel relatively; the pressure substrate is provided with a first electrode layer; the support substrate is provided with a second electrode layer; a dielectric layer is arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; the first lead connecting area of the first electrode layer and the second lead connecting area of the second electrode layer are respectively and electrically connected with an external resistance measuring circuit; the first conductive path and the second conductive path are intersected at a certain angle, and an overlapped area of the first conductive path and the second conductive path forms a pressure sensing unit; a pressure sensing node is formed in the overlapping area of one first conductive channel and one second conductive channel; when each pressure sensing unit is subjected to different pressure levels, the pressure sensing units are conducted step by step along with the change of the pressure levels, and the resistance is caused to change in a multi-step manner to measure the pressure; the invention also discloses a pressure sensing method and application; the invention effectively realizes the sensitive sensing of converting pressure into multi-stage resistance under different pressures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resistance type pressure sensors, in particular to a resistance type multistage pressure sensor, a multistage stepped pressure sensing method and application.
Background
A touch panel is an input device that allows a user to input information through physical contact with the panel device. Touch panels are commonly used as input devices for various products, such as home appliances, televisions, notebook computers and monitors, and portable electronic devices, such as notebook computers, electronic books, portable multimedia players, global positioning system navigation units, ultra mobile computers, smart phones, smart watches, tablet computers, and mobile communication terminals.
When a user gives an instruction to the touch panel, the user usually performs simple operations such as page turning, translation, zooming, and the like by touching, moving, hovering, or tapping the device surface with a finger. For more complex instructions, such as unlocking the screen, logging in by the user, entering a password, etc., the user may need to perform more complex gestures, or engage in other input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, etc.). Relatively advanced gestures have also been implemented. For example, a scroll command may be initiated by placing two fingers on the touchpad. When the system recognizes a scroll gesture, the fingers are moved across the touchpad to perform a scroll event. Most gesture commands are implemented by planar (i.e., x-y plane) movement of the user's finger across the touch panel. However, the methods for implementing these advanced gestures are limited, and the complicated movement method may cause inconvenience to the user.
Therefore, there is a need for a new touch panel and a method for using the same to achieve the effect of implementing complex commands through simple and variable gestures.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a resistance type multistage pressure sensor, which effectively realizes sensitive sensing of converting pressure into multistage resistance under different pressures.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a resistance type multistage pressure sensor comprises a pressure substrate and a support substrate which are arranged in parallel relatively; a first electrode layer is arranged on one side, facing the support substrate, of the pressure substrate; the first electrode layer comprises one or more first conducting paths which are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals in an insulating way; the first conducting path comprises a first lead connecting area and one or more first conducting channels which are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals in an insulating way; each first conductive channel is electrically connected to the first lead connecting area;
a second electrode layer is arranged on one side, facing the pressure substrate, of the support substrate; the second electrode layer comprises one or more second conducting paths which are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals in an insulating way; the second conductive path comprises a second lead connecting area and a second conductive channel which is formed by one or more mutually parallel and insulated intervals; each second conductive channel is electrically connected to the second lead connection area;
a dielectric layer is arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer;
the first lead connecting area and the second lead connecting area are respectively and electrically connected with an external resistance measuring circuit;
wherein the first conductive path and the second conductive path are intersected at a certain angle; a pressure sensing unit is formed in the overlapping area of the first conducting path and the second conducting path; a pressure sensing node is formed in the overlapping area of one first conductive channel and one second conductive channel;
at least two or more pressure sensing nodes are arranged in one pressure sensing unit;
and when each pressure sensing unit is subjected to different pressure levels, the pressure sensing nodes in the pressure sensing units are electrically contacted with the first conductive channel and the second conductive channel to form step-by-step conduction of the pressure sensing units along with the change of the pressure levels, so that the multi-step change of the resistance is caused to measure the pressure.
The resistance R under the multistage pressure of the pressure sensing unit at the optimal coordinate (x, y) n The following formula is satisfied:
wherein, the unit resistance of the first conductive channel and the second conductive channel in the pressure sensing unit can be respectively defined as r 0 And c 0 And a is a correction function for compensating the contact resistance error. The unit resistor is the resistor of a conductive channel in a pressure sensing unit.
The improvement is that each pressure sensing unit is provided with at least one fixed height adjusting piece;
the farthest distance between each pressure sensing node in the pressure sensing unit and the height adjusting piece closest to the pressure sensing node is D, the farthest distances in the pressure sensing unit are D1-Dn from large to small, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
when the pressure sensing units are subjected to pressures of different levels from small to large, the pressure substrate is sunken, the first electrode layer is electrically contacted with the second electrode layer, and the pressure sensing nodes corresponding to D1-Dn are conducted step by step from first to last. The maximum relative distance between the outer edge of the pressure sensing node and the height adjustment member adjacent thereto in the present invention defines the force required to activate the pressure sensing node. The smaller the distance, the greater the force required.
The height adjusting piece is further improved and is positioned in the corresponding pressure sensing node;
or,
the height adjusting pieces and the corresponding pressure sensing nodes are arranged in a staggered mode.
The first conducting channel and the second conducting channel of partial pressure sensing nodes in one pressure sensing unit are further improved to be respectively arranged as conducting pads. According to the invention, the number of activated pressure sensing nodes under different pressure levels is accurately controlled by setting the difference of the areas of the conductive pads in one pressure sensing unit, so that the obviously-changed and discrete electrical readings (resistance) are obtained. Conventional electrode patterns rely on measuring changes in contact resistance to detect pressure. The rate of change in contact resistance decreases as the contact area increases, resulting in a decrease in accuracy in wide-range pressure detection.
The conductive pad of the first conductive channel of the pressure sensing node with the height adjusting part in the middle is further improved to be provided with a yielding hole. The receding hole of the conductive pad can effectively reduce the friction between the electrode layer of the pressure panel and the height adjusting part, thereby prolonging the service life.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for sensing pressure by using the resistance-type multistage pressure sensor, which effectively realizes multistage pressure sensitive sensing under different pressures.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for using the resistance type pressure sensor to sense pressure in the invention detects the resistance signal change activated by the first conductive channel along the x direction and the second conductive channel along the y direction to obtain the position coordinate (x, y) of the pressure;
the distance between each pressure sensing node in one pressure sensing unit and the farthest distance between each pressure sensing node and the nearest height adjusting piece is D1-Dn from large to small, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
when the pressure sensing unit is pressed, the pressure substrate is sunken to ensure that the first conductive channel and the second conductive channel in the pressure sensing nodes D1-Dn are electrically contacted step by step to cause n-step change of the resistance to measure the pressure, wherein n step pressure level resistances R can be detected n The following conditions are met:
wherein, the unit resistances of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the pressure sensing unit can be respectively defined as r 0 And c 0 And a is a correction function for compensating the contact resistance error.
Preferably, the minimum activation pressure of the pressure sensing unit is a pressure at which the pressure substrate is depressed to conduct the pressure sensing node in the range of D1. The minimum activation pressure of the invention is controllable and adjustable.
It is a third object of the present invention to provide a use of a resistive multi-level pressure sensor configured in an electronic system with conventional multi-touch detection hardware and software to detect and process multi-touches and separately applied pressures occurring at different locations at the same time.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a hardware and software electronic system employing a resistive multistage pressure sensor.
Preferably, the input of the combination of different stress levels performs one of the functions of selection, cancellation, password input and payment. Preferably, the input of the combination of different stress levels performs one of the functions of selection, cancellation, password input and payment. When pressing first level dynamics, sensor control circuit carries out the position discernment, and when pressing second level dynamics, the sensor carries out the function operation on the basis of position discernment. The input mode of different pressure grades is similar to a Morse code (MorseCode), and 1, 2 and 3 respectively represent first, second and third-stage pressures. The user can realize the functions of selection/cancellation, password input, payment and the like by inputting different pressure level combinations, such as 1-2-1, 2-1-3, 1-1-2 and the like. In addition, the user may also implement more complex instructions in conjunction with traditional two-dimensional gestures and level pressure sensing. Such as a pinch gesture of two fingers on the touch screen surface and input a level pressure gesture of 1-2-3 to log out of the account and exit the application.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a resistance-type multistage pressure sensor, wherein each first conductive channel is respectively and electrically connected with a first lead wire connecting area, such as silver paste or solder; a first wire connection region forms an electrical connection between each first conductive channel and an electrical path (e.g., a wire) to a first polarity terminal of a voltage source (e.g., a direct current source having a voltage of less than 10 volts); the second electrode layer is arranged as the first electrode layer; detecting a pressure change by measuring a step change in apparent resistance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer;
activating different numbers of pressure sensing nodes under different pressure levels so as to detect discrete changes of the resistance of the pressure sensing unit; the range and the number of the detected pressure grades are freely adjusted by adjusting the arrangement of the pressure sensing nodes and the height adjusting pieces in the pressure sensing unit; the pressure range may include light touch, light pressure, medium pressure, heavy pressure, etc. In the absence of an applied external force, there is an insulating space between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the detectable resistance is infinite. Under the action of force, for example, when a user presses the surface of the sensor through a finger, at least one pressure sensing node in at least one pressure sensing unit between the two first electrode layers and the second electrode layer is mutually communicated, a closed loop is formed between the first electrode layers and the second electrode layers, and a certain resistance can be detected. The larger the applied pressure is, the more the number of the conductive channels which are mutually communicated is, the smaller the detected resistance is, and thus the multistage pressure sensing is realized;
the multi-level pressure sensor apparatus of the present invention can also be configured in an electronic system with conventional multi-touch detection hardware and software to detect and process multi-touches and respectively applied pressures occurring at different locations at the same time; according to the invention, pressure induction of different levels is integrated into gesture recognition, so that a user can implement complex instructions through simple three-dimensional gestures; the invention can recognize the traditional two-dimensional gesture (x-y surface), and can also sense the gesture command of a third dimension (namely, the pressure sensing input in the z-axis direction) by measuring the obvious resistance change fed back in different pressure intervals.
Thereby achieving the above object of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a resistive multi-stage pressure sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the projection of a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer onto an x-y plane;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure sensing unit according to the present invention and a schematic diagram illustrating a multi-stage pressure response principle;
(a) no pressure exists; (b) lightly pressing; (c) medium pressure; (d) heavy pressing;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another pressure sensing unit according to the present invention and a schematic diagram of a multi-stage pressure response principle;
(a) no pressure exists; (b) lightly pressing; (c) medium pressure; (d) heavy pressing;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of three pressure sensing nodes according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows electrode patterns in the conductive paths of the pressure panel and the conductive paths of the support panel in the pressure sensing unit according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 7 is an electrode pattern of the pressure panel electrode path and the support panel conductive circuit in the pressure sensing unit according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing electrode patterns in the conductive paths of the pressure panel and the support panel in the pressure sensing unit according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the flow of current under different pressures in the pressure sensing unit according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic step-like variation of the resistance values detected under different pressures in the theoretical case of the pressure sensing unit according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a pressure comparison of the resistance values detected by the pressure sensing units of the first embodiment under different pressures with the resistance values detected by the pressure sensing units of the prior art;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a pressure sensing unit according to a fourth embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a resistance-pressure curve for a fourth embodiment resistive multi-level pressure sensor;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a pressure sensing configuration of a prior art pressure sensor;
fig. 15 is a resistance-pressure curve of a prior art resistive pressure sensor.
In the figure:
a pressure substrate 1; a support substrate 2; a first conductive path 3; a first wire connection region 31; a first conductive path 32; a second conductive path 4; a second wire connection region 41; a second conductive path 42; a pressure sensing unit 5; a pressure sensing node 51; a conductive pad 52; a relief hole 521; a height adjusting member 6; and a connecting piece 7.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The present embodiment discloses a resistive multi-stage pressure sensor, a pressure sensing method and applications thereof, as shown in fig. 1 to 6 and 9 to 11, comprising a pressure substrate 1 and a support substrate 2 arranged in parallel; a first electrode layer is arranged on one side of the pressure substrate 1 facing the support substrate 2; the first electrode layer comprises one or more first conducting paths 3 which are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals in an insulating way; the first conductive path 3 includes a first wire connection area 31 and a plurality of first conductive paths 32 arranged in parallel and at an insulating interval; each first conductive via 32 is electrically connected to the first wire connection region 31;
a second electrode layer is arranged on one side of the support substrate 2 facing the pressure substrate 1; the second electrode layer comprises one or more second conducting paths 4 which are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals in an insulating way; the second conductive path 4 includes a second conductor connection region 41 and a second conductive path 42 formed by a plurality of mutually parallel and insulated spaces; each second conductive via 42 is electrically connected to the second wire connection region 41;
a dielectric layer is arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer;
the first wire connection region 31 and the second wire connection region 41 are electrically connected to an external resistance measurement circuit, respectively;
wherein, the first conductive path 3 and the second conductive path 4 are arranged in an intersecting way at a certain angle; a pressure sensing unit 5 is formed in the overlapping area of one first conductive path 3 and one second conductive path 4; the overlapping area of one first conductive via 32 and one second conductive via 42 forms a pressure sensing node 51;
at least two or more pressure sensing nodes 51 are arranged in one pressure sensing unit 5;
In this embodiment, the pressure sensing unit 5 at coordinates (x, y) is subjected to the resistance R under the multi-level pressure n The following formula is satisfied:
wherein, the unit resistance of the first conductive path 32 and the second conductive path 42 in the pressure sensing unit 5 can be defined as r 0 And c 0 And a is a correction function for compensating the contact resistance error.
Each pressure sensing unit 5 is further improved to have at least one fixed height adjusting member 6;
the farthest distance between each pressure sensing node 51 in the pressure sensing unit 5 and the height adjusting member 6 closest to the pressure sensing node is D, and the farthest distances in the pressure sensing unit 5 are D1 to Dn in sequence from large to small, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
when the pressure sensing unit 5 is subjected to pressures of different levels from small to large, the pressure substrate 1 is concave, the first electrode layer is in electrical contact with the second electrode layer, and the pressure sensing nodes 51 corresponding to D1 to Dn are conducted step by step from first to last. The furthest relative distance between the outer edge of the pressure sensing node 51 and the height adjustment member 6 adjacent thereto in the present invention defines the force required to activate the pressure sensing node 51. The smaller the distance, the greater the force required.
In the present embodiment, the height adjusting member 6 is located inside the corresponding pressure sensing node 51;
in this embodiment, the first conductive vias 32 and the second conductive vias 42 of the pressure sensing nodes 51 of one of the pressure sensing units 5 are respectively disposed as conductive pads 52. The present invention precisely controls the number of activated pressure sensing nodes 51 under different pressure levels by setting the difference of the areas of the conductive pads 52 in one pressure sensing unit 5, thereby obtaining an electrical reading (resistance) with obvious and discrete variations. Conventional electrode patterns rely on measuring changes in contact resistance to detect pressure. The rate of change in contact resistance decreases as the contact area increases, resulting in a decrease in accuracy in wide-range pressure detection, as shown in fig. 14 and 15.
A multi-level pressure response is achieved by activating a different number of pressure sensing nodes 51, i.e. the number of electrically contacting conductive paths occurring in the two electrode layers. Depending on the distance of extension of the pressure sensing node 51 and the height adjustment member 6, the force required to activate the pressure sensing node 51 will vary. The pressure sensing stage number and range can be customized by designing the arrangement of the conductive paths and the height adjusting pieces 6.
Four stages of pressure response in this embodiment can be achieved by three different arrangements of conductive paths and height adjusters 6. The method comprises the following steps: the height adjusting piece 6 is not arranged in the pressure sensing node 51, the height adjusting piece 6 is arranged in the pressure sensing node 51, the area of the pressure sensing node is slightly larger, and the height adjusting piece 6 is arranged in the pressure sensing node 51, and the area of the pressure sensing node is slightly smaller. (a) A first stage: there is no pressure. The two electrode layers are not in contact with each other, and the detectable resistance is infinite. (b) And a second stage: and (5) lightly pressing. When the surface is touched, the upper and lower conductive paths of the pressure sensing node 51 without the height adjusting member 6 are in contact with each other, and the pressure sensing node 51 is activated. The detectable resistance is R1. (c) And a third stage: and (5) medium pressure. When the force applied to the pressure receiving surface increases, the upper and lower conductive paths of the pressure sensing node 51 having a slightly larger area of the height adjusting member 6 come into contact, and the pressure sensing node 51 is activated. The detectable resistance is R2, R2< R1. (d) Fourth stage: and (5) pressing heavily. When the force applied increases again, the upper and lower conductive paths of the pressure-sensitive node 51 having the height-adjusting member 6 with a slightly smaller area come into contact, and the pressure-sensitive node 51 is activated. The resistances that can be detected are R3, R3< R2< R1. The resistance of each conductive path may be adjusted by the width of the path, the length of the path, or the resistivity of the conductive material. The resistance change among all levels is obvious, and the change rate is kept relatively stable, so that the characteristic of keeping high accuracy in wide-range pressure sensing is obtained.
The four-stage pressure response of the present embodiment can be achieved by three different arrangements of the conductive paths and the height adjusting member 6 (the distance of the pressure sensing node 51 from the height adjusting member 6). (a) A first stage: there is no pressure. The two electrode layers are not in contact with each other, and the detectable resistance is infinite. (b) And a second stage: and (5) lightly pressing. When the surface is touched, the upper and lower conductive paths of the pressure sensing node 51 farthest from the height adjusting member 6 contact with each other, the pressure sensing node 51 is activated, and the detectable resistance is R1. (c) And a third stage: and (5) medium pressure. When the force applied to the pressure receiving surface increases and the upper and lower conductive paths come into contact with the pressure sensing node 51 located at a moderate distance from the height adjusting member 6, the pressure sensing node 51 is activated and the detectable resistance is R2, R2< R1. (d) Fourth stage: and (5) pressing heavily. When the applied force increases again, the upper and lower conductive paths in the pressure sensing node 51 closest to the height adjustment member 6 come into contact, and the pressure sensing node 51 is activated, and the detectable resistance is R3, R3< R2< R1.
The structure of the pressure sensing unit 5 of the present embodiment is shown in detail in fig. 6. The height adjustment member 6 of this embodiment is located in the region of the pressure sensing node 51. Within each pressure sensing node 51 is a conductive pad 52. The conductive pads 52 are square in shape and have three sizes, i.e., large, medium, and small. The pair of conductive pads 52 having the largest area are located at the center of the pressure-sensitive cell 5 without the height adjuster 6 therebetween. Three pairs of conductive pads 52 of equal area are located at the lower right corner of the pressure-sensitive cell 5, with a height adjuster 6 therebetween. Five pairs of conductive pads 52 having the smallest area are located at the upper and left sides of the pressure-sensitive cell 5, with a height adjuster 6 therebetween, respectively.
The height adjusting member 6 may be replaced by a connecting member 7 between the pressure base plate 1 and the support base plate 2.
The method for sensing the pressure by using the resistance type pressure sensor comprises the following specific steps:
detecting the activated resistance signal changes of the first conductive channel 32 along the x direction and the second conductive channel 42 along the y direction to obtain the position coordinates (x, y) of the pressure;
the distance between each pressure sensing node 51 in one pressure sensing unit 5 and the farthest distance from the nearest height adjusting member 6 is D1-Dn from large to small, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
when the pressure sensing unit 5 is pressed, the pressure substrate 1 is recessed to make the first conductive channel 32 and the second conductive channel 42 in the pressure sensing node 51 of D1-Dn electrically contact with each other step by step to cause n-step changes in resistance to measure pressure, wherein n stepped pressure level resistances R can be detected n The method accords with the following steps:
wherein, the unit resistances of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the pressure sensing unit 5 can be respectively defined as r 0 And c 0 And a is a correction function for compensating the contact resistance error.
In this embodiment, the minimum activation pressure of the pressure sensing unit 5 is a pressure at which the pressure sensing node 51 is turned on within the range D1 by the depression of the pressure substrate 1. The minimum activation pressure of the present embodiment is controllable and adjustable.
The present embodiments are configured in an electronic system with conventional multi-touch detection hardware and software to detect and process multi-touches and separately applied pressures that occur at different locations at the same time.
A hardware and software electronic system employing a resistive multistage pressure sensor. And one of the functions of selection, cancellation, password input and payment is realized through the input of different pressure level combinations. Preferably, the input of different combinations of stress levels performs one of the functions of selecting, canceling, password entry and payment. When pressing first level dynamics, sensor control circuit carries out the position discernment, and when pressing second level dynamics, the sensor carries out the function operation on the basis of position discernment. The input mode of different pressure grades is similar to a Morse code (MorseCode), and 1, 2 and 3 respectively represent first, second and third-stage pressures. The user can realize the functions of selection/cancellation, password input, payment and the like by inputting different pressure level combinations, such as 1-2-1, 2-1-3, 1-1-2 and the like. In addition, the user may also implement more complex instructions in conjunction with traditional two-dimensional gestures and level pressure sensing. Such as a pinch gesture of two fingers on the touch screen surface and input a level pressure gesture of 1-2-3 to log out of the account and exit the application.
The present invention provides a resistive multi-stage pressure sensor, each first conductive via 32 is electrically connected to a first wire connection area 31, such as silver paste or solder; first wire connection region 31 forms an electrical connection between each first conductive channel 32 and an electrical path (e.g., a wire) to a first polarity terminal of a voltage source (e.g., a direct current source having a voltage of less than 10 volts); the second electrode layer is arranged as the first electrode layer; detecting a pressure change by measuring a step change in apparent resistance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer;
at different pressure levels, different numbers of pressure sensing nodes 51 are activated to detect discrete changes in the resistance of the pressure sensing unit 5; the range and the number of the detected pressure levels are freely adjusted by adjusting the arrangement of the pressure sensing nodes 51 and the height adjusting pieces 6 in the pressure sensing unit 5; the pressure range may include light touch, light pressure, medium pressure, heavy pressure, etc. In the absence of an applied external force, there is an insulating space between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the detectable resistance is infinite. Under the action of force, for example, when a user presses the sensor surface with a finger, at least one pressure sensing node 51 in at least one pressure sensing unit 5 between the two first electrode layers and the second electrode layer is mutually connected, and a closed loop is formed between the first electrode layers and the second electrode layers, so that a certain resistance can be detected. The larger the applied pressure is, the more the number of the conductive channels which are mutually communicated is, the smaller the detected resistance is, and thus the multistage pressure sensing is realized;
the multi-stage pressure sensor apparatus of the present embodiment can also be configured in an electronic system with conventional multi-touch detection hardware and software to detect and process multi-touches and separately applied pressures occurring at different locations at the same time; according to the invention, pressure induction of different levels is integrated into gesture recognition, so that a user can implement complex instructions through simple three-dimensional gestures; the invention can recognize the traditional two-dimensional gesture (x-y surface), and can also sense the gesture command of a third dimension (namely, the pressure sensing input in the z-axis direction) by measuring the obvious resistance change fed back in different pressure intervals.
Example 2
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are: as shown in figures 5 and 7 of the drawings,
in the embodiment, the conductive pad 52 of the first conductive via 32 of the pressure sensing node 51 with the improved height adjusting member 6 in the middle is provided with a relief hole 521. The offset hole 521 of the conductive pad 52 can effectively reduce the friction between the first electrode layer and the height adjuster 6, thereby prolonging the service life.
The height adjustment element 6 is located in the region of the pressure-sensitive joint 51. Within each pressure sensing node 51 is a conductive pad 52. The conductive pad 52 has a square shape and a hollowed square shape with a relief hole 52. The area of the square is divided into three types of big, middle and small, and the area of the abdicating hole 521 is slightly larger than the diameter of the height adjusting piece 6. The pair of conductive pads 52 having the largest area is square and located at the center of the pressure-sensitive cell 5 without the height adjuster 6 therebetween. The three pairs of conducting pads 52 with the middle area are hollow squares and are located at the lower right corner of the pressure sensing unit 5. There is a height adjusting member 6 therebetween, and the height adjusting members 6 are located in the receding holes 521. The five pairs of conducting pads 52 with the smallest area are hollowed out squares and are located on the upper side and the left side of the pressure sensing unit 5. There is a height adjustment member 6 therebetween, respectively, and the height adjustment member 6 is located in the hollow area. The friction between the first electrode layer and the height adjusting piece 6 can be effectively reduced through the hollow design, and therefore the service life is prolonged.
The present invention precisely controls the number of activated pressure sensing nodes 51 under different pressure levels by setting the difference of the areas of the conductive pads 52 in one pressure sensing unit 5, thereby obtaining an electrical reading (resistance) with obvious and discrete variations.
Example 3
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are: as shown in fig. 5 and 8, the height adjusting member 6 is disposed offset from the corresponding pressure sensing node 51 in this embodiment.
The height adjusting member 6 is located near the pressure sensing node 51 (outside the pressure sensing node 51 region). Within a portion of pressure sensing node 51 is a conductive pad 52. The conductive pads 52 are square in shape and have a size that can be classified into a large size and a small size. A pair of conductive pads 52 having a large area are located at the center of the pressure-sensitive cell 5 without the height adjuster 6 therebetween. Three pairs of conductive pads 52 having a small area are located at the lower right corner of the pressure-sensitive cell 5, and a height adjuster 6 is located near each of the three pairs of conductive pads. There are five pressure sensing nodes 51 on the top and left sides of the pressure sensing unit 5, and there are no conductive pads 52. There is a height adjustment member 6 near each of the five pressure sensing nodes 51. The design that the positions of the pressure sensing node 51 and the height adjusting member 6 are staggered relatively can effectively reduce the friction between the first electrode layer and the height adjusting member 6, thereby prolonging the service life.
As shown in fig. 9, the position of the height adjuster 6 and the area of the conductive pad 52 will affect the minimum force (activation pressure) required to activate the pressure sensing node 51. When the pressure receiving side of the pressure substrate 1 is subjected to pressure, the pressure sensing node 51 may be activated by deforming the first electrode layer such that the conductive pad 52 contacts a corresponding conductive pad 52 in the second electrode layer. Referring to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the difference in the area of the conductive pad 52 affects the minimum pressure required to activate the pressure sensing node 51. The force required for the pair of conductive pads 52 without the height adjuster 6 in the middle, i.e., the pair of conductive pads 52 at the center of the pressure-sensing unit 5, to contact each other is minimized. The small activation pressure of the center conductive pad 52 gives the pressure sensor the ability to detect a tap (activation pressure is typically less than 0.2N). The smaller the area of the conductive pad 52, the greater the activation pressure required due to the height adjuster 6 in the middle. The specially designed conductive pads 52 of different areas ensure the detection of different levels of pressure.
Fig. 9 and 10 illustrate exemplary pressure sensing events of a multi-stage pressure sensor in one pressure sensing unit 5. In the absence of applied pressure, i.e. in the quiescent state (P0 = 0), the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are not in contact, so that there is an open circuit and no measurable current flows (i.e. infinite resistance). When the pressure receiving surface is touched (P1), the central portion of the pressure substrate 1, i.e., the portion without the height adjuster 6 in the middle, is bent toward the support substrate 2, so that the two conductive pads 52 in the center are brought into contact with each other (i.e., the pressure sensing node 51 in the center is activated). At a certain minimum force level, such as a light touch, this will close the circuit and cause a measurable current to flow between the pressure conductive path and the support conductive path. At this time, the resistance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer was measured to be R1. When the pressure increases (P2), the pressure substrate 1 bends more, causing the three middle-area conductive pads 52 at the lower right corner of the pressure sensing unit 5 to contact each other. More pressure sensing nodes 51 are activated and the measurable current increases and the switching resistance decreases (R2 < R1). When the pressure is further increased (P3), the pressure substrate 1 is bent such that the conductive pads 52 having the smallest area are brought into contact with each other. All pressure sensing nodes 51 are activated and the measurable current increases and the switching resistance decreases (R3 < R2< R1). When the pressure is removed, the pressure substrate 1 will return to its unbent position, restoring the insulating space between the first conductive path 3 and the second conductive path 4.
In general, as more conductive pads 52 are contacted, more pressure sensing nodes 51 are activated, and the resistance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is reduced. By virtue of the difference in the areas of the conductive pads 52, different numbers of pressure sensing nodes 51 will be activated at different pressure levels. Thus, a wide range of pressure levels can be accurately measured. Fig. 10 illustrates a typical series of compression events at different pressure levels, from P0 to P3, where P0< P1< P2< P3. At different pressure levels, different numbers of pressure sensing nodes 51 will be activated, which gives the device the ability to obtain discrete and sensitive measurements for a wide range of pressures applied to the pressure sensor device.
By calculation, the location of the pressing event and the amount of force exerted on the pressure sensor device can be derived. By analyzing which of the second conductive path 4 in the x-direction and the first conductive path 3 in the y-direction is activated, the position of the pressing event, i.e. the x y coordinates (x, y), can be obtained. The magnitude of the applied force can be obtained by converting the resistance between the two electrodes into pressure as a function of pressure (P) and resistance (R). According to a preferred embodiment, for n 2 The pressure sensing units 5 of the respective conductive pads 52 and the n types of conductive pads 52 can detect n pressure levels (irrespective of the case where the pressure is zero). For the sake of simplifying the calculation, the resistances of the pressure conductive path and the supporting conductive path in one pressure sensing unit 5 may be defined as r o And c o . For a compression event with coordinates (x, y), the resistance at pressure level 1(P1) can be calculated as
Where a is a correction function that compensates for contact resistance errors. Due to design considerations, the contact resistance affects much less than the resistance of the conductive traces.
The resistance at pressure level 2 (P2) may be calculated as
The resistance at 3-stage pressure (P3) can be calculated as
……
The resistance at pressure level n (Pn) may be calculated as
The resistance-pressure curve obtained by the present embodiment is shown in fig. 11, and the present embodiment can realize three-level pressure sensing with obvious steps. Compared with a large-resistance pressure sensor in the prior art, the pressure sensor is sensitive to pressure, can effectively convert the pressure into a stepped resistor, and further application of the resistance type multistage pressure sensor is realized.
Example 4
The main difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is as shown in fig. 12 and 13, in this embodiment, one pressure sensing unit 5 is provided with 5 pressure sensing nodes 51 to realize two-stage pressure sensing; the specific resistance-pressure curve is shown in fig. 13, and it can be seen from fig. 13 that the resistive pressure sensor obtained in this embodiment has a significant two-step and is sensitive to pressure.
According to the conventional electrode pattern as shown in fig. 14, the resistance value detected in one pressure-sensitive cell shows a sharp decrease tendency in a small pressure range and then becomes gentle. Which rapidly decreases in accuracy in a wide range of pressure detection as shown in fig. 15.
Claims (10)
1. A resistive multi-stage pressure sensor, comprising: the device comprises a pressure substrate and a support substrate which are arranged in parallel relatively;
a first electrode layer is arranged on one side, facing the support substrate, of the pressure substrate; the first electrode layer comprises one or more first conducting paths which are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals in an insulating way; the first conducting path comprises a first lead connecting area and one or more first conducting channels which are parallel to each other and are arranged at intervals in an insulating way; each first conductive channel is electrically connected to the first lead connecting area;
a second electrode layer is arranged on one side, facing the pressure substrate, of the support substrate; the second electrode layer comprises one or more second conducting paths which are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals in an insulating way; the second conductive path comprises a second lead connecting area and a second conductive channel which is formed by one or more mutually parallel and insulated intervals; each second conductive channel is electrically connected to the second lead connection area;
a dielectric layer is arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer;
the first lead connecting area and the second lead connecting area are respectively and electrically connected with an external resistance measuring circuit;
wherein the first conductive path and the second conductive path are arranged in a crossing manner; a pressure sensing unit is formed in the overlapping area of the first conducting path and the second conducting path; a pressure sensing node is formed in the overlapping area of one first conductive channel and one second conductive channel;
at least two or more pressure sensing nodes are arranged in one pressure sensing unit;
and when each pressure sensing unit is subjected to different pressure levels, the pressure sensing nodes in the pressure sensing units are electrically contacted with the first conductive channel and the second conductive channel to form step-by-step conduction of the pressure sensing units along with the change of the pressure levels, so that the multi-step change of the resistance is caused to measure the pressure.
2. The resistive multi-stage pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein: resistance R under multi-stage pressure applied to pressure sensing unit at coordinate (x, y) n The following formula is satisfied:
wherein, the unit resistances of the first conductive channel and the second conductive channel in the pressure sensing unit are respectively defined as r 0 And c 0 And a is a correction function for compensating the contact resistance error.
3. The resistive multi-stage pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein: each pressure sensing unit is provided with at least one fixed height adjusting piece;
the farthest distance between each pressure sensing node in the pressure sensing unit and the height adjusting piece closest to the pressure sensing node is D, the farthest distances in the pressure sensing unit are D1-Dn from large to small, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
when the pressure sensing units are subjected to pressures of different levels from small to large, the pressure substrate is sunken, the first electrode layer is electrically contacted with the second electrode layer, and the pressure sensing nodes corresponding to D1-Dn are conducted step by step from first to last.
4. A resistive multi-stage pressure sensor according to claim 3, wherein:
the height adjusting piece is positioned inside the corresponding pressure sensing node;
or,
the height adjusting pieces and the corresponding pressure sensing nodes are arranged in a staggered mode.
5. The resistive multistage pressure sensor of claim 4, wherein: the first conductive channel and the second conductive channel of a part of the pressure sensing nodes in one pressure sensing unit are respectively arranged as conductive pads.
6. The resistive multi-stage pressure sensor of claim 5, wherein: the conductive pad of the first conductive channel of the pressure sensing node with the height adjusting part in the middle is provided with a yielding hole.
7. A method of sensing pressure using the resistive multistage pressure sensor of any of claims 1 to 6, characterized by:
detecting the activated resistance signal change of the first conductive channel along the x direction and the second conductive channel along the y direction to obtain the position coordinate (x, y) of the pressure;
the distance between each pressure sensing node in one pressure sensing unit and the farthest distance between each pressure sensing node and the nearest height adjusting piece is D1-Dn from large to small, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
when the pressure sensing unit is pressed, the pressure substrate is sunken to ensure that the first conductive channel and the second conductive channel in the pressure sensing nodes D1-Dn are electrically contacted and conducted step by step to causeThe n-step change of the resistance measures the pressure, wherein n-step pressure level resistances R can be detected n The following conditions are met:
wherein the unit resistances of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in the pressure sensing unit are respectively defined as r 0 And c 0 And a is a correction function for compensating the contact resistance error.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the minimum activation pressure of the pressure sensing unit is the pressure of the pressure substrate sinking to make the pressure sensing node in the range of D1 conductive.
9. An electronic system comprising hardware and software, characterized in that: use of a resistive multistage pressure sensor according to any of claims 1 to 6.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein: the input of the combination of different stress levels performs one of a selection, a cancellation, a password input and a payment.
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| CN202110182522.8A CN112860111B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Resistance type multistage pressure sensor, pressure sensing method and application |
| PCT/CN2021/136719 WO2022166394A1 (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-12-09 | Resistance-type multi-stage pressure sensor, pressure sensing method, and application |
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| CN107015691A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-08-04 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Touch display panel with pressure sensor |
| US20170255276A1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2017-09-07 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Input Device Configuration having Capacitive and Pressure Sensors |
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| JPS62192818A (en) * | 1986-02-20 | 1987-08-24 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Detector for pressure application point |
| JP2011221677A (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-11-04 | Sony Corp | Electronic device and operation detection method |
| US9223445B2 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2015-12-29 | Atmel Corporation | Position-sensing and force detection panel |
| CN103823592B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2017-04-26 | 汕头超声显示器技术有限公司 | Display device with mechanical sensing function |
| CN112860111B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-09 | 瑞态常州高分子科技有限公司 | Resistance type multistage pressure sensor, pressure sensing method and application |
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| US20170255276A1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2017-09-07 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Input Device Configuration having Capacitive and Pressure Sensors |
| CN106293419A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2017-01-04 | 宸鸿科技(厦门)有限公司 | Pressure sensitive patterned layer and pressure-sensing input equipment thereof |
| CN107015691A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-08-04 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Touch display panel with pressure sensor |
| CN109238521A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-18 | 常州大学 | A kind of high resistance flexible biological pressure sensor |
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